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    This document summarizes the taxonomic realignment of plant species names used in Burkill's Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula to current accepted names. It describes how Burkill compiled the dictionary over 25 years using plant specimens collected in Malaysia and information from local collectors. It also provides context on the development of botanical study in Malaysia from the 1800s onwards. The introduction of Turner's 1995 vascular plant catalogue of the Malay Peninsula provides an updated species checklist. This study realigns 876 species from 464 genera in Burkill's dictionary to their current accepted names.

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    This document summarizes the taxonomic realignment of plant species names used in Burkill's Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula to current accepted names. It describes how Burkill compiled the dictionary over 25 years using plant specimens collected in Malaysia and information from local collectors. It also provides context on the development of botanical study in Malaysia from the 1800s onwards. The introduction of Turner's 1995 vascular plant catalogue of the Malay Peninsula provides an updated species checklist. This study realigns 876 species from 464 genera in Burkill's dictionary to their current accepted names.

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    This document summarizes the taxonomic realignment of plant species names used in Burkill's Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula to current accepted names. It describes how Burkill compiled the dictionary over 25 years using plant specimens collected in Malaysia and information from local collectors. It also provides context on the development of botanical study in Malaysia from the 1800s onwards. The introduction of Turner's 1995 vascular plant catalogue of the Malay Peninsula provides an updated species checklist. This study realigns 876 species from 464 genera in Burkill's dictionary to their current accepted names.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    425 views59 pages

    77 208 1 PB

    Uploaded by

    Taufiqur Rohman Chimera
    This document summarizes the taxonomic realignment of plant species names used in Burkill's Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula to current accepted names. It describes how Burkill compiled the dictionary over 25 years using plant specimens collected in Malaysia and information from local collectors. It also provides context on the development of botanical study in Malaysia from the 1800s onwards. The introduction of Turner's 1995 vascular plant catalogue of the Malay Peninsula provides an updated species checklist. This study realigns 876 species from 464 genera in Burkill's dictionary to their current accepted names.

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    of 59

    Malayan Nature Journal 2013, 65(2&3), 171-229

    Taxonomic realignment of Malaysian vascular plants


    in Burkills monumental dictionary
    KAMARUDIN MAT-SALLEH1, A. LATIFF1* & IAN M. TURNER2
    Abstract: A taxonomic realignment of the nomenclature of the vascular
    plants used in the monumental Burkills dictionary of the economic
    products of the Malay Peninsula is given using Turners catalogue.
    Keywords: Realignment, Vascular Plants, Burkills dictionary

    1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,


    Selangor, Malaysia. Fax: ++603-8925-3357
    * Corresponding author email: [email protected]
    2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569
    Fax: ++ 475-4295, E-mail: [email protected]
    171

    INTRODUCTION
    Ten years after his retirement, I. H. Burkill accomplished his dream
    of having A Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula
    published. The two volumes were published in 1935, nearly 25 years after
    his arrival in Singapore Botanic Gardens from Calcutta. The Dictionary
    contained treatments of 4,656 species from 1,630 genera and not only of
    the Malay Peninsula but also from adjacent areas and other parts of the
    world. Although it went out-of-print after it was last reprinted in 1966, the
    Dictionary remains as the de facto reference in ethnobotany and medicinal
    plants until today, although many of the species names referred to are
    no longer valid. The publication of the catalogue of Malayan vascular
    plants by Turner (1995) provides a useful checklist of 8,854 species of
    vascular plants in the Malay Peninsular (Peninsular Malaysia, Peninsular
    Thailand and Singapore).. This taxonomic realignment of species cited
    in Burkills Dictionary covers 876 species from 464 genera and with
    new and acceptable names in current use for the species are presented .

    Serious taxonomic documentation of Malaysian flora began
    with herbarium and live collections made by the colonial officers of
    pre-independent Malaya (1800-1957) from their offices in the Botanical
    Gardens of Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Taiping, Singapore as well
    as Calcutta, then the botanical centre for the British East India. These live
    and dried specimens were lodged in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Based
    on those collections, The Flora of the Malay Peninsula was initiated by
    Sir George King in Calcutta in 1889 with the publication of his Materials
    for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula series (King 1889-1902, King &
    Gamble 1904-1909). These 21 preliminary accounts on the dicotyledons
    were later concluded by good treatments of the monocotyledons by H. N.
    Ridley. H. N. Ridley (1922-1925) later completed his five volumes Flora
    of the Malay Peninsula in Singapore. Since Ridleys account, specialised
    treatments were carried out on wayside (Corner 1940), orchids (Holttum
    1953), and ferns (Holttum 1954) and others by his predecessors. Later,
    revisions on grasses (Gilliland 1971), rattans (Dransfield 1979), bamboos
    (Wong 1995), trees (Whitmore 1972, 1973; Ng 1978, 1989) to name a
    few.

    Henry N. Ridley, then the Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens
    from 1901 to 1912, was also known for his interest on the economics and
    cultural aspects of tropical plants. He expanded the initial checklist of
    the Malay Materia Medica published by Holmes (1892) and published
    a series of papers (Ridley 1897, 1898, 1906) on Malayan ethnobotany.
    Upon his retirement, Ridley was succeeded by Isaac Henry Burkill, a
    long time assistant to George Watt in Calcutta. Burkill was educated in
    172

    Cambridge and served as Assistant Curator at Kew before serving in


    Calcutta from 1901. While working with George Watt, he assisted the
    publication of the Dictionary of Economic Products of India. It was of no
    surprise that when he came to Singapore in 1912, he has set his priority
    to the publication of the same dictionary for the Malay Peninsula.

    While in Singapore, Burkill enlisted highly experienced and
    motivated plant collectors at Singapore Herbarium to help him. These
    collectors, such as the late Mohamad Nur and Kiah Bin Hj Mohamed
    Salleh were knowledgable on botanical names and vernacular variants
    as well as uses of local plants. Mohamad Nur was trained by Ridley and
    travelled far and wide with the latter throughout the Malay Peninsula. He
    later helped to train Kiah who was recruited by Burkill in 1920.

    During his years with Singapore Botanic Gardens, Burkill
    collaborated and benefited greatly from Mohamed Haniff, a long time
    Field Assistant of Charles Curtis in the Botanical Gardens, Penang (then
    known as Waterfall Gardens). Haniff participated in numerous outings
    especially in the north and east coast and had made numerous collections
    in Singapore. Burkill and Haniff also working closely with John D.
    Gimlett, a medical doctor stationed in Kelantan who had interest in
    medicinal plants and local traditions. After publishing several accounts
    (Gimlett 1913, 1915, 1920), Gimlett later published his popular book A
    Dictionary of Malayan Medicine (Gimlett & Thomson 1920) with the
    help from Burkill.

    Burkill retired in 1925 and devoted his time on his Dictionary
    and it was during this time that he discovered an English version of
    1886 transcript of Malay classic, which was sent by colonial office in
    Penang to Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in London. The
    translation was said to be carried out by Munshi Ismail. The manuscript
    was jointly written by them as The Medical Book of Malayan Medicine
    (Gimlett & Burkill 1930) in the Gardens Journal. In the same issue,
    Burkill published another paper (Burkill & Haniff 1930) on 696 species
    of Malayan medicinal plants based on his collections.

    The Dictionary was first published in 1935 nearly 25 years after
    his arrival in Singapore from Calcutta. Covering nearly 5,000 items on
    plants, animals and minerals, the Dictionary described 4,656 species from
    1,630 genera of plants in 223 families and recorded 14,358 vernacular
    names known for these plants. Most of the species are medicinal plants
    (4,186 species or 90%) whilst the rest are said to be utilised for other
    ethnobiological purposes. The Dictionary was reprinted in 1966 and
    remains as the de facto reference until today.

    Information from Burkills Dictionary forms a foundation
    for Malaysian Medicinal, Poisonous and Aromatic Plants database
    173

    developed at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in the late 1980s and was


    made on-line since since the middle of 1997 as one of the important
    components of Malaysia Biodiversity On-line internet portal. Taxonomy
    relies on the most recent understanding on particular taxon. Published
    revisions and floristic accounts provide better understanding on our flora
    and species names that were used in previous checklists may need to be
    up-dated based on the most current treatments. However, tracking these
    changes are not easy because of the sheer number of taxa involved in the
    checklist as well as sources of dispute. The publication of the catalogue
    of Malayan vascular plants by Turner (1995) provides a useful checklist
    of 8,854 species of vascular plants in Peninsular Malaysia as well as their
    4,843 synonyms.

    Since the original publication was compiled in word processor, it
    was not readily available for databasing. The ASCII text of the checklist
    were converted into a tabulated data and then transferred into a trial
    database. The whole exercise was completed in 1998 and was made
    available in Malaysia Biodiversity On-line. In 2001, on the request of
    the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment and with a new
    funding, we have developed Malaysian Flora Data Inter-Exchange
    Automation (MAFIA), in house DBMS automation using Turners
    Checklist, Burkills Dictionary, and IUCNs Conservation Status
    Database as a baseline data dictionaries. As a result we can query any
    electronic database and provide a clean set of taxonomic information.

    This taxonomic realignment of Burkills Dictionary is the first
    result of this new database automation, in which 876 species from 464
    genera published by Burkill (1935, reprinted 1966) are highlighted and
    new names in current use for the species are presented.
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    We would like to express our sincere appreciation to MPKSN Malaysia
    for their financial support for this project under IRPA 09-02-02-013.
    Reference
    Burkill, I. H. & M. Haniff. 1930. Malay village medicine. Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 6:
    167-332
    Burkill, I. H., 1935. A Dictionary of Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. 2

    Vols. Crown Agents for The Colonies, London. Reprinted in 1966.
    Corner, E.J.H. 1940. Wayside Trees of Malaya Vol. 1 & 2. Government Printing

    Office, Singapore.
    Dransfield, S. 1979. A Manual of Rattans of the Malay Peninsula. Malaysia Forest

    Record No. 29.
    174

    Gilliland, H.B. 1971. Flora of Malaya Vol III Grasses of Malaya. Government

    Printing Office, Singapore.
    Gimlett, J. D. & Burkill, I. H., 1930. The medical book of Malayan medicine. Gard.

    Bull. Str. Settl. 6: 333-499
    Gimlett, J. D. & H. W. Thomson 1939. A Dictionary of Malayan Medicine. Reprinted

    1971, Oxford University Press, Singapura
    Gimlett, J. D. 1913. Some superstitious beliefs in Malay medicine. Journal of the

    Strait Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 65: 1-778
    Gimlett, J. D. 1920a. A curious Kelantan charms. Journal of the Strait Branch of the

    Royal Asiatic Society 82): 116-118
    Gimlett, J. D. 1920b. Malay Poisons and Charm Cures. Reprinted 1971, Oxford

    University Press, Singapura
    Heyne, K. 1927. De Nuttige Planten van Nedelandsch Indie. Vol I, II and III. Buitenzorg.
    Holmes, E.M. 1892. Malay materia medica (Native remedies received by Holmes

    from Meldrum, J., Johore). Bull. Pharm., 6: 108-117.
    Holttum, R.E. 1953. Flora of Malaya Vo I Orchids of Malaya. Government Printing

    Office, Singapore.
    Holttum, R.E. 1954. Flora of Malaya Vol II Ferns of Malaya. Government Printing

    Office, Singapore.
    King, G. & J.S. Gamble 1904-1909. Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula.

    Journ. Assoc. Soc. Bengal. No 14-21.
    King, G. 1889-1902. Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Journ. Assoc. Soc.
    Bengal. No. 1-13
    Ng, F.S.P. (ed) 1989. Tree Flora of Malaya Vol. 4. Longman Group Limited, Kuala
    Lumpur
    Ng, F.S.P. (ed.) 1978. Tree Flora of Malaya Vol. 3. Longman Group Limited, Kuala
    Lumpur.
    Ng, F.S.P. 1991. Manual of Forest Fruits, Seed and Seedlings.Vol 1 & 2. Malayan For.

    Record 34, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong.
    Ridley, H. N. 1894. Malay materia medica. Journal Str. Med. Assoc. 5: 122-138
    Ridley, H. N. 1897. List of Malayan plant name. Journ. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Sing. 30
    Ridley, H. N. 1898. The Poisonous Plants of Malay Peninsula. Agric. Bull. Sing. & F.

    M. S. 7(8): 199
    Ridley, H. N. 1906. Malay drugs. Agr. Bull. Str. Fed. Malay States 5: 193-206, 245-

    254, 269-282
    Ridley, H. N. 1922-1925. The Flora of Malay Peninsula Vol. I-V. L. Reeve & Co.

    Ltd., London
    Turner, I. 1995. A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. The Gardens Bulletin,
    Singapore 47:1-757
    Watson, T.G. 1928. Malayan Plants Names. Malayan Forest Record No. 5. Fraser &

    Neave Ltd., Singapore.
    Whitmore, T.C. (ed.) 1972. Tree Flora of Malaya 1. Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.,

    Kuala Lumpur.
    Whitmore, T.C. (ed.) 1973. Tree Flora of Malaya Vol. 2. Longman Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.,
    Wong, K. M. 1995. The Bamboos of Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Forest Record,

    No. 41.

    175

    Taxonomic Reallignment of Burkills Dictionary


    1.
    Acriopsis (Orchidaceae)
    1.1
    Acriopsis javanica Rienw.
    = Acriopsis liliiflora (Koenig) Ormerod
    2.
    Acroceras (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    2.1
    Acroceras sparsum Stapf
    = Acroceras tonkinense (Balansa) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor
    3.
    Acronychia (Rutaceae)
    3.1
    Acronychia laurifolia Blume
    = Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.
    3.2
    Acronychia porteri Hook.f.
    = Maclurodendron porteri (Hook. f.) T.G. Hartley
    4.
    Actinodaphne (Lauraceae)
    4.1
    Actinodaphne maingayi Hook.f.
    = Actinodaphne macrophylla (Blume) Nees
    5.
    Adenanthera (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    5.1
    Adenanthera bicolor Moon
    = Adenanthera malayana Kosterm.
    6.
    Adenia (Passifloraceae)
    6.1
    Adenia acuminata King
    = Adenia macrophylla (Blume) Koord.
    6.2
    Adenia populifolia Engl.
    = Adenia cordifolia (Blume) Engl.
    6.3
    Adenia singaporeana Engl.
    = Adenia macrophylla (Blume) Koord.
    7.
    Adenosacme (Rubiaceae)
    7.1
    Adenosacme malayana Wall.
    = Mycetia malayana (Wall. ex Ridl.) Craib
    8.
    Adenostemma (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    8.1
    Adenostemma lavenia Kuntze
    = Adenostemma viscosum J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
    9.
    Adina (Rubiaceae)
    9.1
    Adina polycephala Benth.
    = Metadina trichotoma (Zoll. & Moritzi) Bakh. f.
    9.2
    Adina rubescens Hemsl.
    = Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) Ridsdale
    10.
    Adinandra (Theaceae)
    10.1
    Adinandra macrantha Teijsm & Binn.
    = Adinandra sarosanthera Miq.
    11.
    Agelaea (Connaraceae)
    11.1
    Agelaea vestita Hook.f.
    176

    = Agelaea borneensis (Hook. f.) Merr.


    11.2
    Agelaea wallichii Hook.f.
    = Agelaea macrophylla (Zoll.) Leenh.
    12.
    Aglaia (Meliaceae)
    12.1
    Aglaia cordata Hiern
    = Aglaia tomentosa Teijsm. & Binn.
    12.2
    Aglaia glabriflora Hiern
    = Aglaia leptantha Miq.
    12.3
    Aglaia griffithii Kurz
    = Aglaia exstipulata (Griff.) W. Theob.
    12.4
    Aglaia kingiana Ridley
    = Aglaia perviridis Hiern
    12.5
    Aglaia salicifolia Ridley
    = Aglaia yzermannii Boerl. & Koord.
    12.6
    Aglaia trichostemon C.DC.
    = Aglaia rufinervis (Blume) Bentv.
    13.
    Aglaonema (Araceae)
    13.1
    Aglaonema angustifolium N.E.Br.
    = Aglaonema simplex Blume
    13.2
    Aglaonema oblongifolium Schott
    = Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth
    14.
    Agrostistachys (Euphorbiaceae)
    14.1
    Agrostistachys borneensis Becc.
    = Agrostistachys longifolia (Wight) Benth.
    14.2
    Agrostistachys sessilifolia Pax & K.Hoffm.
    = Agrostistachys longifolia (Wight) Benth.
    15.
    Alangium (Alangiaceae)
    15.1
    Alangium tutela Ridley
    = Alangium ebenaceum (C.B. Clarke) Harms
    15.2
    Alangium uniloculare King
    = Alangium griffithii (C.B. Clarke) Harms
    16.
    Allomorphia (Melastomataceae)
    16.1
    Allomorphia alata Scort.
    = Oxyspora curtisii King
    16.2
    Allomorphia exigua Blume
    = Oxyspora exigua (Jack) J.F. Maxwell
    16.3
    Allomorphia malaccensis Ridl.
    = Oxyspora bullata (Griff.) J.F. Maxwell
    17.
    Allophylus (Sapindaceae)
    17.1
    Allophylus fulvinervis Blume
    = Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch.
    17.2
    Allophylus glaber Roxb.
    177

    = Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch.


    17.3
    Allophylus ternatus Lour.
    = Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch.
    18.
    Alyxia (Apocynaceae)
    18.1
    Alyxia forbesii King and Gamble
    = Alyxia reinwardtii Blume
    18.2
    Alyxia lucida Wall.
    = Alyxia reinwardtii Blume
    18.3
    Alyxia pumila Hook.f.
    = Alyxia reinwardtii Blume
    19.
    Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae)
    19.1
    Amaranthus gangeticus Linn.
    = Amaranthus tricolor L.
    20.
    Amoora (Meliaceae)
    20.1
    Amoora cucullata Roxb.
    = Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.) Pellegr.
    20.2
    Amoora maingayi ?
    = Aglaia lawii (Wight) Saldanha ex Ramamoorthy
    20.3
    Amoora ridleyi King
    = Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) S.S. Jain & Bennet
    20.4
    Amoora rubescens Hiern
    = Aglaia macrocarpa (Miq.) Pannell
    21.
    Amphilophis (Poaceae/Gramineae/Gramineae)
    21.1
    Amphilophis glabra Stapf
    = Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake
    22.
    Anaxagorea (Annonaceae)
    22.1
    Anaxagorea scortechinii King
    = Anaxagorea javanica Blume
    23.
    Aneilema (Commelinaceae)
    23.1
    Aneilema conspicuum Kunth
    = Dictyospermum conspicuum (Blume) Hassk.
    23.2
    Aneilema lineolatum Kunth
    = Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden
    23.3
    Aneilema nudiflorum R.Br.
    = Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan
    24.
    Anplectrum (Melastomataceae)
    24.1
    Anplectrum divaricatum Triana
    = Diplectria divaricata (Willd.) Kuntze
    24.2
    Anplectrum glaucum Triana
    = Diplectria divaricata (Willd.) Kuntze
    25.
    Antidesma (Euphorbiaceae)
    25.1
    Antidesma alatum Hook.f.
    178

    = Antidesma neurocarpum Miq.


    26.
    Apama (Aristolochiaceae)
    26.1
    Apama corymbosa Soler
    = Thottea corymbosa (Griff.) Ding Hou
    26.2
    Apama tomentosa Soler
    = Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou
    27.
    Aphania (Sapindaceae)
    27.1
    Aphania paucijuga Radlk.
    = Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh.
    28.
    Apluda (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    28.1
    Apluda varia Hack.
    = Apluda mutica L.
    29.
    Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae)
    29.1
    Aporosa maingayi Hook.f.
    = Aporusa microstachya (Tul.) Mll.Arg.
    29.2
    Aporosa microcalyx Hassk.
    = Aporusa octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) A.R.

    Vickery
    30.
    Arcangelisia (Menispermaceae)
    30.1
    Arcangelisia loureiri Diels
    = Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
    31.
    Archytaea (Theaceae)
    31.1
    Archytaea vahlii Choisy
    = Ploiarium alternifolium (Vahl) Melchior
    32.
    Ardisia (Myrsinaceae)
    32.1
    Ardisia littoralis Andr.
    = Ardisia elliptica Thunb.
    33.
    Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae)
    33.1
    Aristolochia tagala Cham.
    = Aristolochia acuminata Lam.
    34.
    Aromadendron (Magnoliaceae)
    34.1
    Aromadendron elegans Blume
    = Magnolia elegans (Blume) H. Keng
    35.
    Artanema (Scrophulariaceae)
    35.1
    Artanema angustifolium Benth.
    = Artanema longifolium (L.) Vatke
    36.
    Artocarpus (Moraceae)
    36.1
    Artocarpus peduncularis Kurz
    = Artocarpus teysmannii Miq.
    37.
    Arundina (Orchidaceae)
    37.1
    Arundina revoluta Hook.f.
    = Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.
    179

    38.
    Atylosia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    38.1
    Atylosia scarabaeoides Benth.
    = Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars
    39.
    Avicennia (Verbenaceae)
    39.1
    Avicennia intermedia Griff.
    = Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
    39.2
    Avicennia lanata Ridl.
    = Avicennia rumphiana Hallier f.
    40.
    Baccaurea (Euphorbiaceae)
    40.1
    Baccaurea kingii Gage
    = Baccaurea sumatrana Mll.Arg.
    40.2
    Baccaurea wrayi King
    = Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.
    41.
    Balanocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae)
    41.1
    Balanocarpus heimii King
    = Neobalanocarpus heimii (King) P.S. Ashton
    41.2
    Balanocarpus maximus King
    = Shorea maxima (King) Symington
    41.3
    Balanocarpus penangianus King
    = Shorea multiflora (Burck) Symington
    41.4
    Balanocarpus pubescens Ridl.
    = Hopea pachycarpa (F. Heim) Symington
    42.
    Baliospermum (Euphorbiaceae)
    42.1
    Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg,
    = Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh
    43.
    Bambusa (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    43.1
    Bambusa magica Ridl.
    = Holttumochloa magica (Ridl.) K.M. Wong
    43.2
    Bambusa pauciflora Ridl.
    = Maclurochloa montana (Ridl.) K.M. Wong
    43.3
    Bambusa wrayi Stapf
    = Kinabaluchloa wrayi (Stapf) K.M. Wong
    44.
    Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae)
    44.1
    Barringtonia spicata Blume
    = Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

    44.2 Barringtonia sumatrana Miq

    = Barringtonia reticulata (Blume) Miq.
    45.
    Bauhinia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    45.1
    Bauhinia calycina Ridl.
    = Bauhinia audax (de Wit) G. Cusset
    45.2
    Bauhinia cornifolia Baker
    = Bauhinia bidentata Jack
    180

    45.3
    Bauhinia flammifera Ridl.
    = Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb.
    45.4
    Bauhinia griffithiana Prain
    = Bauhinia ferruginea Roxb.
    46.
    Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae)
    46.1
    Beilschmiedia malaccensis Hook f.
    = Beilschmiedia madang Blume
    47.
    Berrya (Tiliaceae)
    47.1
    Berrya ammonilla Roxb.
    = Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret
    48.
    Blastus (Melastomataceae)
    48.1
    Blastus cogniauxii Stapf
    = Blastus borneensis Cogn.
    49.
    Blumea (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    49.1
    Blumea chinensis DC
    = Blumea riparia (Blume) DC.
    50.
    Blyxa (Hydrocharitaceae)
    50.1
    Blyxa malayana Ridl.
    = Blyxa aubertii Rich.
    51.
    Boea (Gesneriaceae)
    51.1
    Boea lanata Ridl.
    = Paraboea lanata (Ridl.) B.L. Burtt
    52.
    Borassus (Arecaceae/Palmae)
    52.1
    Borassus machadonis Ridl.
    = Borassodendron machadonis (Ridl.) Becc.
    53.
    Borreria (Rubiaceae)
    53.1
    Borreria articularis Williams
    = Spermacoce articularis L. f.
    53.2
    Borreria setidens Ridl.
    = Spermacoce ocymoides (Burm. f.) ???
    54.
    Boschia (Bombacaceae)
    54.1
    Boschia griffithii Masters
    = Durio griffithii (Mast.) Bakh.
    55.
    Bouea (Anacardiaceae)
    55.1
    Bouea microphylla Griff
    = Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn.
    56.
    Brachiaria (Poaceae/Gramineae)
    56.1
    Brachiaria distachya Stapf
    = Urochloa distachya (L.) T.-Q. Nguyen
    56.2
    Brachiaria mutica Stapf
    = Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.-Q. Nguyen
    57.
    Breynia (Euphorbiaceae)
    181

    57.1
    Breynia reclinata Hook. f
    = Breynia racemosa (Blume) Mll.Arg.
    57.2
    Breynia rhamnoides Muell.-Arg.
    = Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C.E.C. Fisch.
    58.
    Bridelia (Euphorbiaceae)
    58.1
    Bridelia penangiana Hook. f
    = Bridelia insulana Hance
    59.
    Brownlowia (Tiliaceae)
    59.1
    Brownlowia lanceolata Benth.
    = Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm.
    60.
    Brugmansia (Rafflesiaceae)
    60.1
    Brugmansia lowii Becc.
    = Rhizanthes lowii (Becc.) Harms
    61.
    Buchanania (Anacardiaceae)
    61.1
    Buchanania lucida Blume
    = Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume
    62.
    Bucklandia (Hamamelidaceae)
    62.1
    Bucklandia populnea R. Br.
    = Exbucklandia populnea (R. Br. ex Griff.) R.W. Br.
    63.
    Caesalpinia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    63.1
    Caesalpinia nuga Ait.
    = Caesalpinia crista L.
    64.
    Calamus (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    64.1
    Calamus curtisii Ridl.
    = Calamus exilis Griff.
    65.
    Callicarpa (Verbenaceae)
    65.1
    Callicarpa cana Linn.
    = Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr.
    66.
    Canarium (Burseraceae)
    66.1
    Canarium grandiflorum Benn.
    = Canarium pilosum Benn.
    66.2
    Canarium kadondon Benn.
    = Dacryodes rostrata (Blume) H.J. Lam
    66.3
    Canarium nitidum Benn.
    = Canarium patentinervium Miq.
    66.4
    Canarium purpurascens Benn.
    = Canarium littorale Blume
    66.5
    Canarium rufum Benn.
    = Canarium littorale Blume
    66.6
    Canarium secundum Benn.
    = Canarium littorale Blume
    67.
    Carallia (Rhizophoraceae)
    182

    67.1
    Carallia spinulosa Ridl.
    = Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
    68.
    Cardiopteris (Cardiopteridaceae)
    68.1
    Cardiopteris lobata Wall.
    = Cardiopteris quinqueloba (Hassk.) Hassk.
    69.
    Caryota (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    69.1
    Caryota aequatorialis Ridl.
    = Caryota maxima Blume
    70.
    Cassia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    70.1
    Cassia alata Linn.
    = Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
    70.2
    Cassia hirsuta Linn.
    = Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby
    70.3
    Cassia leschenaultiana DC
    = Chamaecrista leschenaultiana (DC.) Degener
    70.4
    Cassia mimosoides Linn.
    = Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene
    70.5
    Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham
    = Cassia javanica L.
    70.6
    Cassia obtusifolia Linn.
    = Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
    70.7
    Cassia occidentalis Linn.
    = Senna occidentalis (L.) Link
    70.8
    Cassia siamea Lam.
    = Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby
    70.9
    Cassia surattensis Burm.f
    = Senna sulfurea (Collad.) Irwin & Barneby
    70.10
    Cassia timoriensis DC
    = Senna timoriensis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby
    70.11
    Cassia tora Linn.
    = Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
    71.
    Castanopsis (Leguminosae/Fagaceae)
    71.1
    Castanopsis hullettii King
    = Castanopsis lucida (Nees) Soepadmo
    72.
    Celtis (Ulmaceae)
    72.1
    Celtis collinsae Craib
    = Celtis philippensis Blanco
    73.
    Centipeda (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    73.1
    Centipeda orbicularis Lour.
    = Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun & Asch.
    74.
    Cephaelis (Rubiaceae)
    74.1
    Cephaelis griffithii Hook.f
    183

    = Psychotria malaccensis I.M. Turner


    75.
    Ceratolobus (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    75.1
    Ceratolobus laevigatus Becc.
    = Ceratolobus subangulatus (Miq.) Becc.
    76.
    Champereia (Opiliaceae)
    76.1
    Champereia griffithii Hook.f
    = Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr.
    77.
    Chilocarpus (Apocynaceae)
    77.1
    Chilocarpus cantleyi King
    = Chilocarpus vernicosus Blume
    77.2
    Chilocarpus enervis Hook.f
    = Chilocarpus vernicosus Blume
    78.
    Chisocheton (Meliaceae)
    78.1
    Chisocheton divergens Blume
    = Chisocheton patens Blume
    78.2
    Chisocheton glomeratus Hiern
    = Chisocheton patens Blume
    79.
    Chloranthus (Chloranthaceae)
    79.1
    Chloranthus brachystachys Blume
    = Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai
    79.2
    Chloranthus officinalis Blume
    = Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdc.
    80.
    Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae)
    80.1
    Chrysophyllum curtisii King & Gamble
    = Pouteria linggensis (Burck) Baehni
    81.
    Cinnamomum (Lauraceae)
    81.1
    Cinnamomum cinereum Gamble
    = Cinnamomum sintoc Blume
    81.2
    Cinnamomum paraneuron Miq.
    = Cinnamomum iners Reinw.
    81.3
    Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meissn.
    = Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm.
    82.
    Cleistanthus (Euphorbiaceae)
    82.1
    Cleistanthus heterophyllus Hook.f
    = Cleistanthus sumatranus (Miq.) Mll.Arg.
    82.2
    Cleistanthus heterophyllus Hook.f
    = Cleistanthus sumatranus (Miq.) Mll.Arg.
    83.
    Coccoceras (Euphorbiaceae)
    83.1
    Coccoceras muticum Muell.-Arg
    = Mallotus leucodermis Hook. f.
    84.
    Coelodepas (Euphorbiaceae)
    84.1
    Coelodepas glanduligerum Pax & K.Hoffm.
    184

    = Koilodepas longifolium Hook. f.


    85.
    Coelodiscus (Euphorbiaceae)
    85.1
    Coelodiscus montanus Muell.-Arg.
    = Mallotus montanus (Mll.Arg.) Airy Shaw
    86.
    Coleus (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
    86.1
    Coleus atropurpureus Benth.
    = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd
    87.
    Colubrina (Rhamnaceae)
    87.1
    Colubrina anomala King.
    = Colubrina beccariana Warb.
    88.
    Connaropsis (Oxalidaceae)
    88.1
    Connaropsis griffithii Planch.
    = Sarcotheca griffithii (Planch. ex Hook. f.) Hallier f.
    88.2
    Connaropsis macrophylla King.
    = Sarcotheca glomerula Veldkamp
    88.3
    Connaropsis monophylla Planch.
    = Sarcotheca monophylla (Planch. ex Hook. f.) Hallier f.
    88.4
    Connaropsis sericea Ridl.
    = Sarcotheca laxa (Ridl.) Knuth
    89.
    Connarus (Connaraceae)
    89.1
    Connarus oligophyllus Wall.
    = Connarus monocarpus L.
    90.
    Conocephalus (Cecropiaceae)
    90.1
    Conocephalus amoenus Hook.f
    = Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr.
    90.2
    Conocephalus suaveolens Blume.
    = Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr.
    91.
    Cordia (Boraginaceae)
    91.1
    Cordia premnifolia Ridl.
    = Cordia cochinchinensis Gagnep.
    92.
    Cordyblaste (Symplocaceae)
    92.1
    Cordyblaste confusa Ridl.
    = Symplocos pendula Wight
    93.
    Coscinium (Menispermaceae)
    93.1
    Coscinium wallichianum Miers
    = Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr.
    94.
    Crateva (Capparaceae)
    94.1
    Crateva macrocarpa Kurz.
    = Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
    94.2
    Crateva nurvala Buch.-Ham
    = Crateva magna (Lour.) DC.
    95.
    Crotalaria (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    185

    95.1
    Crotalaria anagyroides H.B. & K.
    = Crotalaria micans Link
    95.2
    Crotalaria usaramoensis Baker.f
    = Crotalaria zanzibarica Benth.
    96.
    Croton (Euphorbiaceae)
    96.1
    Croton griffithii Hook.f
    = Croton laevifolius Blume
    97.
    Crudia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    97.1
    Crudia brevipes Ridl.
    = Crudia gracilis Prain
    98.
    Cryptocarya (Lauraceae)
    98.1
    Cryptocarya areolata Gamble
    = Cryptocarya nitens (Blume) Koord. & Valeton
    99.
    Curculigo (Liliaceae)
    99.1
    Curculigo capitulata Kuntze
    = Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb.
    99.2
    Curculigo latifolia Dryand
    = Molineria latifolia (Dryand.) Herb. ex Kurz
    100. Cyathocalyx (Annonaceae)
    100.1
    Cyathocalyx maingayi Hook.f
    = Monocarpia marginalis (Scheff.) J. Sinclair
    100.2
    Cyathocalyx virgatus King
    = Meiogyne virgata (Blume) Miq.
    101. Cynometra (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    101.1
    Cynometra inaequifolia A. Gray
    = Cynometra malaccensis Meeuwen
    101.2
    Cynometra polyandra Roxb.
    = Maniltoa polyandra (Roxb.) Harms
    102. Cyperus (Cyperaceae)
    102.1
    Cyperus radiatus Vahl
    = Cyperus imbricatus Retz.
    103. Cyrtandromoea (Scrophulariaceae)
    103.1
    Cyrtandromoea acuminata Benth. & Hook. f
    = Cyrtandromoea subsessilis (Miq.) B.L. Burtt
    104. Cyrtostachys (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    104.1
    Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.
    = Cyrtostachys renda Blume
    105. Dacrydium (Podocarpaceae)
    105.1
    Dacrydium falciforme Pilg.
    = Falcatifolium falciforme (Parl.) de Laub.
    106. Dalbergia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    106.1
    Dalbergia phyllanthoides Blume
    186

    = Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth.


    106.2
    Dalbergia rostrata Grah.
    = Dalbergia pseudosissoo Miq.
    106.3
    Dalbergia stercoracea Maing.
    = Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth.
    106.4
    Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxb.
    = Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain
    107. Dehaasia (Lauraceae)
    107.1
    Dehaasia elliptica Ridl.
    = Dehaasia polyneura (Miq.) Kosterm.
    107.2
    Dehaasia microcarpa Blume
    = Dehaasia incrassata (Jack) Kosterm.
    108. Dendrobium (Orchidaceae)
    108.1
    Dendrobium calcaratum Lindl.
    = Dendrobium lobbii Teijsm. & Binn.
    108.2
    Dendrobium pumilum Roxb.
    = Dendrobium pachyphyllum (Kuntze) Bakh. f.
    109. Dendrocolla (Orchidaceae)
    109.1
    Dendrocolla pardalis Ridl.
    = Thrixspermum pardale (Ridl.) Schltr.
    110. Derris (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    110.1
    Derris dalbergioides Baker
    = Derris microphylla (Miq.) B.D. Jacks.
    110.2
    Derris heptaphylla Merr.
    = Aganope heptaphylla (L.) Polhill
    110.3
    Derris thyrsiflora Benth.
    = Aganope thyrsiflora (Benth.) Polhill
    111. Desmodium (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    111.1
    Desmodium capitatum DC.
    = Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.
    111.2
    Desmodium gyroides DC.
    = Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Hassk.
    111.3
    Desmodium pulchellum Baker
    = Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv.
    111.4
    Desmodium triquetrum DC.
    = Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi
    111.5
    Desmodium umbellatum DC.
    = Dendrolobium umbellatum (L.) Benth.
    112. Dialium (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    112.1
    Dialium laurinum Baker
    = Dialium indum L.
    112.2
    Dialium maingayi Baker
    187

    = Dialium platysepalum Baker


    112.3
    Dialium patens Baker
    = Dialium indum L.
    112.4
    Dialium wallichii Prain
    = Dialium platysepalum Baker
    113. Dichrocephala (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    113.1
    Dichrocephala latifolia DC.
    = Dichrocephala integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze
    114. Didymosperma (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    114.1
    Didymosperma hastata Becc.
    = Arenga hastata (Becc.) Whitmore
    115. Digitaria (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    115.1
    Digitaria marginata Link
    = Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler
    116. Dillenia (Dilleniaceae)
    116.1
    Dillenia meliosmifolia Hook. f
    = Dillenia sumatrana Miq.
    117. Dioclea (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    117.1
    Dioclea reflexa Hook. f
    = Dioclea hexandra (Ralph) Mabb.
    118. Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)
    118.1
    Dioscorea gibbiflora Hook. f.
    = Dioscorea filiformis Blume
    119. Diospyros (Ebenaceae)
    119.1
    Diospyros flavicans Hiern
    = Diospyros sumatrana Miq.
    119.2
    Diospyros lucida Wall.
    = Diospyros lanceifolia Roxb.
    119.3
    Diospyros oblonga Wall.
    = Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco
    120. Diplachne (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    120.1
    Diplachne fusca Beauv.
    = Leptochloa malabarica (L.) Veldkamp
    121. Diplanthera (Bignoniaceae)
    121.1
    Diplanthera bancana Scheff
    = Deplanchea bancana (Scheff.) Steenis
    122. Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae)
    122.1
    Dipterocarpus apterus Foxw.
    = Dipterocarpus elongatus Korth.
    122.2
    Dipterocarpus skinneri King
    = Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington
    123. Dischidia (Asclepiadaceae)
    188

    123.1
    Dischidia gaudichaudii Decne.
    = Dischidia nummularia R.Br.
    123.2
    Dischidia rafflesiana Wall.
    = Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr.
    124. Disepalum (Annonaceae)
    124.1
    Disepalum anomalum Hook. f.
    = Disepalum longipes King
    125. Dracaena (Agavaceae)
    125.1
    Dracaena aurantiaca Wall.
    = Dracaena cantleyi Baker
    125.2
    Dracaena congesta Ridl.
    = Dracaena chiniana I.M. Turner
    125.3
    Dracaena graminifolia Wall.
    = Dracaena finlaysonii Baker
    126. Drepananthus (Annonaceae)
    126.1
    Drepananthus carinatus Ridl.
    = Cyathocalyx carinatus (Ridl.) J. Sinclair
    126.2
    Drepananthus pruniferus Maing.
    = Cyathocalyx pruniferus (Maingay ex Hook. f. &

    Thomson) J. Sinclair
    127. Duabanga (Lythraceae)
    127.1
    Duabanga sonneratioides Buch.-Ham.
    = Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb. ex DC.) Walp.
    128. Dunbaria (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    128.1
    Dunbaria scortechinii Prain
    = Dunbaria nivea Miq.
    129. Durio (Bombacaceae)
    129.1
    Durio wrayi King.
    = Durio lowianus Scort. ex King
    130. Dysophylla (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
    130.1
    Dysophylla auricularia Blume
    = Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk.
    131. Ecdysanthera (Apocynaceae)
    131.1
    Ecdysanthera micrantha A. DC
    = Urceola micrantha (Wall. ex G. Don) D.J. Middleton
    132. Eclipta (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    132.1
    Eclipta alba Hassk.
    = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
    133. Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae)
    133.1
    Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.
    = Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume
    133.2
    Elaeocarpus jackianus Wall.
    189

    = Elaeocarpus ferrugineus (Jack) Steud.


    133.3
    Elaeocarpus paniculatus Wall.
    = Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A. Gray
    133.4
    Elaeocarpus parvifolius Wall.
    = Elaeocarpus nitidus Jack
    134. Elaeodendron (Celastraceae)
    134.1
    Elaeodendron subrotundum King
    = Cassine viburnifolia (Juss.) Ding Hou
    135. Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)
    135.1
    Eleocharis chaetaria Roem. & Schultes
    = Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.
    136. Elettariopsis (Zingiberaceae)
    136.1
    Elettariopsis pubescens Ridl.
    = Amomum biflorum Jack
    137. Ellipanthus (Connaraceae)
    137.1
    Ellipanthus griffithii Hook. f.
    = Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz
    138. Elytranthe (Loranthaceae)
    138.1
    Elytranthe platyphylla Gamble
    = Macrosolen platyphyllus (King) Danser
    138.2
    Elytranthe retusa G. Don
    = Macrosolen retusus (Jack) Miq.
    139. Embelia (Myrsinaceae)
    139.1
    Embelia lampani Scheff.
    = Grenacheria lampani (Scheff.) Mez
    140. Engelhardtia (Juglandaceae)
    140.1
    Engelhardtia wallichiana Lindl.
    = Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall.
    141. Enhydrias (Hydrocharitaceae)
    141.1
    Enhydrias angustipetala Ridl.
    = Blyxa japonica (Miq.) Maxim. ex Asch. & Grke
    142. Epigynum (Apocynaceae)
    142.1
    Epigynum perakense King & gamble
    = Epigynum griffithianum Wight
    143. Eremochloa (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    143.1
    Eremochloa malayana Ridl.
    = Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr.
    144. Eria (Orchidaceae)
    144.1
    Eria stellata Lindl.
    = Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume
    144.2
    Eria teretifolia Griff.
    = Eria pellipes Hook. f.
    190

    145. Erigeron (Compositae/Asteraceae)


    145.1
    Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.
    = Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist
    146. Ervatamia (Apocynaceae)
    146.1
    Ervatamia coronaria Stapf
    = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. &

    Schult.
    146.2
    Ervatamia corymbosa King & Gamble
    = Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall.
    146.3
    Ervatamia hirta King & Gamble
    = Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall.
    146.4
    Ervatamia malaccensis King & Gamble
    = Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume
    146.5
    Ervatamia peduncularis King & Gamble
    = Tabernaemontana peduncularis Wall.
    147. Erycibe (Convolvulaceae)
    147.1
    Erycibe angulata Prain
    = Erycibe rheedii Blume
    148. Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
    148.1
    Eugenia acuminatissima Kurz
    = Syzygium acuminatissimum (Blume) DC.
    148.2
    Eugenia bracteolata Wight
    = Syzygium fastigiatum (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.3
    Eugenia chlorantha Duthie
    = Syzygium chloranthum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.4
    Eugenia chloroleuca King
    = Syzygium chloroleucum (King) Masam.
    148.5
    Eugenia claviflora Roxb.
    = Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan &

    Cowan
    148.6
    Eugenia conglomerata Duthie
    = Syzygium conglomeratum (Duthie) I.M. Turner
    148.7
    Eugenia densiflora Duthie
    = Syzygium pycnanthum Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.8
    Eugenia duthieana King
    = Syzygium duthieanum (King) Masam.
    148.9
    Eugenia dyeriana King
    = Syzygium dyerianum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J.

    Parn.
    148.10
    Eugenia expansa Duthie
    = Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.11
    Eugenia filiformis Wall.
    191

    = Syzygium filiforme (Wall. ex Duthie) P. Chantaranothai



    & J. Parn.
    148.12
    Eugenia foxworthyi Ridl.
    = Syzygium foxworthianum (Ridl.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.13
    Eugenia glauca King
    = Syzygium glaucum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn.
    148.14
    Eugenia grandis Wight
    = Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp.
    148.15
    Eugenia grata Wight
    = Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N. Mitra
    148.16
    Eugenia griffithii Duthie
    = Syzygium griffithii (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.17
    Eugenia inophylla Roxb.
    = Syzygium inophyllum DC.
    148.18
    Eugenia longiflora Fisch.
    = Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.19
    Eugenia microcalyx Duthie
    = Syzygium borneense (Miq.) Miq.
    148.20
    Eugenia myrtifolia Roxb.
    = Syzygium campanulatum Korth.
    148.21
    Eugenia nitidula Ridl.
    = Syzygium nitidulum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    148.22
    Eugenia oblata Roxb.
    = Syzygium oblatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan &

    Cowan
    148.23
    Eugenia oblongifolia Duthie
    = Syzygium maingayi P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn.
    148.24
    Eugenia operculata Roxb.
    = Syzygium nervosum DC.
    148.25
    Eugenia oreophila Ridl.
    = Syzygium oreophilum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    148.26
    Eugenia palembanica Merr.
    = Syzygium palembanicum Miq.
    148.27
    Eugenia pallidula Ridl.
    = Syzygium pallidulum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    148.28
    Eugenia papillosa Duthie
    = Syzygium papillosum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.29
    Eugenia penangiana Duthie
    = Syzygium attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.30
    Eugenia pendens Duthie
    = Syzygium pendens (Duthie) I.M. Turner
    148.31
    Eugenia pergamentacea King
    192

    = Syzygium pergamentaceum (King) P. Chantaranothai



    & J. Parn.
    148.32
    Eugenia polita King
    = Syzygium politum (King) I.M. Turner
    148.33
    Eugenia polyantha Wight
    = Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.
    148.34
    Eugenia punctulata King
    = Syzygium cerinum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner
    148.35
    Eugenia pustulata Duthie
    = Syzygium pustulatum (Duthie) Merr.
    148.36
    Eugenia quadrata King
    = Syzygium quadratum (King) I.M. Turner
    148.37
    Eugenia ridleyi King
    = Syzygium ridleyi (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn.
    148.38
    Eugenia salictoides Ridl.
    = Syzygium salictoides (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    148.39
    Eugenia scortechinii King
    = Syzygium scortechinii (King) P. Chantaranothai & J.

    Parn.
    148.40
    Eugenia subdecussata Duthie
    = Syzygium subdecussatum (Wall. ex Duthie) I.M. Turner
    148.41
    Eugenia subhorizontalis King
    = Syzygium subhorizontale (King) P. Chantaranothai &

    J. Parn.
    148.42
    Eugenia subrufa King
    = Syzygium subrufum (King) Masam.
    148.43
    Eugenia thumra Roxb.
    = Syzygium thumra (Roxb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.44
    Eugenia tumida Duthie
    = Syzygium pyrifolium (Blume) DC.
    148.45
    Eugenia urceolata King
    = Syzygium leptostemon (Korth.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.46
    Eugenia valdevenosa Duthie
    = Syzygium valdevenosum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry
    148.47
    Eugenia variolosa King
    = Syzygium variolosum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J.

    Parn.
    148.48
    Eugenia venulosa Wall.
    = Syzygium muelleri (Miq.) Miq.
    148.49
    Eugenia zeylanica Wight
    = Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.
    149. Eulalia (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    193

    149.1
    Eulalia praemorsa Stapf
    = Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp
    150. Eupatorium (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    150.1
    Eupatorium odoratum Linn.
    = Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
    151. Fagraea (Loganiaceae)
    151.1
    Fagraea maingayi C.B. Clarke
    = Fagraea racemosa Jack ex Wall.
    151.2
    Fagraea pauciflora Ridl.
    = Fagraea racemosa Jack ex Wall.
    151.3
    Fagraea vaginata King & Gamble
    = Fagraea blumei G. Don
    152. Fibraurea (Menispermaceae)
    152.1
    Fibraurea chloroleuca Miers
    = Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.
    153. Ficus (Moraceae)
    153.1
    Ficus alba Reinw.
    = Ficus grossularioides Burm. f.
    153.2
    Ficus callicarpa Miq.
    = Ficus aurantiacea Griff.
    153.3
    Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham.
    = Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.
    153.4
    Ficus diversifolia Blume
    = Ficus deltoidea Jack
    153.5
    Ficus gibbosa Blume
    = Ficus tinctoria G. Forst.
    153.6
    Ficus glabella Blume
    = Ficus virens Aiton
    153.7
    Ficus indica Linn.
    = Ficus pellucidopunctata Griff.
    153.8
    Ficus infectoria Roxb.
    = Ficus virens Aiton
    153.9
    Ficus miquelii Hook. f.
    = Ficus schwarzii Koord.
    153.10
    Ficus obtusifolia Roxb.
    = Ficus curtipes Corner
    153.11
    Ficus pilosa Reinw.
    = Ficus drupacea Thunb.
    153.12
    Ficus pisifera Wall.
    = Ficus obscura Blume
    153.13
    Ficus quercifolia Roxb.
    = Ficus montana Burm. f.
    194

    153.14
    Ficus ramentacea Roxb.
    = Ficus sagittata Vahl
    153.15
    Ficus rostrata Lam.
    = Ficus sinuata Thunb.
    153.16
    Ficus urophylla Wall.
    = Ficus heteropleura Blume
    154. Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae)
    154.1
    Fimbristylis asperrima Boeckl.
    = Fimbristylis dura (Zoll. & Moritzi) Merr.
    154.2
    Fimbristylis globulosa Kunth
    = Fimbristylis umbellaris (Lam.) Vahl
    154.3
    Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl
    = Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.
    155. Flemingia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    155.1
    Flemingia congesta Roxb.
    = Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr.
    156. Fleurya (Urticaceae)
    156.1
    Fleurya interrupta Gaudich.
    = Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew
    157. Forrestia (Commelinaceae)
    157.1
    Forrestia gracilis Ridl.
    = Amischotolype gracilis (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    157.2
    Forrestia griffithii C.B. Clarke
    = Amischotolype griffithii (C.B. Clarke) I.M. Turner
    157.3
    Forrestia irritans Ridl.
    = Amischotolype irritans (Ridl.) I.M. Turner
    158. Freycinetia (Pandanaceae)
    158.1
    Freycinetia acuminata Ridl.
    = Freycinetia rigidifolia Hemsl.
    158.2
    Freycinetia malaccensis Ridl.
    = Freycinetia angustifolia Blume
    158.3
    Freycinetia montana Ridl.
    = Freycinetia javanica Blume
    159. Galearia (Pandaceae)
    159.1
    Galearia affinis Hook. f
    = Galearia fulva (Tul.) Miq.
    159.2
    Galearia phlebocarpa Hook. f
    = Galearia fulva (Tul.) Miq.
    159.3
    Galearia ridleyi Gage
    = Galearia fulva (Tul.) Miq.
    160. Ganua (Sapotaceae)
    160.1
    Ganua curtisii H.J. Lam
    195

    = Madhuca curtisii (King & Gamble) Ridl.


    160.2
    Ganua motleyana Pierre
    = Madhuca motleyana (de Vriese) J.F. Macbr.
    160.3
    Ganua sessilis H.J. Lam
    = Madhuca sessilis (King & Gamble) Baehni
    161. Garcinia (Guttiferae/Clusiaceae)
    161.1
    Garcinia globulosa Ridl.
    = Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq.
    162. Gardenia (Rubiaceae)
    162.1
    Gardenia resinifera Korth.
    = Gardenia tubifera Wall.
    163. Gelonium (Euphorbiaceae)
    163.1
    Gelonium glomerulatum Hassk.
    = Suregada multiflora (Juss.) Baill.
    163.2
    Gelonium multiflorum Juss.
    = Suregada multiflora (Juss.) Baill.
    164. Gendarussa (Acanthaceae)
    164.1
    Gendarussa vulgaris Nees
    = Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.
    165. Geophila (Rubiaceae)
    165.1
    Geophila herbacea Kuntze
    = Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst.
    166. Geunsia (Verbenaceae)
    166.1
    Geunsia farinosa Blume
    = Callicarpa pentandra Roxb.
    167. Gleichenia (Gleicheniaceae)
    167.1
    Gleichenia linearis C.B. Clarke
    = Dicranopteris curranii Copel.
    168. Globba (Zingiberaceae)
    168.1
    Globba aurantiaca Miq.
    = Globba patens Miq.
    168.2
    Globba malaccensis Ridl.
    = Globba variabilis Ridl.
    168.3
    Globba panicoides Miq.
    = Globba pendula Roxb.
    168.4
    Globba perakensis Ridl.
    = Globba variabilis Ridl.
    168.5
    Globba uliginosa Miq.
    = Globba pendula Roxb.
    168.6
    Globba wallichii Baker
    = Globba pendula Roxb.
    169. Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae)
    196

    169.1
    Glochidion desmocarpum Hook. f
    = Glochidion glomerulatum (Miq.) Boerl.
    169.2
    Glochidion goniocarpum Hook. f
    = Glochidion brunneum Hook. f.
    169.3
    Glochidion laevigatum Hook. f
    = Glochidion hypoleucum (Miq.) Boerl.
    169.4
    Glochidion microbotrys Hook. f.
    = Glochidion borneense (Mll.Arg.) Boerl.
    170. Glycosmis (Rutaceae)
    170.1
    Glycosmis citrifolia Lindl.
    = Glycosmis lanceolata Spreng.
    170.2
    Glycosmis malayana Ridl.
    = Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng.
    171. Gmelina (Verbenaceae)
    171.1
    Gmelina villosa Roxb.
    = Gmelina elliptica Sm.
    172. Gnetum (Gnetaceae)
    172.1
    Gnetum brunonianum Griff.
    = Gnetum gnemon L.
    172.2
    Gnetum campestre Griff.
    = Gnetum microcarpum Blume
    172.3
    Gnetum kingianum Gamble
    = Gnetum latifolium Blume
    172.4
    Gnetum longispica Ridl.
    = Gnetum cuspidatum Blume
    172.5
    Gnetum wrayi Gamble
    = Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn.
    173. Gomphandra (Icacinaceae)
    173.1
    Gomphandra affinis Masters
    = Gomphandra quadrifida (Blume) Sleumer
    173.2
    Gomphandra lanceolata King
    = Gomphandra quadrifida (Blume) Sleumer
    173.3
    Gomphandra salicifolia Ridl.
    = Gomphandra quadrifida (Blume) Sleumer
    174. Gonocaryum (Icacinaceae)
    174.1
    Gonocaryum longeracemosum King
    = Gonocaryum gracile Miq.
    175. Grewia (Tiliaceae)
    175.1
    Grewia fibrocarpa Masters
    = Microcos fibrocarpa (Mast.) Burret
    175.2
    Grewia globulifera Masters
    = Microcos globulifera (Mast.) Burret
    197

    175.3
    Grewia latifolia Masters
    = Microcos latifolia Burret
    175.4
    Grewia miqueliana Kurz
    = Microcos lanceolata (Miq.) Burret
    175.5
    Grewia paniculata Roxb.
    = Microcos tomentosa Sm.
    175.6
    Grewia umbellata Roxb.
    = Grewia laevigata Vahl
    176. Gymnema (Asclepiadaceae)
    176.1
    Gymnema acuminatum Wall
    = Marsdenia acuminata (Roxb.) I.M. Turner
    176.2
    Gymnema tingens Wight
    = Marsdenia tingens (Roxb.) P.I. Forst.
    177. Gymnopetalum (Cucurbitaceae)
    177.1
    Gymnopetalum cochinchinense Kurz
    = Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) Merr.
    177.2
    Gymnopetalum quinquelobum Miq.
    = Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) Merr.
    178. Gymnosporia (Celastraceae)
    178.1
    Gymnosporia curtisii King
    = Maytenus curtisii (King) Ding Hou
    179. Gynandropsis (Capparaceae)
    179.1
    Gynandropsis gynandra Briquet
    = Cleome gynandra L.
    180. Gynura (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    180.1
    Gynura malasica Ridl.
    = Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.
    181. Gyrocarpus (Hernandiaceae)
    181.1
    Gyrocarpus jacquinii Gaertn.
    = Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq.
    182. Habenaria (Orchidaceae)
    182.1
    Habenaria susannae R.Br.
    = Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf.
    183. Haemaria (Orchidaceae)
    183.1
    Haemaria discolor Lindl.
    = Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) A. Rich.
    184. Harmandia (Olacaceae)
    184.1
    Harmandia kunstleri King
    = Harmandia mekongensis Pierre ex Baill.
    185. Harpullia (Sapindaceae)
    185.1
    Harpullia confusa Blume
    = Harpullia cupanioides Roxb.
    198

    186. Hedyotis (Rubiaceae)


    186.1
    Hedyotis glabra R. Br
    = Hedyotis insularis (Spreng.) Deb & R. Dutta
    187. Hemigymnia (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    187.1
    Hemigymnia fusca Ridl.
    = Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy
    187.2
    Hemigymnia multinodis Stapf
    = Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy
    188. Henslowia (Santalaceae)
    188.1
    Henslowia buxifolia Blume
    = Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Miq.
    188.2
    Henslowia umbellata Blume
    = Dendrotrophe umbellata (Blume) Miq.
    189. Hernandia (Hernandiaceae)
    189.1
    Hernandia peltata Meissn.
    = Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Presl) Kubitzki
    190. Heterophragma (Bignoniaceae)
    190.1
    Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem.
    = Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G. Don) Steenis
    191. Hibiscus (Malvaceae)
    191.1
    Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn.
    = Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.
    192. Hippocratea (Celastraceae)
    192.1
    Hippocratea indica Willd.
    = Reissantia indica (Willd.) N. Hall
    193. Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae)
    193.1
    Hodgsonia capniocarpa Ridl.
    = Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn.
    194. Homalium (Flacourtiaceae)
    194.1
    Homalium propinquum C. B. Clarke
    = Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth.
    195. Homalomena (Araceae)
    195.1
    Homalomena coerulescens Jungh.
    = Homalomena pontederiifolia Griff. ex Hook. f.
    195.2
    Homalomena purpurascens Schott
    = Homalomena pygmaea (Hassk.) Engl.
    196. Hopea (Dipterocarpaceae)
    196.1
    Hopea curtisii King
    = Hopea sangal Korth.
    196.2
    Hopea globosa Brandis
    = Hopea sangal Korth.
    196.3
    Hopea multiflora Brandis
    199

    = Shorea multiflora (Burck) Symington


    197. Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae)
    197.1
    Horsfieldia globularia Warb.
    = Horsfieldia parviflora (Roxb.) J. Sinclair
    197.2
    Horsfieldia racemosa Warb.
    = Endocomia canarioides (King) W.J. de Wilde
    198. Humata (Davalliaceae)
    198.1
    Humata parvula Mett.
    = Davallia parvula Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
    199. Hunteria (Apocynaceae)
    199.1
    Hunteria corymbosa Roxb.
    = Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardn. ex Thwaites
    200. Hydrocotyle (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae)
    200.1
    Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn.
    = Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
    201. Hygrophila (Acanthaceae)
    201.1
    Hygrophila angustifolia R. Br.
    = Hygrophila ringens (L.) R.Br. ex Steud.
    201.2
    Hygrophila quadrivalvis Nees
    = Hygrophila ringens (L.) R.Br. ex Steud.
    202. Hymenodictyon (Rubiaceae)
    202.1
    Hymenodictyon excelsum Wall.
    = Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.
    203. Hypolytrum (Cyperaceae)
    203.1
    Hypolytrum latifolium Rich.
    = Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng.
    204. Hypserpa (Menispermaceae)
    204.1
    Hypserpa cuspidata Miers
    = Hypserpa nitida Miers
    205. Ichnanthus (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    205.1
    Ichnanthus vicinus Merr.
    = Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth.
    206. Iguanura (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    206.1
    Iguanura spectabilis Ridl.
    = Iguanura wallichiana (Wall. ex Mart.) Hook. f.
    207. Illicium (Illiciaceae)
    207.1
    Illicium cambodianum Hance
    = Illicium tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm.
    208. Illigera (Hernandiaceae)
    208.1
    Illigera lucida Teijsm. & Binn.
    = Illigera pulchra Blume
    209. Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae)
    200

    209.1
    Ipomoea gracilis R. Br.
    = Ipomoea littoralis Blume
    209.2
    Ipomoea reptans Poir.
    = Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
    209.3
    Ipomoea stolonifera Poir.
    = Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb.
    210. Isachne (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    210.1
    Isachne miliacea Roth
    = Isachne pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
    210.2
    Isachne rigida Nees
    = Isachne confusa Ohwi
    211. Ixora (Rubiaceae)
    211.1
    Ixora arguta R. Br.
    = Ixora nigricans Wight & Arn.
    211.2
    Ixora crassifolia Ridl.
    = Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi
    211.3
    Ixora fluminalis Ridl.
    = Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi
    212. Jackia (Rubiaceae)
    212.1
    Jackia ornata Wall.
    = Jackiopsis ornata (Wall.) Ridsdale
    213. Jasminum (Oleaceae)
    213.1
    Jasminum bifarium Wall.
    = Jasminum elongatum (Bergius) Willd.
    214. Jussiaea (Onagraceae)
    214.1
    Jussiaea repens Linn.
    = Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara
    215. Justicia (Acanthaceae)
    215.1
    Justicia bracteata Ridl.
    = Rungia laxiflora C.B. Clarke
    216. Kadsura (Schisandraceae)
    216.1
    Kadsura cauliflora Blume
    = Kadsura scandens (Blume) Blume
    217. Kandelia (Rhizophoraceae)
    217.1
    Kandelia rheedei Wight & Arn.
    = Kandelia candel (L.) Druce
    218. Kibara (Monimiaceae)
    218.1
    Kibara chartacea Blume
    = Kibara coriacea (Blume) Tul.
    219. Kingstonia (Annonaceae)
    219.1
    Kingstonia nervosa Hook. f. & Thoms.
    = Dendrokingstonia nervosa (Hook. f. & Thomson)
    201


    Rauschert
    220. Knema (Myristicaceae)
    220.1
    Knema geminata Warb.
    = Knema glaucescens Jack
    220.2
    Knema missionis Warb.
    = Knema globularia (Lam.) Warb.
    221. Korthalsia (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    221.1
    Korthalsia polystachya Mart.
    = Korthalsia rigida Blume
    221.2
    Korthalsia scaphigera Mart.
    = Korthalsia rostrata Blume
    222. Kurrimia (Celastraceae)
    222.1
    Kurrimia paniculata Wall.
    = Bhesa paniculata Arn.
    223. Kyllinga (Cyperaceae)
    223.1
    Kyllinga monocephala Rottb.
    = Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dandy ex

    Hutch. & Dalziel
    224. Labisia (Myrsinaceae)
    224.1
    Labisia pothoina Lindl.
    = Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill.
    225. Languas (Zingiberaceae)
    225.1
    Languas galanga Stuntz
    = Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.
    225.2
    Languas melanocarpa Burkill
    = Alpinia aquatica (Retz.) Roscoe
    225.3
    Languas scabra Burkill
    = Alpinia scabra (Blume) Baker
    226. Lantana (Verbenaceae)
    226.1
    Lantana aculeata Linn.
    = Lantana camara L.
    227. Laportea (Urticaceae)
    227.1
    Laportea pustulosa Ridley
    = Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew
    227.2
    Laportea stimulans Miq.
    = Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f.) Chew
    228. Lasianthus (Rubiaceae)
    228.1
    Lasianthus coronatus King & Gamble
    = Lasianthus montanus King & Gamble
    229. Leea (Leeaceae)
    229.1
    Leea gigantea Griff.
    = Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
    202

    230. Lepidagathis (Acanthaceae)


    230.1
    Lepidagathis longifolia Wight
    = Chroesthes longifolia (Wight) B. Hansen
    231. Lepisanthes (Sapindaceae)
    231.1
    Lepisanthes kunstleri King
    = Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk.
    231.2
    Lepisanthes longifolia Radlk.
    = Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk.
    231.3
    Lepisanthes scortechinii King
    = Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk.
    232. Leptaspis (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    232.1
    Leptaspis urceolata R. Br.
    = Scrotochloa urceolata (Roxb.) Judz.
    233. Leptospermum (Myrtaceae)
    233.1
    Leptospermum flavescens Smith
    = Leptospermum amboinense Blume
    234. Lettsomia (Convolvulaceae)
    234.1
    Lettsomia adpressa Miq.
    = Argyreia adpressa (Choisy) Boerl.
    234.2
    Lettsomia maingayi C. B. Clarke
    = Argyreia maingayi (C.B. Clarke) Hoogl.
    234.3
    Lettsomia peguensis C. B. Clarke
    = Argyreia capitata (Vahl) Choisy
    234.4
    Lettsomia ridleyi Prain
    = Argyreia ridleyi (Prain) Prain ex Ooststr.
    234.5
    Lettsomia rubicunda C. B. Clarke
    = Argyreia rubicunda Choisy
    234.6
    Lettsomia scortechinii Prain
    = Argyreia scortechinii (Prain) Hoogl.
    235. Leucaena (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    235.1
    Leucaena glauca Benth.
    = Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
    236. Leucopogon (Epacridaceae)
    236.1
    Leucopogon malayanus Jack
    = Styphelia malayana (Jack) Spr.
    237. Limacia (Menispermaceae)
    237.1
    Limacia velutina Miers

    = Limacia scandens Lour.
    238. Limnanthemum (Menyanthaceae)
    238.1
    Limnanthemum indicum Thwaites
    = Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze
    239. Limnophila (Scrophulariaceae)
    203

    239.1
    Limnophila aromatica Merr.
    = Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.
    240. Lindera (Lauraceae)
    240.1
    Lindera malaccensis Hook. f.
    = Lindera lucida (Blume) Boerl.
    240.2
    Lindera selangorensis Ridl.
    = Lindera lucida (Blume) Boerl.
    241. Lipocarpha (Cyperaceae)
    241.1
    Lipocarpha argentea R. Br.
    = Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) Kern
    242. Lippia (Verbenaceae)
    242.1
    Lippia nodiflora Mich.
    = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
    243. Litsea (Lauraceae)
    243.1
    Litsea petiolata Hook. f.
    = Litsea elliptica Blume
    243.2
    Litsea trunciflora Gamble
    = Litsea johorensis Gamble
    243.3
    Litsea ujongensis Gamble
    = Litsea sessiliflora Hook. f.
    244. Livistona (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    244.1
    Livistona rupicola Ridl.
    = Maxburretia rupicola (Ridl.) Furtado
    245. Lobelia (Campanulaceae)
    245.1
    Lobelia affinis Wall.
    = Lobelia zeylanica L.
    246. Lochnera (Apocynaceae)
    246.1
    Lochnera rosea Reichb.
    = Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
    247. Longetia (Euphorbiaceae)
    247.1
    Longetia malayana Pax
    = Austrobuxus nitidus Miq.
    248. Lophopetalum (Celastraceae)
    248.1
    Lophopetalum fimbriatum Wight
    = Lophopetalum wightianum Arn.
    248.2
    Lophopetalum maingayi Ridl.
    = Kokoona littoralis Laws.
    249. Loranthus (Loranthaceae)
    249.1
    Loranthus casuarinae Ridl.
    = Dendrophthoe lanosa (Korth.) Danser
    249.2
    Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb.
    = Scurrula ferruginea (Roxb. ex Jack) Danser
    204

    249.3
    Loranthus grandifrons King
    = Dendrophthoe incarnata (Jack) Miq.
    249.4
    Loranthus pentandrus Linn.
    = Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
    250. Lumnitzera (Combretaceae)
    250.1
    Lumnitzera coccinea W. & A.
    = Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt
    251. Lycopodium (Lycopodiaceae)
    251.1
    Lycopodium carinatum Desv.
    = Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Trevis.
    251.2
    Lycopodium phlegmaria Linn.
    = Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Rothm.
    252. Lygodium (Schizaeaceae)
    252.1
    Lygodium scandens Swartz
    = Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br.
    253. Maba (Ebenaceae)
    253.1
    Maba buxifolia Pers
    = Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.
    253.2
    Maba venosa King
    = Diospyros venosa Wall. ex A. DC.
    254. Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae)
    254.1
    Macaranga griffithiana Muell.-Arg.
    = Macaranga motleyana (Mll.Arg.) Mll.Arg.
    254.2
    Macaranga incisa Gage;
    = Macaranga gigantea (Rchb. f. & Zoll.) Mll.Arg.
    254.3
    Macaranga populifolia Muell.-Arg.
    = Macaranga conifera (Zoll.) Mll.Arg.
    255. Machilus (Lauraceae)
    255.1
    Machilus scortechinii Gamble
    = Phoebe scortechinii (Gamble) Kochummen
    256. Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae)
    256.1
    Mallotus porterianus Muell.-Arg.
    = Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.) Mll.Arg.
    257. Mangifera (Anacardiaceae)
    257.1
    Mangifera kemanga Blume
    = Mangifera caesia Jack
    257.2
    Mangifera longipes Griff.
    = Mangifera laurina Blume
    257.3
    Mangifera maingayi Hook. f.
    = Mangifera quadrifida Jack
    257.4
    Mangifera microphylla Griff.
    = Mangifera griffithii Hook. f.
    205

    257.5
    Mangifera oblongifolia Hook. f.
    = Mangifera odorata Griff.
    258. Manisuris (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    258.1
    Manisuris granularis Linn. f.
    = Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef
    259. Mapania (Cyperaceae)
    259.1
    Mapania humilis Naves & Villar
    = Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien
    259.2
    Mapania triquetra Ridl.
    = Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien
    260. Mariscus (Cyperaceae)
    260.1
    Mariscus albescens Gaud.
    = Cyperus javanicus Houtt.
    260.2
    Mariscus cyperinus Vahl.
    = Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) J.V. Suringar
    260.3
    Mariscus microcephalus Presl.
    = Cyperus compactus Retz.
    260.4
    Mariscus sieberianus Nees
    = Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
    261. Marumia (Melastomataceae)
    261.1
    Marumia nemorosa Blume
    = Macrolenes nemorosa (Jack) Bakh. f.
    262. Mastixia (Cornaceae)
    262.1
    Mastixia bracteata C. B. Clarke
    = Mastixia cuspidata Blume
    263. Medinilla (Melastomataceae)
    263.1
    Medinilla hasseltii Blume
    = Medinilla crassifolia (Reinw. ex Blume) Blume
    264. Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)
    264.1
    Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.
    = Melaleuca cajuputi Powell
    265. Melanochyla (Anacardiaceae)
    265.1
    Melanochyla maingayi Hook. f.
    = Melanochyla caesia (Blume) Ding Hou
    265.2
    Melanochyla rugosa King
    = Melanochyla fulvinervis (Blume) Ding Hou
    266. Melanorrhoea (Anacardiaceae)
    266.1
    Melanorrhoea aptera King
    = Gluta aptera (King) Ding Hou
    266.2
    Melanorrhoea curtisii Oliv.
    = Gluta curtisii (Oliv.) Ding Hou
    266.3
    Melanorrhoea inappendiculata King
    206

    = Gluta aptera (King) Ding Hou


    266.4
    Melanorrhoea pubescens Ridl.
    = Gluta pubescens (Ridl.) Ding Hou
    266.5
    Melanorrhoea torquata King
    = Gluta torquata (King) Tardieu
    267. Melastoma (Melastomataceae)
    267.1
    Melastoma perakense Ridl.
    = Melastoma molle Wall.
    267.2
    Melastoma polyanthum Blume
    = Melastoma malabathricum L.
    268. Meliosma (Sabiaceae)
    268.1
    Meliosma elliptica Hook. f.
    = Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp.
    268.2
    Meliosma lancifolia Hook. f.
    = Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp.
    268.3
    Meliosma nitida Blume
    = Meliosma sumatrana (Jack) Walp.
    268.4
    Meliosma ridleyi King
    = Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim.
    269. Melothria (Cucurbitaceae)
    269.1
    Melothria affinis King
    = Zehneria marginata (Blume) Keraudren
    269.2
    Melothria indica King
    = Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y. Liu
    269.3
    Melothria marginata Cogn..
    = Zehneria marginata (Blume) Keraudren
    270. Memecylon (Melastomataceae)
    270.1
    Memecylon caloneuron Miq.
    = Memecylon paniculatum Jack
    270.2
    Memecylon heteropleurum Blume
    = Memecylon excelsum Blume
    270.3
    Memecylon laevigatum Blume
    = Memecylon lilacinum Zoll. & Moritzi
    270.4
    Memecylon myrsinoides Blume
    = Memecylon lilacinum Zoll. & Moritzi
    270.5
    Memecylon tenuifolium Ridl.
    = Memecylon fruticosum King
    271. Merremia (Convolvulaceae)
    271.1
    Merremia hastata Hall. f.
    = Xenostegia tridentata (L.) D.F. Austin & Staples
    272. Mesoptera (Rubiaceae)
    272.1
    Mesoptera maingayi Hook. f.
    207

    = Psydrax maingayi (Hook. f.) Bridson


    273. Mezoneuron (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    273.1
    Mezoneuron sumatranum W. & A.
    = Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxb.
    274. Mezzettia (Annonaceae)
    274.1
    Mezzettia herveyana Oliv.
    = Mezzettia parviflora Becc.
    274.2
    Mezzettia leptopoda Oliv.
    = Mezzettia parviflora Becc.
    275. Micrechites (Apocynaceae)
    275.1
    Micrechites tenuifolia Ridl.
    = Ichnocarpus serpyllifolius (Blume) P.I. Forst.
    276. Microglossa (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    276.1
    Microglossa volubilis DC.
    = Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze
    277. Microstemon (Anacardiaceae)
    277.1
    Microstemon curtisii King
    = Pentaspadon curtisii (King) Corner
    277.2
    Microstemon velutina Engl.
    = Pentaspadon velutinus Hook. f.
    278. Microtropis (Celastraceae)
    278.1
    Microtropis filiformis King
    = Microtropis bivalvis (Jack) Wall.
    279. Millettia (Fabaceae/Leguminosae)
    279.1
    Millettia albiflora Prain
    = Fordia albiflora (Prain) Dasuki & Schot
    279.2
    Millettia unifoliata Prain
    = Fordia unifoliata (Prain) Dasuki & Schot
    280. Mimosa (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    280.1
    Mimosa invisa Mart.
    = Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright ex Sauvalle
    280.2
    Mimosa sepiaria Benth.
    = Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze
    281. Mischocarpus (Sapindaceae)
    281.1
    Mischocarpus lessertianus Ridl.
    = Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume
    281.2
    Mischocarpus sumatranus Blume
    = Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk.
    282. Mitrephora (Annonaceae)
    282.1
    Mitrephora macrophylla Oliv.
    = Pseuduvaria macrophylla (Oliv.) Merr.
    283. Mnesithea (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    208

    283.1
    Mnesithea pubescens Ridl.
    = Mnesithea mollicoma (Hance) A. Camus
    284. Moschosma (Lamiaceae)
    284.1
    Moschosma polystachyum Benth.
    = Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench
    285. Musa (Musaceae)
    285.1
    Musa malaccensis Ridl.
    = Musa acuminata Colla
    286. Myrica (Myricaceae)
    286.1
    Myrica farquhariana Wall.
    = Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham.
    287. Myrsine (Myrsinaceae)
    287.1
    Myrsine porteriana Wall.
    = Rapanea porteriana Wall. ex A. DC.
    288. Nenga (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    288.1
    Nenga wendlandiana Scheff.
    = Nenga pumila (Mart.) H. Wendl.
    289. Nephelium (Sapindaceae)
    289.1
    Nephelium caudifolium Ridl.
    = Nephelium laurinum Blume
    289.2
    Nephelium eriopetalum Miq.
    = Nephelium cuspidatum Blume
    289.3
    Nephelium glabrum Noronha
    = Nephelium lappaceum L.
    289.4
    Nephelium longana Camb.
    = Dimocarpus longan Lour.
    289.5
    Nephelium malaiense Griff.
    = Dimocarpus longan Lour.
    289.6
    Nephelium mutabile Blume
    = Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
    289.7
    Nephelium rubescens Hiern
    = Nephelium laurinum Blume
    290. Neuwiedia (Orchidaceae)
    290.1
    Neuwiedia lindleyi Rolfe
    = Neuwiedia veratrifolia Blume
    291. Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae)
    291.1
    Nymphaea lotus Linn.
    = Nymphaea pubescens Willd.
    291.2
    Nymphaea stellata Willd.
    = Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f.
    292. Oberonia (Orchidaceae)
    292.1
    Oberonia anceps Lindl.
    209

    = Oberonia lycopodioides (K.D. Koenig) Ormerod


    293. Ochlandra (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    293.1
    Ochlandra ridleyi Gamble
    = Schizostachyum latifolium Gamble
    294. Ochrosia (Apocynaceae)
    294.1
    Ochrosia oppositifolia K. Schum.
    = Neisosperma oppositifolium (Lam.) Fosberg & Sachet
    295. Ocimum (Lamiaceae)
    295.1
    Ocimum canum Sims
    = Ocimum americanum L.
    295.2
    Ocimum sanctum Linn.
    = Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
    296. Olax (Olacaceae)
    296.1
    Olax scandens Roxb.
    = Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl
    297. Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae)
    297.1
    Oldenlandia corymbosa L.
    = Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.
    297.2
    Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb.
    = Hedyotis diffusa Willd.
    297.3
    Oldenlandia herbacea Linn.
    = Hedyotis herbacea L.
    298. Olea (Oleaceae)
    298.1
    Olea maritima Wall.
    = Olea brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
    298.2
    Olea penangiana Ridl.
    = Olea dentata Wall. ex DC.
    299. Orania (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    299.1
    Orania macrocladus Mart.
    = Orania sylvicola (Griff.) H.E. Moore
    300. Ormocarpum (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    300.1
    Ormocarpum glabrum Teijsm.
    = Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr.
    301. Ormosia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    301.1
    Ormosia microsperma Baker
    = Ormosia sumatrana (Miq.) Prain
    302. Orophea (Annonaceae)
    302.1
    Orophea setosa King
    = Pseuduvaria setosa (King) J. Sinclair
    303. Oryza (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    303.1
    Oryza fatua Koenig
    = Oryza rufipogon Griff.
    210

    304. Otophora (Sapindaceae)


    304.1
    Otophora erythrocalyx Hiern
    = Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh.
    304.2
    Otophora imbricata Blume
    = Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh.
    304.3
    Otophora resecta Radlk.
    = Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh.
    305. Oxymitra (Annonaceae)
    305.1
    Oxymitra affinis Hook. f.
    = Friesodielsia affinis (Hook. f. & Thomson) D. Das
    305.2
    Oxymitra biglandulosa Scheff.
    = Friesodielsia biglandulosa (Blume) Steenis
    305.3
    Oxymitra latifolia Hook. f.
    = Friesodielsia latifolia (Hook. f. & Thomson) Steenis
    306. Oxytenanthera (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    306.1
    Oxytenanthera sinuata Gamble
    = Dendrocalamus sinuatus (Gamble) Holttum
    307. Pachycentria (Melastomataceae)
    307.1
    Pachycentria tuberculata Korth.
    = Pachycentria constricta (Blume) Blume
    308. Padbruggea (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    308.1
    Padbruggea dasyphylla Miq.
    = Callerya dasyphylla (Miq.) Schot
    309. Paederia (Rubiaceae)
    309.1
    Paederia tomentosa Blume
    = Paederia foetida L.
    310. Pajanelia (Bignoniaceae)
    310.1
    Pajanelia multijuga DC.
    = Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K.Schum.
    311. Pandanus (Pandanaceae)
    311.1
    Pandanus aurantiacus Ridl.
    = Pandanus affinis Kurz
    311.2
    Pandanus ovatus Kurz
    = Pandanus humilis Lour.
    312. Panicum (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    312.1
    Panicum montanum Roxb.
    = Panicum notatum Retz.
    313. Paraboea (Gesneriaceae)
    313.1
    Paraboea cordata Ridl.
    = Didymocarpus cordatus A. DC.
    314. Parinarium (Chrysobalanaceae)
    314.1
    Parinarium asperulum Miq
    211

    = Atuna racemosa Raf.


    314.2
    Parinarium griffithianum Benth.
    = Maranthes corymbosa Blume
    315. Parishia (Anacardiaceae)
    315.1
    Parishia pubescens Hook. f.
    = Parishia insignis Hook. f.
    316. Parkia (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    316.1
    Parkia javanica Merr.
    = Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.
    317. Payena (Sapotaceae)
    317.1
    Payena havilandii King & Gamble
    = Payena obscura Burck
    317.2
    Payena selangorica King & Gamble
    = Madhuca selangorica (King & Gamble) J. Sinclair
    317.3
    Payena sessilis King & Gamble
    = Madhuca sessilis (King & Gamble) Baehni
    318. Pentace (Tiliaceae)
    318.1
    Pentace kunstleri King
    = Pentace perakensis King
    319. Pentacme (Dipterocarpaceae)
    319.1
    Pentacme siamensis Kurz
    = Shorea siamensis Miq.
    320. Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae)
    320.1
    Pentaphragma scortechinii King & Gamble
    = Pentaphragma horsfieldii (Miq.) Airy Shaw
    321. Pentaspadon (Anacardiaceae)
    321.1
    Pentaspadon officinalis Holmes
    = Pentaspadon motleyi Hook. f.
    322. Petunga (Rubiaceae)
    322.1
    Petunga venulosa Hook. f.
    = Hypobathrum venulosum (Hook. f.) K.M. Wong
    323. Phaeanthus (Annonaceae)
    323.1
    Phaeanthus nutans Hook. f.
    = Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxb. ex G. Don) J. Sinclair
    324. Phaeomeria (Zingiberaceae)
    324.1
    Phaeomeria speciosa Koord.
    = Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm.
    325. Phaius (Orchidaceae)
    325.1
    Phaius wallichii Lindl.
    = Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex lHer.) Blume
    326. Phaseolus (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    326.1
    Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb.
    212

    = Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi


    327. Phoebe (Lauraceae)
    327.1
    Phoebe declinata Nees
    = Persea declinata (Blume) Kosterm.
    327.2
    Phoebe kunstleri Gamble
    = Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr.
    327.3
    Phoebe macrophylla Blume
    = Phoebe elliptica Blume
    327.4
    Phoebe opaca Blume
    = Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr.
    328. Phrynium (Marantaceae)
    328.1
    Phrynium capitatum Willd.
    = Phrynium pubinerve Blume
    328.2
    Phrynium malaccense Ridl.
    = Phrynium pubinerve Blume
    329. Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)
    329.1
    Phyllanthus frondosus Wall.
    = Phyllanthus oxyphyllus Miq.
    330. Phyllochlamys (Moraceae)
    330.1
    Phyllochlamys wallichii Hook. f.
    = Streblus taxoides (K. Heyne) Kurz
    331. Physostelma (Asclepiadaceae)
    331.1
    Physostelma wallichii Wight
    = Hoya campanulata Blume
    332. Piper (Piperaceae)
    332.1
    Piper malaccense C. DC.
    = Piper protractum C. DC.
    332.2
    Piper miniatum Blume
    = Piper macropiper Pennant
    333. Pipturus (Urticaceae)
    333.1
    Pipturus mollissimus Wedd.
    = Nothocnide mollissima (Blume) Chew
    334. Pisonia (Nyctaginaceae)
    334.1
    Pisonia excelsa Blume
    = Pisonia umbellifera (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Seem.
    335. Pithecellobium (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    335.1
    Pithecellobium affine Baker
    = Archidendron globosum (Blume) I.C. Nielsen
    335.2
    Pithecellobium angulatum Benth.
    = Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
    335.3
    Pithecellobium bubalinum Benth.
    = Archidendron bubalinum (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
    213

    335.4
    Pithecellobium clypearia Benth.
    = Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
    335.5
    Pithecellobium confertum Benth.
    = Albizia splendens Miq.
    335.6
    Pithecellobium contortum Mart.
    = Archidendron contortum (Martelli) I.C. Nielsen
    335.7
    Pithecellobium ellipticum Hassk.
    = Archidendron ellipticum (Blume) I.C. Nielsen
    335.8
    Pithecellobium jiringa Prain
    = Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
    335.9
    Pithecellobium kunstleri Prain
    = Archidendron kunstleri (Prain) I.C. Nielsen
    335.10
    Pithecellobium microcarpum Benth.
    = Archidendron microcarpum (Benth.) I.C. Nielsen
    336. Planchonella (Sapotaceae)
    336.1
    Planchonella firma Dubard
    = Pouteria firma (Miq.) Baehni
    336.2
    Planchonella obovata H. J. Lam
    = Pouteria obovata (R.Br.) Baehni
    337. Plectocomia (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    337.1
    Plectocomia griffithii Becc.
    = Plectocomia elongata Mart. ex Blume
    338. Plectocomiopsis (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    338.1
    Plectocomiopsis scortechinii Ridl.
    = Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) J. Dransf.
    339. Pleurostylia (Celastraceae)
    339.1
    Pleurostylia wightii Wight & Arn.
    = Pleurostylia opposita (Wall.) Alston
    340. Plocoglottis (Orchidaceae)
    340.1
    Plocoglottis foetida Ridl.
    = Plocoglottis gigantea (Hook.) J.J.Sm.
    340.2
    Plocoglottis porphyrophylla Ridl.
    = Plocoglottis lowii Rchb. f.
    341. Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae)
    341.1
    Podocarpus blumei Endl.
    = Nageia wallichiana (Presl) Kuntze
    341.2
    Podocarpus imbricatus Blume
    = Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.
    342. Pollia (Commelinaceae)
    342.1
    Pollia sorzogonensis Endl
    = Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Backer
    343. Pollinia (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    214

    343.1
    Pollinia ciliata Trin.
    = Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus
    343.2
    Pollinia grata Hack
    = Microstegium vagans (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus
    344. Polyalthia (Annonaceae)
    344.1
    Polyalthia beccarii King
    = Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f. & Thomson
    344.2
    Polyalthia canangioides Boerl.
    = Polyalthia rumphii (Blume) Merr.
    344.3
    Polyalthia desmantha Ridl.
    = Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f. & Thomson
    344.4
    Polyalthia kunstleri King
    = Polyalthia rumphii (Blume) Merr.
    344.5
    Polyalthia scortechinii King
    = Polyalthia rumphii (Blume) Merr.
    345. Polygala (Polygalaceae)
    345.1
    Polygala brachystachya Blume
    = Polygala glaucoides L.
    346. Polygonum (Polygonaceae)
    346.1
    Polygonum barbatum Linn.
    = Persicaria barbata (L.) H. Hara
    346.2
    Polygonum chinense Linn.
    = Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross
    346.3
    Polygonum dichotomum Blume
    = Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam.
    346.4
    Polygonum hydropiper Linn.
    = Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach
    346.5
    Polygonum minus Huds.
    = Persicaria tenella (Blume) H. Hara
    346.6
    Polygonum orientale Linn.
    = Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach
    346.7
    Polygonum pubescens Blume
    = Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H. Hara
    346.8
    Polygonum pulchrum Blume
    = Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soj k
    347. Polytrema (Acanthaceae)
    347.1
    Polytrema vulgare C. B. Clarke
    = Ptyssiglottis kunthiana (Nees) B. Hansen
    348. Pometia (Sapindaceae)
    348.1
    Pometia alnifolia Radlk.
    = Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
    348.2
    Pometia macrocarpa Kurz
    215

    = Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.


    349. Popowia (Annonaceae)
    349.1
    Popowia foetida Maing.
    = Neo-uvaria foetida (Maingay ex Hook. f. & Thomson)

    Airy Shaw
    349.2
    Popowia nervifolia Maing.
    = Trivalvaria macrophylla (Blume) Miq.
    349.3
    Popowia nervosa Ridl.
    = Trivalvaria nervosa (Hook. f. & Thomson) J. Sinclair
    349.4
    Popowia ramosissima Hook. f.
    = Popowia pisocarpa (Blume) Endl.
    350. Pothos (Araceae)
    350.1
    Pothos latifolius Hook. f.
    = Pothos peninsularis Alderw.
    351. Pouzolzia (Urticaceae)
    351.1
    Pouzolzia viminea Wedd.
    = Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merr.
    352. Premna (Verbenaceae)
    352.1
    Premna integrifolia Linn.
    = Premna serratifolia L.
    352.2
    Premna trichostoma Miq.
    = Premna parasitica Blume
    353. Preptanthe (Orchidaceae)
    353.1
    Preptanthe rubens Ridl.
    = Calanthe rubens Ridl.
    354. Prismatomeris (Rubiaceae)
    354.1
    Prismatomeris malayana Ridl.
    = Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum.
    355. Procris (Urticaceae)
    355.1
    Procris laevigata Blume
    = Procris pedunculata (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Wedd.
    356. Prunus (Rosaceae)
    356.1
    Prunus martabanica Wall.
    = Prunus javanica (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq.
    357. Psychotria (Rubiaceae)
    357.1
    Psychotria stipulacea Wall.
    = Psychotria malayana Jack
    358. Pteleocarpa (Boraginaceae)
    358.1
    Pteleocarpa malaccensis Oliv.
    = Pteleocarpa lamponga (Miq.) Bakh. ex Heyne
    359. Pterisanthes (Vitaceae)
    359.1
    Pterisanthes coriacea Korth.
    216

    = Pterisanthes polita (Miq.) Lawson


    360. Pternandra (Melastomataceae)
    360.1
    Pternandra capitellata Jack
    = Pternandra coerulescens Jack
    360.2
    Pternandra paniculata Benth.
    = Pternandra tuberculata (Korth.) M.P. Nayar
    361. Pterocymbium (Sterculiaceae)
    361.1
    Pterocymbium javanicum R. Br.
    = Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr.
    362. Ptychoraphis (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    362.1
    Ptychoraphis singaporensis Becc.
    = Rhopaloblaste singaporensis (Becc.) Hook. f.
    363. Pygeum (Rosaceae)
    363.1
    Pygeum griffithii Hook. f.
    = Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman
    363.2
    Pygeum lanceolatum Hook. f.
    = Prunus grisea (Blume) Kalkman
    363.3
    Pygeum parviflorum Teijsm. & Binn.
    = Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman
    363.4
    Pygeum persimile Kurz
    = Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman
    363.5
    Pygeum polystachyum Hook. f.
    = Prunus polystachya (Hook. f.) Kalkman
    364. Pyrus (Rosaceae)
    364.1
    Pyrus granulosa Bertol.
    = Sorbus corymbifera (Miq.) Khep & Yakovlev
    365. Quercus (Fagaceae)
    365.1
    Quercus turbinata Blume
    = Quercus gemelliflora Blume
    366. Quisqualis (Combretaceae)
    366.1
    Quisqualis densiflora Wall.
    = Quisqualis conferta (Jack) Exell
    367. Randia (Rubiaceae)
    367.1
    Randia auriculata K.Schum.
    = Aidia auriculata (Wall.) Ridsdale
    367.2
    Randia clarkei King & Gamble
    = Oxyceros scandens (Blume) Tirveng.
    367.3
    Randia fasciculata DC.
    = Fagerlindia fasciculata (Roxb.) Tirveng.
    367.4
    Randia longiflora Lam.
    = Oxyceros longiflora (Lam.) T. Yamaz.
    367.5
    Randia macrophylla Hook. f.
    217

    = Rothmannia macrophylla (R.Br. ex Hook. f.) Bremek.


    367.6
    Randia oocarpa Ridl.
    = Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.
    367.7
    Randia penangiana King & Gamble
    = Oxyceros penangiana (King & Gamble) Tirveng.
    367.8
    Randia tomentosa Hook. f.
    = Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC.) Tirveng.
    368. Rauwenhoffia (Annonaceae)
    368.1
    Rauwenhoffia siamensis Scheff.
    = Melodorum siamense (Scheff.) Bn
    369. Renanthera (Orchidaceae)
    369.1
    Renanthera matutina Lindl.
    = Renanthera angustifolia Hook. f.
    370. Rennellia (Rubiaceae)
    370.1
    Rennellia paniculata King & Gamble
    = Rennellia morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl.
    371. Rhus (Anacardiaceae)
    371.1
    Rhus perakensis Scort.
    = Rhus nodosa Blume
    372. Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae)
    372.1
    Rhynchospora wallichiana Kunth
    = Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino
    373. Roucheria (Linaceae)
    373.1
    Roucheria griffithiana Planch.
    = Indorouchera griffithiana (Planch.) Hallier f.
    374. Saccolabium (Orchidaceae)
    374.1
    Saccolabium secundum Ridl.
    = Cleisostoma subulatum Blume
    375. Salacia (Celastraceae)
    375.1
    Salacia flavescens Kurz
    = Salacia macrophylla Blume
    375.2
    Salacia latifolia Wall.
    = Salacia chinensis L.
    375.3
    Salacia prinoides DC.
    = Salacia chinensis L.
    376. Samadera (Simaroubaceae)
    376.1
    Samadera indica Gaertn.
    = Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Noot.
    377. Sandoricum (Meliaceae)
    377.1
    Sandoricum emarginatum Hiern
    = Sandoricum beccarianum Baill.
    377.2
    Sandoricum indicum Cav.
    218

    = Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.


    377.3
    Sandoricum nervosum Blume
    = Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
    378. Santiria (Burseraceae)
    378.1
    Santiria fasciculata Benn.
    = Dacryodes puberula (Benn.) H.J. Lam
    378.2
    Santiria laxa King
    = Dacryodes laxa (Benn.) H.J. Lam
    378.3
    Santiria longifolia King
    = Dacryodes longifolia (King) H.J. Lam
    379. Saraca (Fabaceae/Leguminosae)
    379.1
    Saraca bijuga Prain
    = Saraca indica L.
    379.2
    Saraca thaipingensis Cantley
    = Saraca cauliflora Baker
    380. Saurauia (Actinidiaceae)
    380.1
    Saurauia cauliflora Blume
    = Saurauia leprosa Korth.
    380.2
    Saurauia tristyla DC.
    = Saurauia fragrans Hoogland
    381. Sauropus (Euphorbiaceae)
    381.1
    Sauropus parvifolius Ridl.
    = Sauropus brevipes Mll.Arg.
    382. Scaphium (Sterculiaceae)
    382.1
    Scaphium affine Pierre
    = Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beume ex Heyne
    383. Schefflera (Araliaceae)
    383.1
    Schefflera affinis Ridl.
    = Schefflera simulans Craib
    383.2
    Schefflera subulata Ridl.
    = Schefflera oxyphylla (Miq.) R. Vig.
    384. Schima (Theaceae)
    384.1
    Schima noronhae Reinw.
    = Schima monticola Kurz
    385. Scirpus (Cyperaceae)
    385.1
    Scirpus grossus Linn.
    = Actinoscirpus grossus (L. f.) Goetghebeur & D.A.

    Simpson
    385.2
    Scirpus mucronatus Linn.
    = Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla
    386. Scleria (Cyperaceae)
    386.1
    Scleria bancana Miq
    219

    = Scleria ciliaris Nees


    386.2
    Scleria hebecarpa Nees
    = Scleria levis Retz.
    386.3
    Scleria oryzoides Presl
    = Scleria poaeformis Retz.
    387. Scleropyrum (Santalaceae)
    387.1
    Scleropyrum maingayi Hook. f.
    = Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb.
    388. Sclerostachya (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    388.1
    Sclerostachya ridleyi Stapf
    = Miscanthus ridleyi (Hack.) I.M. Turner
    389. Scolopia (Flacourtiaceae)
    389.1
    Scolopia rhinanthera Clos
    = Scolopia macrophylla (Wight & Arn.) Clos
    390. Secamone (Asclepiadaceae)
    390.1
    Secamone micrantha Decne.
    = Secamone elliptica R.Br.
    391. Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae)
    391.1
    Shorea barbata Brandis
    = Shorea maxwelliana King
    391.2
    Shorea costata King
    = Shorea submontana Symington
    391.3
    Shorea globifera Ridl.
    = Shorea assamica Dyer
    391.4
    Shorea palustris Ridl.
    = Shorea platycarpa F. Heim
    391.5
    Shorea ridleyana King
    = Shorea faguetiana F. Heim
    391.6
    Shorea scutulata King
    = Shorea parvifolia Dyer
    391.7
    Shorea sericea Dyer
    = Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Blume
    391.8
    Shorea utilis King
    = Shorea maxwelliana King
    392. Sindora (Leguminosae/Fabaceae)
    392.1
    Sindora intermedia Baker
    = Sindora wallichii Grah. ex Benth.
    393. Smilax (Smilacaceae)
    393.1
    Smilax barbata Wall.
    = Smilax setosa Miq.
    393.2
    Smilax helferi A. DC.
    = Smilax luzonensis Presl
    220

    394. Smythea (Rhamnaceae)


    394.1
    Smythea pacifica Seem.
    = Smythea lanceata (Tul.) Summerh.
    395. Solanum (Solanaceae)
    395.1
    Solanum blumei Nees
    = Lycianthes laevis (Dunal) Bitter
    395.2
    Solanum ferox Linn.
    = Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal
    395.3
    Solanum sarmentosum Nees
    = Solanum maingayi Kuntze
    396. Sonerila (Melastomataceae)
    396.1
    Sonerila begoniifolia Blume
    = Sonerila moluccana Roxb.
    397. Sorghum (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    397.1
    Sorghum affine Camus
    = Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc.
    398. Sparganophorus (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    398.1
    Sparganophorus vaillantii Gaertn.
    = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze
    399. Sphaerocoryne (Annonaceae)
    399.1
    Sphaerocoryne aberrans Ridl.
    = Melodorum aberrans (Maingay ex Hook. f. &

    Thomson) J. Sinclair
    400. Spilanthes (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    400.1
    Spilanthes acmella Murr.
    = Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass.
    401. Stachyphrynium (Marantaceae)
    401.1
    Stachyphrynium parvum Ridl.
    = Phrynium parvum (Ridl.) Holttum
    402. Staurogyne (Acanthaceae)
    402.1
    Staurogyne comosa Kuntze
    = Staurogyne cremostachya Bremek.
    403. Stauropsis (Orchidaceae)
    403.1
    Stauropsis gigantea Benth.
    = Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitz.
    404. Stemmatodaphne (Lauraceae)
    404.1
    Stemmatodaphne perakensis Gamble
    = Alseodaphne perakensis (Gamble) Kosterm.
    405. Stemonurus (Icacinaceae)
    405.1
    Stemonurus capitatus Becc.
    = Stemonurus malaccensis (Mast.) Sleumer
    406. Stephania (Menispermaceae)
    221

    406.1
    Stephania hernandiifolia Walp.
    = Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers
    406.2
    Stephania rotunda Lour.
    = Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng.
    407. Sterculia (Sterculiaceae)
    407.1
    Sterculia javanica R. Br.
    = Sterculia cordata Blume
    407.2
    Sterculia laevis Wall.
    = Sterculia coccinea Jack
    408. Strombosia (Olacaceae)
    408.1
    Strombosia rotundifolia King
    = Strombosia ceylanica Gardn.
    409. Strophanthus (Apocynaceae)
    409.1
    Strophanthus jackianus Wall.
    = Wrightia dubia (Sims) Spreng.
    410. Strychnos (Loganiaceae)
    410.1
    Strychnos malaccensis Benth.
    = Strychnos axillaris Colebr.
    410.2
    Strychnos ovalifolia Wall.
    = Strychnos ignatii Berg.
    410.3
    Strychnos penicillata A. W. Hill
    = Strychnos axillaris Colebr.
    410.4
    Strychnos pubescens C. B. Clarke
    = Strychnos axillaris Colebr.
    410.5
    Strychnos scortechinii A. W. Hill
    = Strychnos axillaris Colebr.
    411. Stylocoryna (Rubiaceae)
    411.1
    Stylocoryna costata Miq.
    = Tarenna costata (Miq.) Merr.
    411.2
    Stylocoryna fragrans Blume
    = Tarenna sumatrensis (Roth) Bremek.
    411.3
    Stylocoryna mollis Wall.
    = Tarenna mollis (Wall. ex Hook. f.) B.L. Rob.
    412. Susum (Hanguanaceae)
    412.1
    Susum malayanum Planch.
    = Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr.
    413. Symplocos (Symplocaceae)
    413.1
    Symplocos penangiana King & Gamble
    = Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke
    413.2
    Symplocos perakensis King & Gamble
    = Symplocos ophirensis C.B. Clarke
    413.3
    Symplocos rigida C. B. Clarke
    222

    = Symplocos barringtoniifolia Brand


    413.4
    Symplocos spicata Roxb.
    = Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore
    414. Tacca (Taccaceae)
    414.1
    Tacca cristata Jack
    = Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl.
    414.2
    Tacca pinnatifida Forst.
    = Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
    415. Tarenna (Rubiaceae)
    415.1
    Tarenna grandifolia Ridl.
    = Tarenna odorata (Roxb.) B.L. Rob.
    415.2
    Tarenna napieri Ridl.
    = Pavetta napieri (Ridl.) Bremek.
    416. Tarrietia (Sterculiaceae)
    416.1
    Tarrietia simplicifolia Masters
    = Heritiera simplicifolia (Mast.) Kosterm.
    416.2
    Tarrietia unifoliolata Ridl.
    = Heritiera borneensis (Merr.) Kosterm.
    417. Terminalia (Combretaceae)
    417.1
    Terminalia bialata Steud.
    = Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
    418. Tetractomia (Rutaceae)
    418.1
    Tetractomia roxburghii Hook. f.
    = Tetractomia tetrandum (Roxb.) Merr.
    419. Teysmannia (Arecaceae/Palmae)
    419.1
    Teysmannia altifrons Miq.
    = Johannesteijsmanni altifrons
    420. Thecostele (Orchidaceae)
    420.1
    Thecostele maculosa Ridl.
    = Thecostele alata (Roxb.) C.S.P. Parish & Rchb. f.
    420.2
    Thecostele zollingeri Reichb. f.
    = Thecostele alata (Roxb.) C.S.P. Parish & Rchb. f.
    421. Thoracostachyum (Cyperaceae)
    421.1
    Thoracostachyum bancanum Kurz
    = Mapania bancana (Miq.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.

    Jacks.
    422. Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae)
    422.1
    Thrixspermum lilacinum Reichb. f.
    = Thrixspermum amplexicaule (Blume) Rchb. f.
    423. Thuarea (Poaceae/Gramineae)
    423.1
    Thuarea sarmentosa Pers.
    = Thuarea involuta (G. Forst.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
    223

    424. Thunbergia (Acanthaceae)


    424.1
    Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.
    = Thunbergia crispula Bremek.
    425. Thysanolaena (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    425.1
    Thysanolaena maxima Kuntze
    = Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda
    426. Timonius (Rubiaceae)
    426.1
    Timonius finlaysonianus Hook. f.
    = Timonius compressicaulis (Miq.) Boerl.
    426.2
    Timonius peduncularis Ridl.
    = Timonius flavescens (Jack) Baker
    427. Torenia (Scrophulariaceae)
    427.1
    Torenia peduncularis Benth.
    = Torenia violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell
    428. Tournefortia (Boraginaceae)
    428.1
    Tournefortia argentea Linn. f.
    = Argusia argentea (L. f.) Heine
    429. Tragia (Euphorbiaceae)
    429.1
    Tragia laevis Ridl.
    = Cnesmone laevis (Ridl.) Airy Shaw
    430. Trema (Ulmaceae)
    430.1
    Trema virgata Blume
    = Trema cannabina Lour.
    431. Trevesia (Araliaceae)
    431.1
    Trevesia cheirantha Ridl.
    = Trevesia burckii Boerl.
    432. Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae)
    432.1
    Trichomanes javanicum Blume
    = Cephalomanes javanicum (Blume) Bosch
    433. Trichospermum (Tiliaceae)
    433.1
    Trichospermum kurzii King
    = Trichospermum javanicum Blume
    434. Trigonochlamys (Burseraceae)
    434.1
    Trigonochlamys griffithii Hook. f.
    = Santiria griffithii (Hook. f.) Engl.
    435. Triraphis (Gramineae/Poaceae)
    435.1
    Triraphis madagascariensis Hook. f.
    = Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard
    436. Tristania (Myrtaceae)
    436.1
    Tristania maingayi Duthie
    = Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T.
    Waterh.
    224

    436.2
    Tristania merguensis Griff.
    = Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T.
    Waterh.
    437. Tristira (Sapindaceae)
    437.1
    Tristira penangensis Ridl.
    = Glenniea penangensis (Ridl.) Leenh.
    438. Triumfetta (Tiliaceae)
    438.1
    Triumfetta bartramia L.
    = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
    439. Turnera (Turneraceae)
    439.1
    Turnera trioniflora Sims
    = Turnera subulata Sm.
    440. Tylophora (Asclepiadaceae)
    440.1
    Tylophora asthmatica Wight & Arn.
    = Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
    440.2
    Tylophora tenuis Blume
    = Tylophora flexuosa R. Br.
    441. Uncaria (Rubiaceae)
    441.1
    Uncaria ferrea DC.
    = Uncaria lanosa Wall.
    441.2
    Uncaria glabrata DC.
    = Uncaria lanosa Wall.
    441.3
    Uncaria jasminiflora Hook. f.
    = Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth.
    442. Urceola (Apocynaceae)
    442.1
    Urceola malaccensis Hook. f.
    = Urceola torulosa Hook. f.
    443. Uvaria (Annonaceae)
    443.1
    Uvaria macrophylla Roxb.
    = Uvaria cordata (Dunal) Alston
    443.2
    Uvaria micrantha Hook. f.
    = Cyathostemma micranthum (A. DC.) J. Sinclair
    443.3
    Uvaria purpurea Blume
    = Uvaria grandiflora Roxb. ex Hornem.
    443.4
    Uvaria ridleyi King
    = Uvaria rufa Blume
    444. Vaccinium (Ericaceae)
    444.1
    Vaccinium hasseltii Miq.
    = Vaccinium littoreum Miq.
    444.2
    Vaccinium malaccense Wight
    = Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.
    445. Vallaris (Apocynaceae)
    225

    445.1
    Vallaris maingayi Hook. f.
    = Kibatalia maingayi (Hook. f.) Woodson
    446. Vanda (Orchidaceae)
    446.1
    Vanda hookeriana Reichb. f.
    = Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb. f.) Schltr.
    447. Vatica (Dipterocarpaceae)
    447.1
    Vatica wallichii Dyer
    = Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume
    448. Vernonia (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    448.1
    Vernonia javanica DC.
    = Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham
    448.2
    Vernonia wallichii Ridl.
    = Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham
    449. Viscum (Viscaceae)
    449.1
    Viscum orientale Willd.
    = Viscum ovalifolium Wall. ex DC.
    450. Vitex (Verbenaceae)
    450.1
    Vitex coriacea C. B. Clarke
    = Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum (C.B. Clarke) Kosterm.
    450.2
    Vitex peralata King
    = Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh.
    450.3
    Vitex pteropoda Miq.
    = Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh.
    450.4
    Vitex pubescens Vahl
    = Vitex pinnata L.
    451. Vitis (Vitaceae)
    451.1
    Vitis cinnamomea Wall.
    = Ampelocissus cinnamomea (Wall.) Planch.
    451.2
    Vitis diffusa Miq.
    = Cissus repens Lam.
    451.3
    Vitis discolor Dalz.
    = Cissus javana DC.
    451.4
    Vitis elegans Kurz
    = Ampelocissus elegans (Kurz) Gagnep.
    451.5
    Vitis glaberrima Wall.
    = Cissus nodosa Blume
    451.6
    Vitis gracilis Wall.
    = Ampelocissus gracilis (Wall.) Planch.
    451.7
    Vitis hastata Miq.
    = Cissus hastata Miq.
    451.8
    Vitis japonica Thunb.
    = Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep.
    226

    451.9
    Vitis lawsoni King
    = Tetrastigma latiffii Veldk.
    451.10
    Vitis martini hort.
    = Ampelocissus martini Planch.
    451.11
    Vitis mollissima Wall.
    = Cayratia mollissima (Wall.) Gagnep.
    451.12
    Vitis novemfolia Wall.
    = Cayratia novemfolia (Wall. ex Lawson) Burkill ex

    A.W. Hill
    451.13
    Vitis peduncularis Wall.
    = Tetrastigma pedunculare (Wall. ex Lawson) Planch.
    451.14
    Vitis polystachya Wall.
    = Ampelocissus polystachya (Wall.) Planch.
    451.15
    Vitis repens Wight & Arn.
    = Cissus repens Lam.
    451.16
    Vitis trifolia Linn.
    = Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin
    451.17
    Vitis wrayi King
    = Cayratia wrayi (King) Gagnep.
    452. Walsura (Meliaceae)
    452.1
    Walsura multijuga King
    = Pseudoclausena chrysogyne (Miq.) T.P. Clark
    453. Wedelia (Compositae/Asteraceae)
    453.1
    Wedelia biflora DC.
    = Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC.
    454. Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae)
    454.1
    Weinmannia blumei Planch.
    = Weinmannia fraxinea (D. Don) Miq.
    455. Wikstroemia (Thymelaeaceae)
    455.1
    Wikstroemia viridiflora Meissn.
    = Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey.
    456. Willughbeia (Apocynaceae)
    456.1
    Willughbeia coriacea Wall.
    = Willughbeia edulis Roxb.
    456.2
    Willughbeia dulcis Ridl.
    = Willughbeia edulis Roxb.
    456.3
    Willughbeia firma Blume
    = Willughbeia edulis Roxb.
    457. Wormia (Dilleniaceae)
    457.1
    Wormia albiflos Ridl.
    = Dillenia albiflos (Ridl.) Hoogl.
    457.2
    Wormia oblonga Wall.
    227

    = Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Gilg


    457.3
    Wormia parviflora Ridl.
    = Dillenia sumatrana Miq.
    457.4
    Wormia pulchella Jack
    = Dillenia pulchella (Jack) Gilg
    457.5
    Wormia subsessilis Miq.
    = Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli
    457.6
    Wormia suffruticosa Griff.
    = Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli
    457.7
    Wormia tomentella Mart.
    = Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Gilg
    458. Wrightia (Apocynaceae)
    458.1
    Wrightia javanica DC.
    = Wrightia pubescens R.Br.
    459. Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae)
    459.1
    Xanthophyllum curtisii King
    = Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) Dietr.
    459.2
    Xanthophyllum glaucum Wall.
    = Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J. Sm.
    459.3
    Xanthophyllum hookerianum King
    = Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) Dietr.
    459.4
    Xanthophyllum kingii Chodat
    = Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. ex Miq.
    459.5
    Xanthophyllum kunstleri King
    = Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) Dietr.
    459.6
    Xanthophyllum verrucosum Chodat
    = Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Miq.
    460. Xerospermum (Sapindaceae)
    460.1
    Xerospermum intermedium Radlk.
    = Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume
    460.2
    Xerospermum wallichii King
    = Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume
    461. Xylopia (Annonaceae)
    461.1
    Xylopia oxyantha Hook. f.
    = Xylopia ferruginea (Hook. f. & Thomson) Hook. f. &
    Thomson
    461.2
    Xylopia ridleyi King
    = Cyathocalyx ridleyi (King) J. Sinclair
    462. Xyris (Xyridaceae)
    462.1
    Xyris anceps Lam.
    = Xyris complanata R.Br.
    463. Zalacca (Palmae/Arecaceae)
    228

    463.1
    Zalacca affinis Blume
    = Salacca affinis Griff.
    463.2
    Zalacca conferta Griff.
    = Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret
    463.3
    Zalacca edulis Reinw.
    = Salacca edulis
    463.4
    Zalacca glabresens Griff.
    = Salacca glabrescens Griff.
    463.5
    Zalacca wallichiana Mart.
    = Salacca wallichiana Mart.
    464. Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae)
    464.1
    Zanthoxylum hirtellum Ridl.
    = Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.

    229

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