Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3K views

    Acetic Acid Plant Design

    Uploaded by

    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    The document defines a project to build a plant in Bangladesh to produce 300 tons per day of 99% acetic acid by converting methane to methanol and then to acetic acid. The plant will use methane from a local gas field as the raw material. It describes the specifications and properties of acetic acid and methanol products and raw materials. It then discusses various process options considered for converting methane to methanol like catalytic conversion, thermal cracking, photo-catalytic conversion, and biological conversion before selecting the ICI process using a copper-zinc oxide catalyst. For the second stage of converting methanol to acetic acid, it evaluates the Cativa, Monsanto, and BASF processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Acetic Acid Plant Design

    Uploaded by

    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    3K views8 pages
    The document defines a project to build a plant in Bangladesh to produce 300 tons per day of 99% acetic acid by converting methane to methanol and then to acetic acid. The plant will use methane from a local gas field as the raw material. It describes the specifications and properties of acetic acid and methanol products and raw materials. It then discusses various process options considered for converting methane to methanol like catalytic conversion, thermal cracking, photo-catalytic conversion, and biological conversion before selecting the ICI process using a copper-zinc oxide catalyst. For the second stage of converting methanol to acetic acid, it evaluates the Cativa, Monsanto, and BASF processes.

    Original Description:

    Acetic Acid Plant Design

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document defines a project to build a plant in Bangladesh to produce 300 tons per day of 99% acetic acid by converting methane to methanol and then to acetic acid. The plant will use methane from a local gas field as the raw material. It describes the specifications and properties of acetic acid and methanol products and raw materials. It then discusses various process options considered for converting methane to methanol like catalytic conversion, thermal cracking, photo-catalytic conversion, and biological conversion before selecting the ICI process using a copper-zinc oxide catalyst. For the second stage of converting methanol to acetic acid, it evaluates the Cativa, Monsanto, and BASF processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views8 pages

    Acetic Acid Plant Design

    Uploaded by

    Mir Hasib Ul Latif
    The document defines a project to build a plant in Bangladesh to produce 300 tons per day of 99% acetic acid by converting methane to methanol and then to acetic acid. The plant will use methane from a local gas field as the raw material. It describes the specifications and properties of acetic acid and methanol products and raw materials. It then discusses various process options considered for converting methane to methanol like catalytic conversion, thermal cracking, photo-catalytic conversion, and biological conversion before selecting the ICI process using a copper-zinc oxide catalyst. For the second stage of converting methanol to acetic acid, it evaluates the Cativa, Monsanto, and BASF processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses several processes for converting methane to useful chemicals like methanol and acetic acid, including catalytic, thermal cracking, photo-catalytic and biological conversion processes.

    Catalytic conversion using metal complexes, thermal cracking to produce syngas, and photo-catalytic conversion using semiconductors like tungsten oxide are discussed for converting methane to methanol.

    The ICI process uses a copper-zinc oxide catalyst at 200-300°C and 5-10 MPa pressure to convert methanol to acetic acid.

    Definition of The Project

    A Methane to Acetic acid plant is to be set up at Brammanbaria in Bangladesh having a capacity


    of 300 ton 99% Acetic Acid per day, corresponding to 109500 ton of 99%Acetic Acid per
    year, and an intermediate capacity of 450 ton of 91.5% Methanol per day corresponding to ton
    of 16500 tons 91.5% of Methanol per year including all offsites, auxiliaries, utilities and
    supporting facilities using Industrial Grade Methane (96.48% CH4) fromTitas Gas Field as
    raw material.

    Product & Raw material


    Specifications
    Acetic Acid, CH3COOH:

    Acetic acid,systematically named ethanoic acid,is an organic compound.It is a colourless liquid


    that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid has a distinctive sour taste and
    pungent smell.
    Liquid acetic acid is a hydrophilicprotic solvent, similar to ethanol and water. It dissolves not
    only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as
    oils and elements such as sulfur and iodine. It readily mixes with other polar and non-polar
    solvents such as water, chloroform, and hexane. With higher alkanes (starting with octane),
    acetic acid is not completely miscible anymore, and its miscibility continues to decline with
    longer n-alkanes. This dissolving property and miscibility of acetic acid makes it a widely used
    industrial chemical, for example, as a solvent in the production of dimethyl
    terephthalate.Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and
    can attack the skin.
    Table 1.1:Properties of CH3COOH:
    Molecular formula
    Molar mass
    Appearance
    Odor
    Density
    Melting point
    Boiling point
    Solubility in water
    log P
    Acidity (pKa)
    Basicity (pKb)
    Refractive index (nD)
    Viscosity
    Dipole moment
    Specific
    heat capacity (C)

    CH3COOH

    60.05 gmol1
    Colourless liquid
    Pungent/Vinegar-like
    1.049 g cm3
    16 C; 61 F; 289 K
    118 C; 244 F; 391 K
    Miscible
    -0.322
    4.76
    9.198 (basicity of acetate ion)
    1.371
    1.22 mPa s
    1.74 D
    123.1 J K1 mol1

    Std molar
    entropy (So298)
    Std enthalpy of
    formation (fHo298)
    Std enthalpy of
    combustion (cHo298)

    158.0 J K1 mol1
    -483.88--483.16 kJ mol1
    -875.50--874.82 kJ mol1

    Methanol, CH3OH:
    Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol,wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits. It is
    the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant smell . It
    is highly toxic and unfit for consumption. At room temperature, it is a polar liquid, and is used as
    an antifreeze, solvent, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethanol.

    Table 1.2: Properties of Methanol


    Molecular formula
    Molar mass
    Appearance
    Density
    Melting point
    Boiling point
    log P
    Vapor pressure
    Acidity (pKa)
    Refractive index (nD)
    Viscosity
    Dipole moment
    Flash point
    Autoignition
    temperature
    Explosive limits

    CH3OH
    32.04 gmol1
    Colorless liquid
    0.7918 gcm3
    0.7925 gcm3 @20C
    97.6 C (143.7 F; 175.6 K)
    64.7 C (148.5 F; 337.8 K)
    -0.69
    13.02 kPa (at 20 C)
    15.5[3]
    1.33141[4]
    0.545 mPas (at 25C) [5]
    1.69 D
    11 to 12 C (52 to 54 F; 284 to 285 K)
    385 C (725 F; 658 K)
    6%-36%

    Availability of Raw Materials:

    CH4: Bought from Titas Gas Field, Brammanbaria

    H2O (cooling, treated, DM water, etc.): Available in Bangladesh.

    Raw material specification


    Natural Gas from Titas Gas Fiel

    Process Selection
    Methane to Methanol conversion process

    Catalytic Conversion
    Features:

    Conversion of methane to methanol with an economic yield of 10%


    In most experiments with solid catalysts, selectivities to methanol fell rapidly as methane
    conversions exceeded 59%
    complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide (H = -877 kJ/mol) is highly favored
    over partial oxidation of methane to methanol (H = -200 kJ/mol)
    A noticeable progress, however, has been made in the field of molecular catalysis by
    Periana et al., who demonstrated the selective conversion of methane to methanol at
    temperatures around 473 K over platinum bipyrimidine complexes. According to their
    experiment, 81% selectivity to methyl bisulfate, a methanol derivative, was reached at
    methane conversion of 90% in concentrated sulfuric acid
    Although these results are promising, commercial applications are hampered by difficult
    separation and recycling of the molecular catalyst.

    Thermal Cracking

    Methane is converted to methanol by partial oxidation to hydrogen gas and carbon


    monoxide (synthesis gas or syngas) at high temperatures normally several hundred
    degrees celsius
    Syngas is then catalytically converted to methanol over a copper or platinum surface, also
    at a couple hundred degrees Celsius
    It is only around five or ten percent efficient due to accidental total oxidation to carbon
    dioxide and water.

    Photo-Catalytic Conversion

    Ultraviolet light breaks water into a hydrogen and hydroxyl free radical, which are highly
    reactive. When a hydroxyl radical reacts with a methane molecule, a hydrogen is
    displaced and methanol is produced.

    With the use of tungsten oxide or a similar semiconductor, photons of lower energy than
    ultraviolet (down to blue) can be used.
    Using Of WO as photo-catalyst visible laser light can be used in room temperature
    It is highly energy inefficient (only 2-3% efficiency)
    The process is not out in commercial production yet

    Biological conversion

    Conversion combines both methane and ammonia streams using methane-oxidizing


    bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, in both wild type and genetically modified
    forms
    Can convert heterogeneous methane feedstocks, unlike existing commercial process
    Does not require a pure source of methane
    It does not require expensive chemical catalysts
    Cleanup and dehumidification processes not required
    Widely applicable to digester gas, landfill gas, peatbogs, marshes, and wastewater
    treatment facilities
    Conversion process is time consuming

    ICI process

    Catalyst: Copper-Zinc oxide catalyst


    Temperature: 200-30000C
    Pressure: 5-10 MPa
    Activity of this catalyst is more sensitive to impurities (poisoning)
    Reduced manufacturing costs.

    Methanol to Acetic acid


    Cativa Process

    Process developer: BP chemicals


    Catalyst: Iridium/iodide catalyst
    Improved catalyst stability
    Allowing operation at low water concentrations
    High reaction rates
    Reduced formation of liquid by-products
    Improved yield on carbon monoxide
    Temperature:
    Pressure:

    Monsanto process

    Process developer: Monsanto


    Temperature: 150-2000C
    Pressure: 30-60 bar
    Catalyst: rhodium/iodide catalyst
    Selectivity: 99%
    To prevent rhodium loss the reactor composition is maintained within limits on water,
    methyl acetate, methyl iodide and rhodium concentrations
    High H2O concentrations to prevent catalyst precipitation and maintain high reaction
    rates

    BASF process

    Catalyst: cobalt /iodide catalyst


    Temperature: 2500C
    Pressure: 680 bar
    Selectivity: 90% (based upon methanol)

    You might also like