Delta Connection

Delta Connection ()
In this system of interconnection, the starting ends of the three phases or coils are
connected to the finishing ends of the coil. Or the starting end of the first coil is
connected to the finishing end of the second coil and so on (for all three coils) and it
looks like a closed mesh or circuit as shown in fig (1).
In more clear words, all three coils are connected in series to form a close mesh or
circuit. Three wires are taken out from three junctions and the all outgoing currents from
junction assumed to be positive.
In Delta connection, the three windings interconnection looks like a short circuit, but this
is not true, if the system is balanced, then the value of the algebraic sum of all voltages
around the mesh is zero.
When a terminal is open, then there is no chance of flowing currents with basic
frequency around the closed mesh.
Also Read: Star Connection (Y): Three Phase Power, Voltage & Current Values
Comparison between Star (Y) and Delta () Connections

Good to Remember: at any instant, the EMF value of one phase is equal to the
resultant of the other two phases EMF values but in the opposite direction.
Delta or Mesh Connection System is also called Three Phase Three Wire System (3Phase 3 Wire) and it is the best and suitable system for AC Power Transmission.
Also read : Phase Current Values in 3-Phase Current
Click image to enlarge
Voltage, Current and Power Values in Delta Connection ()

1. Line Voltages and Phase Voltages in Delta Connection
It is seen from fig 2 that there is only one phase winding between two terminals (i.e.
there is one phase winding between two wires). Therefore, in Delta Connection, the
voltage between (any pair of) two lines is equal to the phase voltage of the phase
winding which is connected between two lines. Since the phase sequence is R Y
B, therefore, the direction of voltage from R phase towards Y phase is positive (+), and
the voltage of R phase is leading by 120from Y phase voltage. Likewise, the voltage of
Y phase is leading by 120 from the phase voltage of B and its direction is positive from
Y towards B.
If the line voltage between;
Line 1 and Line 2 = VRY
Line 2 and Line 3 = VYB
Line 3 and Line 1 = VBR
Then, we see that VRY leads VYB by 120 and VYB leads VBR by 120.
Lets suppose,
VRY = VYB = VBR = VL (Line Voltage)
Then
VL = VPH
I.e. in Delta connection, the Line Voltage is equal to the Phase Voltage.
2. Line Currents and Phase Currents in Delta Connection
It will be noted from the below (fig-2) that the total current of each Line is equal to the
vector difference between two phase currents flowing through that line. i.e.;
Current in Line 1= I1 = IR IB
Current in Line 2 =I2 = IY IR
Current in Line 3 =I3 = IB IY

{Vector Difference}
Click image to enlarge
The current of Line 1 can be

found by determining the vector difference between I R and IB and we can do that by
increasing the IB Vector in reverse, so that, IR and IB makes a parallelogram. The
diagonal of that parallelogram shows the vector difference of I R and IB which is equal to
Current in Line 1= I1. Moreover, by reversing the vector of IB, it may indicate as (-IB),
therefore, the angle between IR and -IB (IB, when reversed = -IB) is 60. If,
IR = IY = IB = IPH . The phase currents
Then;
The current flowing in Line 1 would be;
IL or I1 = 2 x IPH x Cos (60/2)
= 2 x IPH x Cos 30
= 2 x IPH x (3/2) Since Cos 30 = 3/2
= 3 IPH
i.e. In Delta Connection, The Line current is 3 times of Phase Current
Similarly, we can find the reaming two Line currents as same as above. i.e.,
I2 = IY IR Vector Difference = 3 IPH
I3 = IB IY Vector difference = 3 IPH
As, all the Line current are equal in magnitude i.e.
I1 = I2 = I3 = IL
Hence
IL = 3 IPH
It is seen from the fig above that;
The Line Currents are 120 apart from each other
Line currents are lagging by 30 from their corresponding Phase Currents
The angle between line currents and respective line voltages is (30+), i.e.
each line current is lagging by (30+) from the corresponding line voltage

Delta Connection

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Delta Connection ()

Comparison between Star (Y) and Delta () Connections

Voltage, Current and Power Values in Delta Connection ()

2. Line Currents and Phase Currents in Delta Connection

Current in Line 2 =I2 = IY IR

Current in Line 3 =I3 = IB IY

The current of Line 1 can be

The Line Currents are 120 apart from each other

Line currents are lagging by 30 from their corresponding Phase Currents

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