Metallurgy: Prepared by V.

Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

This file was last updated on 5th December, 2009. For the latest updates, visit
http://www.adichemadi.com

METALLURGY
IIT-JEE

1)
2)
3)

DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS ON EARTH

The most abundant element in the universe is
1) He
2) O
3) C
4) H
The core of the earth consists of
1) SiO2
2) Al
3) Fe alloyed with Ni 4) Fe in oxidised form
Light rocks in the continental crust contain
1) SiO2
2) Al2O3 + SiO2
3) MgO + SiO2
4) Al2O3

6)
7)

The first four most abundant elements in the earth crust are respectively
1) O, Si, Al, Fe 2) O, C, H, N
3) O, Si, Al, Ca
4) O, Si, Na, Al
The second most abundant element in heavy rocks is
1) Al
2) Mg
3) Fe
4) Si
The percentage by weight of oxygen and silicon in the earth crust is
1) 75%
2) 50%
3) 25%
4) 85%
Granite is an example of
1) Sedimentary rocks
2) Igneous rocks
3) Heavy rocks
4) None
Note : Granite is mainly aluminosilicate. It is formed on cooling of magma ( it is an igneous light rock)

8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)

The number of elements found in the nature is

1) 100
2) 120
3) 56
4) 88
Sea weeds are an important source of
1) Chlorine
2) Fluorine
3) Bromine
4) Iodine
Sea cucumbers are enriched with
1) Iodine
2) Vanadium
3) Bromine
4) None
The element present in the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase is
1) Zinc
2) Copper
3) Silver
4) Cadmium
The major source of bromine is
1) Horn silver
2) Sea water
3) Galena
4) All
The elements which can be recovered on large scale from sea water are
1) Na, Cl, Mg & Br
2) Na, Mg, Al & Li
3) Na, Cl, Fe & C
4) Zn, Cu, Mg & Al
The metals which exist in their native state in nature are
1) Cu, Ag, Au & Pt
2) Fe, Zn, Hg & Ni
3) Cu, Ag, Fe & Na 4) Na, Mg, Al & Si
O, N and Ar belong to the category
1) Chalcophiles
2) Lithophiles
3) Atmophiles
4) None
ORES

1)

2)

The characteristics of an ore is/are

1) high percentage of metal
2) low amounts of easily removable impurities
3) Low expenditure needed for the exraction
4) All
Which one of the following is not an oxide ore ?
1) Bauxite
2) Cuprite
3) Magnetite
4) Iron pyrites
Note :

3)

Bauxite Al2O3. 2H2O

Cuprite Cu2O
Magnetite Fe3O 4
Iron pyrites FeS2

Which one of the following is not an ore of iron

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

5)

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Note : Heavy rocks contain MgO + SiO2

4)

Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

1) Magnetite
2) Hematite
3) Siderite

The ore which does not contain Zinc is

1) Zinc blende
2) Zincite
Note :

5)

6)

4) Argentite

Dolomite : CaCO3. MgCO3

Barytes : BaSO4
Monite : Ca3 (PO4)3. H2O
Argentite : Ag2S

3) Cryolite

4) None

Thorite - ThSiO4
Monazite - Phosphate mineral of Thorium and other rare earths
Cryolite - Na3AlF6

Galena is the mineral of

1) Zn
Note :

4) Cuprite

Malachite - CuCO3 . Cu(OH)2

Azurite - [2 CuCO3]. Cu(OH)2
Copper pyrites - Cu2S. Fe2S3
Cuprite - Cu2O

The silicate mineral of Thorium is

1) Thorite
2) Monazite
Note :

9)

Zincite - ZnO
Zinc blend - ZnS
Calamine - ZnCO3
Zircon - ZrSiO4

Which among the following is a sulphide ore of copper

1) Malachite
2) Azurite
3) Copper pyrites
Note :

8)

4) Zircon

Match the following

A) Malachite
1) AgCl
B) Horn Silver
2) PbSO4
C) Anglesite
3) Cr2O3. FeO
D) Chromite
4) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2
The correct Matching is
A
B
C
D
1) 4
1
3
2
2) 4
1
2
3
3) 2
1
4
3
4) 3
1
2
4
The phosphate ore of calcium is
1) Dolomite
2) Barytes
3) Monite
Note :

7)

3) Calamine

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4)

Hematite - Fe2O 3
Siderite - FeCO 3
Cassiterite - SnO2

2) Pb

3) Pd

4) Ni

Galena - PbS

10) The element(s) that may occur in the native form in the nature is
1) Gold
2) Silver
3) Copper
4) All
11) The mineral which does not contain fluorine as one of the constituent element is
1) Cryolite
2) Fluorite
3) Both 1 & 2
4) None
Note :

Cryolite - Na3AlF6
Fluorite - CaF2

12) Match the following

A) Cerussite
B) Copper glance
C) Limonite

1) MgSO4. 7H2O
2) 3Fe2O3. 3H2O
3) Cu2S

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

Note :

2
4) Cassiterite

Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

D) Epsomite
4) PbCO3
The correct matching is
A
B
C
D
1) 1
2
4
3
2) 4
3
2
1
3) 2
4
3
1
4) 4
3
1
2
13) The chemical composition of wulfenite is
1) CuCO3. Cu(OH)2
2) PbMnO4
3) WO3
4) TiO2
14) The chemical composition of ruby copper is
1) Cu2O
2) Cu2S
3) CuCO3
4) Cu (OH)2
15) The ore of mercury is
1) Cinnabar
2) Fluorspar
3) Phosphorite
4) Argentite
16) The chemical composition of pyrolusite is
1) PbSO4
2) MnO2
3) PbS
17) Pitch blend is the chief ore of
1) Palladium
2) Lead
3) Uranium

4) Al2O3

4) Cesium

Note : Pitch blend - U3O8

18) The silicate ore of zinc is

1) Zinc blend
2) Willemite
Note :

3) Mica

Willemite - Zn2SiO4

19) The chemical composition of chile salt petre is

1) KNO3
2) NaNO3
3) AgNO3
Note :

4) Zincite

4) Fe2O3

KNO3 - Indian salt petre

NaNO3 - Chile salt petre

20) The composition of spathic iron ore is

1) Fe2S
2) FeS2

3) FeCO3

4) None

Note : Sideritic or spathic iron ore - FeCO3

21) Match the following

A) CaMg3 (SiO3)4
1) Pentlandite
B) KCl. MgCl2. 6H2O
2) Carnallite
C) (Ni, Fe) S
3) Asbestos
D) TiO2
4) Rutile
The correct matching is
A
B
C
D
1) 3
2
1
4
2) 1
2
3
4
3) 3
2
4
1
4) 4
2
1
3
22) The chemical composition of ruby silver is
1) AgCl
2) Ag3SbS3
3) Ag2S
4) AgCO3
23) The sulfide ore of copper which does not contain iron is
1) Copper pyrites
2) Cuprite
3) Chalcocite
4) Cobaltite
Note :

Chalcosite - Cu2S
Cobaltite - CoAsS

24) Wolframite and Scheelite are the ores of

1) Zinc
2) Manganese
3) Tungsten
Note :

Wolframite - (Fe, Mn) WO4

Scheelite - CaWO4

25) The silicate form of beryllium is

4) Gold

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

Cinnabar - HgS

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Note :

Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

1) Beryl
2) Emerald
3) Aquamarine
4) All

Note : Beryl is the silicate ore of beryllium (Be3Al2 (SiO3)6)

Emerald and Aquamarine are the gemstone varieties of beryl.
Emerald - Green colored due to presence of chromium
Aquamarine - Transparent variety of beryl with a delicate blue color.

26) The chemical composition of sphalerite is

1) ZnS
2) MnS

3) ZnSO4

4) NaCl

Note : ZnS is also called as Zincblend.

27) Ruby and sapphire are the gemstone varieties of

1) Bauxite
2) Corundum
3) Gibbsite
28) The stone which floats on water is
1) Sand stone
2) Pumice
3) Topaz
29) Cooperite is the ore containing
1) Pt
2) Pd
3) Ni

4) Gold
4) Hyacinth
4) All

Note :

3) Petalite

4) All

Spodumene - LiAl (SiO3)2 - (an inoslilicate)

Lepidolite - K Li2Al (Al, Si)3O10(F, OH)2 - (A phyllosilicate)
Petalite - LiAlSi4O10 (a tecto silicate)

31) The formula of stibnite (antimonite) is

1) SbS2
2) Sb2S

3) Sb2S3

4) Sb2S5

ORE DRESSING

1)

2)
3)

Choose the incorrect statement

i) The rocky, sandy and siliceous impurities associated with minerals are called gangue
ii) Flux is the chemical substance that reacts with infusible gangue by forming a fusible mass
called slag.
iii) The density of slag is less than that of metal
iv) All minerals are ores.
The correct statement (s)
1) i & iii
2) i only
3) iv only
4) iii & iv
The chemical composition of Thomas slag, used as a fertilizer, is
1) CaSO4. 2H2O
2) Ca3(PO4)2
3) Ca(NO3)2
4) CaSiO3
The basic flux used to remove SiO2 is
1) Al2O3
2) CaO
3) MgCl2
4) None
Note :
SiO 2
+
CaO
CaSiO3

Acidic gangue

4)

5)
6)
7)

8)
9)

basic flux

slag

Which of the following ore concentration methods depends upon difference in specific gravity of
the ore particles and impurities
1) Levigation method
2) Washing method
3) Wilfley method
4) All
The ore which can be concentrated by liquation method is
1) Stibnite
2) Heamatite
3) Magnesite
4) All
The ore cassiterite is concentrated by
1) Magnetic method
2) Liquation
3) Froath floatation
4) Wilfley method
The separation of magnetite (Fe3O4), Chromite (Cr2O3. FeO) and pyrolusite (MnO2) ores
from the non magnetic gangue is usually done by
1) Leaching
2) Magnetic separation
3) Liquation
4) None
The magnetic impurity present in cassiterite (SnO2) is
1) Wolframite
2) Bauxite
3) Galena
4) Willemite
The usual technique employed in separation of gangue from hydrophobic sulfide ores is

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

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Note : Cooperite - (Pt, Pd, Ni) S

30) The mineral containing Lithium is

1) Spodumene
2) Lepidolite

Note : NaCN forms a layer of Na2[Zn(CN)4] on the surface of ZnS particle and thus by preventing if from the ormation of
froth.
ZnS + NaCN Na2[Zn(CN)4] + Na2S
This technique is used to separate Galena - PbS (which forms froth selectively) from ZnS particles

14) The separation of ore by converting it into a water soluble compound by reacting with a suitable
chemical subtance is called
1) Roasting
2) Leaching
3) Liquation
4) Smelting
15) In the Bayers process, the leaching of alumina is done by using
1) Na2CO3
2) NaOH
3) SiO2
4) CaO
Note :
Alumina is converted to water soluble sodium meta aluminate by treating with sodium hydroxide
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
(or)
2 Al2O3 (s) + 2OH- (aq) + 3H2O 2[Al(OH)4]- (aq)

16) The leaching agent used in concentration of argentite ore is

1) NaCN
2) NaCN + O2
3) NaOH
Hint :

Ag2S +

4NaCN +

17) Cupric oxide can be leached by using

1) NaOH
2) NaCN
Hint :

CuO

4) O2

2O2 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na2SO4

Soluble complex

H2SO4

3) H2SO4

CuSO4

4) O2

H 2O

water soluble

EXTRACTION OF CRUDE METAL FROM THE ORE

1)

The process of removal of carbon dioxide by heating calamine ore is called

1) Roasting
2) Smelting
3) Calcination
4) All
ZnO CO2
The ore which is converted to its oxide by calcination process is
1) Cuprite
2) Magnesite
3) Heamatite
4) All
The gas evolved during the roasting of sulfide ores is
1) H2S
2) SO3
3) O2
4) SO2
Note : ZnCO3

2)
3)

Example : 4FeS2 + 11O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2

4)

5)

The reaction which can occur during the roasting of zinc blend at 6500C is
1) 2 ZnS + 3O2 2 ZnO + 2 SO2
2) ZnS + 2O2 ZnSO4
3) Both 1 & 2
4) None
During the chloridizing roasting, silver glance is converted to
1) Ag2S
2) AgCl
3) AgNO3
4) Ag

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

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Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

1) Froth floatation
2) Leaching
3) Roasting
4) Levigation
10) Choose the correct statement related to froth flotation process
a) Collectors like potassium ethyl xanthate are used to enhance the non wettability
(hydrophobicity) of mineral particles.
b) Pine oil is used as frother, which helps in formation of froth
c) Froth is stabilised by adding froth stabilizers like aniline or cresol
d) The gangue particles are more hydrophilic than ore particles and sink to the bottom
The correct statement (s)
1) a & c
2) a only
3) c & d
4) All
11) The modifier used to increase the pH during froth flotation process is
1) Soda ash
2) Lime
3) H2SO4
4) 1 or 2
12) The depressant used to suppress the floating of galena is
1) Lime
2) Soda ash
3) NaCN
4) All
13) The depressant used to prevent ZnS to form froth is
1) Soda ash
2) NaCN
3) Aniline
4) None

Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

Note :

6)

Ag2S + 2 NaCl + 2O2

0
600 C

2 AgCl + Na2SO4
Choose the correct statement

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H2S. Hence the reduction of sulfide ores by carbon and hydrogen is not thermodynamically feasible.
b) The heat efficiency of reverberatory furnace is very high.
c) The heat efficiency of blast furnace is very low.
d) The least temperature in the blast furnace is observed at the top.
Correct statement are
1) a only
2) a & d
3) b & c
4) d only
7) The reducing agent used in the reduction of zinc oxide is
1) H2
2) Coke
3) CaCO3
4) Water gas
8) The reducing agent used in the extraction of Nickel from its oxide is
1) Coke
2) Coal gas
3) Water gas
4) Nickel
9) Molydbenum can be extracted from its oxide by reducing with
1) H2
2) Coke
3) O2
4) None
10) The reducing agent used in Goldschmidt alumino thermic process is
1) Al2O3
2) Al
3) AlCl3
4) Fe
11) Chromium can be extracted from its oxide by using aluminium. In this case aluminium acts as
1) Reducing agent
2) Oxidising agent
3) Both 1 & 2
4) None
12) Alumina can be reduced to aluminium by
1) Coke
2) Electrolysis
3) H2
4) CO
Note: Aluminium cannot be obtained by chemical reduction due to its strong electro-positive nature and strong affinity with
oxygen.

13) The metal obtained during the reduction of cassiterite by coke is

1) Zinc
2) Antimony
3) Tin
4) Carbon
14) The reducing agent which can be used in the reduction of TiCl4 to Ti is
1) Coke
2) Mg
3) H2O
4) CO
15) During smelting process of copper pyrites, most of the iron impurity is removed as
1) Fe2O3
2) FeSiO3
3) FeS
4) FeSO4
Note :

2FeS + 3O2 2 FeO + 2SO2

FeO + SiO2 FeSiO3

16) The composition of matte obtained during smelting of copper pyrites is

1) Cu2O
2) Cu2S
3) Cu2S and little FeS 4) FeS and little Cu2S
Note :During the smelting process most of the iron sulfide is removed as FeSiO3 slag. Wheras copper remains mostly in sulfide
form (Cu2S).

17) The main reaction that occurs during the roasting of copper pyrites in a reverberatory furnace is
1) Cu2S. Fe2S3 + O2 Cu2S + 2 FeS + SO2
2) Cu2S. Fe2S3 + 6O2 Cu2O + Fe2O3 + 4SO2
3) CuFeS2 + 2O2 CuO + FeO + SO2
4) Cu2S. Fe2S3 Cu2S + Fe2S + 2S
18) Choose the incorrect statement
1) Silica is used as flux to remove iron part from copper pyrites.
2) Blister copper is formed due to auto reduction of Cu2O in the bessemerization process.
3) Pure copper is formed at anode during electrolytic refining of blister copper.
4) Coke is used to produce enough heat to drive the smelting process of copper pyrites.
19) The reducing agent used in Belgian process during the extraction of Zinc is
1) ZnO
2) C
3) CO2
4) ZnS
20) Which of the following reaction represents roasting of sphalerite ore ?
1) 2Cu2S + 3O2 2Cu2O + 2SO2
2) ZnS + O2 ZnO + SO2

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

a) The free energies of formation ( f G 0 ) of sulphide ores are greater than those of CS2 and

REFINING OF METALS

1)
2)

3)
4)
5)

Impure tin can be refined by

1) Roasting
2) Liquation
3) Smelting
4) Calcination
The method which uses green wood poles to reduce the oxide impurites from impure metals is
called
1) Cupellation
2) Green wood process
3) Poling
4) Smelting
The metal which can be refined by distillation process is
1) Zn
2) Cd
3) Hg
4) All
The best method used to refine gold metal is
1) Distillation
2) Electrolysis
3) Bassemerization
4) Oxidation
The suitable method used to remove lead impurity from impure silver is
1) Poling
2) Cupellation
3) Distillation
4) All

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

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Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

7
3) ZnO + C Zu + CO
4) Ag2S + NaCN + O2 Na[Ag(CN)2]
21) The charge feed into the blast furnace during the extraction of cast iron is
1) 8:4:1 parts by weight of roasted ore, coke and silica
2) 8:4:1 parts by weight of roasted ore, coke and lime stone
3) 8:4:1 parts by weight of roasted ore, silica and lime stone
4) 8:4 parts by weight of roasted ore and lime stone
22) The reaction that occurs in the zone of heat absorption in the blast furnace during the extraction of
cast iron is
1) Fe2O3 + 3C 2Fe + 3CO
2) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
3) CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
4) both 1 and 2
23) The reaction that does not occur in the zone of reduction in the blast furnace during the extraction of
cast iron is
1) Fe2O3 + 3C 2Fe + 3CO
2) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
3) CaCO3 CaO + CO2
4) both 1 and 2
24) The endothermic reaction that occurs in the zone of heat absorption in the blast furnace during the
extraction of cast iron is
1) CO2 + C 2CO
2) CaCO3 CaO + CO2
3) C + O2 CO2
4) both 1 and 2
25) Silica present as impurity in iron ore is removed as slag by reacting with
1) CaO
2) C
3) CO
4) all
26) The temperature of zone of fusion in the blast furnace is in the range of
1) 8000C - 10000C
2) 4000C - 7000C
3) 12000C - 13000C 4) 13000C - 15000C
27) Combustion of coke and melting of iron occurs in the following region of blast furnace
1) Zone of reduction
2) Zone of heat absorption
3) Zone of fusion
4) None
28) The percentage of carbon in cast iron is
1) 4%
2) 0.2%
3) 2%
4) 0.4%
29) The percentage of carbon in wrought iron is
1) 4%
2) 0.2%
3) 2%
4) 0.4%
30) The Puddlers candles are produced due to burning of
1) carbon
2) carbon monoxide 3) hydrogen 4) None
31) The alloy of iron containing 15-20% Mn and 60% C is called
1) Steel
2) spiegeleisen
3) Pig iron
4) Stainless steel
32) Choose the incorrect statement related to the manufacture of steel.
1) The composition of steel can not be controlled during the bessemer converter process.
2) Iron ore, scrap iron and low grade pig iron can be used during bessemer converter process.
3) The composition of steel can be controlled during the open hearth process.
4) There is loss of iron during bessemer converter process due to the use of blast of air.

Metallurgy: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com

6) Highly pure silicon can be obtained by
1) Electrolysis
2) Roasting
3) Zone refining
4) Liquation
7) The complex of nickel formed during Monds process is
1) NiCl4
2) Ni(CO)4
3) Ni(CO)6
4) K2[Ni (CN)4]

Note : Monds process is a vapour phase refining method of nickel. In this process, nickel is converted to volatile nickel
tetracarbonyl by heating in a stream of carbon monoxide at 330-350K. Then the complex is subjected to dissociation by
heating at higher temperature (450 - 470K) to get pure nickel
Ni

+ 4 CO

330-350K

impure

8)

Ni (CO) 4

450-470K

Volatile

Ni + 4CO
Pure

The vapour phase method used to purify zirconium is known as

1) Van Arkel method
2) Monds process
3) Gibbs method

4) Bayers process

Note : In the van Arkel method, Zirconium is heated in iodine vapour at about 870K to form volatile ZrI4. The latter
when heated over a tungsten filament at 2075K gives pure Zirconium.
870 K

Zr I 4

2070K

(Volatile)

Zr + 2 I 2
Pure

Titanium can also be refined by this method.

V. ADITYA VARDHAN
WWW.ADICHEMADI.COM
structure: Prepared by V. Aditya vardhan, adichemadi(at)gmail(dot)com
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Atomic

Key is available from

Key is available from http://www.adichemadi.com

impure

+ 2I 2

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Zr