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    Slope Protection

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    Alexandru Cîrcu
    Slope protection is needed to prevent erosion of a dam's upstream slope from wave action. Without protection, erosion can develop and worsen over time, potentially compromising the structural integrity of the dam. Common slope protection methods include rock riprap, concrete facing, vegetated berms, and soil-cement. Rock riprap consists of an interlocking mixture of rocks of different sizes placed over a bedding layer and geotextile fabric to prevent soil loss. Regular inspection and maintenance of slope protection is important to monitor and address any erosion, deterioration, or other issues.

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    Slope Protection

    Uploaded by

    Alexandru Cîrcu
    280 views2 pages
    Slope protection is needed to prevent erosion of a dam's upstream slope from wave action. Without protection, erosion can develop and worsen over time, potentially compromising the structural integrity of the dam. Common slope protection methods include rock riprap, concrete facing, vegetated berms, and soil-cement. Rock riprap consists of an interlocking mixture of rocks of different sizes placed over a bedding layer and geotextile fabric to prevent soil loss. Regular inspection and maintenance of slope protection is important to monitor and address any erosion, deterioration, or other issues.

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    Slope protection is needed to prevent erosion of a dam's upstream slope from wave action. Without protection, erosion can develop and worsen over time, potentially compromising the structural integrity of the dam. Common slope protection methods include rock riprap, concrete facing, vegetated berms, and soil-cement. Rock riprap consists of an interlocking mixture of rocks of different sizes placed over a bedding layer and geotextile fabric to prevent soil loss. Regular inspection and maintenance of slope protection is important to monitor and address any erosion, deterioration, or other issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    280 views2 pages

    Slope Protection

    Uploaded by

    Alexandru Cîrcu
    Slope protection is needed to prevent erosion of a dam's upstream slope from wave action. Without protection, erosion can develop and worsen over time, potentially compromising the structural integrity of the dam. Common slope protection methods include rock riprap, concrete facing, vegetated berms, and soil-cement. Rock riprap consists of an interlocking mixture of rocks of different sizes placed over a bedding layer and geotextile fabric to prevent soil loss. Regular inspection and maintenance of slope protection is important to monitor and address any erosion, deterioration, or other issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Dam Slope Protection

    Erosion Prevention

    How can you protect your dam slope from erosion?


    Slope protection is usually needed to protect the
    upstream slope against erosion due to wave
    action. Without proper slope protection, erosion
    can develop on the upstream slope. Repeated
    action of waves striking the embankment surface
    erodes fill material and displaces it farther down
    the slope, creating a beach. The amount of
    erosion depends on predominant wind direction,
    dam orientation, slope steepness, water level
    fluctuations, boating activities, and other factors.
    Further erosion can lead to slope cracking and sloughing that can extend into the crest, reducing its top width.
    When erosion occurs and beaching develops on the upstream slope of a dam, make repairs as soon as possible.
    A dams upstream slope is commonly protected against wave erosion by placement of a layer of rock riprap over a
    layer of bedding and a filter material. Other material such as concrete facing, soil-cement, fabri-form bags, slush
    grouted rocks, steel sheet piling, articulated concrete blocks, vegetated berms also can be used. Do not use old tires,
    construction debris, asphalt pieces, or other discards because they do not offer needed protection.
    Rock riprap consists of a
    heterogeneous mixture of
    irregular shaped rocks placed
    over gravel bedding or geotextile
    fabric. Smaller rocks help to fill
    the spaces between the larger pieces forming an interlocking
    mass. The filter prevents soil particles on the embankment
    surface from being washed out through the rock voids.
    Rocks have to be large enough to break the waves force
    and hold smaller stones in place. If the rock size is too
    small, it will eventually be displaced and washed away by wave action. Natural forces such as freezing may
    weather riprap that then may need to be replaced. Riprap effectiveness depends on rock quality, size of individual
    pieces, thickness, embankment slopes, filter stability, and other factors.
    Dissipating wave energy and
    protecting the slope from erosion,
    berms with vegetation are
    constructed on the upstream slope at
    the normal pool level and will not
    work well where the water surface fluctuates regularly from
    normal pool. If improper or sparse vegetation is present, the
    wave berm may not adequately dissipate the wave energy,

    allowing erosion and beaching to develop on the upstream slope. Monitor plants regularly to verify adequate
    growth.
    When intense or severe wave
    action is anticipated, concrete
    facing is sometimes used.
    However, settlement of the
    embankment must be
    insignificant to insure adequate
    support for the concrete facing. This slope protection
    should extend several feet above and below the normal
    pool level. It should terminate on a berm or against a
    concrete curb or header. Granular filter or geotextile) is
    required under the concrete facing to help reduce the risk of undermining. Concrete facing often fails because the
    wave action washes soil particles from beneath the slabs through joints and cracks. This undermining will continue
    until large, often hidden voids are created. Because concrete facing failure may be sudden and extensive, closely
    monitor cracks and open joints. Seal open joints with plastic fillers. Grout and seal cracks.
    Regularly inspect and monitor a dams upstream slope protection. Keep written records and take photographs of the
    location and extent of any erosion, undermining, or deterioration of the riprap, wave berm or other slope protection.
    (Photographs are of Kansas dams; illustrations and some information adapted from Ohio Department of Natural
    Resources fact sheet)

    Kansas Department of Agriculture | 109 SW 9th Street | Topeka, KS 66612 | (785) 296-3556 www.ksda.gov

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