Monsoon Power Monitor Manual

Mobile Device Power Monitor Manual
Ver 1.15
Distributed By:
Monsoon Solutions, Inc.
2405 140th Avenue NE
Suite A115
Bellevue, Washington 98005
(425) 378-8081
www.msoon.com
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT WORKSTATION ......................... 5
INSTALLING THE POWERTOOL SOFTWARE, DRIVERS AND CONNECTING TO THE POWER MONITOR
HARDWARE ............................................................................................................. 6
Power Monitor Driver Installation .......................................................................... 6
Firmware Driver Installation Instructions................................................................ 7
Updating the Firmware .................................................................................................. 7
Connecting to the Power Monitor Hardware ............................................................ 8

Connecting the Power Monitor to a Device ............................................................ 10
USING THE POWERTOOL SOFTWARE .............................................................................. 11
Checking the Software Revision of the Power Monitor ............................................ 12
Powering-up and Powering-down a Mobile Device .................................................. 13
Low Battery Warning on Device .....................................................................................14
Over-Current Error from the Main Power Supply ...............................................................14
Protecting the Main Power Supply from an Over-Current Error ............................................15
The Set Parameters Dialog Box...........................................................................

The Legend Dialog Box ......................................................................................
The Scale Dialog Box ........................................................................................
Sampling Data .................................................................................................
Power Monitor Reset .........................................................................................
Cursors ...........................................................................................................
Statistics .........................................................................................................
Zoom..............................................................................................................
Triggers ..........................................................................................................
USB Measurements ...........................................................................................
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17
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20
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21
22
23
24
Measuring Power .........................................................................................................25

Battery powered device, with a battery blank or bypassed battery (mobile phone, etc.) ......25
USB powered device (mouse, keyboard, etc.) ...............................................................26
Measuring charging current ...........................................................................................26
Battery powered device with active battery and connected to wall charger ........................26
Battery powered device with active battery and connected to computer ............................26
Using USB Markers ......................................................................................................27
Auxiliary Port (Aux) .......................................................................................... 27

Manual Calibration of the Aux Channel ............................................................................28
.................................................................................................................................29
Automation Calibration of the AUX Channel: ....................................................................33
Isolating current draw measurements at a specific point in a circuit in the device under test ...33
Measuring battery drain while device under test is exercised ..............................................34
Connecting the Aux Channel to a Benchtop Power Supply ..................................................34
Data Importing Features of the Power Monitor ...................................................... 36

Data Exporting Features of the Power Monitor ...................................................... 36
PT5 export details ........................................................................................................37
CSV export details .......................................................................................................37
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE POWER MONITOR ........................................................... 38

APPENDIX: ........................................................................................................... 40
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ..................................................................................
Do you provide Linux or Mac support? .................................................................
Do you provide higher or lower voltage support ....................................................
How do I test whether my unit is still in calibration? ..............................................
Can I re-calibrate my Power Monitor without sending it back to the factory? .............
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MOBILE DEVICE POWER MONITOR .....................................
1
40
40
40
40
42
43
Main Channel ...................................................................................................

USB Channel....................................................................................................
Auxiliary Channel .............................................................................................
BATTERY BY-PASS MODIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS ..............................................................
Testing the Copper Tape Connections ..................................................................
POWER MONITOR DATA AND CONTROL PROTOCOL ..............................................................
COMMAND LINE OPERATION OF THE POWER MONITOR .........................................................
Trigger codes ...................................................................................................
Capture Data Mask ...........................................................................................
POWER MONITOR EXIT CODES.....................................................................................
PT5 FILE FORMAT....................................................................................................
Header section .................................................................................................
Interpreting the Sample Data .............................................................................
Missing data values...........................................................................................
Example C# program to process a PT5 file ...........................................................
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Document Revision History
Date Released
Revision Number
Notes
May 2007
1.0
Initial release
November 1, 2007
1.1
Updated features and added PT4 formats
January 16, 2008
1.2
Updated path for Power Monitor Install directory
July 15, 2008
1.3
Updated and added features
November 9, 2009
1.4
Corrected web site links
June 11, 2012
1.5
Consolidated manual
June 18, 2012
1.6
Updated Command Line usage directions and PT4

file reader example
June 21, 2012
1.7
Documented support for CSV and DCF export from

Command Line version and triggers.
June 28, 2012
1.8
Updated pt4 reader example. It is now distributed

as source code rather than inline in the document.
July 26, 2012
1.9
Updated application screenshots. Updated system

memory requirements.
Aug 9, 2012
1.10
Updated information on recommendations for

extended-duration testing and change in default
time axis.
Aug 13, 2012
1.11
Updated to reflect USB channel changes.
November 28, 2012
1.12
Updated to reflect ability to disable automatic port

scanning.
April 4, 2013
1.13
Updated to reflect .Net dependencies
May 29, 2014
1.14
Updated to clarify capture data masks and export

capabilities. Various clarifications throughout the
document, including significant documentation
updates for USB and AUX channels. Added FAQs.
September 14, 2015
1.15
Updated to support Software V4.0.5.1
Introduction
The PowerTool software and the Power Monitor hardware provide a robust power
measurement solution for mobile devices. The PowerTool software and the Power Monitor
hardware can analyze the power on any device that uses up to a 4.55V Battery. Electrical
engineers and software developers can utilize the PowerTool software and the Power
Monitor hardware to optimize the design and analyze the performance of their mobile
devices.
Figure 1 Graphical user interface (GUI) for the PowerTool software
The Power Monitor can measure data on three channels: Main, USB, and Auxiliary. The Main
channel is what most users will use for their measurements. A USB channel is provided as is
an AUX channel. The GUI details are described below for the Main channel, but largely apply
to all sampling sources. Cases where they differ are called out in the appropriate sections on
USB or AUX measurements.
Figure 2 Mobile Device Power Monitor
Hardware and Software Requirements for the

Development Workstation
A dedicated Windows platform workstation is required to be used with the Power Monitor
to achieve the optimal performance and results.
Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8 [XP support discontinued after 4.0.4.11]
1024x768 or greater screen resolution
1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor
4 GB of system memory
40 GB hard drive with at least 15 GB of available space
Version 4.0.4.12 and 4.0.5.1 require .Net 4.5. Version 4.0.4.11 requires .Net 4.0.
Versions 4.0.4.0-4.0.4.10 require .Net 3.5.
Full Speed USB 1.1/USB 2.0 integrated chipset or PCI/PCI Express add in card.
USB 3.0 or Downstream Charging ports are recommended for Front-panel connections.
USB Hubs should not be used with the Power Monitor
Installing the PowerTool Software, Drivers and Connecting

to the Power Monitor Hardware
Prior to installing the latest version, uninstall any previous version of the Power
Monitor Software from the Control Panel.
Create a new temporary folder on the development workstation under the root directory
(C:\).
Copy PowerTool.zip to the development workstation.
Extract the contents of PowerTool 4.X.X.X.zip to the temporary folder.
Run PowerTool Install.exe
Follow the on screen prompts to install the PowerTool Software.
Power Monitor Driver Installation

After the PowerTool application has been installed and this is the first time the workstation
will be running the PowerTool application you will need to install two drivers, the Power
Monitor driver and the Firmware driver. Instructions are as follows:
1. Power on Power Monitor in normal mode Green led should be on.
2. Under Device Manager, find Mobile Device Power Monitor will have a yellow
exclamation mark.
3. Right click and select Update Driver Software
4. Select Browse my computer for driver software
5. Browse to C:\Program Files (x86)\Monsoon Solutions, Inc\PowerMonitor\Drivers\PC
and click on Next.
6. Click on Close once the driver has finished installing.
7. Under Device Manager Ports (COM & LPT) verify that the Mobile Device Power
Monitor (COMx) has enumerated properly.
Firmware Driver Installation Instructions

1.
Power on the Power Monitor in Output Enable mode by depressing the Output Enable
button and the Power button simultaneously Amber led should be on.
2.
Under Device Manager find the Unknown device and right click, select Update Driver
Software
3.
Select Browse my computer for driver software
4.
Browse to C:\Program Files (x86)\Monsoon Solutions,

Inc\PowerMonitor\Drivers\Firmware and click on Next
5.
Click on Close once the drive has finished installing.
6.
Under Device Manager Custom USB Devices verify that the Microchip Custom USB
Device has enumerated properly.
Updating the Firmware

The Power Monitor is shipped with the latest firmware and in most cases will not be required
to be updated. If for any reason the firmware does need to be updated use the following
instructions.
Power on the Power Monitor in Output/Enable mode by pressing on the Output Enable
button and Power button simultaneously. The amber light should be on.
Figure 3 Output Enable button

Start the PowerTool application, and select the Reflash option, which is enabled whenever a
Power Monitor device in boot mode is detected.
Figure 4 PM Flash Select Option

7
Click on the Load button and browse to the Firmware folder where the PowerTool application
was installed and select the PM_RevX_ProtXX_VerXX_Boot.hex file. (Note, X is a placeholder
for the proper version information for a given firmware file, for example,
PM_RevD_Prot17_Ver20.hex).
Click on the Write button
Wait until the Status shows Write complete.
Click on the X in the upper right of the window to exit when you are done.
Power off and then power back on the Power Monitor so you now have a green light.
Figure 5 PM Flash Window
Connecting to the Power Monitor Hardware

1. Be sure that the power switch on the front of the Power Monitor hardware is not
engaged. The hardware should not be powered-up.
2. The power switch should be in the outward position, not the inward position.
3. Connect the supplied 6 VDC / 5 Amp power supply to the back of the Power Monitor
and an alternating current (AC) power supply.
4. On a development workstation that is compliant with Full-Speed USB 2.0, connect a
USB cable to the USB connector on the back of the Power Monitor hardware, and
connect the other end of the USB cable to the development workstation. Do not
connect to an external USB hub device.
Figure 6 Back view: Power connector and USB connector

5. Turn on the Power Monitor hardware by engaging the power button on the front. The
internal fan will briefly power-up and then power-down.
6. Initially, the power light-emitting diode (LED) is amber, and then it turns green. The
green LED is connected directly to the internal power of the Power Monitor.
Figure 7 Front view: Engaged power button and powered-up green LED
Connecting the Power Monitor to a Device

Refer to the Appendix on how to properly configure a device battery to connect to the Power
Monitor.
Note Wear safety goggles at all times while working with exposed battery terminals
and wiring.
**************************************************************
Connecting the Power Monitor to a device to collect current measurements can be
complicated and dangerous. Be sure that the area where power measurements are
being conducted is protected from fire danger, do not have flammable items
nearby. These measurements are at your own risk, and these procedures are not
guaranteed to prevent damage or injury
**************************************************************
Note There is no way to guarantee a proper connection. When attaching the power
measurement hardware to a device with a lithium battery, there is always a risk of
damaging the device, or causing the device to heat-up, generate smoke, or catch fire.
While this is unlikely, be extremely careful, and if anything gets hot, immediately
remove the battery and the power source.
Figure 8 A mobile device connected to the main channel
10
Using the PowerTool Software

After connecting the device, power up the Power Monitor and run the PowerTool software
(PowerTool.exe). The software should connect to the Power Monitor, and display the user
interface (UI).
Figure 9 PowerTool software UI after connecting to a device
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Checking the Software Revision of the Power Monitor

The revisions of the hardware (HW ver), firmware (FW ver), and software (SW ver) should
be compatible for consistent and repeatable results and performance.
If the Power Monitor software is updated, the firmware will need to be confirmed for
compatibility. The Power Monitor will prompt the user to indicate that a new firmware is
required to run this revision of software. If this occurs, then the firmware (FW ver) will need
to be updated on the Power Monitor. Please follow the instructions on updating the Power
Monitor firmware.
The following table describes the various revision numbers that are displayed in the UI.
Field
Description
HW rev
Power Monitor hardware revision
FW ver
Power Monitor firmware version
Prot ver
Version of protocol specification
SW ver
PowerTool UI version
HW rev
SW ver
Firmware Version
B, C, D
3.0.4
12
B, C, D
4.0.2, 4.0.1
17, 18
B, C, D
4.0.3
19
B, C, D
4.0.4
19, 20
4.0.5
20
To make sure the correct software is installed, check the revision fields in the UI. Figure 10
below shows the area of the UI that displays the software revision.
Figure 10 Revision fields shown in the PowerTool UI
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Powering-up and Powering-down a Mobile Device

To power-up the device, first set the Vout voltage. The voltage can be set from 2.01 V to
4.55 V in .01 V increments. The maximum voltage of a lithium battery is usually 4.2 V, so
the software will default to a maximum of 4.2V, and a warning window will pop up the first
time a voltage above this value is selected.
To enable the power, click the Vout Enable button, to disable the power, click the Vout
Disable button.
Figure 11 below shows the location of the Vout Enable, which toggles when it is clicked to
the Vout Disable button.
Figure 11 Vout Enable and Vout Disable button

The voltage at the red and black terminals is never exactly at the programmed voltage. This
is because there is an internal 0.056 sense resistor in series with the regulator. For
example, if the device is drawing 1 A when Vout equals 3V, expect to see (3 - 1*.056) =
2.944 V. Figure 12 below shows this sense resistor in series with the regulator, in relation to
the red and black terminals.
Figure 12 Sense resistor in series with the regulator, in relation to the red and black
There is resistance in the wiring that can lower the voltage at the device. The resistance of
the wiring plus the sense resistor is similar to the resistance of the lithium battery in the
device; batteries are usually about 0.12 .
The resistance of 20 gauge wire is 0.012 /ft, so if the cables are 20 gauge, and 1 foot in
length, that adds another 0.024 , in addition to the contact resistance.
13
Figure 13 Vout LED indicator

If the power-up is successful, the green Vout LED indicator in Figure 13 above will powerup. This LED is connected directly to Vout, so the light will dim slightly if the voltage is
lowered. If this LED does not power-up, then Vout did not power-up properly, so there are
other problems.
Low Battery Warning on Device

In some cases your device under test may give a lower battery charge warning or not power
up. In those cases, increase the Vout value. This is particularly likely to be seen if a
battery blank is being used instead of a lithium battery with a bypass.
Over-Current Error from the Main Power Supply

Sometimes an over-current error occurs when powering-up. When an over-current error
occurs, the power LED displays as amber.
An over-current error can happen when the:
Device is attached backwards.
Device is attached incorrectly.
Device has a lot of capacitance, a very high in-rush current.
Device has an unusually high run current.
Figure 14 Amber LED indicator for over-current

Note Be sure to check for a backwards connection before overriding the over-current
limits.
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Protecting the Main Power Supply from an Over-Current Error

The main power regulator can source 3.0 A of continuous current and 4.5 A of peak current.
In order to protect incorrectly connected devices from damage, a carefully controlled power
up sequence is used. The default sequence is as follows:
Power up with no current limit for 20 milliseconds
Run for 1 second with the current limit set to 500 mA
Run continuously with the current limit set to 4.5 A
The parameters in the dialog box below are used for device under test power on.
Power up time This specifies the power up time when no current limit is applied to
the Mobile Device Power Monitor.
Power up Current Limit If the Power Up Time is set to default, this parameter will
allow the selected current to be supplied to the device for 1 second.
Run time Current Limit This parameter specifies what the maximum current that
can be sourced by the Mobile Device Power Monitor while it is sampling or in Run
mode.
If a device does not power up with this default profile, the profile may be adjusted. Click on
Parameters in the UI and the dialog box shown below in Figure 15.
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The Set Parameters Dialog Box
Figure 15 Dialog box for Set Parameters

In addition to changing the power-up and runtime current limits, you also can specify the
temporary directory that will be used to store sample data and whether to automatically
scan for Power Monitor device connection changes.
For most users, Enable Device Scanning should be left to ON. If you change this to OFF,
communication across COM 1 and the other COM ports will be minimized, but no automated
detection of addition or removal of Power Monitor devices will be done. If you are running
with Enable Device Scanning OFF and add or remove a Power Monitor, you will need to
switch back to Enable Device Scanning ON, or restart your PowerTool application, to see the
current state of available Power Monitor devices.
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The Legend Dialog Box

The Legend dialog box controls which channels are displayed, and what kind of data is
shown in the graph, as well as the USB Passthrough Mode.
Figure 16 Dialog box for the display Legend

With every sample, the Power Monitor returns current measurements from all three
channels, and a single voltage measurement. The Voltage source control selects whether
these measurements will come from the Main or Auxiliary channel. USB voltage
measurements are taken at the beginning of the sampling run, and presumed to be
constant throughout sampling. In order for a voltage source to be selected, it must first be
enabled as a displayed channel.
The displayed channels and displayed measurements controls work in concert with each
other. They control which measurements of which channels are displayed on the graph, and
included when exporting measurements.
Each pixel on the graph represents a variable number of samples, depending on the
timescale selected. The max graph shows the maximum value of those samples, while the
min graph represents the smallest value recorded. The average represents the average
of all samples taken during the time represented by that pixel.
The USB Passthrough Mode has three settings:
17
Auto: Setting the USB passthrough mode to Auto enables a USB connection from
your device to the computer which allows you to download files, configure test
programs, charge the device, etc. Once sampling is started, the direct USB connection is
disabled, charging over USB is disabled, and samples are measured without the
interference of USB charging. As soon as sampling is stopped, the direct USB connection
is re-enabled and data can once again be transferred to and from the device over USB. A
main channel connection with Vout enabled is required in this setting.
On: Setting the USB passthrough mode to On enables the USB connection and
records the current flowing through the USB connector on the front of the Mobile Device
Power Monitor. The main channel connection is not required when using this
configuration as power is provided through USB. Note, the main channel Vout should still
be enabled to ensure proper readings.
Off: Setting the USB passthrough mode to Off disables the USB connection. The main
channel connection with Vout enabled is required in this setting.
The Scale Dialog Box

The Scale dialog box controls how the data is displayed in the graph.
Figure 17 Dialog box for the display Scale
The time scale is always shown along the X axis. The Power, Current, and Voltage scales are
shown along the Y axis depending on the data selected in the Legend dialog box.
The Unit dropdown lets you select the unit to be used for display.
The Units/tick dropdown specifies the granularity of each tick. For example, if you specify a
unit of min and a units/tick of 2, there will be a tick for 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and so on.
The smaller the number you select, the finer the granularity.
The #Ticks dropdown specifies the number of ticks to be displayed. The Units/tick
multiplied by the #ticks will determine the range of data you will see on the graph at any
given time.
The data that is displayed is calculated based on the granularity of the timescale you have
chosen. If the full resolution of data sampled can be displayed in the UI, then
instantaneous data will be plotted and Average, Min and Max values will all be identical, as
there is nothing to smooth or average over.
If the timescale is such that a larger time range or larger granularity is chosen than can
display the full amount of instantaneous data, the data will be averaged across adjacent
samples at the smallest range possible. Max, Min, and Avg data is shown at a given point
to capture the values of that range.
As you increase granularity, the Max/Min/Avg lines will converge and youll ultimately have
only one line. Similarly, as you decrease granularity, Max/Min/avg lines will be calculated
and displayed.
The offset will shift the displayed portion of the graph along the axis. Both positive and
negative numbers may be used.
IMPORTANT: Data is generated and stored in memory for each point drawn to the
graph. If you plan to do an extended measurement (more than 12 hours), you
should choose a timescale that is in minutes or hours and select a broader
granularity to ensure efficient use of system memory. Additionally, if you choose
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a fine scale such as microseconds, expect a slower UI response time for other
functions due to the resources required for such a high UI refresh rate.
Sampling Data
To begin sampling data, click the Run button. To stop sampling, press the Stop button.
Figure 18 below shows the Run button, which toggles to the Stop button once it is clicked.
Figure 18 Run and Stop toggle button

The calibration indicator indicates that the unit has a valid and unexpired calibration date
and functioning auto-calibration hardware. The heart will show green, yellow, or red,
depending on how close we are within desired calibration tolerance. Temperature variation
is the primary reason why the Power Monitor will go out of tolerance, though large, rapid
changes in current consumed will always cause this.
A Green heart indicates the unit is in calibration, and measurements will be within the
advertised accuracy of the Power Monitor. A yellow indicator indicates marginal calibration,
and measurements will tend to be accurate to within +/- 5%, rather than 1%. A red
indicator means measurements will be within +/- 10%, and may be off even further if the
indicator remains red for more than about 30 seconds.
Figure 19 below shows the calibration indicator.
Figure 19 Calibration indicator

The serial number displayed in the UI, and shown in Figure 20 below, is the serial number of
the Power Monitor hardware. It is programmed to a unique number in the factory. If the
firmware is upgraded improperly in the field, the factory serial number may be incorrect. If
this happens, it is advisable to contact Monsoon Solutions, Inc., because the factory
calibration settings may have also been lost.
Figure 20 Serial Number
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If more than one Power Monitor is connected to your computer, a dropdown arrow will be
displayed next to the serial number to let you switch which Power Monitor you are currently
connected to for sampling. The Power Tool GUI establishes a connection to only on Power
Monitor at a time, so if you switch which Power Monitor you are connected to, you will be
asked if you want to save your current data. Similarly, a given Power Monitor may only be
accessed by one PowerTool instance at a time. If you are running multiple instances of the
PowerTool software, and another instance has already connected to a given Power Monitor,
it will not be available in your list of serial numbers to select.
If you are running with Enable Device Scanning OFF, the serial number will be greyed out
and you will not be able to change which Power Monitor you are attached to.
Power Monitor Reset

A reset button is available to cycle the power to the Power Monitor unit itself. The reset
operation is equivalent to cycling the power button in the front of your Power Monitor. This
can be used if your computer loses its connection to the Power Monitor device or if you want
to cycle the hardware for any reason. Be aware, the Power Tool GUI will lose its connection
to the Power Monitor device and will be prompted by the Power Tool UI to re-establish the
connection.
Figure 21 Reset button
Cursors
Cursors enable users to measure the delta (Time and selected data channel) between two
points on the power monitor output data plot.
1. Drag the red and blue arrows (indicator) to the desired position on the power monitor
output data plot, as shown in Figure 22 below.
2. The Delta will be displayed under the Selection Statistics section.
Figure 22 Selection Stats
20
Statistics
Battery life, current, and power statistics for the selected channel are visible in the STATS
area of the UI. In order to get correct values for Expected Battery Life, the user should be
sure to set the Battery Size before the run. If there is no region selected, the statistics will
be associated with the entire run as in Figure 23 below.
Figure 23 Capture Statistics

Whereas the graph shows average data base on the timescale, the Capture Statistics region
provides averages over the entire sampling run as well as instantaneous values for the run.
Average power is derived from instantaneous current and voltage, and then averaged over
the duration of the sampling run. Instantaneous voltage is shown for Vout. Instantaneous
Current and Power can be viewed by toggling between mA and MW button, as shown below.
In addition, if multiple channels are being measured at once, the user can toggle between
those channels.
If a smaller area is selected with the mouse on the graph, then the statistics are computed
only for the selected area, as shown in Figure 24 below.
Figure 24 Selection Statistics
21
Zoom
Selecting a certain area with the mouse on the graph and by either double clicking or
selecting the scroll mechanism on a mouse (if one is available) will zoom in on the selected
area. Note, even though the screen is not updating during this time, sampling is still
occurring in the background. The statistics are computed only for the selected area, as
shown in Figure 25 below. When you are done looking at this area, press ESC, and the
screen will refresh and return to displaying data as it is sampled.
Figure 25 Zoom Capability
22
Triggers
Triggers can be set to start and stop sampling based on specified criteria. Your current
trigger setting is shown in the main Power Tool GUI right above the Set Capture Triggers
button, as shown in Figure 26 below. By default, the setting is Manual.
To open the trigger configuration dialog, select the Set Capture Triggers button.
Figure 26 Capture Triggers
You will then be able to specify both start and stop conditions.
Figure 27 Trigger Settings Dialog

Important Notes:
If you specify to capture samples before a start trigger and the start condition is
such that there arent that many samples available before the trigger, your data will
only contain the number available.
If you delay capture too many samples after your start trigger, and your stop trigger
condition matches, you may not get any samples in your data.
Triggers are evaluated as batches of samples are processed, so the stop and start
times will vary within a fraction of a second of the specified time.
Trigger settings are saved in your .ini file and will be preserved in your next session.
23
Once you have saved your settings, you will see your choices reflected in the text on the
Power Tool GUI. You must still select RUN and then the trigger conditions will start
evaluating.
USB Measurements
In addition to the Main channel, two other channels are available to do sampling. One of
these is used for monitoring USB power and current draw. To use the USB channel, connect
the USB device to the front of Mobile Device Power Monitor, and connect an additional USB
cable from the front of Mobile Device Power Monitor to the development workstation as
shown in Figure 28 below. In most cases, you will still need to keep the main channel
connected and enabled as well. This will be discussed further below.
Figure 28 USB device connection, including main channel connection
24
There are 3 primary modes when using the USB Channel. USB ON, OFF, and AUTO. For
people using active devices such as phones, most will want to use AUTO.
Auto: Setting the USB passthrough mode to Auto enables a USB connection from
your device to the computer which allows you to download files, configure test
programs, charge the device, etc. Once sampling is started, the direct USB connection is
disabled, charging over USB is disabled, and samples are measured without the
interference of USB charging. As soon as sampling is stopped, the direct USB connection
is re-enabled and data can once again be transferred to and from the device over USB. A
main channel connection with Vout enabled is required in this setting.
On: Setting the USB passthrough mode to On enables the USB connection and
records the current flowing through the USB connector on the front of the Mobile Device
Power Monitor. The main channel connection is not required when using this
configuration as power is provided through USB. Note, the main channel Vout should still
be enabled to ensure proper readings.
Off: Setting the USB passthrough mode to Off disables the USB connection. The main
channel connection with Vout enabled is required in this setting.
The USB passthrough mode is set by selecting Parameters, and then specifying the desired
mode.
Figure 29 USB pass-through control

Depending on your device and use case, there are different configurations you will want to
use.
Measuring Power
Battery powered device, with a battery blank or bypassed battery (mobile phone, etc.)
-USB A cable connected from front of power monitor to device.
-USB B cable connected from front of power monitor to computer.
-USBPassthrough =AUTO
-Main channel is connected and powered (Vout enabled)
-USB channel selected for display
In this configuration, the state is equivalent to having USBPassthrough=ON before you start
sampling. You can communicate with your device under test, send data, etc. As soon as you
start sampling, it is equivalent to USBPassthrough=OFF. All current being provided to the
device is from the power monitor main channel and no USB current is provided. Once
sampling is completed, the state is equivalent to USBPassthrough=ON and the device under
test is once again accessible from your computer and data may be uploaded and analyzed.
25
USB powered device (mouse, keyboard, etc.)

-USB B cable connected from front of power monitor to computer.
-USBPassthrough= ON
-Main channel is not connected, but is powered (Vout enabled)
-USB channel selected for display.
Figure 30 USB powered device
Measuring charging current

Battery powered device with active battery and connected to wall charger
-USB B cable connected to DCP (dedicated charging peripheral) wall charger. This charger
must NOT provide more than 1 amp or you will risk destroying your power
monitor.
-USBPassthrough= ON
In this configuration you can measure how much current your device is pulling while
charging. This allows you to verify a charger is able to deliver the rated amount of current,
up to 1 amp.
Battery powered device with active battery and connected to computer

-USB B cable connected to computer
-USBPassthrough= ON
In this configuration you can verify that your device is only pulling <= 500mA when
connected to a PC, per USB specifications.
26
Figure 31 PowerTool with USB set in the Legend box and in the Capture Stats box
Using USB Markers

If synchronizing an external event is required, the PowerTool software can support that
feature over USB with Markers.
To use the Markers functionality:
Set the USB passthrough mode to Off.
Select the Markers checkbox in the Power Monitor UI.
Connect transistor-transistor logic (TTL) signals from the device to the USB A-connector on
the front of the Mobile Device Power Monitor. An easy way to do this is to use an old USB
cable and cut it.
Signals that are driven on the data lines will be shown as highs (1s) or lows (0s) on the
display. There are wide blue and red lines for the Markers.
Auxiliary Port (Aux)

27
The Aux port is accessed via the bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector on the front of
the Mobile Device Power Monitor. The Aux port allows you to isolate current measurements
across a sense resistor.
Note, for Aux measurements, the MAIN channel must always be powered (Vout
enabled) even though it is not being used for measurements or to power the
device under test.
Manual Calibration of the Aux Channel

Unlike the Main and USB channels, the AUX channel has only preliminary calibration, and
must be user calibrated prior to taking any measurements. This requirement is due to the
dependency of measurements on your specific cables, sense resistor, and configuration.
We recommend that you go out from the sense resistor (+) to the load (+), then load (-) to
Power Monitor Main (-), then Power Monitor Main (+) to Sense Resistor (-). This places the
sense resistor load in line with the power monitor main channel which is far more
precise. We recommend a 4.0V output from the Power Monitor with a 40 load. That
should yield exactly 100mA mathematically [I=V/R], but doesnt take into account lead
resistances, sloppy tolerances, etc. The calibration process will zero out these interfering
resistances.
Figure 32 shows the Power Monitor when wired for calibration (This is using a precision
adjustable load of 40 as the load, and the Power Monitors Main Channel is the Power
Source). Note the .1 ohm sense resistor across the aux channels, as shown in Figure 33.
You should use the same wires for calibration that you plan to use for actual measurement,
to ensure you are accounting for all system resistance.
28
Figure 32 AUX Calibration
29
Figure 33 0.1 ohm sense resistor
Figure 34 0.1 ohm sense resistor
If you dont have an adjustable load, you can use any resistor with a value of approximately
20-40 ohms. Be sure to measure the resistor so you know its exact value.
30
The goal is to get the Aux channel to as close to the main channel as possible. To do this,
RUN the Power Monitor and toggle between Main & Aux and observe the values.
Figure 35 Comparing Aux and Main current

Select the Parameters button to see the settings dialog, and adjust the Aux course slider in
1 step increments or decrements as applicable (numbers in Figure 36, below, are for
example only, yours will vary).
Figure 36 Adjusting Aux resistor offsets
Apply the parameter change and then re-run the Power Monitor to see if youre closer to a
match between the two channels. After youve fine-tuned the Course resistor, you will want
to repeat this process with the Aux (fine) channel and a resistor with a value closer to 1000
ohms.
31
Before calibration, your display will show the Main and AUX current as separated lines.
Figure 37 Example graph, pre-calibration

After calibration, the channel measurements should converge, as shown in Figure 388. You
are now ready to begin measurements.
Figure 38 Example graph, post-calibration

32
Automation Calibration of the AUX Channel:

The Aux channel can be manually calibrated using the Developer Tool Example program
RecalibrateExample through the following procedure:
1. Connect a 0.1 ohm sense resistor and have two precisely measured load resistors
available, as per the instructions for manual calibration. As before, we recommend
approximately 40 ohms and 120 ohms.
2. Connect the 120 ohm load resistor.
3. Place the file RecalibrateExample.exe in the same directory as PowerTool.exe. This
will normally be in C:\Program Files (x86)\Monsoon Solutions Inc\Power Monitor\
4. Run in the command line: RecalibrateExample.exe 120 AuxFine Where 120 will be
replaced with the precise value of your load resistor.
5. Remove 120 ohm load resistor, and attach 40 ohm load resistor.
6. Run in the command line: RecalibrateExample.exe 40 AuxCoarse
The primary use cases for the AUX Channel are described below.
Isolating current draw measurements at a specific point in a circuit in the device

under test
Suppose the LT1129 shown below in Figure 399 sits on a mobile device PCB and the current
supplied to the 3.3 V supply needs to be measured.
Figure 39 Schematic of the Aux port connection

In this situation, to measure the current supplied to the 3.3 V power supply, connect a 50
coaxial cable to a 0.1 sense resistor and connect that coaxial cable to the Mobile Device
Power Monitor. When connecting a coaxial cable:
Connect the outside of the BNC connector to the high side of the sense resistor.
Connect the inside of the BNC connector to the low side of the sense resistor.
Enable Vout
In Figure 40 below, the mobile device is powered by the Mobile Device Power Monitor and
its processor core power is being monitored on the Aux port with a 0.1 resistor. In the
Mobile Device Power Monitor, the data for the main supply and the core supply can be
displayed and analyzed simultaneously.
33
Figure 40 Example connection to Aux Port
Measuring battery drain while device under test is exercised

The Aux channel is the only way to use the Power Monitor to measure battery drain. All
other channels bypass the battery.
The configuration is very similar to the case above, except that the 0.1 ohm sense resistor
should be in-line with the battery.
Note: The AUX channel has been designed to measure across 0.1 ohm sense
resistors ONLY. If you have a different value sense resistor, you can try
performing the same calibration shown above, using your value of sense resistor
instead of the 0.1 ohm, but results should be used only as rough measurements.
Connecting the Aux Channel to a Benchtop Power Supply

For some use cases, it may be preferable to connect an external benchtop power supply to
the Power Monitor. For example:
-
If you require a higher measurement voltage, the AUX channel can support up to
5.5V.
If you require larger sustained currents, the AUX channel can support up to 4.5
Amps continuous current.
If it is necessary to vary voltage continuously, without ending the sampling run.
In order to do so, connect the Power Monitor as shown in Figure 41.
34
Figure 41 Benchtop Power Supply connection to Aux channel.

1. Connect a BNC Dual-input connector to the AUX port. We recommend the Pomona
1296 BNC to Banana plug adapter. This hardware is not included with the Power
Monitor.
2. Connect the positive output of your external power supply to the black terminal of
the BNC adapter.
3. Connect the red terminal of the BNC adapter to the positive terminal of your Device
Under Test (DUT).
4. Connect the negative terminal of the DUT to the Power Monitor main ground
terminal, and to the ground terminal of the benchtop power supply.
The Aux channel only supports low-side testing, and will produce inconsistent and unreliable
results if the DUT is connected high-side.
35
Data Importing Features of the Power Monitor

The data importing features of the Power Monitor allows the user to import data from the
following data formats:
The PowerTool software can import the file formats shown in the following table.
File format
Description
.PT5
Binary data in exactly the same format

that the Power Monitor creates for
internal processing; this is compatible
with the current version of the protocol
specification. Please see the APPENDIX
for a more detailed breakdown of the PT5
format.
Update from PT4 to PT5 moves from 16bit to 32-bit measurements in order to
support more precision in the microamp
range.
.PT4
Deprecated. Older export format, will be

converted into PT5 format before
displaying.
.PT3
Deprecated. Older export format. Will be

converted to a PT4 format before
displaying.
The PT5 file format, when saved, contains data at the maximum time resolution, regardless
of the Capture Settings. Thus, when you read this file format in, you will have the full set of
data from your recorded session.
Data Exporting Features of the Power Monitor

The data exporting features of the Power Monitor allows the user to save or export data for
the following:
The entire power measurement run
Data selected and highlighted
Data currently displayed on the screen.
In the case of CSV, the granularity you specify exported
When you SAVE data, it will save in a PT5 format and will save all field data at the
maximum time resolution, regardless of the capture settings or what is displayed on the
screen. A PT5 index file (.CD5) will also be saved to optimize the process of recreating the
graphical display data when you re-import the PT5.
When you EXPORT data, it can be exported in the file formats shown below. You will have
the option to select to export only the highlighted or displayed region, or all data sampled.
36
File format
Description
.PT5
Binary data in exactly the same format

that the Power Monitor creates for
internal processing; this is compatible
with the current version of the protocol
specification. Please see the APPENDIX
for a more detailed breakdown of the PT5
format
.PT4
Binary Data from the deprecated PT4

standard. Differs minimally from PT5
standard.
.CSV
Comma-separate values. A common

format that can be used to import into
spreadsheet software. The units saved
are those specified in the graphical
display settings.
The data is exported at the full resolution of the sampling run, but only for the range
specified.
Figure 42 Time Range Export Dialog
PT5 export details

When you specify a subset of data to be exported to PT5, the sampling start time will be
adjusted to take into account the start time for the selected region. The sample time shown
for the samples will start at time 0 from that point. All data for all sampled channels will be
saved in the pt5 file, regardless of UI settings chosen.
CSV export details

In the case of CSV, you may specify a granularity for export. The available options are all
records, or every 10th, 100th, 1000th, or 10,000th records. Data is not averaged, rather only
the specified subset of samples chosen will be exported, resulting in a lower effective
sample rate. Data will be exported to CSV for any field that is selected for display in the
graph. When you export a subset of data to CSV, your start time will reflect the offset from
the start of your run.
37
Figure 43 CSV Granularity Export Dialog

Note. If you want the PT5 format, unless you want to limit the range of data saved, we
recommend you SAVE vs. EXPORT, as it is a much more efficient process.
Functional Description of the Power Monitor

To measure the current accurately, a dual range, self-calibrating, integrating system is
used. Each channel has two current ranges with a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC),
one with a high-resolution range, and the other with a low-resolution range. Software
continuously calibrates each of these and selects the proper range during measurement.
The dual range scheme works because mobile devices are usually in standby mode and
drawing only a few milliamps of current, or they are running above 100 milliamps. The
Power Monitor must be very accurate when the current is low, but may be less accurate as
the current increases. Each sample is integrated over its 200-microsecond sample period so
that even a brief high-current pulse is captured. Depending on system capacitance and
other factors, the fastest transient pulses are around 20 microseconds. The integrator sums
up these fast pulses so that an accurate assessment of the average current is maintained.
The unit is self-calibrating. One cycle out of every 1000 cycles is used to run either a zerocurrent calibration or a reference-current calibration. Software uses these measurements to
null out the offset and gain errors in the system. Because this is done automatically, it
compensates for slow temperature changes during the measurement run.
The only part not included in the self-calibration is the sense resistor. These resistors are
calibrated at the factory and the calibration values may be adjusted and saved by engineers
using the Parameters dialog box. The Power Monitor has an overflow buffer that can hold six
packets of 128 bytes each. During transfer, if the development workstation cannot read the
data fast enough then this buffer will begin to fill up, and samples may be lost. The received
data is concatenated so the line appears continuous. To account for the lost samples, the
protocol contains a 16-bit counter that tracks the number of lost samples. The running total
of lost samples is displayed in the UI, as shown in Figure 44 below.
Figure 44 Dropped Samples
Because the dropped samples are less than one percent of a run, the error is minimal.
Usually this loss of data is less than 0.1 percent. However, sometimes on long runs or on
38
loaded systems the dropped sample count can exceed 65,000. When this occurs, the
PowerTool lost communication for more than 10 seconds. A count of dropped connections is
maintained in the UI, as shown above in Figure 44. Both of these counts are reset to zero
when a run is restarted. These counts are useful to determine how stable the connection is.
If the dropped packets are greater than one percent of all samples, or if there are more
than one or two dropped connections per hour, then it is likely that the development
workstation has other applications running that are causing delays. Closing these
applications or installing the PowerTool software on a clean machine should solve these
issues and reduce the dropped samples and packets.
39
APPENDIX:
Frequently Asked Questions
Do you provide Linux or Mac support?
The Power Monitor is specifically designed for the Microsoft Windows operating system
and relies on custom device drivers only available for Windows. We are not presently
looking at a solution that will run natively on Linux or Mac. We understand some users
have environments that are primarily Linux or Mac. The following are our
recommendations.
Fully supported:
Option 1: Setup a windows machine with the power monitor software, .Net and a
webserver. Write a simple webserver wrapper using the Power Monitor API. Expose
this webservice as desired, and call it from within your Linux or Mac environment.
You will connect your power monitor device(s) to the windows machine and control
them remotely through your Linux environment over the webservice. This is the
most robust and flexible method to complete integration for automated testing,
especially if you need real-time access to data while the sampling is running.
Option 2: Setup a windows machine with the power monitor software and .Net. Write
a script in any desired scripting language that will execute PowerToolCmd command
line calls. Open ports to exec these calls remotely from your Linux/Mac environment.
This method works well if you dont want to add a webservice wrapper and simply
need the output of a power monitor run, but dont need to access any data during
the run.
Not fully supported, but reported as successful. We do not test or provide technical
support for this configuration.
Option 1: Setup a virtual machine with a supported Windows Operating system, and
host that virtual machine from your Linux or Mac environment. Install the power
monitor software and drivers on the virtual machine. Attach the power monitor
device(s) directly to your Linux/Mac host and access them via the Virtual Machine.
Do you provide higher or lower voltage support

Monsoon has two Power Monitor Products. The 4.X version of the hardware supports a
voltage range of 2.01-4.55V in 0.01V Increments.
The Auxillary channel will support down to 1V, and up to 5.0V, but requires usercalibration and an external power supply in order to supply voltages outside the normal
range supported by the Power Monitor.
How do I test whether my unit is still in calibration?

If you are seeing Main channel measurements you are not sure are accurate, you can
easily test whether your unit is still in calibration. We recommend you test with 2
resistor values that will best detect both fine and course measurement calibration.
You will need to get 40 ohm and 120 ohm axial resistors and measure them with an
ohm meter to determine their exact value.
40
Power off the power monitor, connect the 40 ohm resistor across the main channel
leads, power on the power monitor and Power Tool software, enable Vout at 3.7 volts
and start a sampling run.
Figure 45 Testing Main channel calibration

The current values you see should match what you calculate form I = V/R within the
tolerance of 0.02mA.
For example, if you have a resistor that measures 40.1 ohms and you are using 3.7
volts, Ohms law tells us your measured current should be 0.092269 amps, or 92.27
mA. The Power Monitor should give you values within +/- 0.02 mA of this calculated
value.
Once you have tried with a 40 ohm resistor, repeat the same process with your 120
ohm resistor.
If you find your unit is out of calibration, please contact us at [email protected] to have
it recalibrated.
41
Can I re-calibrate my Power Monitor without sending it back to the

factory?
Yes. The procedure for this is to:
1. Have two load resistors available to calibrate the fine and coarse channels. We
recommend a 40 ohm load for the coarse channel, and 120 ohm load for the fine
channel.
2. Locate the file RecalibrateExample in the Developer Tools folder. This is a
command line tool that will need to be placed in the same directory as
PowerTool.exe, which is normally located at C:\Program Files (x86)\Monsoon
Solutions Inc\Power Monitor\
3. Connect the appropriate load resistor, and run with the following syntax:
RecalibrateExample.exe {Load Resistor} {Channel}
For example, if I had a 40.12 ohm load resistor, and wanted to calibrate the Main coarse
channel, the command line would be:
RecalibrateExample.exe 40.12 MainCoarse
Recalibration Specifications:
42
Calibrated Channel
Command line string
Current Range
Main Fine
MainFine
0-45 mA
Main Coarse
MainCoarse
45 mA 3.0A
USB Fine
USBFine
0-45 mA
USB Coarse
USBCoarse
45 800 mA
Aux Fine
AuxFine
0-45 mA
AuxCoarse
AuxCoarse
45 mA 3.0 A
Electrical Specifications of the Mobile Device Power

Monitor
Main Channel
Component
Minimum
Maximum
Output voltage range
2.01 V
4.55 V
Continuous current
Integrator cutoff
frequency
4.0 A
300 kHz
Fine current scale - range

Fine current scale
resolution
2.86 uA
Fine current scale accuracy
+/- 1% or +/- 50 uA
(whichever is greater)
Coarse current scale range
30 mA
Coarse current scale resolution
286 uA
Coarse current scale accuracy
+/- 1% or +/- 1 mA
Programmable current
limit range
8 mA
8A
Programmable current
limit accuracy
(0.7) * (current limit)
(1.4) * (current limit)
Positive temperature
coefficient (PTC) hold
limit at 6 V of direct
current input (DCIN)
3A
PTC trip limit at 6 V DCIN
Not applicable
Thermal limit shutdown
43
40 mA
4A
6A
50 C
USB Channel
Component
Min
Max
Input voltage range
2.1 V
5.4 V
Continuous current
0.8 A
Integrator cutoff
frequency
44
300 kHz
Fine current scale resolution
50 uA
2.86 uA
+/- 1% or +/- 50 uA
Coarse current scale resolution
30 mA
286 uA
VBUS PTC current hold

limit
+/- 1% or +/- 1 mA
VBUS PTC current trip

limit
0.52 A
0.85 A
VBUS capacitance to GND
1.04 A
1.7 A
40 mA
4.5 A
Auxiliary Channel
Component
Min
Max
Input voltage range
1.0 V
5.0 V
Differential input voltage
45
0.1 V
Integrator cutoff
frequency
300 kHz
0 mA
Fine current scale resolution
2.58 uA
+/- 1% or +/- 50 uA
10 mA
Coarse current scale

resolution
100 uA
+/- 1% or +/-1mA
Aux + side capacitance
22uF+/- 20%
Aux + side input current
Not applicable
12 mA
500 mA @ Vin = 1V
1 A @ Vin = 1.8 V
1% of 0.1 resistor
current
Battery By-pass Modification Instructions
The battery bypass provides a means for the device under test to communicate with the
battery while drawing power from the Power Monitor. The connection is created by
insulating the Voltage (+) terminal on the battery and creating a direct bypass between the
Power Monitor Vout to the device. The circuit is completed by connecting directly to the
Ground (-) terminal on the battery.
In order to modify the battery to properly connect to the Power Monitor please follow these
steps.
Note: Wear safety goggles at all times while working with exposed battery
terminals and wiring. Connecting the Mobile Device Power Monitor to a device to
collect current measurements can be complicated and dangerous. Be sure that the
area you are conducting power measurements is protected from fire dangers and
do not have flammable items nearby. These measurements are at your own risk
and these procedures are not guaranteed to prevent damage or injury.
These are the items you will need:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Polyimide High Temp Tape (Kapton) Digikey P/N 3M541312-ND

Copper tape foil Digikey P/N 3M1181A-ND
24 AWG stranded wire Red and Black
Looped test point Black Digikey P/N 5011K-ND
Looped test point Red Digikey P/N 5010K-ND
Heat shrink to cover the connection made between the wire and the test points
(optional)
7. Soldering iron
8. Utility knife (X-Acto)
9. Epoxy (optional)
46
Locate the Voltage (+) and Ground (-) terminals on the battery as shown in Figure 465. If
they are not labeled verify using an ohmmeter/voltmeter.
Figure 46 Battery Terminals
Cover the Voltage (+) terminal with insulating Kapton tape to isolate it from any ground
connection.
Figure 47 Kapton Tape on Terminals
47
Cover the main body of the battery with Kapton tape to protect from solder drippings and if
needed, to easily be able to remove the copper tape.
Figure 48 Kapton tape on body of battery
48
Cut 2 pieces of the copper tape into approximately 8 centimeters length and 5 millimeter
width. Taper the end to match the width of the battery terminals. Widths of the terminals
vary from battery to battery.
Place the adhesive side of the copper tape on the Voltage (+) battery terminal. Make sure
that the copper tape does not make contact with the adjacent battery terminals.
The copper tape should sit on top of Kapton tape of the Voltage (+) terminal and not make
any contact with the Voltage (+) battery terminal.
Place a second strip of tape adhesive side down over the Ground (-) battery terminal
making sure it sits in securely in the Ground (-) battery terminal and makes good contact.
The copper tape should not come in contact with any other adjacent battery terminal.
Fold both copper tapes over the battery on the side that will be exposed when placed into
the device. Secure the copper tape with Kapton tape leaving the ends of the copper tape
exposed.
Figure 49 Secured contacts
49
Cut a 10 centimeter length piece each of the black and red 24 AWG wire. Solder the black
test point to the black wire to create a test lead. Solder the red test point to the red wire to
create a test lead. Cover the solder connection to the test points with heat shrink (optional).
Figure 50 test leads

Solder the exposed end of the black test lead to the copper tape that connects to the
Ground (-) battery terminal.
Solder the exposed end of the red test lead to the copper tape that connects to the Voltage
(+) battery terminal.
Figure 51 connected leads
You can cover the solder joints with epoxy to make them more secure. This is optional.
Testing the Copper Tape Connections

50
Test the copper tape connections by first placing the battery back into the device. Do not
connect the device under test to the Power Monitor.
Try to power-up the device. The device should not power-up because the battery voltage
has been bypassed with the copper and insulating tape. If the device powers-up, then go
back and re-assess the application of the copper and insulating tape and make sure you
have selected the correct battery terminals.
If the device does not power up, then the connections are correct and testing may begin.
Connect the supplied mini grabber J-hooks to the corresponding loops from the battery.
Plug the banana plugs to the correct voltage output channels on the Power Monitor. Device
under test should only power up when power is supplied by the Power Monitor Vout
enabled.
Figure 52
If the device under test is exhibiting low battery warnings and higher voltage is required to
power the device up, it is likely that the battery test leads are too long and/or have an
incorrect cable gauge rating.
51
Power Monitor Data and Control Protocol

All control of the Power Monitor happens on the development workstation. The development
workstation issues commands and the Power Monitor responds to the commands by
completing the operation and sending back a Status packet. The Status packet contains the
entire current state of the machine, except when sampling. When sampling, the PowerTool
application sends a Start packet to the Power Monitor, and then the Power Monitor sends
sample packets continuously back to the PowerTool. When sampling is to be stopped, the
PowerTool application sends a Stop packet. The Power Monitor stops sampling and responds
with a Status packet. Generally, when the Power Monitor is not sampling, the PowerTool
application requests periodic status packets in order to refresh its display.
Command Line Operation of the Power Monitor

Version 4.0.3e or later includes a console application, PowerToolCmd, for execution in batch
files/scripts. It connects to your Power Monitor device without opening a GUI and will
execute based on your command line settings. The majority of features exposed via the
PowerTool API and GUI are available via the command line version. For additional
programmatic access, see the PowerTool Automation QuickStart Guide included in the docs
directory of the installation which documents our full .Net Interface.
The command line format is:
PowerToolCmd [fileName] [switch [switch ]]
where fileName is the optional name of a PT5 file to be loaded into the buffer.
Switches shown in italics are required in command line mode.
Switches begin with - (hyphen) or / (forward slash). The switches are as follows, and
are case-insensitive:
52
Switch
Description
/LOADFILE=file
Same as fileName above
/ISTART
Sampling starts immediately. This has the same effect as

setting the trigger start_code to D in command line mode.
/TRIGGER=string
See section on
/TESTMINPOWER=value
Return success if average power (mW) is >= value
/TESTMAXPOWER=value
Return success if average power (mW) is <= value
/SAVEFILE=file
Save capture buffer to this file. The specified filename must

include the .pt5 extension.
/CAPTUREDATAMASK=value
See section on capture data mask
/NOHARDWARE
View-only mode; dont connect to a device
/SERIAL=value
Connect to a specific device (Default: first device found)
/KEEPPOWER
Leave Vout enabled on exit
/VOUT=value
Vout voltage value (Default: 3.70V)
/TEMPDIR=path
Override temporary directory

(Default: %My Documents%\PowerTool)
/USBPASSTHROUGH=mode
/USB=mode
USB passthrough mode: AUTO, ON, or OFF

(Default: AUTO)
/NOEXITWAIT
Program exits without waiting for Press any key
/EXITCODES
Lists program exit codes
/?, /H, /HELP
Lists command-line switches
A sample full command line argument would be be:

PowerToolCmd.exe /savefile=datafile.pt5 /trigger=DBA300A500TYC20000A500
/vout=3.7 /keeppower /noexitwait
See details below to understand what the above trigger specifies.
Trigger codes
The following is the syntax of a trigger code:
{A|Bn|Cnt|Dqrn|E}[{An|Bn}]T[{Yn}]{A|Bn|Cn|Dnt|Eqrn}[An]
The capital letters are literals. n represents a numeric quantity (in positive decimal or
integer values, depending on the code), and q, r and t are place-holders for code
letters, explained below.
The T is the dividing line in the trigger code between values that are interpreted as start
conditions (those before the T) and values that are interpreted as stop conditions (those
after the T).
At the highest level, the string breaks down into:
<start_code><optional_start_qualifier>T<optional_export_flag><stop_code><o
ptional_stop_qualifier>
The following table lists the possible values of <start_code>:
53
Code
Meaning
Manual start [Interpreted as Start immediately when running in command line

mode]
Bn
Start after n markers, where n is a positive integer
Code
Meaning
Cnt
Start after n time units of type t (see t below), where n is a positive

integer
Dqrn
Start when quantity q has relationship r with the number n (see q and r
below), where n is a positive decimal
Start immediately
Only one start_code may be specified at a time.

Note: These export codes changed values in 4.0.4.12 to add the support to start based on
time. Codes that previously used Cqrn now will use Dqrn. Codes that previously used D, will
now use E.
The possible values of <optional_start_qualifier> (when present) are:
Code
Meaning
An
Delay capture n samples after trigger, where n is a positive integer
Bn
Capture n samples before trigger, where n is a positive integer
Only one optional_start_qualifier may be specified at a time.

If you specify a start_code of A (manual) or E (immediate), a start qualifier of Bn (capture
samples before trigger) will be meaningless and will be ignored.
If your start trigger condition is met before the specified number of capture before samples
are available, you will have only those measured before your start condition triggers.
The possible values of <optional_export_flag> (when present) are:
Code
Meaning
Yn
Auto-export CSV file after stop. n is optional. If not specified, or a value of 1 is

used, all samples will be exported. If n is specified, every nth sample will be
written to the CSV file. Allowed values for n is 1,10,100,1000, or 10000.
Note: CSV export support were added in version 4.0.4.4. Prior to that version, this feature
was not implemented. Granularity of export was added in version 4.0.4.12.
The following table lists the possible values of <stop_code>:
Code
Meaning
Manual stop [Warning: do NOT use when running in command line mode or you
will need to manually kill the process to exit the application.]
Bn
Stop after n markers, where n is a positive integer
Cn
Stop after n samples, where ne is a positive integer
Dnt
Stop after n time units of type t (see t below), where n is a positive integer
Eqrn
Stop when quantity q has relationship r with the number n (see q and r
below), where n is a positive decimal
Only one stop_code may be specified at a time.

54
The possible values of <optional_stop_qualifier> (when present) are:

Code
Meaning
An
Capture n samples after trigger, where n is a positive integer
The possible values for the quantity code q are:

Code
Meaning
Min power
Avg power
Max power
Min current
Avg current
Max current
Min Vout
Avg Vout
Max Vout
Power is calculated in mWatts. Current is calculated in mAmps. Voltage is calculated in

Volts.
The possible values of relationship code r are as follows:
Code
Meaning
>=
<=
Rises above
Falls below
The possible values of the time-unit code t are as follows:

Code
Meaning
Seconds (s)
Milliseconds (ms)
The shortest time allowed is 1 msec. The longest time allowed to be specified is equivalent
to 4 weeks.
For example, a trigger code DBA300A500TYC20000A500 would be interpreted as follows:
55
Code
Meaning
DBA300
Start capture after average power falls below 300 mW
A500
Delay capture 500 samples after trigger
Fixed delimiter
Auto-export CSV file after stop, with all available samples
C20000
Stop capture after 20000 samples
A500
Capture 500 samples after trigger
If no trigger code is specified at all, a default of ATA will be used, which is how the main
GUI PowerTool application starts. This is not desirable for command-line operation, as it
causes it to run in manual exit mode and there is no way to issue a signal to exit the
application from the executing command line. When running in command line mode, you
should be sure to specify a TRIGGER setting with a stop_code of other than A.
The main PowerTool GUI application has the ability to help you formulate trigger codes for
use with the command line version of the application. From the PowerTool GUI application,
select Set Capture Triggers, put in your desired settings, and then select Code. The
resulting trigger code will be displayed in a separate window.
Figure 53 Using the GUI to get a trigger code
Capture Data Mask

The capture data mask is a 16-bit quantity that specifies the data to be captured. It can be
expressed either in decimal or hexadecimal (using C-style 0x notation), but it is most
naturally expressed in hex, since it is a combination of discrete bit values. Details on the
capture data mask are provided in the PT5 definition part of this document.
56
The capture data mask stores the values you have specified in the UI to preserve your
preferences in the ini file, and is also how you specify what to export when using command
line operation.
Power Monitor Exit Codes

When the PowerTool is closed, it provides an exit code that indicates why the software was
closed. The exit codes include but are not limited to:
Test complete OK
Unable to find hardware
Hardware calibration failed
Disk space check fail
Capture file write error
Capture hardware error
Capture buffer overrun
PT5 file format

A PT5 file consists of three main sections:
A fixed-length header (212 bytes), at file offset 0

A variable-length Status packet at file offset 272
Multiple occurrences of variable-length sample data, starting at file offset 1024. All
samples are recorded at a frequency of 5 kHz. Each sample is an n-tuple, the
content of which is selectable at run-time.
Header section
The first 212 bytes are the header, as follows:
57
Name
Description
C# data type
Bytes
File
offset
headSize
Header size
int
Name
PowerTool
string
20
batterySize
mAh
int
24
captureDate
System.DateTime binary
long
28
serialNumber
Power Monitor serial

number
string
20
36
calibrationStatus
OK (0) or FAILED (1)
CalibrationStatu
s enum
56
voutSetting
Typical (0), Low (1), High

(2), or Custom (3)
VoutSetting
enum
60
voutValue
Main voltage output
float
64
Name
Description
C# data type
Bytes
File
offset
hardwareRate
Hz
int
68
softwareRate
Hz
float
72
powerField
Data selection for Power
SelectField enum
76
currentField
Data selection for Current
SelectField enum
80
voltageField
Data selection for Voltage
SelectField enum
84
captureSetting
Trigger specification
string
30
88
swVersion
PowerTool version
string
10
118
runMode
NoGUI (0) or GUI (1)
RunMode enum
128
exitCode
Application exit code
int
132
totalCount
Count of data samples
long
136
statusOffset
File offset of Status Packet
ushort
144
statusSize
Size (bytes) of Status

Packet
ushort
146
sampleOffset
File offset of Sample data
ushort
148
sampleSize
Size (bytes) of each

individual sample
ushort
150
initialMainVoltage
See Table 5.
ushort
152
initialUsbVoltage
See Table 5.
ushort
154
initialAuxVoltage
See Table 5.
ushort
156
captureDataMask
Mask indicating which data

is being captured (see
capturedatamask)
ushort
158
sampleCount
Sample count
ulong
160
missingCount
Count of missing samples
ulong
168
sumMainVoltage
Sum of main output voltage

(V). Divide by
(sampleCount
missingCount) for Average.
float
176
sumMainCurrent
Sum of main current (mA)
float
180
sumMainPower
Sum of main power (mW)
float
184
sumUsbVoltage
Sum of USB voltage (V)
float
188
sumUsbCurrent
Sum of USB current (mA)
float
192
sumUsbPower
Sum of USB power (mW)
float
196
sumAuxVoltage
Sum of Aux voltage (V)
float
200
sumAuxCurrent
Sum of Aux current (mA)
float
204
sumAuxPower
Sum of Aux power (mW)
float
208
Total length:
58
212
Table 1 Header layout

All strings are length-prefixed (one-byte), and are blank-padded to their fixed length,
suitable for reading with BinaryReader.ReadString(). The lengths listed include the length
byte.
The enumerations are as follows:
Enumeration
Definition
Description
CalibrationStatus
OK=0
Failed=1
Status of calibration
VoutSetting
Typical=0 (3.7 V)
Low=1 (3.35 V)
High=2 (4.2 V)
Custom=3
Type out Vout setting
SelectField
None=0x00
Avg=0x01
Masks describing which

channel
(Main,Aux1,Aux2,Marker)
and statistic
(Avg,Min,Max) are being
recorded
Min=0x02
Max=0x04
Main=0x08
Usb=0x10
Aux=0x20
Marker=0x40
RunMode
NoGUI=0
GUI=1
Whether or not PowerTool

was running in GUI mode
Table 2 Header enumerations

The captureDataMask indicates which of the three data channels are captured: Main, USB,
or AUX and which aspects of Voltage, Current, and Power fields are captured. Each channel
and field is represented by one bit in the mask. The mask is thus the bitwise-OR of the
channel(s) and field(s) to be captured.
The bit values for the channels are as follows:
Mask
Channel
0x1000
Main
0x2000
USB
0x4000
Aux
The bit values for the fields are as follows:
59
Mask
Field
Mask
Field
Mask
Field
0x0100
Min Voltage
0x0010
Min Current
0x0001
Min Power
0x0200
Avg Voltage
0x0020
Avg Current
0x0002
Avg Power
0x0400
Max Voltage
0x0040
Max Current
0x0004
Max Power
The data is bitwise-ORd together to specify what should be captured.

For example:
0x1777 (default)
Main channel, all data for all fields
0x1020
Main Channel, Average current only
0x1222
Main Channel, Average data for all fields
0x2002
USB Channel, Average power only
0x1637
Main Channel, Avg and Max Voltage, Min

and Avg Current, all Power data
0x2777
Main and USB channel, all data for all fields
The file is padded with zeros until offset 272 (144+128), where a Status packet from the
Power Monitor hardware is recorded, as follows:
60
Name
Description
C# data type
Bytes
File
offset
Packet
offset
packetLength
Length-1 of packet This

is variable. All
implementations should
use the packetLength to
determine where to pull
the checksum.
byte
272
packetType
0x10 for Status packet
byte
273
firmwareVersion
Firmware version
byte
274
protocolVersion
Protocol version
byte
275
mainFineCurrent
Main current, fine scale
short (signed)
276
usbFineCurrent
Usb current, fine scale
short (signed)
278
auxFineCurrent
Aux current, fine scale
short (signed)
280
voltage1
Voltage of selected
channel. See Table 5.
ushort
282
10
mainCoarseCurrent
Main current, coarse

scale
short (signed)
284
12
usbCoarseCurrent
Usb current, coarse

scale
short (signed)
286
14
auxCoarseCurrent
Aux current, coarse

scale
short (signed)
288
16
voltage2
Voltage of selected
channel. See Table 5.
ushort
290
18
outputVoltageSetting
Volts = 2.0 +
outputVoltageSetting *
0.01
byte
292
20
temperature
Degrees Celsius
byte
293
21
status
Bit flags (low to high):

unitNotAtVoltage
cannotPowerOutput
checksumError
followsLastSamplePacke
t
responseToStopPacket
badPacketReceived
byte
294
22
reserved
Unused
byte
295
23
leds
Bit flags (low to high):

disableButtonPressed
errorLedOn
fanMotorOn
byte
296
24
voltageIsAux
mainFineResistor
Resistor offset
(ohms = 0.05 + offset *
0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
297
25
serialNumber
Serial number
ushort
298
26
sampleRate
kHz
byte
300
28
dacCalLow
DAC input for 2.5 V

output
ushort
301
29
dacCalHigh
DAC input for 4.096 V

output
ushort
303
31
powerUpCurrentLimit
Max current during

power-up
ushort
305
33
(amps = 8 * ((1limit)/1023)
61
runTimeCurrentLimit
Max current during

sample run (amps = 8 *
((1-limit)/1023)
ushort
307
35
powerUpTime
ms
byte
309
37
usbFineResistor
Resistor offset
0.0001)
sybte (signed)
310
38
auxFineResistor
Resistor offset
0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
311
39
initialUsbVoltage
See Table 5.
ushort
312
40
initialAuxVoltage
See Table 5.
ushort
314
42
hardwareRevision
Hardware revision level

(1=A, 2=B, 3=C, etc.)
byte
312
44
temperatureLimit
Degrees Celsius
byte
313
45
usbPassthroughMode
0=off, 1=on, 2=auto
byte
314
46
mainCoarseResistor
Resistor offset
0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
315
47
usbCoarseResistor
Resistor offset
0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
316
48
auxCoarseResistor
Resistor offset
0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
317
49
defMainFineResistor
Default resistor offset

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
318
50
defUsbFineResistor

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
319
51
defAuxFineResistor

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
320
52
defMainCoarseResistor

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
321
53
defUsbCoarseResistor

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
322
54
defAuxCoarseResistor

0.0001)
sbyte (signed)
323
55
eventCode
Event code:
byte
324
56
0 = none
1 = USB connection lost
2 = too many dropped
samples
3 = reset requested by
host
eventData
Supplementary event
data (interpretation
depends on eventCode)
ushort
325
57
reserved
Reserved for future use
varied
varied
327
59
checkSum
Checksum byte
byte
varied
varied
Total length
varied
Table 3 Status packet layout
The file is then padded with zeros up until file offset 1024, where the sample data begins.
62
Interpreting the Sample Data

Beginning at offset 1024, sample data is recorded at a rate indicated in the Status Packet.
Each sample consists of up to four two-byte quantities, three of which are optional,
depending on the captureDataMask field at offset 158.
The total count of samples is given by the totalCount field of the header.
The four quantities are the current measurements for the Main, Usb, and/or Aux channels,
and a voltage for the channel indicated by the voltageIsAux bit of the leds field of the
Status packet (file offset 296). If the bit is set, the voltage is the Aux channel voltage,
otherwise it is the Main channel voltage.
The current measurements can each be either on the Fine or Coarse scale, independently of
each other, and the scale can change from one sample to the next. For fine scale
measurements each tick represents 1 uA (microamp), whereas for the coarse scale, each
tick represents 250 uA.
A coarse measurement always has the low-order bit set. For fine measurements, the loworder bit is always clear. After determining the scale, the low-order bit should be cleared
before calculating the current.
For voltage, the two low-order bits are the two marker channels. The lowest bit is Marker
0, the next bit is Marker 1. These bits should be masked off before calculating voltage.
The layout of each sample is as follows:
Field
C# Data
Type
Bytes
Tick value
Present if:
Main Current
Int32
(signed)
1 uA (fine)
(captureDataMask &
0x1000) != 0
Int32
(signed)
Int32
(signed)
ushort
(unsigned)
USB Current
Aux Current
Main or Aux
Voltage, and
Markers
250 uA (coarse)
1 uA (fine)
250 uA (coarse)
1 uA (fine)
(captureDataMask &
0x2000) != 0
250 uA (coarse)
(captureDataMask &
0x4000) != 0
See Table 5.
Always
Table 4 Sample layout
The following table lists the value of each voltage tick in microvolts (uV), depending on the
hardware revision level and the channel:
63
Hardware
Revision
Main
USB
Aux
62.5 uV / tick
62.5 uV / tick
62.5 uV / tick
125 uV / tick
125 uV / tick
62.5 uV / tick
C or later
125 uV / tick
125 uV / tick
125 uV / tick
Table 5 Voltage units
Missing data values

In order to account for the time gaps caused by calibration cycles, delays in communication
between the power monitor and the PC host, or other causes, the PowerTool software
inserts missing data indicators. For current measurements, missing data is recorded as
0x8001, while for voltage the missing value is 0xFFFF.
Should a missing value be encountered within a given sample, the entire sample should be
treated as missing, but the 200 uSec of time for the sample should be accounted for.
Example C# program to process a PT5 file

Pt5Reader and Pt4Reader are sample C# console applications included with the installation.
Look in the DeveloperExamples directory where you installed the Power Monitor
application. The DeveloperTools solution will load the Pt5Reader project. Alternatively, the
src/Pt5Reader subdirectory contains the project file. Pt5Reader takes a pt5 filename as an
input argument and outputs the files contents to the console.
64
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Mobile Device Power Monitor Manual

Connecting to the Power Monitor Hardware ............................................................ 8

The Set Parameters Dialog Box...........................................................................

Measuring Power .........................................................................................................25

Auxiliary Port (Aux) .......................................................................................... 27

Data Importing Features of the Power Monitor ...................................................... 36

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE POWER MONITOR ........................................................... 38

Main Channel ...................................................................................................

Document Revision History

Updated features and added PT4 formats

January 16, 2008

Updated path for Power Monitor Install directory

July 15, 2008

Updated and added features

Corrected web site links

June 11, 2012

June 18, 2012

Updated Command Line usage directions and PT4

June 21, 2012

Documented support for CSV and DCF export from

June 28, 2012

Updated pt4 reader example. It is now distributed

July 26, 2012

Updated application screenshots. Updated system

Updated information on recommendations for

Aug 13, 2012

Updated to reflect USB channel changes.

November 28, 2012

Updated to reflect ability to disable automatic port

Updated to reflect .Net dependencies

May 29, 2014

Updated to clarify capture data masks and export

September 14, 2015

Updated to support Software V4.0.5.1

Figure 1 Graphical user interface (GUI) for the PowerTool software

Figure 2 Mobile Device Power Monitor

Hardware and Software Requirements for the

Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8 [XP support discontinued after 4.0.4.11]

1024x768 or greater screen resolution

1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

40 GB hard drive with at least 15 GB of available space

Installing the PowerTool Software, Drivers and Connecting

Power Monitor Driver Installation

Firmware Driver Installation Instructions

Select Browse my computer for driver software

Browse to C:\Program Files (x86)\Monsoon Solutions,

Click on Close once the drive has finished installing.

Updating the Firmware

Figure 3 Output Enable button

Figure 4 PM Flash Select Option

Figure 5 PM Flash Window

Connecting to the Power Monitor Hardware

Figure 6 Back view: Power connector and USB connector

Connecting the Power Monitor to a Device

Figure 8 A mobile device connected to the main channel

Using the PowerTool Software

Figure 9 PowerTool software UI after connecting to a device

Checking the Software Revision of the Power Monitor

Power Monitor hardware revision

Power Monitor firmware version