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    Basic Emotions

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    Mohamad Shuhmy Shuib
    Many psychologists have proposed theories of basic emotions. The PEN Model suggests emotions arise from personality. Personality disorders often involve problems with emotions, thoughts, and behavior. A table lists theorists' proposed basic emotions and the basis for including them, such as relation to action tendencies, facial expressions, instincts, or being hardwired. Theorists included Arnold, Ekman, Frijda, Gray, Izard, James, McDougall, Mowrer, Oatley, Panksepp, Plutchik, Tomkins, Watson, Weiner, and Graham.

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    Basic Emotions

    Uploaded by

    Mohamad Shuhmy Shuib
    331 views2 pages
    Many psychologists have proposed theories of basic emotions. The PEN Model suggests emotions arise from personality. Personality disorders often involve problems with emotions, thoughts, and behavior. A table lists theorists' proposed basic emotions and the basis for including them, such as relation to action tendencies, facial expressions, instincts, or being hardwired. Theorists included Arnold, Ekman, Frijda, Gray, Izard, James, McDougall, Mowrer, Oatley, Panksepp, Plutchik, Tomkins, Watson, Weiner, and Graham.

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    Many psychologists have proposed theories of basic emotions. The PEN Model suggests emotions arise from personality. Personality disorders often involve problems with emotions, thoughts, and behavior. A table lists theorists' proposed basic emotions and the basis for including them, such as relation to action tendencies, facial expressions, instincts, or being hardwired. Theorists included Arnold, Ekman, Frijda, Gray, Izard, James, McDougall, Mowrer, Oatley, Panksepp, Plutchik, Tomkins, Watson, Weiner, and Graham.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    331 views2 pages

    Basic Emotions

    Uploaded by

    Mohamad Shuhmy Shuib
    Many psychologists have proposed theories of basic emotions. The PEN Model suggests emotions arise from personality. Personality disorders often involve problems with emotions, thoughts, and behavior. A table lists theorists' proposed basic emotions and the basis for including them, such as relation to action tendencies, facial expressions, instincts, or being hardwired. Theorists included Arnold, Ekman, Frijda, Gray, Izard, James, McDougall, Mowrer, Oatley, Panksepp, Plutchik, Tomkins, Watson, Weiner, and Graham.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Basic Emotions

    Many psychologists have claimed that certain emotions are more basic than others, often for very different
    reasons. According to the PEN Model, emotions arise as aspects of a person's personality. Many Personality
    Disorders include problems with emotions, in addition to problems with thoughts and behavior.

    Theorists Table

    Basic Emotions Basis for Inclusion


    Anger, aversion, courage, dejection, desire, despair, fear, hate,
    Arnold Relation to action tendencies
    hope, love, sadness
    Ekman, Friesen, and
    Anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise Universal facial expressions
    Ellsworth
    Frijda Desire, happiness, interest, surprise, wonder, sorrow Forms of action readiness
    Gray Rage and terror, anxiety, joy Hardwired
    Anger, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, guilt, interest, joy,
    Izard Hardwired
    shame, surprise
    James Fear, grief, love, rage Bodily involvement
    Anger, disgust, elation, fear, subjection, tender-emotion,
    McDougall Relation to instincts
    wonder
    Mowrer Pain, pleasure Unlearned emotional states
    Do not require propositional
    Oatley and Johnson-Laird Anger, disgust, anxiety, happiness, sadness
    content
    Panksepp Expectancy, fear, rage, panic Hardwired
    Acceptance, anger, anticipation, disgust, joy, fear, sadness, Relation to adaptive biological
    Plutchik
    surprise processes
    Anger, interest, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, joy, shame,
    Tomkins Density of neural firing
    surprise
    Watson Fear, love, rage Hardwired
    Weiner and Graham Happiness, sadness Attribution independent

    Basic Emotions Basis for Inclusion

    (This table is taken from Ortony and Turner, 1990.)

    Reference
    Ortony, A., & Turner, T. J. (1990). What's basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review, 97, 315-
    331.

    ~ Flip to top ~
    Basic Emotions Links
    Basic Emotions: Papers Elsewhere
    "Controlling Anger--Before It Controls You"
    This paper maintains that uncontrolled anger is harmful, and discusses constructive ways to deal with this
    natural emotion. By the American Psychological Association.
    "The Emotional Brain: Lessons from Fear Conditioning"
    This paper discusses the work of neuroscientist Joseph E. LeDoux on the biological basis of fear. By
    Mary Lynn Hendrix.
    "James, Aristotle, and Sartre on Emotion"
    This page discusses three historically prominent theories of emotion. By Jorge Armony.
    "What Is an Emotion?"
    Here is the full text of the classic article in Mind. By William James.
    "What's Your Emotional Intelligence Quotient?"
    This is an article in the Utne Reader. By Daniel Goleman.
    Basic Emotions: Websites Elsewhere
    Emotion Home Page
    This website is very informative. By Jean-Marc Fellous and Eva Hudlicka.
    Emotion Links on the Web
    This links page is a useful jumping off point. By Galen Bodenhausen.
    Emotions and Disease
    This is an exhibition offered by the National Library of Medicine.
    Emotions and Emotional Intelligence
    This website discusses a hot topic in emotion theory. By Cheri A. Young.
    Geneva Emotion Research Group
    This website on emotion research includes many links. By Tom Johnstone.
    Basic Emotions: Reference Sources
    Emotions
    This entry in the MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences is written by a leading expert. By Keith Oatley.
    Suggested Readings
    A list of suggested readings on this topic is also available. By G. Scott Acton.

    ~ Flip to top ~

    Last modified April 1998


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