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    Deflection of Truss (Compatibility Mode)

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    Luthfi Pratama
    This document discusses the principle of virtual work and how it can be used to analyze the deflections of trusses. It provides examples of applying virtual work to find displacements, relative movements between nodes, and member rotations for different truss structures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Deflection of Truss (Compatibility Mode)

    Uploaded by

    Luthfi Pratama
    308 views15 pages
    This document discusses the principle of virtual work and how it can be used to analyze the deflections of trusses. It provides examples of applying virtual work to find displacements, relative movements between nodes, and member rotations for different truss structures.

    Original Description:

    Daniel Teruna

    Original Title

    Deflection of Truss [Compatibility Mode]

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    This document discusses the principle of virtual work and how it can be used to analyze the deflections of trusses. It provides examples of applying virtual work to find displacements, relative movements between nodes, and member rotations for different truss structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    308 views15 pages

    Deflection of Truss (Compatibility Mode)

    Uploaded by

    Luthfi Pratama
    This document discusses the principle of virtual work and how it can be used to analyze the deflections of trusses. It provides examples of applying virtual work to find displacements, relative movements between nodes, and member rotations for different truss structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Structural Analysis I

    DEFLECTIONS OF TRUSS

    Daniel Rumbi Teruna


    School of Civil Engineering
    University of North Sumatera

    Virtual Works
    Principle of Virtual Force-Unit Load Method
    In equation this principle is expressed as
    W =U
    where
    W = work done by external virtual force(s) upon a real displacement system.
    U = work done by internal virtual forces upon a real displacement system.
    Consider a truss system, represented by the rectangular boxes in the figures below,
    loaded by two different loading systems a real load system and a virtual unit load.
    The real load system is the actual load applied to the truss under consideration. The
    unit load is a virtual load of unit magnitude applied at a point whose displacement
    we want and applied in the direction of the displacement we want. These loads are
    shown outside of the boxes together with the displacements under the loads. The
    corresponding internal member force and member elongation are shown inside of
    the boxes.

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    A real system (left) and a virtual system (right).

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    We will now consider three loading cases:


    (1) The case of externally applied loads act alone. The applied loads, Pi, and
    internal member forces, Fj , generate work according to the force-displacement
    histories shown in the figures below.

    Virtual Works

    Work done by external force (left) and work done by internal force (right)-case 1.
    The conservation of mechanical energy principle calls for
    (1)

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    (2) The case of virtual unit load acts alone. The figure below illustrates the
    forcedisplacement histories.

    Work done by external force (left) and work done by internal force (right)-case 2.
    Again, the energy conservation principle calls for
    (2)

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    (3) The case of the virtual unit load being applied first, followed by the application of
    the real loads. The force-displacement histories are shown in the figures below.

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    Application of the energy conservation principle leads to
    (3)
    Substracting Eq. 3 by Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 yields
    (4)
    which is the principle of virtual force statement expresssed in the unit-load context.
    Example 1. Find the vertical displacement at node 2 of the truss shown, given
    E=10GPa, A=100 cm2 for all bars.

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    Solution. Using the unit load method requires
    the solution for the member elongation, Vi,
    under the appied load and the virtual member
    force, fi, under the unit load as shown in the
    figure below

    A unit load applied in the direction of the displacement to be solved.

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    Thus, the vertical displacement at node 2 is 0.0533 mm, downward.


    Example 2. Find (a)the relative movement of nodes 2 and 6 in the direction joining
    them and (b) rotation of bar 2, given E=10 GPa, A=100 cm2 for all bars.

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    Solution. The nodal displacments
    related to the relative movement and
    rotation in question are depicted in
    the figures below.

    Relavant nodal displacements.


    To find the relative movement between node 2 and node 6, we can apply a pair of unit
    loads as shown. We shall call this case as case (a).

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    Unit load for movement between node 2 and
    node 6 in the direction of 2-6, case (a).

    To find the rotation of bar 2, we can apply a pair of unit loads as shown. We shall
    call this case as case (b).

    Unit load to find rotation of bar 2, case (b).

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    For case (a), Eq. 4 becomes

    The relative movement in the direction of 2-6 is 8.86 mm in the opposite direction of
    what was assumed for the unit load, i.e., away from each other, not toward each other.
    For case (b), Eq. 4 becomes

    For the rotation of bar 2, we note that the 9.83 computed represents a relative vertical
    movement between node 2 and node 3 of 9.83 mm in the opposite direction of what
    was assumed for the pair of unit loads. That relative vertial movement translates into a
    counterclockwise rotation of 9.83mm/4,000mm=0.0025 radian.

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