Troubleshooting TB I Systems
Troubleshooting TB I Systems
Troubleshooting TB I Systems
Most of the problems encountered while installing your fuel injection system or after a time of
operation are very simple. If your check engine light is on you more than likely have a hard fault
meaning something is grounded out, unplugged, operating out of range or has gone bad. See
below for how to determine what your fault may be and what the codes mean.
With the addition of Fuel Injection to your engine it is important to remember that the basics are
still there, necessary and have not changed. Batteries must be fully charged, charging systems
fully operational, the ignition system is fully operational and the integrity of the engine is intact.
All of these items are common to an engine and need to be in full operational condition
regardless of the fuel system that has been added to your engine.
The ALDL connector allows for full diagnostics of your unit. A scan tool can be used and set up
for a GM TBI application to read the data, or to check for stored codes. Consult a service manual
or see below for any check engine light code definitions. You can use a late 80s or early 90s GM
TBI definition. If you have access to a scan tool use a hook up for a 1990 350 cu. in. 5.7L
Chevrolet truck. For some scan tools enter VIN 10th L 3rd C 8th K.
If you have installed a Fuel Injection system in your vehicle and are having some initial issues
here is a quick checklist to work from to get you started.
Fuel Pressure is critical for proper operation. Fuel tank must be free
from debris and fuel pressure needs to be constant and consistent.
Some aftermarket high density fuel filters can cause a large drop in fuel pressure under load and
are not recommended for use with your system. If you are using one of these types of filters
insure that you have proper fuel pressure during all modes of operation.
99% of all issues are usually taken care of with one or more of these 8 steps of diagnosis.
First and foremost the engine and fuel injection system must be free from vacuum leaks.
Vacuum leaks are the leading cause of installation issues with your fuel injection system. Check
all sources of potential vacuum leaks including components not related to the fuel injection
system.
There are instances where the vacuum leak is coming from the adapter plate used to attach the
throttle body to the manifold. If this is the case make sure that the seal is positive between the
manifold and the adapter plate; also between the adapter plate and the throttle body. In some
instances it is necessary to seal these with silicone to provide a positive seal.
Another common issue is a lack of good grounding. Many issues have been resolved simply by
making sure that the ground path is secure and clean.
More than likely you have a large vacuum leak, verify that your system is
free from vacuum leaks.
Check that all non used vacuum ports are plugged.
Verify that the bolts holding down your throttle body are not protruding
through the bottom of the adapter plate causing the plate to lift off its base.
Your ignition wire is connected to a battery source and not an ignition 1
source.
The engine has not come to full operating temperature as of yet.
Your thermostat is inoperable or opens at too low of a temperature. You
should be using at least a 180o stat.
Throttle cable or throttle on the throttle body is not coming to a complete
close. Throttle plate is binding in the throttle bores.
The throttle plates are adjusted too far out, see procedure #10 for proper
adjustment sequence.
IAC is not working, either faulty or there is a wiring issue.
If you have gone through all of the above procedures and the engine is still
idling too high you will need to call tech support. When you call tech support
you will need to have the following information available.
Voltage measured between the black wire and brown wire on the TPS with the key on engine not
running__________________
Engine RPM at start up idle on a cold start___________________________
Engine RPM at idle with stabilized temperature_______________________
Engine RPM at idle with IAC fully seated or blocked off.___________________
IAC counts at stabilized idle in drive if using a scan tool____________________
Engine operational temperature_______________________
Initial ignition timing_____________________
Any information that you feel is important for diagnosing the issue at hand.
up properly with the installation of your fuel injection system you are probably getting
fuel economy as you are going to get.
Insure that your timing is set properly
Your thermostat is in good working order
Your fuel pressure is at the specified pressure (see fuel system check at the
beginning of this guide.
4. You may have other factors such as tires, brake drag or other external issue from the
fuel injection system that is not working properly.
5. Re-evaluate your driving habits and insure that you are driving in a fashion that will
provide you optimum fuel economy. If you are trying to race everyone from the light
chances are you will not get the fuel economy that you expect.
If you have gone through all of the above procedures and you still feel that
you should be getting better fuel economy you will need to call tech support.
In many cases the specifications of the engine are different than what was
originally discussed or assumed. When you call tech support you will need to
have the following information available.
Voltage measured between the black wire and brown wire on the TPS with the key on engine not
running__________________
Engine RPM at idle with stabilized temperature_______________________
Engine operational temperature_______________________
Initial ignition timing_____________________
Trouble Codes from the ECM (see #14)______________
Any information that you feel is important for diagnosing the issue at hand.
Voltage measured between the black wire and brown wire on the TPS with the key on engine not
running__________________
Engine RPM at start up idle on a cold start___________________________
Engine RPM at idle with stabilized temperature_______________________
Engine RPM at idle with IAC fully seated or blocked off.___________________
IAC counts at stabilized idle in drive if using a scan tool____________________
Engine operational temperature_______________________
Initial ignition timing_____________________
Any information that you feel is important for diagnosing the issue at hand.
TROUBLE CODES
Flashes Closed
Loop
Flashes Open
Loop
Problem is Intermittent
Check for chaffed or loose
wires
O2 sensor may be bad
** Service diagnostic mode is entered the same as Engine Off Self Test. Ground out
Pin A and B on the ALDL connector with the engine running. Rapid flashing (approx
1/2 - 1 sec interval) is open loop. Flashing at a slower rate indicates closed loop.
14. High temperature indicated at engine coolant temp. sensor. Sensor could
be unplugged
Low)
Verify Sensor is not unplugged
With a ohmmeter verify continuity between Pin C-10 and the ECT Sensor
-Sensor is not unplugged
-Clear code and verify that the code still sets before
moving on with diagnostics if any actions were
taken
-With engine fully warmed up unplug ECT sensor
and check voltage between ECT connector (yellow
wire) and ground
Over 4 volts
Below 4 volts
Start engine and run until check engine light comes on.
Gound diagnostic connector and note code.
Code 15
Code 14
4 - 6 volts
Below 4 volts
Clear codes
Disconnect TP Sensor
Start engine and idle till CE
light
comes on.
Note the code that is set
Code 22
No Code set,
problem is
intermittent
Key on, engine off. Backprobe with voltmeter between
Pin B (flat TPS) or Pin C (round TPS) and ground.
Manually move throttle slowly from closed to WOT.
Insure that voltmeter increases in voltage and does not
"glitch" open or closed during the process. If there are
any disruptions, replace sensor. If OK, check
connections and connector.
Code
21
Probe TPS Harness pin A (flat TPS) or
Pin B (round TPS) with test light to 12
volts
Light "ON"
Light "Off"
Faulty TPS
connection or
Sensor
Code 22
Clear codes
Disconnect TP Sensor and
jumper pin C to B (flat TPS)
or Pin A to C (round TPS)
Start engine and idle till CE
light
comes on.
Note the code that is set
Code 22
4 - 6 volts
Replace TPS
Below 4 volts
33. High voltage (low vacuum) at MAP sensor, sensor could be unplugged.
No Code set,
problem is
intermittent
Clear codes
Disconnect sensor and run
engine for 1 minute or until
CE light comes on.
Note the code that is set
Code 33
Check for short to
voltage on Brown
wire Pin B
If circuit is OK Replace ECM
Clear codes
Disconnect sensor and
jumper harness terminal "B"
to "C" and run engine for 1
minute or until CE light comes
on.
Note the code that is set
Code 34
No Code set,
problem is
intermittent
Key on, engine off. Backprobe with voltmeter between
Pin B and Pin A. With no vacuum applied voltage should
be over 4 volts. Apply 25 " of vacuum with a hand held or
similar vacuum pump. Voltage should be approx. 1 - 1.5
volts. If these voltages are correct system is working as it
should. Look for loose or chaffed wires, terminals or
connectors. See first note on idle conditions. Check TPS
adjustment.
Code 33
Replace Sensor
Below 4 - 6 volts
4 - 6 Volts
Check for open or short to
Trouble Is intermittent
-Ignition off diagnostic terminal
grounded
-Disconnect O2 sensor
-Start engine and note "Check Engine Light"
"Check Engine" light off for
at least 15
seconds
Check Purple wire from ECM Pin D-7
for open or short to ground
** Service diagnostic mode is entered the same as Engine Off Self Test. Ground out Pin A and B
on the ALDL connector with the engine running. Rapid flashing (approx 1/2 - 1 sec interval) is open
loop. Flashing at a slower rate indicates closed loop.
Steady Light
Faulty ECM
Check the
following:
Sensors
Bad or leaking injectors
Contaminated
fuel
EGR valve (if equipped)
High fuel
pressure
Performfuel system check out
** Service diagnostic mode is entered the same as Engine Off Self Test. Ground out Pin A
and B on the ALDL connector with the engine running. Rapid flashing (approx 1/2 - 1 sec
interval) is open loop. Flashing at a slower rate indicates closed loop.
Code 54
Fuel Pump Relay or relay
wiring
Code 55
Replace ECM
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