Visual Inspection of Weld Api 650

8-6
API STANDARD 650
8.4.3 The Manufacturer shall determine and certify that each liquid penetrant examiner meets the following
requirements.
a) Has vision (with correction, if necessary) to enable him to read a Jaeger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not
less than 300 mm (12 in.) and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between the colors used.
Examiners shall be checked annually to ensure that they meet these requirements.
b) Is competent in the technique of the liquid penetrant examination method for which he is certified, including
making the examination and interpreting and evaluating the results; however, where the examination method
consists of more than one operation, the examiner may be certified as being qualified for one or more of the
operations.
8.4.4 Acceptance standards and the removal and repair of defects shall be in accordance with Section VIII, Annex
8, Paragraphs 8-3, 8-4, and 8-5, of the ASME Code.
8.5 Visual Examination

8.5.1 The Manufacturer shall determine and certify that each visual examiner meets the following requirements.
a) Has vision (with correction, if necessary) to be able to read a Jaeger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not
less than 300 mm (12 in.) and is capable of passing a color contrast test. Examiners shall be checked annually to
ensure that they meet this requirement; and
b) Is competent in the technique of the visual examination, including performing the examination and interpreting and
evaluating the results; however, where the examination method consists of more than one operation, the
examiner performing only a portion of the test need only be qualified for the portion that the examiner performs.
8.5.2 A weld shall be acceptable by visual examination if the inspection shows the following.
b) Maximum permissible undercut is 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) in depth for vertical butt joints, vertically oriented permanent
attachments, attachment welds for nozzles, manholes, flush-type openings, and the inside shell-to-bottom welds.
For horizontal butt joints, horizontally oriented permanent attachments, and annular-ring butt joints, the maximum
permissible undercut is 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) in depth.
c) The frequency of surface porosity in the weld does not exceed one cluster (one or more pores) in any 100 mm
(4 in.) of length, and the diameter of each cluster does not exceed 2.5 mm (3/32 in.).
d) The reinforcement of the welds on all butt joints on each side of the plate shall not exceed the following
thicknesses:
Plate Thickness
mm (in.)
Maximum Reinforcement Thickness

mm (in.)
Vertical Joints
Horizontal Joints
13 (1/2)
2.5 (3/32)
3 (1/8)
> 13 (1/2) to 25 (1)
3 (1/8)
5 (3/16)
> 25 (1)
5 (3/16)
6 (1/4)
Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Provided by IHS under license with API
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Licensee=Techint S.A./5938621100, User=Vanoli, Ariel

Not for Resale, 05/03/2013 13:46:43 MDT
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a) There are no crater cracks, other surface cracks or arc strikes in or adjacent to the welded joints.
WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE
8-7
The reinforcement need not be removed except to the extent that it exceeds the maximum acceptable thickness or
unless its removal is required by 8.1.3.4 for radiographic examination.
8.5.3 A weld that fails to meet the criteria given in 8.5.1 shall be reworked before hydrostatic testing as follows:
a) Any defects shall be removed by mechanical means or thermal gouging processes. Arc strikes discovered in or
adjacent to welded joints shall be repaired by grinding and rewelding as required. Arc strikes repaired by welding
shall be ground flush with the plate.
b) Rewelding is required if the resulting thickness is less than the minimum required for design or hydrostatic test
conditions. All defects in areas thicker than the minimum shall be feathered to at least a 4:1 taper.
c) The repair weld shall be visually examined for defects.
NOTE 1
Vertical spot radiograph in accordance with 8.1.2.2, Item a: one in the first 3 m (10 ft) and one in each 30 m (100 ft)
thereafter, 25 % of which shall be at intersections.
NOTE 2
Horizontal spot radiograph in accordance with 8.1.2.3: one in the first 3 m (10 ft) and one in each 60 m (200 ft)
thereafter.
NOTE 3
Vertical spot radiograph in each vertical seam in the lowest course (see 8.1.2.2, Item b). Spot radiographs that satisfy
the requirements of Note 1 for the lowest course may be used to satisfy this requirement.
NOTE 4
Spot radiographs of all intersections over 10 mm (3/8 in.) (see 8.1.2.2, Item b).
NOTE 5
Spot radiograph of bottom of each vertical seam in lowest shell course over 10 mm (3/8 in.) (see 8.1.2.2, Item b).
NOTE 6
Complete radiograph of each vertical seam over 25 mm (1 in.). The complete radiograph may include the spot
radiographs of the intersections if the film has a minimum width of 100 mm (4 in.) (see 8.1.2.2, Item c).
8.6 Vacuum Testing

8.6.1 Vacuum testing is performed using a testing box approximately 150 mm (6 in.) wide by 750 mm (30 in.) long
with a clear window in the top, which provides proper visibility to view the area under examination. During testing,
illumination shall be adequate for proper evaluation and interpretation of the test. The open bottom shall be sealed
against the tank surface by a suitable gasket. Connections, valves, lighting and gauges, as required, shall be
provided. A soap film solution or commercial leak detection solution, applicable to the conditions, shall be used.
8.6.2 Vacuum testing shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure prepared by the Manufacturer of
the tank. The procedure shall require:
a) performing a visual examination of the bottom and welds prior to performing the vacuum-box test;
b) verifying the condition of the vacuum box and its gasket seals;
c) verifying that there is no quick bubble or spitting response to large leaks; and
d) applying the film solution to a dry area, such that the area is thoroughly wetted and a minimum generation of
application bubbles occurs.
8.6.3 A partial vacuum of 21 kPa (3 lbf/in.2, 6 in. Hg) to 35 kPa (5 lbf/in.2, 10 in Hg) gauge shall be used for the test.
If specified by the Purchaser, a second partial vacuum test of 56 kPa (8 lbf/in.2, 16 in. Hg) to 70 kPa (10 lbf/in.2, 20 in.
Hg) shall be performed for the detection of very small leaks.
--```,,,``````,`,,,`,,,,,```,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Provided by IHS under license with API
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Licensee=Techint S.A./5938621100, User=Vanoli, Ariel

Not for Resale, 05/03/2013 13:46:43 MDT

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8-6

API STANDARD 650

8.5 Visual Examination

Maximum Reinforcement Thickness

> 13 (1/2) to 25 (1)

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Licensee=Techint S.A./5938621100, User=Vanoli, Ariel

WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE

8.6 Vacuum Testing

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Licensee=Techint S.A./5938621100, User=Vanoli, Ariel

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