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    CivE 205 5 - Strain Energy

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    John Doe
    The document discusses strain energy, which is the recoverable energy stored within an elastic body when it is deformed by external forces. It introduces the concept of strain energy and explains how it relates to work and internal energy based on conservation of energy. It also presents equations for calculating strain energy in different states of stress and strain, including uniaxial stress, pure shear stress, and general three-dimensional stress states. Principal stresses and strains are discussed as a way to simplify calculating strain energy. The concepts are illustrated with examples and figures.

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    CivE 205 5 - Strain Energy

    Uploaded by

    John Doe
    82 views6 pages
    The document discusses strain energy, which is the recoverable energy stored within an elastic body when it is deformed by external forces. It introduces the concept of strain energy and explains how it relates to work and internal energy based on conservation of energy. It also presents equations for calculating strain energy in different states of stress and strain, including uniaxial stress, pure shear stress, and general three-dimensional stress states. Principal stresses and strains are discussed as a way to simplify calculating strain energy. The concepts are illustrated with examples and figures.

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    CivE 205 5- Strain Energy

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    The document discusses strain energy, which is the recoverable energy stored within an elastic body when it is deformed by external forces. It introduces the concept of strain energy and explains how it relates to work and internal energy based on conservation of energy. It also presents equations for calculating strain energy in different states of stress and strain, including uniaxial stress, pure shear stress, and general three-dimensional stress states. Principal stresses and strains are discussed as a way to simplify calculating strain energy. The concepts are illustrated with examples and figures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    82 views6 pages

    CivE 205 5 - Strain Energy

    Uploaded by

    John Doe
    The document discusses strain energy, which is the recoverable energy stored within an elastic body when it is deformed by external forces. It introduces the concept of strain energy and explains how it relates to work and internal energy based on conservation of energy. It also presents equations for calculating strain energy in different states of stress and strain, including uniaxial stress, pure shear stress, and general three-dimensional stress states. Principal stresses and strains are discussed as a way to simplify calculating strain energy. The concepts are illustrated with examples and figures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

    Part 5:
    Strain Energy _ An Introduction

    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering


    University of Waterloo

    A. Al-Mayah
    Spring 2014

    p. 5.2

    Part 5: Strain Energy

    When an elastic body is deformed through the action of external forces,


    recoverable energy is stored within the body in the form of strain energy.
    Since the energy is related to the deformation (strain) of the material, it is
    called strain energy.
    External Work=Internal Energy (Energy conservation)
    dW =Work done by P through a small
    displacement d
    P
    P1
    dW= Pd=dU
    K

    where U is internal stored energy.


    1
    Total work

    =U total

    internal energy.

    For linear spring, the strain energy

    Examples
    Uniaxial state of stress (Strain)

    (Note: Ignore the effect of gravity)

    AL=Total volume of Material

    Total Wrok W=Total Strain Energy U

    = strain energy/unit volume=strain energy density i.e.

    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering


    University of Waterloo

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

    Part 5: Strain Energy

    p. 5.3

    For a state of Pure Shear Stress (one plane)

    G
    1

    Volume=dV

    (Total strain energy in dV volume)


    Strain Energy density
    3D state of stress: For an element of volume (dV) under loading, there are 6
    stress components x, y , z, xy , yz, and xz and strain components x, y , z, xy,
    yz, and xz.
    y
    y
    Strain Energy (Assuming material obyes
    xy
    Generalized Hookes law):
    yz
    xy
    x

    yz
    (

    z
    )

    xz

    xz

    And the strain energy density


    (

    i.e. the general case represents a linear addition (superposition) of the 6 separate
    effects.
    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
    University of Waterloo

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

    p. 5.4

    Part 5: Strain Energy

    Principal Stresses-Principal Strains

    2
    y

    Strain energy desnisty is a scalar quantity


    Independent of the orientation of xyz axes
    Easier to deal with strain energy using
    principal directions

    1
    x
    3

    For an element aligned with principal directions of z


    stress and strains (1,2, and 3)
    Stresses: 1, 2 , 3 (No shear stresses)
    Strains : 1, 2 , 3 (No Shear strains)

    The strain energy density


    (

    Substituting Hookes law in the equation (No shear)


    (

    ((

    ) ,

    ),

    )) strain energy density

    Two parts can be recognized: First part associated with volume change only, the
    second associated with distoration only

    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering


    University of Waterloo

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

    Part 5: Strain Energy

    p. 5.5

    Consider 1, 2 , 3 to be the sum of two stress states:


    2

    2- ave

    ave

    ave

    1- ave

    +
    3- ave
    (iii)

    ave

    (i)

    (ii)

    Where ave=( 1+ 2+ 3)/3=average normal stress


    a) The average stress acting in state (ii) causes only changes in volume but no
    distortion at any orientation of axes:
    By Hookes law
    (

    Strain energy density for state (ii);


    (

    )
    (

    )
    (

    uv= Volumetric strain energy density

    Bulk Modulus

    **

    Resistance against change in volume (i.e.

    =Ke where e is volume change/per unit volume which is called Dilatation (

    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering


    University of Waterloo

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

    p. 5.6

    Part 5: Strain Energy

    b) Stress state (iii) results in no volume change i.e. the sum of its assocaited
    normal strains=0
    Proof: (Hookes law)
    (

    )(

    As 3 ave = 1+ 2+ 3
    Therefore stress state (iii) produces only Distortion
    Its associated Energy distortion (ud) is calculated as follows:
    Total u=uv+ud

    ( (

    Therefore ud=u-uv Hence:

    [(

    ) )

    )(

    ) ]

    ud = Strain energy density for distortion


    The strain energy of distortion depends only on differences between principal
    stresses.
    This equation is important in the development of theries of failure to be
    discussed
    Note:
    Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
    University of Waterloo

    CivE 205 Mechanics of Solids II

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