The chart below shows global sales of the top five mobile phone brands between 2009 and

2013

The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve different countries.

The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of medals that they have
won at the Olympic Games.
It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation. It is also
noticeable that the figures for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country tend
to be fairly similar.
The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including approximately 900 gold
medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In second place on the all-time medals chart is the Soviet
Union, with just over 1,000 medals. Again, the number of gold medals won by this country is
slightly higher than the number of silver or bronze medals.
Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500
Olympic medals, all with similar proportions of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and the
Soviet Union, China is the only other country with a noticeably higher proportion of gold medals
(about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about 100 each).
(178 words, band 9)

The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in the city of
Kolkata.

The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over the course of a
calendar year in Kolkata.
It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, whereas
monthly temperatures remain relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July to August, while
temperatures are highest in April and May.
Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata rise from their lowest
point at around 20C to a peak of just over 30C. Average rainfall in the city also rises over the
same period, from approximately 20mm of rain in January to 100mm in May.
While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months, the amount of rainfall more
than doubles between May and June. Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm from June
to September, peaking at around 330mm in July. The final three months of the year see a
dramatic fall in precipitation, to a low of about 10mm in December, and a steady drop in
temperatures back to the January average.
(173 words, band 9)

The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are studying and whether
they are supported by an employer.
It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among the
younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest. Employer
support is more commonly given to younger students.
Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study
purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older, and
the figures for those in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Students aged over 49
overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%).
Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the 30-39
age group is the most self-sufficient, with only 30% being given time off and help with fees. The
figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more.
(178 words, band 9)

The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million passenger miles
travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002

The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100 million passenger
miles travelled on five different types of public transport in 2002.
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response vehicles. By
contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures.
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took place on
demand-response transport services. These figures were nearly three times as high as those for
the second highest category, bus services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on
buses.
Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light rail trains equalled
the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail
services saw lower numbers of such events than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers
were even less likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17 injuries occurred
on commuter trains.
(165 words, band 9)

The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different
cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989.

The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a period of 13 years
from 1989.
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of the cities saw
rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by far the greatest changes in house
prices over the 13-year period.
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London dropped by around
7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By contrast, prices rose by approximately
2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt.
Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above the 1989 average.
Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more, with prices rising to 5% above the

1989 average, but homes in Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an
average home in Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable.
(165 words)

Full essay (159 words):

The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net migration between 1999
and 2008.
Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the figures for
immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007.
In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated
stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at
a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000
people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000
people in 2004.
After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating
fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As

a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007, but fell back to around 160,000
in 2008.

The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and
industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists and technicians, and
research and development spending in developing and developed countries. Figures are given for
1980 and 1990.

It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed countries are much higher than those for
developing nations. Also, the charts show an overall increase in participation in education and
science from 1980 to 1990.
People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3 years, with only a slight
increase in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990. On the other hand, the figure for industrialised
countries rose from nearly 9 years of schooling in 1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990.
From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries almost
doubled to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research and development also saw rapid
growth in these countries, reaching $350 billion in 1990. By contrast, the number of science
workers in developing countries remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research spending fell
from about $50 billion to only $25 billion.
(187 words)
The bar chart shows the number of times per week (in 1000s), over five weeks, that three
computer packages were downloaded from the internet.

The bar chart illustrates the download rate per week of ActiveX, Java and Net computer
packages over a period of five weeks. It can clearly be seen that ActiveX was the most popular
computer package to download, whilst Net was the least popular of the three.

To begin, ActiveX and Java showed a similar pattern, with both gradually increasing from week
1 to week 5. However, the purchases of Active X remained significantly higher than for the other
product over this time frame. In week 1, purchases of ActiveX stood at around 75,000, while
those for Java were about 30,000 lower. With the exception of a slight fall in week 4,
downloading of ActiveX kept increasing until it reached a peak in the final week of just over
120,000. Java also increased at a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000.
The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under 40,000, and, in
contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks to reach a low of approximately
25,000. It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to finish at about 50,000, which
was well below that of ActiveX.
(Words 197)

The chart shows components of GDP in the UK from 1992 to 2000.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart illustrates the gross domestic product generated from the IT and Service Industry in
the UK from 1992 to 2000. It is measured in percentages. Overall, it can be seen that both
increased as a percentage of GDP, but IT remained at a higher rate throughout this time.
At the beginning of the period, in 1992, the Service Industry accounted for 4 per cent of GDP,
whereas IT exceeded this, at just over 6 per cent. Over the next four years, the levels became
more similar, with both components standing between 6 and just over 8 per cent. IT was still
higher overall, though it dropped slightly from 1994 to 1996.
However, over the following four years, the patterns of the two components were noticeably
different. The percentage of GDP from IT increased quite sharply to 12 in 1998 and then nearly
15 in 2000, while the Service Industry stayed nearly the same, increasing to only 8 per cent.
At the end of the period, the percentage of GDP from IT was almost twice that of the Service
Industry.
Words 182
The bar chart shows the scores of teams A, B and C over four different seasons.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows the scores of three teams, A, B and C, in four consecutive seasons. It is
evident from the chart that team B scored far higher than the other two teams over the seasons,
though their score decreased as a whole over the period.
In 2002, the score of team B far exceeded that of the other two teams, standing at a massive 82
points compared to only 10 for team C and a very low 5 for team A. Over the next two years, the
points for team B decreased quite considerably, dropping by around half to 43 by 2004. In
contrast, team As points had increased by a massive 600% to reach 35 points, nearly equal to
team B. Team C, meanwhile, had managed only a small increase over this time. In the final year,
team B remained ahead of the others as their points increased again to 55, while team A and C
saw their points drop to 8 and 5 respectively.
(Words 168)

The chart shows British Emigration to selected destinations between 2004 and 2007.
The bar chart shows the number of British people who emigrated to five destinations over the
period 2004 to 2007. It is evident from the chart that throughout the period, the most popular
place to move to was Australia.
Emigration to Australia stood at just over 40,000 people in 2004, which was approximately 6,000
higher than for Spain, and twice as high as the other three countries. Apart from a jump to around
52,000 in 2006, it remained around this level throughout the period.

The next most popular country for Britons to move to was Spain, though its popularity declined
over the time frame to finish at below 30,000 in 2007. Despite this, the figure was still higher
than for the remaining three countries. Approximately 20,000 people emigrated to New Zealand
each year, while the USA fluctuated between 20-25,000 people over the period.
Although the number of visitors to France spiked to nearly 35,000 in 2005, it was the country
that was the least popular to emigrate to at the end of the period, at just under 20,000 people.
(Words 179)

The following bar chart shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from
work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.
The bar chart shows the changing patterns of transport use in a European city during the period
from 1960 to 2000. In brief, the chart shows that the use of the car as a means of transport
dramatically increased over the period shown, while the others fell.
In detail, in 1960 the motor car was used least as a method of transport with only about 7% of the
population using this method but car use grew steadily and strongly to finally reach about 37% of
the population by 2000. This was a massive 5-fold increase in use.

Over this same period, however, the popularity of walking, which had been the most popular
means of transport with 35% of the population in 1960 having it as their preferred way of getting
around, fell to 10%. Bicycle use also fell from a high of about 27% in 1960 to just 7% in 2000.
On the other hand, bus use was more erratic being popular with almost 20% of the population in
1960 and rising to a peak of about 27% in 1980 before falling back to about 18% in 2000.
(188 Words)
The bar chart shows the monthly spending in dollars of a family in the USA on three items in
2010.

The bar chart depicts the monthly expenditure on food, gas and clothing of a family living in the
USA in 2010. Overall, it can be seen that levels of expenditure fluctuated over the period.
To begin, in January the most money was spent on food, at approximately $500 per month.
Although expenditure on food increased slightly the following month, it then fell to account for
the lowest expenditure of all the items at the end of the period at just over $300.
Gas appeared to follow the opposite pattern to food spending. It started lower at about $350 per
month, falling in the following month, and then increasing significantly to finish at just under
$600 in April.
Clothing, which at just over $200 accounted for the lowest expenditure at the beginning of the
period, fluctuated dramatically over the time frame. After reaching around the same levels as

food in February (nearly $600), it dropped markedly in March, then jumped to just under $700 in
the final month.
With the exception of an increase in March, average spending decreased slightly over the four
months.
(183 words)

The pie chart shows the percentage of women in poverty and the bar chart shows poverty rates
by sex and age. They are from the United States in 2008.

The pie chart ilustrates the proportion of women in poverty by household composition in the
United States in 2008 and the bar graph indicates the differences in rates of poverty by sex and
age. At first glance it can be seen that single women with no dependent children made up the
largest group in poverty and that poverty was highest for women and children.
The pie chart shows that single women suffered from poverty the most. Single women without
children represented 54% of the total in poverty, and poverty for those with dependent children

stood at just over a quarter. Married women with and without children accounted for the
remaining fifth, or 20%.
Turning to the bar chart, poverty rates were highest amongst children, and the rates were roughly
equal for males and females, at around 21% for under 5s and 15% for 5-17 year olds. However,
from ages 18-24, the gap between men and women widened significantly, with approximately
14% of men in poverty compared to over 20% for women. Poverty declined throughout the adult
years for both sexes, but a gap remained and this gap almost doubled in old age.
192 Words

The pie chart shows the percentage of persons arrested in the five years ending 1994 and the
bar chart shows the most recent reasons for arrest

The pie chart illustrates the percentage of males and females who were arrested from 1989 to
1994, while the bar chart compares the main reasons that the different genders were arrested
most recently. It is evident from the charts that males were arrested more than females and that
public drinking was the most common reason for arrest for both.

To begin, the proportion of males arrested was much greater than for females. 32% were
arrested compared to only 9% for women. Turning to the reasons for the most recent arrests,
there were some clear differences between men and women. Men were twice as likely to be
arrested for drink driving than women, at 26% and 14% respectively. Breach of order, assault,
and other reasons were also slightly higher for men, all standing at around 12-18%.
Interestingly though, women experienced a higher percentage of arrest rates for assault and
public drinking. The figures for assault were fairly similar at approximately 18%, whereas public
drinking represented the main reason for arrest, with women at a massive 38%, compared to 31%
for men.
The line graph shows visits to and from the UK from 1979 to 1999, and the bar graph shows
the most popular countries visited by UK residents in 1999.

The line graph illustrates the number of visitors in millions from the UK who went abroad and
those that came to the UK between 1979 and 1999, while the bar chart shows which countries
were the most popular for UK residents to visit in 1999. Overall, it can be seen that visits to and
from the UK increased, and that France was the most popular country to go to.

To begin, the number of visits abroad by UK residents was higher than for those that came to the
UK, and this remained so throughout the period. The figures started at a similar amount, around
10 million, but visits abroad increased significantly to over 50 million, whereas the number of
overseas residents rose steadily to reach just under 30 million.
By far the most popular countries to visit in 1999 were France at approximately 11 million
visitors, followed by Spain at 9 million. The USA, Greece, and Turkey were far less popular at
around 4, 3 and 2 million visitors respectively.
(Words 171)
The graph below shows female unemployment rates in each country of the United
Kingdom in 2013 and 2014.

The bar chart shows the unemployment rates among women in the countries that make up the
United Kingdom, both in 2013 and in 2014. There has generally been a small decrease in female
unemployment rates from 2013 to 2014, except in Scotland.
In 2013, 5.6% of women in Northern Ireland were unemployed. The only country with a smaller
percentage of women unemployed was Wales, with a rate of 5.4%. Both countries saw a decrease
in the percentage of unemployed women in 2014. In Northern Ireland, the percentage fell to
4.6% and in Wales it fell to 5%.

England had the greatest percentage of unemployed women in 2013, with 6.8%. However, this
decreased by 0.3% in 2014. Lastly, Scotland was the only country which had an increasing
percentage of unemployed women. In 2013, it had 6.1% of women out of work. This increased to
6.7% in 2014, making it the country with the highest female unemployment rate of the four
countries.
(160 words)

The charts give information about two genres of TV programmes watched by men and
women and four different age groups in Australia.

The charts give information about the genres of TV programmes that Australian men and women
and different age groups watch. It is clear from the charts that women tend to
watch more television than man overall, although they watch slightly fewer game shows. The
people who watch the most television are in the 45+ age group.
Nearly 70% of women watch reality shows, which is almost twice as many as the percentage of
men who choose this genre of programme. Nevertheless, most age groups watch more reality
shows than game shows revealing that game shows are generally less popular than reality shows.

The percentage of people watching reality shows increases steadily from ages 16 to 45 with
thelowest / smallest percentage of viewers, at just over 50% of the age group 16-24 and
the highest / biggest / largest / greatest percentage, at 68% of the over-45s.
However, the pattern is different for game shows. The number of programmes watched by 25- to
44-year-olds is significantly / considerably lower than the number watched by 16- to 24-yearolds and those over 45. Just over 50% of 16- to 24-year-olds watch game shows, but this share is
not ashigh as the share of people aged 45 and over watching game shows, at nearly 70%. Only
41% of 35- to 44-year-olds watch game shows, and the share of 24- to 34-year-olds is slightly /
even lower at 38%.
The bar chart below shows shares of expenditures for five major categories in the United
States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in the year 2009.

The bar chart compares how consumers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and
Japan allocated different shares of total spending to categories such as food, housing, and
transportation in 2009.
We can see that the United States had the highest housing expenditure share, 26% of total
expenditures in 2009. The United Kingdom and Japan followed, with 24% and 22%,
respectively. Canada had the lowest housing share at 21%. Housing was the largest expenditure
component in all countries except Japan.
By contrast, Canada had the largest transportation share of all four countries at 20%. The United
States and the United Kingdom had the next-highest transportation shares, 17% and 15%,
respectively. Japan had the lowest, at 10%.

However, in Japan, consumers spent 23% of their total expenditures on food in 2009. The
United Kingdom had the second-highest share at 20%. Canada, with 15%, and the United States,
with 14% had the lowest food expenditure shares among the countries studied.
Overall, the data indicates that housing and health care shares of total expenditures
were higherin the United States than in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in
2009, whereas Americans had the lowest clothing share. Canada had the highest clothing and
transportation shares, and Japan had the highest food share, among the countries compared.

The chart below shows the percentage change in the share of international students among
university graduates in different Canadian provinces between 2001 and 2006.

The chart
shows changes
in the share of
international
students who
graduated
from
universities in
different
Canadian
provinces over
a period of 5
years.
In 2001, this share had a relatively narrow range, from 3% in Ontario to 7.0% in New
Brunswick. Nova Scotia had the second highest proportion at 6.5%. Five years later, the figures
for most provinces had risen, with the exception of Alberta. There, the figures fell by 1% to just
over 4%.
By 2006, some parts of Canada experienced a considerable increase in their share of
international graduates. Growth in this share was especially strong in the case of New
Brunswick, where the figures rose from 7% to 12%. The largest growth occurred in British

Columbia, where it more than doubled to 11%.

Over this five-year period, changes in the proportion of international graduates have been very
uneven across the provinces of Canada. However, New Brunswick remained the province with
the highest percentage overall.
(158 words)
The chart below gives information about the UK's ageing population in 1985 and makes
predictions for 2035.

The graph shows how the size and distribution of the UK's ageing population is likely to change
over a 50-year period.
Overall, the proportions are predicted to increase in all UK countries. In 1985, 15 per cent of the
UK population was over 65, but by 2035, this will account for 23 per cent of the total population.
A closer look at the data reveals that the ageing population is expected to rise more in some parts
of the UK than in other. In 1985, Wales had the highest percentage of people aged 65 and over, at
16 per cent. The second-largest group could be found in England and the third in Scotland.
Northern Ireland had lowest proportion, with 12 per cent aged 65 and over.
By 2035, Wales is still going to have by far the greatest percentage of over 65s, with figures

likely to reach 26 per cent. However, the biggest increases in this age group, relative to the rest
of the population, are predicted to occur in Northern Ireland and Scotland. In Northern Ireland,
for example, this figure will increase almost double to 23 per cent.
(189 words)

The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population living in
urban areas in the world and in different continents.

The bar chart shows the urbanization percentage of the world in 1950 and compares this with
the percentage in 2007 and the projected percentage for 2030.
Between 1950 and 2030, the proportion of the world's population residing in cities is expected
todouble, growing from 29% to 60%. However, this rate is less marked in some continents than
others.
For example, 64% of the population of North America was urban in 1950, increasing to 79% by
2007. By contrast, just 15% of the African population was urban in 1950, but this rose to 37%
by 2007. This represents one of the highest urbanization rates in the world, even though the
percentage of Africans in urban areas is still smaller than the world average.
It is also clear from the graph that, urbanization in Latin America is projected to be higher than
Europe in 2030, in spite of being lower in 1950.

The graphs below provide information on global population figures and figures for urban
populations in different world regions

The first graph shows the trend in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the
second graph gives predicted urban population figures for the next 25 years.
The world population has experienced continuous growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950,
the population grew slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth
rate increased and currently the figure is around 6.5 billion. Projections show a continued
increase in population in the near future, but a steady decline in the population growth rate. The
global population is expected to peak at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then decline to around 6.2
billion by 2100.
The predictions also show that almost all urban population growth in the next 25 years will occur
in cities of developing countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is
expected to remain unchanged at about 1.3 billion people over the next two decades.

The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world,
but will be greater in some areas than others.

The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of
educational setting in the UK in 2010.

The bar chart gives information about the gender of teachers in six types of educational
institutions in the UK in 2010. It shows what percentage of teachers was male and what
percentage was female.
Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education, but less so at lower and upper
secondary education. It was particularly true of nursery school, where the share of female
teachers was above 95%. Similarly one-sided was the situation in primary school, where over
90% of teachers were also female.
At secondary and upper secondary level this pattern was less pronounced, where there were
nearly equal proportions of male and female teachers. On the other hand, male teachers
outnumbered female teachers in high-level education, where the proportion of men was twice
that for women.

Overall, the higher the level of education, the more male teachers dominated, and the reverse
occurred with respect to female teachers.
(150 words)

The bar chart below gives information about the number of students studying Computer
Science at a UK university between 2010 and 2012.

The bar chart illustrates the number of male and female students studying Computer Science at a
UK university over three years. It also indicates whether they were home or international
students. Compared to the number of home students, the number of international students was
significantly smaller. Nevertheless, there was clear statistical growth in the latter group from
2010-2012. Furthermore, the number of female home students eventually overtook the number of
males from the same group, reaching a high of 45 in 2012.
The year 2011 saw the most dramatic developments; the number of male home students fell from
just below 40 to 24 and the number of females rose from 32 to 44. There was also significant
growth in the number of male students from overseas, climbing from 20 in 2010 to 39 in 2012.
Overall, we can see an upward trend in the number of students at the university.

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in millions) of telephone calls in
Finland, divided into three categories, from 1995 2004.

The chart shows the time spent by Finlands residents on different types of telephone calls
between 1995 and 2004.
Local landline calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 12000 million minutes in
1995 to just under 17000 million in 2000. After peaking at 17000 million the following year,
these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2004.
National and international landline calls grew steadily from 6000 million to 10500 million at the
end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 250 to 9800 million minutes. This rise was

particularly noticeable between 2000 and 2004, during which time the use of mobile phones
tripled.
To sum up, although local landline calls were still the most popular in 2004, the gap between the
three categories had narrowed considerately over the second half of the period in question.