ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

and
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Course Requirements:
Read -CAREFULLY- the entire Administrative Code of 1987 (AC).
Review the applicable AC provisions before each class
Expect to be called to recite on AC provisions, and related rules.
All words and phrases (i.e. attachment) found in the outline must be researched and will be
covered during your recitation.
General Class Policies:
There is NO required Textbook. Students are not allowed to drop except for meritorious reasons.
Cheating in any form will be dealt with promptly and severely. Three (3) unexcused absences will merit
a 5 in the Class Participation component for grading. Final Grades will be based on: 1. Written
Examination(s); 2. Class Activities/Group Work Assignments; and 3. Class Participation. The right to
adjust the final grade based on exemplary or egregious attendance or participation is reserved.
SESSION 1
I. Historical and Constitutional Considerations
Read background material available in textbook of your choice.
Read Chapters 1 to 7: A Guide to Careers in Administrative Law
http://www.law.harvard.edu/current/careers/opia/toolkit/guides/documents/adminlawgui
de.pdf
A. Development of Administrative Law as a Distinct field of Public Law
i. Emergence of administrative agencies
ii. Refinement of Separation of Powers doctrine to accommodate administrative
agencies
iii. The Constitutional Position of Administrative Agencies
B. Defining Key Terms Administrative Law, Administrative Agencies; Types of Administrative
Agencies
i. Bureau, Office, Instrumentality, Regulatory Agency, Chartered Institutions, GOCCs
ii. See AC Section 2
C. Administrative Law vis-a-vis Constitutional Law
D. Benefits and Costs of Administrative Action over Traditional Action by the 3 Branches
II. Control of Administrative Action
A. Executive Power of the President
i. Art. VII, Secs 1, 17, 1987 Constitution
a) control and supervision
b) attachment
ii. Appointment of Agency Officials, Removal of Agency Officials
iii. Re-Organization of Agencies, Abolition
Anak Mindanao Party-List Group v. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 166052,
August 29, 2007
Bagaoisan v. National Tobacco Administration, G.R. No. 152845, August 5, 2003
National Land Titles and Deeds Registration Administration v. Civil Service
Commission, 221 SCRA 145
Enrique U. Betoy v. The Board of Directors, National Power Corporation, G.R. No.
156556-57, 2011.

B. Congressional Oversight
i. Degree and Scope by which Congress controls Administrative Agencies
ii. Emerging trend
C. The Ombudsman
Concerned Officials of MWSS v. Vasquez, 240 SCRA 502 (1995)
Lastimosa v. Vasquez, 243 SCRA 497 (1995)
Fuentes v. Office of the Ombudsman - Mindanao, G.R. No. 124295, Oct. 23,
2011
SESSION 2
III. Powers and Functions of Administrative Agencies
A. Enforcement/Executive Function
i. Policy-making, Fact-Finding and Enforcement Proper
ii. Executive Interpretation, Opinions (DOJ, SEC, etc.) and Policy Statements
iii. Executive Branch Review of Administrative Decisions
a) Authority of Department Heads Sec. 79 (c), Administrative Code
b) Authority of President and the Executive Secretary
When Appeal to the President indispensable
Dimaisip v. Court of Appeals
B. Legislative Function Rule-making and the Problem of Delegation
i. Legislation (Article VI Section 1, Constitution) vs. Rule-making
(Book VII, Administrative Procedure, Secs. 1-9, Administrative Code of 1987)
ii. Non-Delegation Doctrine
ALA Schecter Poultry Corp. v. US, 295 U.S. 495 (1935)
White v. Roughton, 530 F 2d 750 (CA 71976)
JW Hampton and Co. v. United States
Compania General de Tabacco v. Public Utility Commission, 34 Phil. 136 (1916)
US v. Ang Tang Ho, 43 Phil 1 (1922)
Pelaez v. Auditor General,15 SCRA 569 (1965)
Edu v. Ericta, 35 SCRA 481 (1970)
Agustin v. Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)
Philippine Communications Satellite Corp. v. Alcuaz, 180 SCRA 218 (1989)
Santiago v. COMELEC, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
SESSION 3
iii. Forms of Permissible Delegation
a) Delegation to Local Governments
b) Delegation to the President in Specific Instances
c) Supplementary Legislation - Filling In of Details
d) Interpretative Rules
Victorias Co. v. Social Security Commission, 114 Phil. 555 (1962)
Peralta v. Civil Service Commission, 212 SCRA, 425 (1992)
ABAKADA Guro Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, August 14, 2008
e) Contingent Legislation Ascertainment of Facts
Field v. Clark, 143 US 649 (1892)
f) Fixing of Rates, Wages and Prices
Panay Autobus Co. v. Phil. Railway Co., 57 Phil. 172 (1933)

 KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, 239 SCRA 386 (1994)

Vigan Electric Co. v. PSC, 10 SCRA 46 (1964)
g) Licensing
Secs. 17-18, Book VII, Administrative Code of 1987
Gonzalo Sy Trading v. Central Bank of the Philippines, 70 SCRA 570 (1976)
Specific Area:
Natural Resources
Water
Land
Mining
Petroleum, Natural Gas
SESSION 4
iv. Parameters of Administrative Rule-Making
a) Scope and Reach
Olsen & Co. v. Aldanese, 43 Phil. 259 (1922)
Land Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, 249 SCRA 149 (1995)
Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
China Banking Corp., v. Members of the Board of Trustees, Home Development
Mutual Fund, 307 SCRA 443 (1999)
People v. Maceren, 79 SCRA 450 (1977)
People v. Que Po Lay, 94 Phil. 640 (1954)
b) General Requisites for Validity
Dagan v. Philippine Racing Commission, G.R. No. 175220, February 12, 2009
c) Sufficiency of Standards in the Statute
Cannot be unbounded hence, effectively standardless
Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935)
Reasonableness as an Implied Standard - Wisconsin Inspection v. Whitman, 196
Wis. 427, 220 MW 929 (1928)
Why is Reasonableness an Implied Standard in every statute?
To Promote Simplicity, Economy or Efficiency; Maintain Monetary Stability,
Promote Rising Level of Production and Real Income - People v. Joliffe, 105
Phil. 177 (1959)
Interest of Law and Order - Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 661
(1919)
Public Interest - People v. Rosenthal & Osmea, 68 Phil. 328 (1939)
Justice Equity and Substantial Merits of the Case - Int'l Hardwood & Veneer Co.
v. Pangil Federation, 70 Phil. 602 (1940)
Morality? - Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Commission, 236 US 230 (1914)
Sacrilegious? - Burstyn v. Wilson, 343 US 495 (1952)
d) Publication, Effectivity, Prospective or Retroactive
Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446
Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Torres, 212 SCRA 298 (1992)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Azucena T. Reyes, G.R. No. 159694,
January 27, 2006
2. Rosario Dadulo v. Honorable Court of Appeals, Office of the Ombudsman, et
al, G.R. No. 175451, Sept. 28, 2007
Specific Area:

Transportation
Aviation, Maritime, Land Transport, Tollways

SESSION 5
C. Judicial Function Administrative Adjudication
i. Source of Power/Basic Premises
Secs. 10-15, Book VII, Administrative Code
ii. Classifications
a) Enabling Power
b) Directing Power
Dispensing v. Examining v. Summary Power
iii. Subpoenas, Contempt
a) In General Sec. 13, Book VII, Administrative Code
b) Special Statutory Grant
Evangelista v. Jarencio, 68 SCRA 99 (1975)
Guevarra v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 12596 July 25, 1958
iv. Administrative Search and Seizure; Warrants of Arrest
Art. III, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution as compared with Art. IV, Sec. 3, 1973
Constitution
Qua Chee Gan v. Deportation Board, 9 SCRA 27 (1963)
Harvey v. Defensor- Santiago, 74 SCRA 96 (1976)
Board of Commissioners (CID) v. De la Rosa , 197 SCRA 853 (1991)
Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 US 523, 87 S. Ct. 1727, 18 L. Ed. 2930 (1967)
See v. Seattle, 387 US 541, 87 S. Ct. 1737, 18 L Ed. 2d 943
v. Administrative Sanctions; Fines and Penalties
Oceanic Stream Navigation Co. v. Stranahan, 214 US 230 (1908)
RCPI v. Board of Communications, GR No. L-43653, Nov. 29, 1977
Perez v. LPG Refillers Association of the Philippines, Inc., 492 SCRA 638 (2006)
Specific Area:
Agriculture, Environment and Climate Change
SESSION 6
IV. Administrative Adjudication Procedures
Book VII, Secs. 1-26, Administrative Code.
A. Cardinal Rights
Ang Tibay v. CIR, 69 Phil. 635 (1950)
Vinta Maritime Co., Inc. v. NLRC, 284 SCRA 656 (1998)
UP Board of Regents v. Court of Appeals, 313 SCRA 404 (1999)
American Inter-Fashion Corp. v. Office of the President, 197 SCRA 409 (1991)
Pefianco v. Moral, 322 SCRA 439 (2000)
B. Jurisdiction
i. Sources of Jurisdiction
ii. Concept of Limited Jurisdiction v. Plenary Jurisdiction
iii. Cases
Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17 (1977)
Vera v. Cuevas, 90 SCRA 379 (1979)
Carino v. Commissioner on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)

Simon v. Commissioner on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994)

Laguna Lake Development Authority v. Court of Appeals, 231 SCRA 292 (1994)
Delta Ventures Resources Inc., v. CAB, 270 SCRA 538 (1997)
Arranza v. BF Homes Inc., GR No. 131683, June 19, 2000

Specific Area:
Communications, Media
Telecommunications
Broadcast and Cable Radio, TV
Internet
Print
SESSION 7
C. Formal Adjudication i.e. Notice and Hearing
i. When Required
National Development Co. v. Collector, 9 SCRA 429 (1963)
Felix Uy v. COA, GR No. 130685, March 21, 2000
ii. When is Formal Adjudication NOT required
Suntay v. People, 101 Phil. 833 (1957)
Bishop v. Galang, 8 SCRA 244 (1963)
Pollution Adjudication Board v. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 112 (1991)
D. Applicable Rules of Procedure and Evidentiary Rules
i. Authority to promulgate rules
ii. Limits
iii. Construction of Administrative Rules of Procedure
iv. Standards of Evidence; Burden and Proof;
Philippine Movie Pictures v. Premier Production, 92 Phil. 844 (1953)
Estate of Florencio Buan v. Pambusco, 99 Phil. 373 (1956)
Rizal Light v. Municipality of Rizal, 24 SCRA 285
E. Form and Promulgation of Judgment
Indias v. Phil Iron Mines, 107 Phil. 297 (1957)
Serrano v. PSC, 24 SCRA 867 (1968)
American Tobacco Co. v. Director of Patents, 67 SCRA 287 (1975)
Neria v. Commissioner of Immigration, 23 SCRA 806 (1968)
Sichangco v. Board of Commissioners of Immigration, GR No. L-23545, Nov. 7,
1979
Realty Exchange Venture Corp. v. Sendino, 233 SCRA 665 (1994)
F. Administrative and Judicial Proceedings Arising from the Same Facts
Galang v. Court of Appeals, 2 SCRA 234
Co San v. Director of Patents, GR No. 10563, Feb. 23, 1961
Villanos v. Subido, 45 SCRA 142
PNR v. Domingo, 42 SCRA 142
Tan v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 353 (1994)
Specific Area:
Economic Regulation 1

 Securities and Capital Markets

Banking and Financial Institutions
SESSION 8
V. Judicial Review of Administrative Interpretations and Adjudication
A. Sources of Authority to Conduct Judicial Review of Executive Action
i. Phil. Constitution v. US Constitution
ii. Statutes
B. General Principles Governing Review of Agency Action
a) Deference to agency determinations, legal interpretations - Chevron USA Inc. v.
NRDC, 467 US 837 (1984)
b) Hard Look Doctrine; arbitrary and capricious review - Motor Vehicles
Manufacturers v. State Farm 463 U.S. 29 (1983)
c) Agency Inaction - Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821 (1985)
d) Substantive Canons (Constitutional Avoidance) v Semantic Canons of Construction,
Textual Interpretation (Finding Ambiguity)
e) Whether considered Trial De Novo
C. Standing and Reviewability (i.e. Ripeness, Finality of Administrative Action)
Ursal v. Court of Tax Appeals, 101 Phil. 209 (1957)
Kilosbyan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540 (1995)
Abbot Laboratories v. Gardner, 387 US 136 (1967)
Specific Area:
Economic Regulation 2
Trade, Tariffs and Taxes
Intellectual Property
SESSION 9
D. Deference and Interpretive Consistency - Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
i. Rationale
ii. Links to Separation of Powers
iii. Effect on pending case of a ruling finding that remedies were not exhausted
iv. Cases
Pascual v. Provincial Board, 106 Phil. 446 (1959)
Alzate v. Aldana, 107 Phil. 298 (1960)
Cipriano v. Marcelino, 43 SCRA 291 (1972)
Corpuz v. Cuaderno, GR No. 1-17860, March 30, 1962
De Lara v. Clorivel, 14 SCRA 269 (1965)
PAAT v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 167 (1997)
Quasha v. SEC, 83 SCRA 557 (1978)
Pestanas v. Dyogi, 81 SCRA 574 (1978)
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 255 SCRA 438 (1996)
Specific Area:
Energy
Electricity and traditional sources
Renewable energy

SESSION 10
E. Deference and Overlapping Jurisdiction Primary Jurisdiction
i. Rationale
ii. Links to Separation of Powers
iii. Effect on pending case of a finding of primary jurisdiction
iv. Cases
Texas & Pacific Railway Co. v. Abilene, 204 US 426 (1907)
Phil. Global Communications, Inc. v. Relova, 145 SCRA 385 (1986)
Viadad v. RTC of Negros Oriental, 227 SCRA 271 (1993)
Industrial Enterprises v. Court of Appeals, 184 SCRA 426 (1990)
Phil. Veterans Bank v. Court of Appeals, 322 SCRA 139 (2000)
Conrad and Co. v. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 691 (1995)
Specific Area:
Health, Food and Drugs
SESSION 11
VI. Factors Affecting Judicial Review of Administrative Action
A. Law-Fact Distinction
i. Legal Basis
ii. Purpose of distinguishing
iii. Effect on Remedy to be used
iv. Case
Aboitiz Shipping Corp. v. Pepeti, 18 SCRA 1028 (1966)
B. Questions of Law Review of Agency Legal Interpretations
O'Leary v. Brown Pacific-Maxon Inc.., 340 US 504 (1951)
O'Keeffe v. Smith Associates, 380 US 359 (1965)
Ortua v. Encarnacion, 59 Phil 440 (1934)
Mejia v. Mapa, 50 OG No. 6, 2507 (1954)
Ysmael v. CIR, 108 Phil. 407 (1960)
C. Questions of Fact Review of Agency Factual Determinations
Universal Camera v. NLRB, 340 US 474 (1951)
Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, 204 SCRA 767 (1991)
PAL v. Confessor, 231 SCRA 41 (1994)
German Marine Agencies v. NLRC, 350 SCRA 629 (2001)
D. Questions of Discretion - Review of Agency Policy-making, Discretion and Conclusions
Laguna Tayabas v. PSC, GR No. 10903, Jan. 18, 1957
Kapisanan sa La Suerte v. Noriel, 77 SCRA 414 (1977)
Federation of Free Workers v. Noriel, 86 SCRA 132 (1978)
Specific Area:
Labor and Immigration
SESSION 12
VII.
Modes of Judicial Review
A. Common Provisions

Art. IX, A. Common Provisions, Sec. 7, 1987 Constitution

BP Blg. 129, Sec. 9 as amended by R.A. No. 7902 (1995)
Book VII, Sec. 25, 1987 Administrative Code
B. Rule 43 Appeals
1997 Rules on Civil Procedure
C. Special Civil Action (Rule 65 Certiorari)
Purefoods v. NLRC, 171 SCRA 415 (1989)
Azores v. SEC, 252 SCRA 387 (1996)
Villaruel v. NLRC, 284 SCRA 399 (1998)
D. Prohibition
Chua Hiong v. Deportation Board, 96 Phil. 665 (1955)
Simon v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994)
Paredes v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 126 (1996)
E. Declaratory Relief
Mirando v. Wellington Ty & Bros. Inc., 81 SCRA 506 (1978)
F. Common Provisional Remedies Against Administrative Agency Action
i. Mandamus
Blanco v. Board of Examiners, 46 Phil. 190 (1955)
Ng Gloc Liu v. Sec of Foreign Affairs, 85 Phil. 842 (1950)
Policarpio v. Phil Veterans Board, 99 Phil. 797 (1956)
Tan v. Veterans Backpay Commission, 105 Phil. 377 (1959)
Province of Pangasinan v. Reparations Commission, 80 SCRA 376
(1977)
ii. Injunction
a) In General
Collector v. Reyes, 90 Phil. 70 (1951)
Pineda v. Lantin, 6 SCRA 757 (1962)
Lemi v. Valencia, 7 SCRA 469 (1963)
Honda v. San Diego, 16 SCRA 406 (1966)
Nocnoc v. Vera, 88 SCRA 529 (1979)
b) Special Note: Injunction Against Government Projects
Specific Area:
Housing and Education