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    Report On Bridge Development in Pakistan

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    khawaja Ali
    The document provides an overview of bridge structures in Pakistan. It discusses the types of bridges commonly used in Pakistan for roads and railways, including reinforced concrete, steel, and prestressed concrete bridges. It also describes some notable bridges such as the Chiniot Bridge and Ayub Bridge. Challenges in bridge construction include crossing major rivers and lack of experienced bridge inspectors. Major companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan include the National Highway Authority, JICA, SKB Engineering, and DESCON Constructions.

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    Report On Bridge Development in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    khawaja Ali
    454 views8 pages
    The document provides an overview of bridge structures in Pakistan. It discusses the types of bridges commonly used in Pakistan for roads and railways, including reinforced concrete, steel, and prestressed concrete bridges. It also describes some notable bridges such as the Chiniot Bridge and Ayub Bridge. Challenges in bridge construction include crossing major rivers and lack of experienced bridge inspectors. Major companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan include the National Highway Authority, JICA, SKB Engineering, and DESCON Constructions.

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    The document provides an overview of bridge structures in Pakistan. It discusses the types of bridges commonly used in Pakistan for roads and railways, including reinforced concrete, steel, and prestressed concrete bridges. It also describes some notable bridges such as the Chiniot Bridge and Ayub Bridge. Challenges in bridge construction include crossing major rivers and lack of experienced bridge inspectors. Major companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan include the National Highway Authority, JICA, SKB Engineering, and DESCON Constructions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    454 views8 pages

    Report On Bridge Development in Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    khawaja Ali
    The document provides an overview of bridge structures in Pakistan. It discusses the types of bridges commonly used in Pakistan for roads and railways, including reinforced concrete, steel, and prestressed concrete bridges. It also describes some notable bridges such as the Chiniot Bridge and Ayub Bridge. Challenges in bridge construction include crossing major rivers and lack of experienced bridge inspectors. Major companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan include the National Highway Authority, JICA, SKB Engineering, and DESCON Constructions.

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    of 8

    A REPORT ON

    BRIDGE STRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT


    IN PAKISTAN

    By
    Khawaja Ali
    (15RB909)
    Structural Engineering laboratory
    Course Name: Studio for Infrastructure Management F (RPSJ216)

    Submitted to: Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Katsuchi

    Graduate School of Urban Innovation, YNU Japan

    BRIDGE STRUCTURES IN PAKISTAN


    Bridges are the structures that allow movement of highway and railway traffic over
    natural or artificial gaps in the topography of the area such canals, rivers, gap between hills and
    difference of level in crossing roads etc. Selection of type of bridge mainly depends on local
    conditions, availability and cost of materials, volume of traffic, site requirements, geographical
    conditions, aesthetics and the expected economic return.
    If you visit the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in Southeast Asia, take notice of the country's
    bridges, many of which tell a story in addition to serving a function. Pakistan is a nation with
    dozens of rivers, so bridges play a major role in transportation. Famous rivers flowing through
    Pakistan includes Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Sutlej River, Kabul River etc. The
    majority of Pakistan's bridges don't boast any major feats in architectural design. Many are made
    from simple, precast concrete beams and girders.

    Types of Bridges Used in Pakistan


    In Pakistan many types of bridges have been constructed ranging from slab bridges to truss
    bridges spanning more than 60 meters. Similarly to the rest of the world, the selection of a
    certain bridge type is greatly influenced by the type of loading and site conditions. Many other
    factors like political influence, aesthetics or importance on the basis of defense, play important
    roles in bridge design. Sometimes bridges are designed for military loading if they are located in
    areas under military jurisdiction.
    If we try to generalize the bridges according to the type of traffic they carry, then road, railway
    and pedestrian bridges are usually found in Pakistan. In road bridges, concrete is the most
    preferable material because steel and timber are expensive in Pakistan as compared to the rest of
    world. Reinforced concrete slab bridges, reinforced concrete beam-slab bridges and prestressed
    concrete bridges are found, usually with a span range up to 30 meters. The substructures design
    is greatly affected by the subsurface conditions and elevation. Piles with transom have been a
    common solution of the substructure during the past decade (Figure1).

    Figure 1 Single Pier Foundation with Transom

    For railways, Pakistan Railways usually applies one of the following structural systems:
    reinforced concrete slab, steel I-girders with concrete deck, steel trusses and prestressed box
    girders. In case of pedestrian bridges concrete and steel structures are still the most common
    option. Unlike Sweden, where wood is cheaper and with better quality, timber pedestrian bridges
    are not common in Pakistan.
    Some bridges are designed keeping in mind some special circumstances. For example the
    Colander Hamilton Bridge type is used for temporary solutions in case of emergent bridge
    replacement and for construction by military engineering units. Under current bridge design
    practice, conceptual design is highly influenced by the fact that Pakistan is situated in an
    earthquake zone along with flood hazard. Of this reason concrete frame bridges are not a
    common solution for short-spans in Pakistan, unlike Sweden.
    This is a list of some important road flyovers, road overpasses, road and railway bridges in
    Pakistan.

    Abdullahpur Flyover, road flyover, overpass, Faisalabad, Punjab


    Attock Bridge, road and railway bridge, Indus River
    Ayub Bridge, railway bridge, Sukkur
    Aziz Cross/Rawalpindi Bypass Chowk Flyover, Gujranwala, Punjab (proposed)
    Chandni Chowk Flyover, road flyover, Rawalpindi, Punjab
    Chenab Bridge, G.T Road Gujrat, Punjab
    Chiniot Bridge, road bridge, Chiniot, Punjab
    Chund Bridge, road and railway bridge, Jhang, Punjab
    Harbanspura Interchange, road flyover, Lahore, Punjab
    Jhelum Bridge, road bridge, G.t Road, Jhelum, Punjab

    Jinnah Bridge, road bridge, Karachi, Sindh


    Kak Pul, road bridge, Islamabad
    Kalma Chowk Flyover, road flyover, overpass, Lahore, Punjab
    Kohala Bridge, road bridge, Kohala
    Kotri Bridge, road and railway bridge, Hyderabad
    Lansdowne Bridge Rohri, railway bridge, Sukkur
    Lasbela Bridge, road bridge, Karachi, Sindh
    Muslim Town Flyover, road flyover, overpass, Lahore, Punjab
    Nishtar Chowk Flyover, Multan, Punjab
    Shaheen Chowk Flyover, Bypass road, Gujrat, Punjab (proposed)
    T-Shape Flyover, G.T Road/Sialkot Road. Gujranwala, Punjab
    Youyi Bridge, road bridge, Thakot[1]
    Yousuf Raza Gillani Flyover, Multan, Punjab
    Zero Point Interchange, road overpass, Islamabad

    Road Bridges
    Youyi Bridge, which spans the Indus River in the town of Thakolt, was completed in 1978 and is
    named in dedication to the Chinese workers who perished in the construction of the Karakoram
    Highway.
    The Chiniot Bridge is a four-lane beam style bridge that spans two channels of the Chenab River
    near the town of Chiniot. The bridge also passes over the Sargohda-Chiniot rail track. Chiniot
    Bridge, completed in June 2001, is constructed of concrete piers and girders (Figure2).
    Kalma Chowk Flyover is a flyover and a road bridge passing over the main square of Lahore. It
    is passing through the Kalma Chowk. This flyover was made due to the heavy traffic on the
    Ferozepur Road. The project was started by the Punjab government on March 5, 2011 and
    completed in a record period, in 135 days.

    Figure 2 Chiniot Bridge

    Railway Bridges
    Railway bridges in Pakistan are largely smelted iron truss structures because they must be able to
    hold a larger load than road bridges. The Jhelum Bridge, which crosses the Jhelum River in the
    town of Jhelum, is composed of iron trusses over a long network of concrete piers. The Jhelum
    Bridge and the Adam Wahan Bridge were built by the same engineer named William St. John
    Galwey.
    Ayub Bridge named after Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan), is a
    railway bridge over the Indus river between Rohri and Sukkur in Sindh province, Pakistan. The
    bridge is about 806 feet long, 247 feet high and cost Rs21.6 million. It has served the city for 50
    years by providing a strong link for rail traffic between Sukkur and Rohri (Figure3)

    Figure 3 Ayub Bridge

    Dual-Purpose Bridges
    The Chund Bridge crosses the Chenab River and is open to all forms of traffic, including trains,
    cars and pedestrians. The bridge is a beam-style bridge built on concrete piers and with metal
    beams.
    Swinging Bridges
    In remote areas of Pakistan, you will find several swinging rope suspension bridges made by
    local citizens to make travel easier. The Hussaini-Borit Lake Bridge in the Upper Hunza is
    widely regarded as the most dangerous suspension bridge in the world and has become a popular
    tourist attraction among adventure seekers. Although not sound, it is the only means of travel for
    many who seek a route to the cities of northern Pakistan. It has several missing planks, and those

    who cross it will feel it sway with the slightest breeze. It is no longer safe for use and is an eerie
    indication of the delicate nature of the Hussaini-Borit Bridge (Figure4).

    Figure 4 Valley Bridge

    Challenges and Problems


    The biggest challenge in bridge building in Pakistan comes at the crossings of the five major
    rivers in Punjab and the Indus River in Sindh respectively. None of the governments of the past,
    imperial or otherwise, attempted to construct permanent bridges over these rivers as rivers were
    almost always used as another line of defense against invaders from the north and west. That is
    one reason one sees major old forts all along the south and east sides of the rivers and no
    permanent bridges.
    Moreover, besides continuous fine tuning of various components of computerized Road Asset
    Management System (RAMS), the effective implementation and sustainability of the system are
    two major challenges. The main reason was the shortage of experienced bridge inspectors,
    equipment and integration with regional offices and local units. Meanwhile, bridges maintenance
    has been done without any plans. Besides this, high risk of damages and degradation caused by
    traffic volume increase, overloading, poor design/construction etc. are contributing factors for
    deterioration of bridges.
    Other problems are related to modernization of bridge inspection methods, procedures and
    guidelines.

    Companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan


    Islamabad; 21 October, 2015: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and National
    Highway Authority (NHA) of Pakistan have agreed to implement a two and half year technical
    cooperation "Project for Technical Assistance on Implementation of Bridge Management System
    (BMS) in NHA" for improving the maintenance status on the bridges of National Highways in
    Pakistan. In Pakistan, NHA is responsible for the operation and management of national highway
    network totaling 12,131km, which is 4.6% of the overall road network of Pakistan, including
    about 5,500 bridges and 16,000 culverts.
    Other major companies involved in bridge development in Pakistan are as follows:

    SKB Engineering Constructions

    DESCON Constructions

    NESPAK Consultants

    SPARCO Construction Company

    AZ Engineers

    Bridge Pakistan Pvt. Limited

    Communications and Works Department Punjab

    Railway Construction Pakistan Limited (RAILCOP)

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