1

A parachutist jumps from an aircraft. Some time later, the parachute opens.
Fig. 1.1 is a graph of the vertical speed of the parachutist plotted against time

t.

Fig. 1.1
State what happens at t = 20 s and t = 55 s.
at 20
s .......................................................................................................................
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at 55
s .......................................................................................................................
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[1]
(b) Describe the motion of the parachutist between t = 0 and t = 20 s.
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[2]
(c)
Explain, in terms of the forces acting, why the speed of the parachutist
is constant
between t = 25 s and t = 55 s.
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[2]
(d) Calculate the distance travelled by the parachutist between t = 25 s
and t = 55 s.
(a)

distance = ................................................ [2]

Fig. 2.1 shows a boat stationary in still water in a narrow tunnel.

Fig. 2.1
To move the boat, two men lie on the top of it and push against the
tunnel roof with their legs
They exert a total forwards force of 1680 N on the boat.
(a) The men push the boat 50.0 m to the end of the tunnel. Calculate
the work done
on the boat by the men.

work done = ..................................................

[2]

(b) Explain why the kinetic energy of the boat at the end of the tunnel
is less than
the work done on the boat by the men.
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[2]

3
Fig. 3.1 shows a weather balloon. The balloon is shown partly filled with gas
from a cylinder.

Fig. 3.1
The balloon contains no gas initially. When it is connected to the cylinder, gas
enters the
balloon. The pressure in the cylinder decreases.
(a)

(b)

Explain why the molecules inside the cylinder

(i) exert a large pressure initially,
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[2]
(ii) exert a smaller pressure in the cylinder when the balloon is filled.
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[1]
The volume of the cylinder is 0.0020m3. The pressure inside the
cylinder is initially 200 atmospheres. When the cylinder is connected to
the balloon, the final pressure in the cylinder and the balloon is 1.0
atmosphere.
The temperature of the gas remains constant.

Calculate the final volume of gas in the balloon. State the equation that
you use.

volume = ..............................................
[3]

Liquid air contains a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.The boiling point of

nitrogen is 196 C and the boiling point of oxygen is 183 C. A sample of
liquid air in a beaker is allowed to warm up slowly. Fig. 4.1 shows how the
reading of a thermometer in the beaker varies with time t.

Fig. 4.1
(a)
Describe the two changes of state that occur and state when they
occur.
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[3]
(b)
The liquid air contains 200 g of liquid oxygen and 800 g of liquid
nitrogen.
The specific heat capacity of liquid oxygen is 1.7 J / (g C) and the
specific heat capacity of liquid nitrogen is 2.0 J / (g C).
Calculate the thermal energy needed to warm the liquid from 205 C
to 196 C.
State the formula that you use in your calculation.

energy = ................................................ [4]

Fig. 5.1 is drawn full scale. The focal length of the lens is 3.0 cm.

(a)
image.
(b)

Fig. 5.1
On Fig. 5.1, draw two rays from the top of the object O that meet at the
[2]
(i) Define the term linear magnification.
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[1]
(ii) Determine the magnification produced by the lens in Fig. 5.1.

magnification = ................................................ [1]

(c)

Fig. 5.2 shows a normal eye viewing an object close to it. Fig. 5.3 is a
long-sighted eye viewing an object at the same distance.

Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
Complete Fig. 5.3 to show the rays travelling through the eye.
[1]

Fig. 6.1 shows a coil of wire wound on a cardboard tube.

There is a d.c. current in the coil. The direction of the current is shown in the

key.

(a)

Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw the magnetic field produced by the coil.

[3]
(b)
Fig. 6.2 shows a simple loudspeaker that uses the coil shown in Fig. 6.1
attached to a
paper cone.

Fig. 6.2
The coil is connected to a signal generator.
There is an alternating current of frequency 100 Hz in the coil.
(i) State what is meant by a frequency of 100 Hz.
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[1]
(ii) Describe and explain the movement of the coil.
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[3]

Fig. 7.1 shows an electrical circuit.

Fig. 7.1
(a)
On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow at A to show the direction of flow of the
electrons in the ` wire.
[1]
(b)

State and explain how the potential difference across X varies as the
light shining on it becomes brighter.
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[2]
8
A radioactive rock emits gamma-rays. A teacher plans an experiment to show
a class that
the emission of gamma-rays from the rock is random in time.
(a)

(i) State the apparatus that the teacher needs to detect the gamma-

rays.
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[1]
(ii) State one safety precaution that the teacher must take.
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[1]
(iii) Describe how the experiment is performed.

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[2]
(b) Describe what is meant by a gamma-ray.
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[2]
Fig. 9.1 shows how the currents in a lamp L and in a wire W vary with the
potential difference (p.d.) applied.

(a)

Fig. 9.1
(i) Draw a diagram of the circuit that you would use to take the
readings of current and p.d. for the lamp. State the range you would
choose for the voltmeter.
[5]

(ii) Describe how the resistance of the lamp L varies as the p.d.
increases.
(b)

[1]
(i) Fig. 9.2 shows the lamp L and the wire W connected in series. The
current in the circuit is 0.8 A.

Fig. 9.2
Determine, using the graph or by calculation,
1. the p.d. across L,

2. the p.d. across W,

3. the p.d. of the supply,
4. the resistance of the lamp L in Fig. 9.2.
[5]
(ii) Fig. 9.3 shows the lamp and wire connected in parallel.
A p.d. of 12 V is connected across them.

Fig. 9.3
Determine, using the graph or by calculation,
1. the current IW in the wire W,
2. the current IL in the lamp L,
3. the total current I in the circuit,
4. the resistance of the wire W.
[4]

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