A. Background of The Study: Activate. Another Kind of Affix Is Suffix, It Is An Affix Which Attached in The End of

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
For English language learners, there are four skills that every learners have
to master them. One of them is witing, by writing, learners acquire new
knowledge and vocabulary.
According to Ogrady (2005, p.127) that affixation is the dominant
inflectional process in language. Likewise, Yule (2006, p.116) says that there are
three types of affixes, an affix is attached to the front of its base is called prefix
while an affix is attached to the end of its base is termed a suffix; in the other
side, an affix is inserted after the first consonant the root to mark a completed
event.
Base on the explanation above, prefix in an affix which is attached in front
of word; for example in deactivate, an affix de- is attached in front of the verb
activate. Another kind of affix is suffix, it is an affix which attached in the end of
word; for example hunter, an affix -er is attached in the end of verb hunt. The
last, Infix is an affix is attached in the middle of word; for example in Tagalog
language the word binili, there is an infix -in- is attached in the middle of verb
bili. Another example infix in sundanesse language an affix is attached in the
middle of word barudak, an affix -ru- is attached in the middle of noun barudak.
B. Focus of the Study
In this study the writer will focus on analyzing of verbs changing which
ocour affix in verb. The writer will only explain of verbs changing after obtaining
prefix or suffix.
C. Statement of the Study

In arranging this paper, the writer formulated the problem in the following
research question is. How are the distribution of English derivational affixes that
change verbs into nouns in students writing?
D. Purpose of the Study

Based on the statement, purpose of this study is to find the English
derivational affixes that changes verbs into nouns in students writing.
E. Significance of the Study

The writer hopes this research will give information and useful to
understanding about the verbs changing. It may be used as the discussion in
learning English. For English learners it can increase their new knowledge about
the meaning, new vocabulary, and part of speech.
F. Theoretical framework
a. word
Word is a smallest unit of meaning and syntax in a language. It has

important rule in forming sentences. Crystal (2008, p.521) states, Word is
a unit of expression which has universal intuitive recognition by native
speakers, both spoken and written language. In line with that, Arronof et
al. (2005, p.34) point out, Word is to call them the smallest unit of syntax
because many words cannot stand alone; it has to begin or end with
another words to make formation of language for build a sentence. From
the explanations above the writer concludes that word is the united syntax
in the conversation or writing product and it is important in language for
analyzing from element of words.
b. Free Morpheme and Bound Morpheme

Free morpheme is morphemes that can stand by themselves as
single word (Yule, 2006, p.63). In other word, Fromkin, Rodman, and
Hyams, (2014, p.40) state, Free morphemes is whether they can stand
alone or whether they must be attached to a base morpheme. For example
the words of boy, open, girl, and man. Besides that, there is a bound
morpheme. According to Yule (2006, p.63), Bound morphemes, which
are those forms that cannot normally stand alone and are typically attached
to another form. In addition, Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, (2014, p.40)
point out, Bound Morphemes are never words by themselves but are
always parts of words. Exemplified as un-, -or, -ed, and -ing. These
affixes are bound morphemes and they are attached at the beginning
(prefix), the end (suffix), in the middle (infix), or both at the beginning and
end (circumfix) of a word.
c. Word Formation Processes

Word as a part of language has important rule in forming a
language. Every time people get more new words unless they know the
way it happens. The meaning of new words form is influenced by the
process of forming a word. This process is usually called word formation
process. Word formation process is a way forming new word such as;
etymology, coinage, borrowing, compounding, derivation, blending,
clipping, back formation, conversion and acronym.
d. Inflection
According to Ogrady et al. (2005, p.127), Inflection is the
modification of a words form to indicate grammatical information of
various sort. Furthemore, Yule (2006, p.64) states, Inflectional
morphemes are not used to produce new word in the language, but rather
to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word. For example,
the English plural suffixes -s in pencil-s is an inflectional suffixes because
it distinguishes the plural form pencils from the singular form pencil.
Pencils and pencil are thus different grammatical form of the same
lexeme.
e. Derivation
In morphological study, the process to produces new words form
can be found in derivation process. Ogrady et al. (2005, p.118),
Derivation is an affixational process that forms a word with a meaning

and/or category distinct from that of its base. In line with that, Yule
(2006, p.64) points out, Derivational morphemes are bound morpheme to
make new words of a different grammatical category from the stem. For
example seller this word is a form of derivational. The based word is sell a
verb form which is added with suffix -er it changes the form be seller as a
noun. Besides that, Lado (1964, p.21) defines, Derivational morphemes
can change the core meaning and often the class of the word, e.g.; book, a
noun, plus -ish, a derivational morpheme produces an adjective, bookish.
f. Affixes.
An affix is morpheme wich only occurs when attached to some
other morpheme or morphomes such as a root or stem or base (Katamba,
1993, p.44). It is attached to the based form of a word to create a new
word. There are two types of affixes used in derivational, prefix and suffix.
g. Prefixes.
A prefix is an affix attached before a root or stem or base like-, un-,
and in-(Katamba, 1993, p.44). For example un-, (unhappy, unsatisfied),
and re- (replay, retell).
h. Suffixes.
A suffix is an affix attached after root (or stem or base) like ly, -er,
-ist, -s, -ing and ed (Katamba, 1993, p.44). The examples in English of
suffix morphemes are -er (dancer, maker, reader), -ing (walking, standing,
jumping), and -ness (happiness, sadness, goodness).
G. Research Methodology
1. Research Method
This study uses qualitative method in the frame of case study.
Qualitative research is often called naturalistic research because the
research is done in natural condition where the researcher is as the key of
instrument itself (Sugiyono, 2006, p. 15). The data that related to this
research are collected from students English writing.
2. Population and sample

According to Arikunto (2010, p.173), the population is all members
of the research subject. Therefore, the population is all individuals that
involve in that research. The researcher takes population in the second
grade students of MA PPIQ consist of 20 students. Sample is a part of
population representative which is researched (Arikunto, 2010, p.174). ).
The researcher takes one class of the sample on the second grade students
of MA PPIQ. There are 35 students in XI class, consist of 20 males and 15
females. The writers choose this school because the students still have
problem about changing verbs into nouns in English writing. Usually,
most of the students still consider that changing words in English writing
is difficult, especially in derivational affixies change verbs into nouns.
Many students do not understand what the teacher teaches in English when
the teacher gave them text or paragraph. The students do not understand
the meaning of changing verbs in the text or paragraph, so they can not
answer the question from the teacher. Although the teacher explains
material clearly, the students still do not understand about the material
because they lack of derivational affixes.
3. Instrument
Sugiyono (2006, p.15) states, where the researcher is as the key of
instrument itself, so the instrument of this research is the writer as the
subject of the study by reading and understanding the references which
support this study.
4. The Procedure of Data Collecting

In collecting the data, the writer will do several steps as follows :
a
Asking the students for making descriptive text with selected

theme.
Reading students worksheet
Collecting the data about derivatonal affix that change verbs into
nouns from students worksheet
Explaining the changing of verbs into nouns.
5. Procedure of Data Analysis
After the data have been collected, following procedure are taken
for analyzing the data, the writer will do several steps as follows :
a
The writer makes the table based on the types of affixes.
Analyze and classify the selected affixes words by categorizing them
c
d
into the types of affixes.

Describes the reasearch findings based on the research questions.
Then after the methodologies have done, the writer made the conclusion
and suggestion based on the data of analysis.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acquiescence. (20015). In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrived from

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acquiescence
Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2010). Prosedur penelitian edisi revisi 2010. Jakarta, DKI:
Rineka Cipta
Arronof, Mark and Kristen Fudeman. (2005). What is Morphology?. Carlton,

Victoria: Blackwell Publishing.
Bauer, Laurie. (2002). English Word-Formation. Cambridge, London: Cambridge

University Press.
Crystal, D. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Sixth Edition.

Carlton, Victoria: Blackwell Publishing.
Finegan, Edward. (2008). Language Its Structure and Use. Boston, USA:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Fraenkel, Jack & Wallen Norman (2008). How to Design and Evaluate Research
in Education. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Fromkin, Robert Rodman, & Nina Hyams, Victoria (2014). An introduction to

Language. Tenth Edition. New York, NY: Michael Rosenberg.
Hocket, F. C. (1958). A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York, NY: The

Macmillan Company.
Hulban, Horia. (2001). Syntheses in English lexicology and Semantics. Spanda:

Cambridge Mass.
Katamba, Francis. (1993). Morphology. Great Britain: Macmillan Press, L.td.
Levy, Paul S, and Lemeshow, Stainey. (2008). Research Succesful Approaches.

New York, NY: American Dietetic Association.
OGrady, William and John Archibald. (Eds). (2005) Contemporary Linguistics:

Fifth Edition. Harlow, Easex: Bedford/St. Martins.
Plag, Ingo. (2002). Word Formation in English. New York, NY: Cambridge
University Press.
Sugiyono. (2006). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung, Jabar: Alfabeta.
Yule, George. (2006). The Study of Language. New York, NY: Cambridge
University Press.
http://www.britannica.com/art/short-story. 15-06-2015. 10:40 AM
AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES FOUND IN AN

INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES AND
PRACTICE
A paper
Submitted to the English Educational Program
Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Science
Bogor Ibn Khaldun University
As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Sarjana Degree
By :
MUHAMMAD ALFIZAN ADIB NAUFAL
11211210739
ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE
BOGOR IBN KHALDUN UNIVERSITY
2015

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CHAPTER 1

B. Focus of the Study

C. Statement of the Study

change verbs into nouns in students writing?

D. Purpose of the Study

E. Significance of the Study

Word is a smallest unit of meaning and syntax in a language. It has

b. Free Morpheme and Bound Morpheme

c. Word Formation Processes

Derivation is an affixational process that forms a word with a meaning

2. Population and sample

4. The Procedure of Data Collecting

Asking the students for making descriptive text with selected

Reading students worksheet

Explaining the changing of verbs into nouns.

5. Procedure of Data Analysis

The writer makes the table based on the types of affixes.

Analyze and classify the selected affixes words by categorizing them

into the types of affixes.

Acquiescence. (20015). In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrived from

Arronof, Mark and Kristen Fudeman. (2005). What is Morphology?. Carlton,

Bauer, Laurie. (2002). English Word-Formation. Cambridge, London: Cambridge

Crystal, D. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Sixth Edition.

Fromkin, Robert Rodman, & Nina Hyams, Victoria (2014). An introduction to

Hocket, F. C. (1958). A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York, NY: The

Hulban, Horia. (2001). Syntheses in English lexicology and Semantics. Spanda:

Katamba, Francis. (1993). Morphology. Great Britain: Macmillan Press, L.td.

Levy, Paul S, and Lemeshow, Stainey. (2008). Research Succesful Approaches.

OGrady, William and John Archibald. (Eds). (2005) Contemporary Linguistics:

Sugiyono. (2006). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung, Jabar: Alfabeta.

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES FOUND IN AN

ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

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