Proposed Syllabus

Master of Arts in Sanskrit

SANCHI UNIVERSITY OF BUDDHIST-INDIC

STUDIES

Subject
Code

MAS 101
MAS 102
MAS 103
MAS 104
MAS 105

M.A. (Sanskrit) Semester-I

Title of the Paper

Core/Foundation

Credit

Mastering Sanskrit Language

I

Core

Sanskrit Prose

Core

Indian Knowledge Systems

Core

General Proficiency In
Language ( Any One)

Foundation

Indian Model of Philosophical

Analysis
(Dharmastra and Arthastra)

Pali

English
Hindi

Core

Subject
Code

M.A. (Sanskrit) Semester-II

Title of the Paper

Core/Elective

Credit

Mastering Sanskrit Language

II

Core

Core

MAS 203

Basic Texts of Indian Philosophy Core

Computer Applications for
Sanskrit

Core

MAS 205

Lexicography

Elective

MAS 201
MAS 202

MAS 204

Sanskrit Drama and

Dramaturgy

or

Manuscriptology and
Paleography

Subject
Code

M.A. (Sanskrit) Semester-III

Title of the Paper

Core courses /Elective Credit

MAS 301

Sanskrit Grammatical
Tradition

Core

MAS 302

Sanskrit Poetry and Poetics

Core

Elective

Elective

MAS 303

MAS 304

Epics And Puras

Or

Epigraphy and Chronology

Nyyastra
bhyam

with

Vtsyyana-

Elective

or

Vaieikastra with upaskrabhyam

MAS 305

Skhyastra with
pravacanabhyam

Skhya-

or

Yogastra with Vysabhyam

Subject
Code

MAS 401
MAS 402

M.A. (Sanskrit) Semester-IV

Title of the Paper

Core courses /Elective Credit

Sanskrit Linguistics

Core

Elective

Core

8+2

Scientific Heritage in Sanskrit

Or

Elective

Introduction to Kshmira
aivaism
MAS 403

Jaimini Stra with bara

Bhyam (Tarkapda)
Or

Brahmastrakarabhyam
MAS 403

Dissertation + Viva-voce

Mastering Sanskrit Language - I

Unit I

Background
Introduction to Saskta saracan.
Selections from Hitopadea and Pacatantra.
Practises from Students guide to Sanskrit Composition.

Unit II

Introduction to Sanskrit Morphology (abdarpa).

Nouns, Pronouns and Affixes.
Formation of Feminine Bases (Str pratyaya).
Secondary Affixes (Taddhita pratyaya).

Unit III

Introduction to Declention (Vibhakti).

Declention of Nouns and Adjectives.
Pronouns.
Numerals.
Numeral Adverbs.

Unit IV

Enriching Vocabulary.
Readings from: Amarakoa- First Chapter (Svardi Varga).
Spoken Sanskrit.
Practice of Translating Sanskrit into Hindi / English.
Practice of Translating Hindi/ English into Sanskrit.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

Apte, V S , The Students Guide to Sanskrit Composition, Bombay : The

Standard Publishing Company (reprint 1925).
2. Speijer, Jacob Samuel , Sanskrit Syntax, (rpt.) New Delhi : MotiLal Banarasi
Dass (1998).
3. Baruah, Ananda Ram ,Higher Sanskrit Grammar : Gender and Syntax ,
(1879).
4. Kale, Moreshwar Ramchandra, Higher Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi
: Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1977).
5. Whitney, William Dwight , Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi: MotiLal
Banarasi Dass ( 1983).
6. Lanman, Charles R., A Sanskrit Reader, (rpt.) Massachusetts : Harvard
University Press (1963).
7. Williams, Sir Moniar, Sanskrit Manual, (rpt.) Kessinger Publishing (2006).
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Unit I

Sanskrit Prose

Introduction.
History of Sanskrit Prose.

Unit II

Selections from Classical Sanskrit Prose Texts:

Kdambarkathmukha (drakavarana).
Daakumracarita (Prathama ucchvsa).

Unit III

Selections from Modern Sanskrit Prose Texts:

ivarjavijaya (Prathama Virma).
Prabandhamajar (Udbhijpariad).

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Kadambri of Banabhatta, (Eng.tr.) Padamani Rajappa, Penjuin (2010).

2. The Dashakumaracaritam of Dandi, (Ed. and Eng. tr.) M R Kale, Gopal
Narayan & Co. (1925).
3. Udbhijjaparishat from Prabhandha Manjari of Hrishikesh Bhattacharya,
(Ed.) N.P.Unni, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthana.
4. Shivrajavijayamahakavyam of Sri Madambikadatt Vyasa (Pratham Viram),
(Ed. & tr.) Vijay Shankar Chaubey, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (2011).
5. Ram, Sadhu, Essays on Sanskrit Literature, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal,
1965.
8

6. Winternitz, M., History of Indian Literature, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal,

1991.
7. Gokhale, Vinayak Krishna, The Concept of Indian Literature, Delhi: Munshi
Ram Manoharlal, 1979.
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Indian Model of Philosophical Analysis

Unit I

Introduction
A survey of Indian Philosophical Systems.

Unit II

Pramt. (Experiencer / Subject).

Prameya. (Content of Experience / Object).

Prama. (Process of knowing the world of experience / Means).

Pram. (Knowledge / Result).

Unit III

Selections from Indian Philosophical Texts - I

Tarkasagraha.

Unit IV

 Selections from Indian Philosophical Texts - II

Arthasagraha.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Arthasangrha of Laugakshibhaskara, (Eng. tr.), Gajendra Gadkar, Delhi:

Motilal Banarsidass, 1996.
2. Tarkasangraha of Annambhatta (with Dipika and Nyayabodhini), (Eng. tr.
and critical notes) Bodas and Athalye, Pune: Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute, 1963.
3. Dasgupta, S N, History of Indian Philosophy (I-V Vol.), Cambridge
University Press.
4. Sinha, J.N., Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1952.
5. Chatterji, S C (with Dutta), An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, (rpt.)
Rupa & Co. (2010).
6. Dutta, D.M., Six ways of knowing, Calcutta: University of Calcutta (1960).
7. Prasad,Jwala, History of Indian Epistemology, Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal (1958).
8. Bhatt,V.P., Basic ways of knowing, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1989).
9. Bijalwan, C.D., Indian Theories of Knowledge, Delhi: Heritage Publishers
(1977).
10.Potter, Karl H., (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies (Vols. I-II),
Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1970).
11.Kumar, Shashiprabha, Classical Vaisheshika: On knowing and what is to be
known, Oxford: Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge Publishers (2013).
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Indian Knowledge Systems

Unit I

Unit II

(Dharmastra and Arthastra)

Background.
India as knowledge culture.
Common Characteristics of Indian thought systems.
Types of stras.
An Introduction to stric Literature.

Selections from Dharmastra.

pastambadharmastra With the Commentary of Haridatta.

Unit III

Selections from Smti.

Manusmti with the commentary of Kullukabhaa.
Yjavalkyasmti with the commentary Mitkar.

Unit IV

Selections from Arthastra.

Kauilyrthastra.

11

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. The Yajnavalkyasmriti, (Ed. And Eng. tr.) T. Ganapati Shastri, Delhi:

munshiram Manoharlal (1982).
2. Kangle,R.P., The Kautilya Arthashastra, Delhi: Motilal Banarsi Dass
(1960).
3. Kane, P.V., History of Dharmashastra, (Vol. I), Pune: Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute (1968).
4. Colebrooke, H.T., Two Treatises Dayabhaga and Mitakshara: Hindu Law of
Inheritance, Delhi: Parimal Publications (1984).
5. Altekar, A.S., State and Government in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal
Banarasi Dass (1949).
6. Jha,G.N., Hindu Law and its Sources, Allahabad: Indian Press (1933).
7. Banerjee,N.V., Studies in the Dharmashastra of Manu, Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal (1980).
8. Rao,M.V.Krishna, Studies in Kautilya, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal
(1979).
9. Bhattacharya, Haridas (Ed.) Cultural Heritage of India, (Vol.III), Calcutta:
Ramakrishna Institute of Culture (1953).
10.Krishna, Daya (ed.), Indias Intellectual Traditions: An Attempt at
Conceptual Reconstruction, Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical
Research, 1987.
11.Basham, A.L., The Wonder that was India, Calcutta: Rupa & Co. (1981).
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Unit I

Mastering Sanskrit Language II

Studies on the use and meaning of Grammatical Forms and Words:

Pronouns.
Primary Nominal Bases (Kdanta).
Tenses and Moods (Lakra).
Selections from ukansopadea.
Practises from Students guide to Sanskrit Composition.

Unit II

Sanskrit Morphology
Affixes to Verb: Ktpratyaya and tipratyaya.

Unit III

Rules of Sandhi
Svarasandhi.
Halsandhi.
Visargasandhi.
Praktibhva.

Unit IV

Enriching Vocabulary.
Readings from Amarakoa- Second Chapter (vanauadhivarga and
Manuyavarga).
Spoken Sanskrit.
Practice of Translating Sanskrit into Hindi / English.
Practice of Translating Hindi/ English into Sanskrit.
13

RECOMMENDED READINGS

Apte, V S , The Students Guide to Sanskrit Composition, Bombay : The

Standard Publishing Company (reprint 1925).
2. Lanman, Charles R., A Sanskrit Reader, (rpt.) Massachusetts : Harvard
University Press (1963).
3. Perry, E.D., Sanskrit Primer, (rpt.) Delhi: Motilal Banarisidass, 1990.
4. Deshpande, Madhava, Sanskrit Praveshika, Michigan: Michigan University,
1991.
5. Baruah, Ananda Ram ,Higher Sanskrit Grammar : Gender and Syntax ,
(1879).
6. Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal, First Book of Sanskrit, (rpt.) Delhi: Low
Price Publication (2014).
7. Narendra, Learn Sanskrit: The Natural Way, (rpt.) Pondicherry: Sri
Aurobindo Ashram (2012).
8. Mayrhofer, Manfred , Sanskrit Grammar, (Transl. by G B Ford), Alabama :
University of Alabama Press (1972).
9. Burrow,T., Sanskrit Language, London: Faber and Faber (1965).
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Sanskrit Drama and Dramaturgy

Unit I

Introduction.
Origin and Development of Sanskrit Drama.

Unit II

Selections from Sanskrit Dramas:

Abhijnakuntala -I Aka ; IV Aka .
Mcchakaika -I Aka.

Unit III

Selections from treatises on ancient Indian Dramaturgy- I :

Nyastra Chapter 6.

Unit IV

Selections from treatises on ancient Indian Dramaturgy- II :

Daarpaka Chapter 1.
15

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Abhigyanashakuntalam of Kalidasa, (Ed.) C.R.Devadhara, Delhi: Motilal

Banarasi Dass (1995).
2. Abhigyanashakuntalam of Kalidasa (with the commentary of
Raghavbhatta), (Ed. And Eng. tr.) M R Kale, (rpt.) Delhi:Motilal Banarasi
Dass (1980).
3. Mricchakatikam of Shudraka, (Ed. And Eng. tr.) M R Kale, (rpt.)
Delhi:Motilal Banarasi Dass (2009).
4. Natyashastra of Bharata, (Eng.tr.) Manomohan Ghosh, Calcutta: Ashiatic
Society (1950).
5. Natyashastra of Bharata (Sanskrit text with the commentary
Abhinavabharati), (Ed.) R.S.Nagar, Delhi: Parimal Publications (1998).
6. The Dasharupa of Dhananjaya (A treatise on Hindu Dramaturgy), (Ed. And
Eng. tr.) George C O Haas, Columbia University Press (1912).
7. Bhat,G.K., Sanskrit Drama, Delhi: Ajnata (1985).
8. Janaki,S.S.,Sanskrit Drama in Theory and Practice, Delhi, Rashtriya
Sanskrit Sansthana, 1995.
9. Keith,A.B., The Sanskrit Drama, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1993).
10.Byrki,Christopher M., Concept of Ancient Indian Theatre, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal (1974).
11.Shekhar, Indu, The Sanskrit Drama: Its Origin and Decline, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal (1977).
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Basic Texts of Indian Philosophy

Unit I

A survey of Indian Philosophical Systems.

Unit II

History / Literature of Nyya Philosophy.

Selections from Tarkabh.

Unit III

History / Literature of Skhya Philosophy.

Selections from Skhyakrik.
17

Unit IV

History / Literature of Vednta Philosophy.

Selections from Vedntasra.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Sankhyakarika of Ishwarakrishna, (Eng. Tr.), Swami Virupakshananda,

Calcutta: Sri Ramakrishan Math (1995).
2. Vedantasara of Sadananda, (Eng. tr.) Swami Nikhilananda, Calcutta:
Ramakrishna Mission, 1974.
3. Tarkabhasha of Keshavamishra, (Eng. tr.) S R Iyer, Varanasi: Chowkhambha
Orientalia (1979).
4. Radhakrishnan,S., Indian Philosophy (Vol.I-II), London (1962).
5. Sharma,Chandradhar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal
Banarasidass (2003).
6. Sinha, J.N., A History of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: University of Calcutta,
(1952).
7. Jha, R. N., A Reader in Indian Philosophy Samkhyadarsana (With Original
Sanskrit Text and Annotated English Translation) Delhi: Vidyanidhi
Prakashana (2009).
8. Sengupta,Anima, The Evolution of Sankhya School of Thought, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal (1979).
9. Chakravarti,Pulinbihari, Origin and Development of Sankhya System of
Thought, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharalal (1967).
10.Sinha, Nandalal, The Sankhya Philosophy, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharala
(1979).
11.Guha, D.C. (Ed.), Nyaya-Paricaya: A Handbook of Indian Logic of M.M.
Phanibhusana Tarkavagisha, (Eng. tr.) Kishornath Jha, Varanasi:
Chaukhamba Vidyabhawan, 1968.
12.Matilal, B.K., Nyaya-Vaisheshika, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrowswitz (1977).
13.Potter, Karl H., (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vols. I-II, Delhi:
Motilal Banarasi Dass (1970).
18

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Unit I

Computer Applications for Sanskrit

State of Art in Computational Sanskrit.

A review of the latest developments, evaluation of tools and technology
developed; future goals prospects and directions.

Unit II

Interactive Sanskrit teaching Learning tools.

Unit III

19

 Pinyan framework for Indian languages.

Morphological analyzers, lexicography, sentential analyzers,
translation.

Unit IV

Tools for Computational Sanskrit

Data representation tools and techniques, Unicode, HTML and Java
Script fundamentals.

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1. Oxford handbook of Computational Linguistics, Oxford University Press.
2. NLP: A Paninian perspective, Akshar Bharati .
3. Sanskrit Computational Linguistics, Girish Nath Jha (ed), Springer Verlag,
Germany, 2010.
4. Sanskrit and Computer based linguistics, M A S Rajan & S H Sinivasan
(ed), Proc. Of KR in Sanskrit and allied semantic theories, Bangalore, 1993.
5. Grishman, R., Computational Linguistics: An introduction, Cambridge
University Press, 1986.
6. Kapoor,Kapil, Panini Vyakarana: Nature, Applicability and Organization,
NLP-91 (Notes), IIT Kanpur, 1991.
7. Grosz, Barbara J. (et al.) Readings in NLP, (ed.) LA: Morgan Kaufmann,
1990.
8. MS Windows 2000/XP manual
9. MS Office help manual
10.Ramanujam, (Dr.), Desika Programme, C-DAC, Pune.
11.Readings from Raghunath Sharma.

20

Lexicography
Unit I

Introduction: origin, development and method.

Unit II

Selections from the following texts:

Nighau; Bhaddevat; Halyudhakoa; Amarakoa; Kavaca and
Sahasranma (thousand names synonyms) tradition.

Unit III

Word Index: A Comparative estimate, Concept of Word-Net.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Amarkosha of Amarasimha, (Eng.tr. and annotations) H.T.Colebrooke,

Delhi: Nag Publishers, 1990 (rpt.) (first published in 1807).
2. Singh, Ramadhar, Introduction to Lexicography, Mysore: Central Institute of
Indian Languages, 1982.
3. Sandesara, B.J. and Thaker, J.P., Lexicographical studies in Jain Sanskrit,
Baroda Oriental Institute, 1962.
4. IIson, Robert, Lexicography: An Emerging International Profession,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.
5. Katre, S.M., Lexicography, Annamalainagar: Annamalai University, 1965.
6. Mishra, B.G., Lexicography in India: Proceedings of Conference on
Dictionary Making in Indian Languages, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian
Languages, 1970.
21

7. Patkar, M.M., History of Sanskrit Lexicography, New Delhi: Munshiram

Manoharlal, 1981.
8. Patyal, H.C., Sanskrit Lexicography: Retrospect and Prospect, Bulletin of
the Deccan College Research Institute, Vol. 60/61, Diamond Jubilee
Volume (2000-2001), PP.423-431.
9. Bhatta, V.P., Lexicography and Computerization, (Eds.) Malhar Kulkarni
and Chaitali, Recent Researches in Sanskrit Computational Linguistics, New
Delhi: D K Publications (2013), PP.1-21.
10. Vogel, Claus, Indian Lexicography (A History of Indian Literature ; vol.
5.fasc.4), Harrassowitz (1979).
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Manuscriptology and Paleography

Introduction.

Unit II

Antiquity of the Art of Writing.

Unit III

Writing systems.
Writing Materials, Inscribers and Library.
Introduction to Ancient Indian Scripts.
22

Unit IV

Manuscript: Form and Content, structure and contents of Literature.

Important manuscript collections: Editing and preservation, computer
applications.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Murthy, Srimannarayana, Methodology in Indological Research, Delhi:

Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan (1990).
2. Buhler, George, On the origin of the Brahmi Alphabat, Varanasi :
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series (1963).
3. Salomon, Richard, Indian Epigraphy: A guide to the study of InscriptionsSanskrit, Prakrit & other Indian Languages, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal
(1998).
4. Sircar, D.C., Indian Epigraphy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1996).
5. Katre, S.M. (with P.K.Gode), Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism,
Poona: Deccan College (1954).
6. Biswas, Subhas K, Bibliographic Survey of Indian Manuscript Catalogues,
Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers (1998).
7. Hasan , Ahmad , Indian Paleography, Oxford (1963).
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23

Sanskrit Grammatical Tradition

Unit I

History of Sanskrit Grammatical System.

Unit II

Structure of Pinyan Grammar.

The Structure of Adhyy.

Unit III

Types of Rules
Rule Ordering
Techniques of Anuvtti.
Principles of siddha and Asiddha.
Meta-language of Pin.
Technique of Derivation.

Vaiykaraasiddhntakaumud.
Saj Prakaraam.

Paribh Prakaraam.

Unit IV

Vaiykaraasiddhntakaumud.
Sandhi Prakaraam. .

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1.

Belvelker, Shripad Krishna, An Account of Different Existing Systems of

Sanskrit Grammar, Varanasi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1976.
24

Varma, Siddheshwar, Critical Studies in the Phonetic Observations of

Indian Grammarians, Delhi: Munshram Manoharlal, 1961.
3. Baruah, Ananda Ram ,Higher Sanskrit Grammar : Gender and Syntax ,
(1879).
4. Whitney, William Dwight , Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi: MotiLal
Banarasi Dass ( 1983).
5. Cardona, George , Panini: His Work and its Tradition, (rpt.) New Delhi :
Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1997).
6. Cardona , George (elt.) (Ed.) , Studies in Sanskrit Grammars,New Delhi : D
K Printword (2011).
7. Kale, Moreshwar Ramchandra, Higher Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi
: Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1977).
8. Mayrhofer, Manfred , Sanskrit Grammar, (Transl. by G B Ford), Alabama :
University of Alabama Press (1972).
9. Staal,J.F., A Reader on Sanskrit Grammarians, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass
(1972).
10. Burrow,T., Sanskrit Language, London: Faber and Faber (1965).
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25

Sanskrit Poetry and Poetics

Unit I

Introduction.
History of Sanskrit Poetry.

Unit II

Selections from Sanskrit Poetry:

Vlmkirmyaa : Blaka II and III Sarga.
Buddhacarita (Avaghoa).

Unit III

A Survey of Sanskrit Poetics.

Unit IV

Selections from Kvyapraka.

Chapter I, II and IV.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Ramayana of Valmiki, (Eng.tr.) M.L.Sen, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal

(1997).
2. Ramayana of Valmiki , (Eng.tr.) M.N.Datta, (Ed.) Ravi Prakash, Delhi:
Parimal Prakashan (1997).
3. Warder,A.K., Sanskrit Kavya Literature, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass.
4. Buddhacaritam of Ashvaghosha, (Ed. & tr.) E.B.Cowell, Oxford: Clarendon
(1894).
5. Hopkins, E.W., Great Epics of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1901).
6. Mammata, Kavyaprakasha, (Eng.tr.) Ganganath Jha, Varanasi: Bharatiya
Vidya Prakashana (1985).
26

7. Hira, Rajvansh Sahay, Dictionary of Indian Poetics, (in Hindi), Patna:

Bihar Grantha Akademi, 1973.
8. Kapoor, Kapil, Literary Theory: Indian Conceptual Framework, Delhi:
Affiliated East West Press (1998).
9. Shastri,Gaurinath, Sanskrit Poetics, Cultural Heritage of India, Vol. V,
Culcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture (1970).
10.Raghuvan, V., Studies on Some Concepts of Alamkarashastra, The Adyar
Library and Research Institute (1942).
11.Kane,P.V., History of Sanskrit Poetics, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1951).
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Epics and Puranas

Unit I

Introduction to two Great Epics.

Concept of itihsa in Indian tradition.
Introduction to Pura, Upapura and other Puric Literature
including Avadna and Vaa literature.

Unit II

Editions and Commentaries on Vlmkirmyaa.

Selections from Vlmkirmyaa : Blaka I Sarga.
Editions and Commentaries on Mahbhrata.
27

 Selections from Mahbhrata : Nryaydhyya (ntiparva).

Unit III

Introduction to Puric Literature.

lakaas of Pura.
Puras as encyclopedias; Historical texts and Religious texts.

Unit IV

Selections from Puras :

(a.) rmadbhgavatpura: Rsapacdhyay (11.5).
(b.) rmadbhgavatpura : Invocation (1.1); Concept of Bhakti
(7.5).
(c.) Agnipura: Sivarana (17th Chapter); On Poetry (337th
Chapter); On Dramaturgy (338th Chapter).
(d.) Stotras in Pura: Sarasvat Stotra (Padmapura);
GuruGtstotra (Skandapura).
(e.) Miscellaneous
Stotras:
Mahisuramardinstotra;
ivatavastotra.

Recommended Readings

1. Ramayana of Valmiki, (Eng.tr.) M.L.Sen, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal

(1997).
2. Ramayana of Valmiki , (Eng.tr.) M.N.Datta, (Ed.) Ravi Prakash, Delhi:
Parimal Prakashan (1997).
3. Mahabharata of Vyasa, V.S.Sukthankar (Ed.), Pune: Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute (1954).
4. Mahabharata of Vyasa, (with the Bharatabhavadipa commentry), Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal (1979).
5. Mahabharata of Vyasa, (Eng.tr.) Kesari Mohan Ganguly, Delhi: Munshiram
Manoharlal (1991).
6. Agnipurana (Eng.tr.), G.P.Bhatta, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1985).
7. Bhagavata Purana (Vols. I to V) (Eng. Tr.) G.V. Tagare, New Delhi:
Motilal Banarasi Dass.
28

8. Kapoor, Kapil (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rupa & Co (2013).

9. Flood, Gavin , An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University
Press. (1996).
10.Johnson, W.J. , A Dictionary of Hinduism. Oxford University Press (2009).
11.Pargiter, F. E. , Ancient Indian historical tradition. (Original publisher :
Oxford University Press, London [1922]) Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
(1962).
12.Dange, S.A., Legends in the Mahabharata, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal
(1969).
13.Nanavati, R., Secondary Tales from the two great Epics, Ahmedabad:
L.D.I.I. (1982).
14.Hopkins, E.W., Great Epics of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1901).
15.Bhatt, B. Hansa, A Critical Study Of Mahabhagavadpuranam, New Delhi:
Bharatiya Kala Prakashan (2004).
16.Hazra, R.C. , The Puranas: The Upapuranas , The Cultural Heritage of
India (Vol. II) , Calcutta : R.K. Mission Institute (1962).
17.Hazra, R C, Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs,
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1987).
18.Thompson, Richard L., The Cosmology of the Bhagavata Purana : Mysteries
of the Sacred Universe. Motilal Banarsidass (2007).
19. , ( .) , :
().

20. , ( .) , :

21. ( ), :
22., ( .), --, : ().
23. , ( .) ( ), :
().

24. ,, , (.) : ().

25. , , , ().
26., , , : ().
27. ,.. ( .), -, : ().

29

Epigraphy and Chronology

Unit I

Introduction to Epigraphy.
Types of Inscriptions.
Importance of Indian Inscriptions in the reconstruction of Ancient
Indian History and Culture.
History of Epigraphical Studies in India.

Unit II

History of Decipherment of Ancient Indian Scripts.

Unit III

Ashokas Girnra Rock Edict-I

Ashokas Srantha Pillar Edict
Girnra Inscription of Rudradmana.

Unit IV

General Introduction to Ancient Indian Chronology.

Systems of Dating in Inscriptions (Chronograms).
Main Eras used in Inscriptions- Maurya Era, Vikram Era, aka Era and
Gupta Era.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Pillai, Swami Kannu (with K S Ramchandran), Indian Chronology (Solar,

Lunar and Planetary), Asian Educational Service (2003).
2. Rao,S R, The Decipherment of Indus Script, Delhi: Asia Publishing House
(1982).
30

3. Satyamurty,K., Text Book of Indian Epigraphy, Delhi: Lower Price

Publication (1992).
4. Sircar,D C, Indian Epigraphy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass (1965).
5. Sengupta, Chandra, Ancient Indian Chronology, Calcutta: University of
Calcutta (1947).
6. Ram,Sadhu, Some Important Inscriptions of Ashoka, the Guptas, the
Maukharis and Others (Part I), Delhi: Munshiram Manoharalal.
7. Sircar, D C, Select Inscriptions (Vol. I), Calcutta (1965).
8. , , - , : ().

9. , ( , ), ,
: ().

10. , .., , : ().

11. , ( ),
().

Nyya Stra with Vtsyyanabhyam

Unit I

Introduction

History of Nyya Philosophy.

A Survey of Nyya Literature.

Unit II

Prcna Nyya.

Unit III

Navya Nyya.

31

Unit II

Nyya Stra with Vtsyyanabhyam (I hnika I Adhyya).

Recommended Readings

1. Nyaya-Caturgranthika, (Ed.) Anantalal Thakur, Delhi: Indian Council of

Philosophical Research (1996-97).
2. Vatsyayanabhashya (I-VIII), (Eng.tr.) Ganganath Jha, Delhi:Motilal Banarasi
Daass (1984)
3. Guha, D.C., Nyaya-Paricaya: A Handbook of Indian Logic, (tr.) Kishornath
Jha, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Vidyabhawan, 1968.
4. Sinha, J.N., A History of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: University of Calcutta,
1952.
5. Barlingay, S.C., A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic, Delhi: National
Publishing House, 1965.
6. Potter, Karl H., (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vols. I-II, Delhi:
Motilal Banarasi Dass (1970).
7. Jhalkikar, Bhimacarya, Nyayakosha, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute (1978).
8. , ( .
().

.)

, :

9. ,, , (.) : .
10. ,

().

11. ,,
().

( ), (.) :

, :

32

Vaieikastra with upaskrabhyam

Unit I

Introduction

Unit II

Vaieikastras and its Commentries.

Unit III

Vaieikastra with upaskrabhyam (I Adhyya- I hnikam)

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1. Matilal, B.K., Nyaya-Vaisheshika, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrowswitz (1977).
2. Kumar, Shashiprabha, Classical Vaisheshika: On knowing and what is to be
known, Oxford: Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge Publishers (2013).
3. Potter, Karl H., (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vols. I-II, Delhi:
Motilal Banarasi Dass (1970).
4. Sinha, J.N., A History of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: University of Calcutta,
1952.
5. ( ), ( .
: ().

.)

( ),

6. , , , : ().

7. , , - , :
().

8. ,., , ( .) , .
33

9. , , -, : ().

10. , , : , :
().

11. , , ,

().

Skhyastra with Skhyapravacanabhyam

Unit I

Introduction

Skhya is a Moka stra.

The Name Skhya.

A Survey of Skhya Literature.

Unit II

Authenticity of Skhyastras.

The Skhya plurality of Self versus the Vednta unity of Self.

Jivana mukti Da and Videhakaivalya.

Unit III

Selections from Skhyastras with Skhyapravacanabhyam.

Chapters: I, II and III.

34

Unit IV

Selections from Skhyastras with Skhyapravacanabhyam.

Chapters: IV, V and VI.

Recommended Readings

1. The Sankhya Aphorisms of Kapil, (Eng. Tr.) James R Ballantyne, London

(First Edition: 1885).

2. Sharma,Chandradhar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal

Banarasidass (2003).
3. Sinha, J.N., A History of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: University of
Calcutta, (1952).
4. Jha, R. N., A Reader in Indian Philosophy Samkhyadarsana (With
Original Sanskrit Text and Annotated English Translation) Delhi:
Vidyanidhi Prakashana (2009).
5. Sengupta,Anima, The Evolution of Sankhya School of Thought, Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal (1979).
6. Chakravarti,Pulinbihari, Origin and Development of Sankhya System of
Thought, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharalal (1967).
7. Sinha, Nandalal, The Sankhya Philosophy, Delhi: Munshiram Manoharala
(1979).
8. Keith, A B, History of Sankhya Philosophy, Delhi: Nag Publishers (1981).
9. ,., , ( .) , .
10. , ,
().

11. , ,
().

, :

, :

35

12. , ,
().

13.,, A Reader in Indian Philosophy Samkhyadarsana ( ,

), : ().

Yogastra with Vysabhyam

Unit I

Introduction.

Unit II

Yoga: Tradition and History.

Unit III

Yogastra with Vysabhyam.

Unit II

Samdhipda.

Yogastra with Vysabhyam.

Sdhanapda:
Agayoga.

Kriyyoga;

Pacaklea;

stracaturvyha;

Vibhtipda: antaraga of Agayoga; parima of citta.

Kaivalyapda: trividha karma.
36

Recommended Readings

1. Yogasutra (of Patanjali), (Eng.tr.) Swami Vivekananda, Calcutta: Shri

Ramakrishna Mission Math .
2. Yogasutra (of Patanjali), (Eng.tr.) Swami Prabhananda, Calcutta: Shri
Ramakrishna Mission Math (1996).
3. Patanjalis Yogasutra (with Vyasabhashya and Tattvavaisharadi), (Ed. With
Eng. Tr.) Ram Prasad, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (1978).
4. ( ), ( .)

, ( .)

, : ().

5. , ( .) , : ().

Unit I

Sanskrit Linguistics

Introduction to Linguistics.
Language Study: Its place in Ancient Indian Learning.

Unit II

Sanskrit Philosophy of Language.

Unit III

Vykaraamahbhya of Patajali (Paspahnikam).

Unit IV

37

 Laghusiddhntakaumud: krakaprakaraam.

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Radford, A. (et. al.), Introduction to Linguistics, Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1999.
The Ashtadhyayi of Panini, (Eng.tr.) Ram Nath Sharma, New Delhi: Motilal
Banarasi Dass.
Siddhanta Kaumudi of Bhattoji Dikshita, (Eng.tr.) Saradaranjan Ray ( with,
Kumudranjan Ray), Calcutta: K C Neogi (1953).
Vykaraamahbhya of Patajali (Paspahnikam), (Eng.tr.) S D Joshi,
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (1975).
Whitney, William Dwight , Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi: MotiLal
Banarasi Dass ( 1983).
Kale, Moreshwar Ramchandra, Higher Sanskrit Grammar, (rpt.) New Delhi
: Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1977).
Mayrhofer, Manfred , Sanskrit Grammar, (Transl. by G B Ford), Alabama :
University of Alabama Press (1972).
Cardona, George , Panini: His Work and its Tradition, (rpt.) New Delhi :
Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1997).
Cardona, George , Panini: A Survey of resaerch, (rpt.) New Delhi : Moti Lal
Banarasi Dass (1998).
Cardona , George (et. al.) , Studies in Sanskrit Grammars,New Delhi : D K
Printword (2011).
Staal,J.F., A Reader on Sanskrit Grammarians, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass
(1972).
Burrow,T., Sanskrit Language, London: Faber and Faber (1965).

13. , ( .), , : ().

14. (

), ( ) , . :

()
15. , ( .) , :

16. , ( ) , : ().
17. , ( ) ( ), ( - ) : (1984).

18. ,

()

, - - , (.) : ()
38

Scientific Heritage in Sanskrit

Unit I

Indian Climatology and Hydrology.

Climatology in Ancient Sanskrit Literature and history of
climatology in Ancient India.

Meteorology in Vedic period (gveda; 1.19.7, 1.37.11, 1.164.47,

1.164.5, 5.62.1, 5.63. 1-7).

Concept of vi-garbha in Bhatsahit (vi-garbhalakaa

chapter 21.1-12).

Examination of wind in Bhadrabhu Samhit (Bhadrabhu

Sahit, 9.115).

Drought and good rainfall in Madhusudana Ojhs Kdambini,

(Sihvaloka verses 592-600).

Water Management and Harvesting System in Ancient India

Water

management

in

Indus

management in Vedic Sahits.

valley

civilization,

Water-

Eleven types of water in Yajurveda (Yajurveda; 22.25).

Methods of detecting underground water and hydrology in

Bhatsahit.

Methods of water purification (Bhatsahit; 54.121-122,

Unit II

Vkyurveda; 2.36-38).

39

 Indian Tradition of Chemistry and Chemical Technology.

Unit III

Indian Calendar Systems

Divisions of time in Vedic Literature Day, month, season, year
etc. in Sahit texts (gveda;1.25.8,1.164.11; Taittirya Sahit,
1.4.14 ; 4.4.11).

Concept of tu and samvatsara in Brhmaa texts (Taittirya

Brhmaa 3.10.4.1, atapatha Brhmaa 1.6.3).

Calculation of five years, yuga, ayana, tithi and nakatra in

Vedga Jyotia (Yjua Jyotia,verses 5,9,19-20).

Ontological Measurement of time in India and the National

Calendar Nine-fold time-measurement according to the

Sryasiddhnta (mndhyya,14.1), four types of practical

measurements (14.2), solar units (14.3), lunar units and their

practical applications (14.12-13), nkatra msa and msa

Unit IV

planning (14.15-16), swana msa and its use (14.18-19).

Indian Psychology.
Discussions on Cittavtti in Indian Knowledge Tradition.
Manonusana

Sutras

of

PtajalaYogaSutra:

1.5,1.12,1.13,1.15,1.23.1.30,1.31,1.32.
40

1.1,

1.2,

RECOMMENDED READINGS

1. Chakravarthy, A.K., Origin and Development of Indian Calendrical Science,

Indian Studies Past and Present, Calcutta, 1975, pp. 1-18.

2. Shastri, T.S. Kuppana, Vedga Jyotia of Lagadha, (ed.) K.V. Sarma,

Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1985, pp.11-16.

3. Muley, Gunakar, Aryabhat, Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan (2014).

4. Muley, Gunakar, Prachin Bharat mein Vigyan, Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan

(2012).

5. Muley, Gunakar, Jyotish Vikas, Prakar aur Jyotirvid, Delhi: Rajkamal

Prakashan (2015).

6. Ramanathan, A.S., Weather Science in Ancient India, Rajasthan Patrika,

Jaipur, 1993, pp.1-43.

7. Srinivasan, T.M., "The Theories of Cloud Formation and Rain in Ancient

India", (Article), Recent Researchs in Indology, Hermen Publishing House,

New Delhi, 1966 pp. 377-388.

8. Tripathi, T.M. (with Others), Hydrology in Ancient India, Document of

National Institute of Hydrology, Rookee September, 1990, pp 1-15.

9. Murty, K.S., "Varahamihira, the earliest Hydrologist", Procedings of the

Rom Symposium, April, 1987, IAHS, Publication No 164, 1987, pp.11-15.

10.Pandey, D.N. (with Gupta, A.K.), "Rainwater Harvesting as an adaptation to

climate change", Anderson, David M. Current Science, vol. 85, No. 1, July,

11.
12.

2003, pp. 46-52.

, , - , -, . -.
,, ,
41

( ).

13.

, , , -,

14.

, ( .) , :

: ().
15.

, ( .)

()
16.

, , , ( .)

, ()

Introduction to Kshmir aivaism

Unit I

Historical Background of Kshmira aivisam.

aivisam (religious and cultural aspect ) in ancient India.
Agmic litreture (dulestic, dulestic cum monistic , monistic)
Other systems of aivisam (pshupat, lkulish pshupat, siddhnta
aiva, veer aiva etc.)

Unit II

Rise of monistic aivisam in kashmir.

Systems of Kshmir aivisam (Kula, Krama, Spanda, Prtyaybhij)
Diffrent names of Kshmir aivisam (trika, Prtyaybhij,
pratvdi darana etc.)
crya parampar.

Unit III

Basic terms (Pribhika - abada ) of Kshmir aivisam

36 elements of Kshmir aivisam.

Unit IV

42

Text reading: Prtyaybhijhridayam by kshema raaj ; Upodghat of

ishwar Prtyaybhijkrika by utpal dev with vimarshini by Abhinava
Gupta

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1.

Kshemaraja, Pratyabhijnahridayam, (Eng. tr.) Jaidev Singh, Delhi:

Motilal Banarsidass, 1995.
Utpalacarya, Pratyabhijnakarika, (along with two commentaries
Vimarshini and Vivriti Vimarshini of acarya Abhinavagupta),
Varansi: Chowkhamba.
Kshemaraja, Pratyabhijnahridayam, (Eng. tr. Jaideva Singh), Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass,1982.
Spandakarika, (Eng. tr. Jaideva Singh), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1980.

2.
3.
4.
5.

( ), ( .) , :
().

6.

( ) ( ), ( .) , :
(-).

Unit I

Jaimini Stra with bara Bhyam (Tarkapda)

Introduction to Mms Philosophy.

Commentaries on Jaimini Stras.
Schools of Mms.
43

Unit II

An Introduction to Indian Interpretative Tradition.

Mms - a school of interpretation.

Unit III

Selections from Jaimini Stra with bara Bhyam.

Dharmajijsdhikaraam.
Dharmalakadhikaraam.
Dharme Prmyaparikdhikaraam.

Unit IV

abdanityatvdhikaraam.
Vedpaurueyatvdhikaraam.

RECOMMENDED READINGS
1. Jha, Ganganath (Eng. Tr.), Mimansa Shabar Bhashyam, Poona: BORI.
2. Devasthali, G.V., Mimansa: The Ancient Indian Science of Sentence
Interpretation, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publication, 1959, (rev.1991).
3. Kapoor, Kapil, Some Reflections on Interpretation of Texts in the Indian
Tradition, Structures of Signification (Vol.1), (ed.) H.S. Gill, Delhi: Wiley
Eastern Limited, 1990.
4. Jha, V.N., Philosophy of Injunctions(Vidhivada), Delhi: Pratibha Prakashan,
1987.
5. Murthy, K S, Vedic Hermenutics, Delhi: MLBD (1993).
6. Krishnayajva, Mimamsaparibhasha, (Eng. tr.) Swami Madhavananda,
Calcutta: Advaita Ashram, 1996.
7. Kapoor, Kapil, Text and Interpretation, New Delhi: D K Printwords
(2005).
8. , ( .

.), , :
44

9. , ( .

Unit I

.), (), : .

Brahmastrakarabhyam

Introduction.

Unit II

History of Vednta Darana.

Unit III

Unit II

Different Commentries

of Brahmastra.

Brahmastrakarabhyam (Catustr paryantam).

Recommended Readings

1. Brahmasutrashankarabhashya (Eng. Tr.), Swami Gambhirananda, Calcutta:

Avaita Ashram (1993).
2. Nakamura, Hajime, History of Early Vedanta Philosophy (Part- 1),
(rpt.) Delhi: Moti Lal Banarasi Dass (1989).
3. Dasgupta, Surendranath, A History of Indian Philosophy (Vol. 2: Sankara
School of Vedanta, Yogavasistha and Bhagavadgita), (rpt.) Delhi: Moti Lal
Banarasi Dass (2010).
45

4. , , , :
().

5. , ,
6.

, : ().

( ),

, : ().

46

( .)