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    This document provides an overview and summary of the key concepts in fluvial processes and river engineering. It begins with an introduction to fluvial geomorphology and river morphology, including classifications of river types and thresholds in river behavior. It then covers the foundations of fluvial processes such as hydraulics of flow, sediment properties, scour criteria, and bed forms. Next it discusses regime rivers and responses, including analytical bases for hydraulic geometry and design of stable alluvial channels. It also covers modeling of river channel changes using mathematical and computer-aided approaches. Finally, it concludes with applications to river engineering such as river training, bank protection, and grade-control structures.

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    Fluvial Processes in River Engineering Content

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    This document provides an overview and summary of the key concepts in fluvial processes and river engineering. It begins with an introduction to fluvial geomorphology and river morphology, including classifications of river types and thresholds in river behavior. It then covers the foundations of fluvial processes such as hydraulics of flow, sediment properties, scour criteria, and bed forms. Next it discusses regime rivers and responses, including analytical bases for hydraulic geometry and design of stable alluvial channels. It also covers modeling of river channel changes using mathematical and computer-aided approaches. Finally, it concludes with applications to river engineering such as river training, bank protection, and grade-control structures.

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    Fluvial Processes in River Engineering Content

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    This document provides an overview and summary of the key concepts in fluvial processes and river engineering. It begins with an introduction to fluvial geomorphology and river morphology, including classifications of river types and thresholds in river behavior. It then covers the foundations of fluvial processes such as hydraulics of flow, sediment properties, scour criteria, and bed forms. Next it discusses regime rivers and responses, including analytical bases for hydraulic geometry and design of stable alluvial channels. It also covers modeling of river channel changes using mathematical and computer-aided approaches. Finally, it concludes with applications to river engineering such as river training, bank protection, and grade-control structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views6 pages

    Fluvial Processes in River Engineering Content

    Uploaded by

    agussantoso_st
    This document provides an overview and summary of the key concepts in fluvial processes and river engineering. It begins with an introduction to fluvial geomorphology and river morphology, including classifications of river types and thresholds in river behavior. It then covers the foundations of fluvial processes such as hydraulics of flow, sediment properties, scour criteria, and bed forms. Next it discusses regime rivers and responses, including analytical bases for hydraulic geometry and design of stable alluvial channels. It also covers modeling of river channel changes using mathematical and computer-aided approaches. Finally, it concludes with applications to river engineering such as river training, bank protection, and grade-control structures.

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    of 6

    Fluvial Processes

    in River Engineering

    Howard H. Chang
    San Diego State University

    ...

    A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLTCATION

    John Wiley & Sons


    New York

    Chicbester

    Brisbane

    Toronto

    Singapore

    CONTENTS
    PARTI FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
    L Introduction
    1.1

    1.2

    The Fluvial System l 3


    Yariables for Alluvial Rivers l 4

    2. Overview of River Morphology


    2. l

    Regime Concept l 7

    2.2 Channel-Forming Discharge l 8


    2.3 Longitudinal Stream Profile l 8
    2.4

    2. 5

    River Classifications l lO
    Thresholds in River Morphology l 13

    2.6 Hydraulic Geometry l 20


    2. 7
    2.8

    Meander Planform l 24
    Geomorphic Analysis of River Channel Responses l 27

    References for Part I

    31

    PART II FOUNDATIONS OF FLUVIAL PROCESSES

    35

    3. Hydraulics of Flow in River Channels


    3 .l
    3.2
    3.3
    3.4
    3.5
    3.6
    3.7
    3.8
    3.9

    37

    Shear-Stress Distribution l 38
    Uniform-Flow Formulas l 39
    Boundary-Layer Regions l 41
    Turbulent Shear Flow in Channels l 43
    Fixed-Bed Flow Resistance l 46
    Flow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers l 51
    Composite Roughness and Side-Wall Corrections l 53
    Energy Equation and Water-Surface Profiles l 56
    Unsteady Open-Channel Flow l 59
    References l 67

    lx

    CONTE NTS

    4. Physical Properties of Sediment


    4. l
    4.2
    4.3

    4.4

    Size of Sediment Particles i 70


    Shape Factor of Sediment Particles i 73
    Fall Velocity l 73
    Angle of Repose for Sediments l 77
    References l 79

    S. Scour Criteria and Scour-Related Problems


    5.1
    5.2
    5.3
    5.4
    5.5
    5. 6
    5. 7
    5.8
    5. 9
    5.10

    70

    80

    Criticai Shear l 80
    Shields Diagram l 82
    Other Scour Criteria Based on Shear Stress l 85
    Criticai Shear on Side Slopes l 85
    Permissible Velocity l 88
    Distribution of Boundary Shear in Trapezoidal Channels l 90
    Boundary Shear in Bends l 92
    Design. of Stable Channels Subject to Scour But Not to Silt l 93
    Local Scour around Bridge Piers l 96
    Local Scour around Embankments l 100
    References l 103

    6. Alluvial Bed Forms and Flow Resistance

    105

    6.1 Bed Forms l 105


    6.2 Prediction of Bed Forms l 110
    6.3 Bed-Form Dimensions l 114
    6.4 Effect of Water Temperature l 116
    6.5 Stage-Discharge Predictors for Alluvial Channels l 118
    References l 128

    7. Sediment Movement in Rivers


    7 .l

    7.2
    7.3
    7.4
    7.5
    7.6
    7.7

    Bed-Load Formulas l 133


    Turbulent Diffusion and Diffusion Equation l 143
    Suspended-Sediment Discharge l 146
    Bed-Material Load Formulas l 154
    Evaluation of Formulas l 163
    Effect of Water Temperature l 166
    Effect of Suspended Sediment on Flow Characteristics l 167

    131

    CONTENTS

    Xi

    7.8 Sediment Transport in Nonuniform Flow l 172


    7. 9 Scdiment Sorting l 176
    7 .l O Sampling Fluvial Sediment l 181
    References l 185

    8. Flow in Curved River Channels


    8.1
    8.2
    8.3
    8.4
    8.5
    8.6
    8.7
    8.8
    8. 9

    PART III

    Basic Equations l 190


    Transverse Velocity Profiles for Fully Developed Flow l 193
    Boundary Shear Stress l 197
    Transverse Bed Slope and Grain-Size Distribution l 199
    Latera! Bed-Load Transport l 206
    Energy Expenditure in Curved Open Channels l 208
    Streamwise Variation of Spirai Motion l 212
    Computation of Flow through Curved Channels l 216
    Transverse Fio w and Cross-Stream Fio w in River Channels l 220
    References l 222

    REGIME RIVERS AND RESPONSES

    9. Analytical Basis for Hydraulic Geometry


    9 .l
    9.2

    190

    225
    227

    Applicable Physical Relationships l 227


    Physical Relationships Pertaining to Stable Width l 228

    10. Design of Stable Alluvial Channels

    233

    10.1 Regime Methods for Stable Alluvial Canal Design l 234


    10.2 Rational Metbod for Stable Alluvial Canal Design l 241
    10.3 Design of Stable Alluvial Canals in a System l 250
    10.4 Maturing of Canals l 253
    10.5 Hydraulic Geometry of Gravel-Bed Streams l 254
    11. Analytical River Morphology
    11.1
    11.2
    11 .3
    11.4
    11.5

    Analys!s of River Meanders l 26 2


    Power Approach to River Morphology and Thresholds l 271
    Channel Geometry, Channel Patterns, and Thresholds l 277
    River Channel Changes: Adjustments of Equilibrium l 283
    Formation of Alternate Bars l 290

    261

    Xii

    CONTENTS

    12. Pia n Geometry a nd Proccsses of R iver Meanders


    12. l
    12.2
    12.3
    12.4

    298

    Sine-Generated Curve l 299


    Meandcr Path Based on Streamwise Variation of Helical Motion l 300
    Processes Goveming Mcander Bend Migration l 309
    On the Cause of River Meandering l 312

    References for Part III

    316

    PART IV

    323

    MODELING OF RIVER CHANNEL CHANGES

    13. Mathematical Model for Er odible Channels


    13 .l
    13.2
    13.3
    13.4
    13.5
    13.6
    13.7
    13.8
    13.9

    325

    Physical Foundation of Auvial Process-Response l 326


    Channel W idth Adj ustments during Scour and Fili l 327
    Analytical Basis of the FLUVlAL Mode! l 330
    Water Routing l 331
    Sediment Routing l 333
    Simulation of Changes in Channel Width l 336
    S imulation of Changes in Channei-Bed Profile l 338
    Simulation of Changes Due to Curvatu re Effect l 339
    Test and Calibration of Mathematical Mode! l 340

    14. Computer-Aided Study of Alluvial River s

    342

    14.1 Generai Scour at Bridge Crossings l 342


    14.2 Graduai Breach Morphology l 352
    14.3 Stream Channel Changes lnduced by Sand and Grave! Mining l 358
    14.4 Tidal Responses of River and Delta System l 364
    1.4.5 Water and Sediment Routing through a C urved Channel l 371
    14.6 Fluvial Design of River Bank Protection l 377
    14.7 Stream Gaging of Fluvial Sediment l 384
    Refer ences for Pa r t IV

    391

    CONTENTS

    PART V

    RIVER ENG I ~EERI~G

    lS. River Training

    Xiii

    393
    395

    15. 1 Bank Protection l 396


    15.2 Dikes l 403
    15.3 Grade-Control Structures l 407
    References l 411

    APPENDIX:

    SOME COMMONLY USED TABLES

    NAME INDEX
    SUBJECT INDEX

    413

    417
    423

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