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    Tugas Fisika Batuan 1

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    IrsyadHibatullah
    This document discusses the classification and properties of different rock types. It describes three major rock groups: igneous rocks formed from magma, sedimentary rocks formed from eroded materials, and metamorphic rocks formed from the alteration of igneous and sedimentary rocks under heat and pressure. Each rock group is further divided into subclasses based on composition, texture, and formation process. The document also outlines some general physical properties of rocks that are relevant for characterization, including porosity, strength, density, and electrical and seismic responses.

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    Tugas Fisika Batuan 1

    Uploaded by

    IrsyadHibatullah
    38 views6 pages
    This document discusses the classification and properties of different rock types. It describes three major rock groups: igneous rocks formed from magma, sedimentary rocks formed from eroded materials, and metamorphic rocks formed from the alteration of igneous and sedimentary rocks under heat and pressure. Each rock group is further divided into subclasses based on composition, texture, and formation process. The document also outlines some general physical properties of rocks that are relevant for characterization, including porosity, strength, density, and electrical and seismic responses.

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    This document discusses the classification and properties of different rock types. It describes three major rock groups: igneous rocks formed from magma, sedimentary rocks formed from eroded materials, and metamorphic rocks formed from the alteration of igneous and sedimentary rocks under heat and pressure. Each rock group is further divided into subclasses based on composition, texture, and formation process. The document also outlines some general physical properties of rocks that are relevant for characterization, including porosity, strength, density, and electrical and seismic responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views6 pages

    Tugas Fisika Batuan 1

    Uploaded by

    IrsyadHibatullah
    This document discusses the classification and properties of different rock types. It describes three major rock groups: igneous rocks formed from magma, sedimentary rocks formed from eroded materials, and metamorphic rocks formed from the alteration of igneous and sedimentary rocks under heat and pressure. Each rock group is further divided into subclasses based on composition, texture, and formation process. The document also outlines some general physical properties of rocks that are relevant for characterization, including porosity, strength, density, and electrical and seismic responses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    PHYSICAL ROCKS

    CLASSIFICATION & GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

    NAMA:

    BAGUS WIBISONO (3714100003)


    M. IRSYAD HIBATULLAH (3714100020

    INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER


    SURABAYA
    2015

    There are a lot off rock in this world, but they wer devided into three
    major grpus :
    1. Igneous rocks (magmatites)
    2. Metamorphic rocks (metamorphites)
    3. Sedimentary rocks (sediments)
    The rocks starts with the magmatic rocks, created by crystallization
    from the magma. Chemical processses and processes of erotion,
    disintegration, and transportation create sedimentary rocks in different
    composition and texture. It can treansformed into metamorphic rocks
    because of pressure and temperature. Not only that it can transformed
    into metamorphic rocks because of a reworking by melting and
    recrystallizion also occurs.

    A. The rocks cyle

    1.1 IGNEOUS ROCK


    Igneous rocks are made by crystallization of a molten rock. There
    are two major states of molten rock, there are : Magma and Lava.
    1. Magma is form of molten rock that exists below the Earths surface.
    2. Lava is the term given to magma once it raaches the Earths
    surface, usually in the form of volcanic eruption.
    When the temperature of molten rocks bein to drop there is aloss of
    energy that cause ions to slow down. As the ions slow down, they group
    together and arrange themselve into orderly crystalline structures. This
    process is referred to as crystallization.
    There are two major classificatin of igneous rocks, there are Intrusive and
    Extrusive.

    1. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed by magma that cools below the
    Earths surface.
    2. Extrusive igneous rocks generally cool quickly when they reach the
    earths surdace usually through volcanos or fissure.

    According to their occurrence and psition in the crust, there are three
    types of igneous rocks :
    1. Plutonic rocks crystallized in great dept and forming large rock
    bodies
    2. Volcanic rocks reacing the curface, in many case forming layer of
    rocks like a blanket
    3. Dikes have dominant vertical extention and a horizontal extension in
    one direction, also they frequenly separate goelogical units.
    Igneous rocks can be classified according to their chemical or
    mineralogical composition to. Chemical classification distinguishes acid,
    intermediate, basic, and ultrabasic rocks.
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    Felsic or silicic rocks, ex : granite and rhyolite


    Intermediate rocks, ex grandiorite, diorite, and andesite
    Mafic rocks, ex: basalt and gabro
    Ultramafic rocks, ex: peridotite and komatite

    B. Mineral composition of igneous rocks

    1.2 METAMORPHIC ROCKS


    Metamorphic rocks are the result of metmaorphism. Metamorphism
    is the solid state conversion of igneous and sedimentary rocks under the
    pressure temperature regime of the crust. The chemical copmposition of
    this primary material detemines the chemical and mineralogical
    composition of metamorphic rocks to a large degree.
    Classification of metamorphic rock
    Non follated
    Parent rock
    Limestone,
    Dolomite
    Quartz sandstone
    Shale, Basalt

    Metamorphic rock

    Dominant
    minerals
    Marble , Dolomite Calsite or doloite
    marble
    Quatzite
    Quartz
    Hornfels
    Fine grained
    micas

    Follated
    Parent rock
    Shale
    Shale
    Shale

    Metamorphic rock
    Slate
    Phyllite
    Schist

    Shale

    Gneiss

    Basalt

    Amphibolite,
    amphibole shcist

    Dimonant minerals
    Clay mineral , micas
    Micas
    Biotite,
    muscovite,
    amphiboles,
    quartz,
    feldspar
    Feldspars,
    micas,
    quartz
    Amphiboles
    ,
    plagioclase

    1.3 SEDIMENTARY ROCK


    Definition :
    A Rock that formed from material derived from preexisting rocks by surfacial
    processes like erosion,transportation mineral dan deposition, Lithification
    (consolidation). And Chemical Process
    The sedimentary rock can be distinguish into two major rock classes by the origin
    source

    Clastic Sedimentary Rock


    Siliclastic or Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

    1.Clastic Sedimentary Rock


    Clastic Sedimentary rock forming process can by

    Weathering: the processes that change rocks rocks size and composition
    at or near Earth Earths surface
    Erosion and Transportation: removal of rock particles (clasts) from their
    source by water, wind, or glacial ice
    Deposition: the settling of clasts on Earth Earths surface as sediments,
    leads to formation of a sedimentary bed
    Compaction: pressing together of clasts, squeezing out pore water, by
    pressure exerted by overlying beds
    Lithification :cementation of clasts together to form a sedimentary rock
    Diagenesis : a process of conversion of unconsolidated sediments to
    coherent sedimentary rocks

    Example: conglomerate,sandstone, siltstone, shale, and claystone

    2. Siliclastic or Chemical Sedimentary Rocks


    Siliclastic sedimentary rock was derived from material carried in solution to
    lakes/ seas and precipitation from solution will form a chemical sediments
    The chemical sediment can be form by

    by precipitation from aqueous solution


    from plant material
    from animal material

    Example:Limestone,Dolomite

    3.Diagram Classification of Sedimentary rock


    For easiest way to understand classification of sedimentary rock, you can see
    this picture below

    1.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKSSOME GENERAL


    CHARACTERISTICS
    Definition:
    Petrophysics is suggested as the term pertaining to the physics of
    particularrock types. . . . This subject is a study of the physical properties
    of rock which are related to the pore and fluid distribution . . . (Archie
    (1950).
    physical rock properties (e.g., elastic, electrical,nuclear properties) can be
    used to characterize rocks with respect to properties and parameters of
    interest
    Physical properties of rock can can be observed from all sidesbut in this
    resume , i will leads the classification of rock properties into the following
    two main groups:
    1. Properties of direct interest for application:
    reservoir properties (porosity,saturation, permeability),
    geomechanical properties (deformation, strength),
    mineralogical characteristics (shale content, fractional mineral
    composition),
    content of substances of interest (ore content)
    Thermal Properties
    2. Properties relevant to the various geophysical methods
    elastic/seismic properties
    density
    electrical properties
    nuclear properties,
    nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response
    Radioactive Properties
    Electrical Properties

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