Gene Lecture 11 Transcription
Gene Lecture 11 Transcription
Gene Lecture 11 Transcription
Fundamental Genetics
Lecture 9
11/17/2015
Repeating Copolymers
Degeneracy
Wobble
Hypothesis
Start codon
(N-formylmethionine)
Termination
codons
Universal
Viruses
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Transcription
Uses DNA as a template
Catalyzed by RNA polymerase
(holoenzyme of 500 kD)
subunits
Transcription
RNA polymerase dont need
primers
Elongation in 5 to 3 direction
Rate in E coli: 50 bases/sec at
37C
Termination is a function of rho
() factor hexameric protein
interacting with the end of a
gene
Polycistronic mRNA bacterial
mRNA containing information for
the synthesis of proteins of
related function
Monocystronic mRNA
eukaryotic mRNA containing
information for a single protein.
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Eukaryotic Transcription
Features of eukaryotic transcription different from prokaryotic
transcription:
Transcription inside the nucleus under the direction of 3 different
RNA polymerases
CAAT Box
Presence of protein factors (promoters, enhancers, etc.) binding to
the upstream portion of a gene (cis-acting elements) during
initiation step.
Presence of post-transcriptional regulation.
Post-transcriptional Processing
7-methylguanosine cap (7mG)
Protection from nucleases
Role mRNA transport across the
nuclear membrane
3 cleavage site:
AAUAAA
Failure of 3 cleavage results to
absence of poly A tail
RNA Splicing
Ribozyme RNA with
catalytic activity
Self-excision process
process of RNA splicing or
intron removal.
Transesterification
interaction between
guanosine and the
transcript.
The Spliceosome
Alternative splicing
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
(snRNP or snurps) bonds to GU
or AG sites of introns
2 transesterification processes
Snurps form a loop (lariat) in the
branch point region
Produces isoforms of proteins
2 successive
transesterification processes
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RNA Editing
Substitution editing
changes in the nucleotide bases of a given mRNA
Common in mitochondrial RNA and chloroplast RNA
Example: Apoliprotein B (Apo B) C to U change CAA
to UAA