Problem 5.

1
A 12F capacitor has an accumulated charge of 480C. Determine the voltage across the
capacitor after 4 s.
Suggested Solution
t2

v(t 2) v(t1) =

v(t1) = 0.
v(t 2) = 40V

1
C

i(t )dt

C = 100 F

i (t ) = 1mA = I

t1

so,

v(t 2) = CI (t 2 t1)

where

t 2 t1 = 4sec

Problem 5.2
A 12F capacitor has an accumulated charge of 480C. Determine the voltage across the
capacitor.
Suggested Solution

C = QC

Q = 480 C

C = 12 F

V = 40V

Problem 5.3
A capacitor has an accumulated charge of 600C with 5V across it. What is the value of
capacitance?
Suggested Solution

C = VQ

Q = 600 C

V = 5V

C = 120 F

Problem 5.4
A 25- F capacitor initially charged to 10V is charged by a constant current of 2.5 A.
Find the voltage across the capacitor after 2 minutes.
Suggested Solution
t

V=

1
C

idt + v(0)

150

1
25 x106

2.5 x106 dt 10

150

= 101

dt 10 = 101 t |150
0 10

V = 15 10 = 5V

Problem 5.5
The energy that is stored in a 25-F capacitor is w(t)=12sin2377t J. Find the current in
the capacitor.
Suggested Solution

w ( t ) = 12 Cv 2 (t ) = 12sin 2 377t
C = 25 F

v 2 (t ) =

2 (12 )
sin 2 377t = 9.6 105 sin 2 377t
6
25 10

v(t ) = 979.8sin 377t V

i (t ) = C

dv ( t )
= 25 106 (979.8)(377) cos 377t = 9.23cos 377t A
dt

Problem 5.6
An uncharged 10-uF capacitor is charged by the current I(t)=10cos377t mA. Find (a) the
expression for the voltage across the capacitor and (b) the expression for the power.
Suggested Solution
i (t ) = 10 cos(377t )mA

C = 10 F

v(0) = 0V

a)
t

v(t ) = C1 i (t )dt =

0.01 1
C 377

sin(377t ) |t0

v(t ) = 2.65sin(377t ) V
b)
P (t ) = v(t )i (t ) = (2.65)(0.01) sin(377t ) cos(377t )
but cos( x) sin( x) = 12 sin(2 x)
p(t ) = 13.3sin(754t ) mW

so,

Problem 5.7
The voltage across a 100-uF capacitor is given by the expression v(t)=120sin(377t) V.
Find (a)the current in the capacitor and (b) the expression for the energy stored in the
element.
Suggested Solution
v(t ) = 120sin(377t ) V,
C = 100 F
dv
a) i (t ) = C
= (100 106 )(120)(377) cos(377t ) = 4.52 cos(377t ) A
dt
1 2
1
2
b) w ( t ) = Cv ( t ) = (104 ) (120 ) sin 2 ( 377t )
2
2
2
= 720sin ( 377t ) mJ

= 360 360 cos 754t mJ

Problem 5.8
A capacitor is charged by a constant current of 2mA and results in a voltage increase of
12V in a 10-s interval. What is the value of the capacitance?
Suggested Solution
t2

v(t 2) v(t1) =

1
C

i (t )dt

i (t ) = 2mA = I

t1

v(t 2 ) v(t 1 ) = 12 = CI (t2 t1 ) = CI (10)

C = (2m)(10) /12 = 1.67mF
C = 1.67mF

Problem 5.9
The current in a 100F capacitor is shown in Figure P5.9. Determine the waveform for
the voltage across the capacitor if it is initially uncharged.
i(t)(mA)

10

t(ms)

Figure P5.9

Suggested Solution
C = 100 F

v(t ) =

1
C

i(t )dt

Time(ms)

i(t)(mA)

v(t)(V)

0t 2

10

100t

t>0

0 + v(2m) = 0.2V

i(t)(mA)

10

t(ms)

Problem 5.10
The voltage across a 100-F capacitor is shown in Figure P5.10. Compute the waveform
for the current in the capacitor
v(t)(V)
6

t(ms)

Figure P5.10

Suggested Solution
C = 100 F

i (t ) = Cc

Time(ms)

dv(V/ms)
dt

i(t)(mA)

0 t 1

600

1 t 2

2t 3

600

v(t)(V)
6

Figure P5.10

t(ms)

Problem 5.11
The voltage across a 6F capacitor is shown in Figure P5.11. Compute the waveform for
the current in the capacitor
v(t)(V)
2

t(ms)

Figure P5.11

Suggested Solution

C = 6 F

i (t ) = C dvdt(t )

Time(ms)

dv(V/ms)
dt

0t 2
2t 4

i(t)(mA)

61
1

6
6

v(t)(V)
2

t(ms)

Problem 5.12
The voltage across a 50-F capacitor is shown in Figure P5.12. Determine the current
waveform.
v(t)(V)
10

4 6

10 12

t(ms)

Figure P5.12

Suggested Solution
C = 50 F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

Time(ms)

dv(V/ms)
dt

0t 2

250

2t 4

4t 8

250

8 t 10

10 t 12

250

t > 12

i(t)(mA)

v(t)(V)
10

4 6

10 12

t(ms)

Problem 5.13
The voltage across a 2-F capacitor is given by the waveform in Figure P5.13. Compute
the current waveform.
v(t)(V)

t(ms)

-12
Figure P5.13

Suggested Solution

C = 2 F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

Time(ms)

dv(V/ms)
dt

0t 2
2t 3
3t 6
t >6

i(t)(mA)

12
0
8
0

-6
0
4
0

v(t)(V)

-12

t(ms)

Problem 5.14
The voltage across a 0.1-F capacitor is given by the waveform in Figure P5.14. Find the
waveform for the current in the capacitor
vc(t)(V)

-12

t(s)

-12
Figure P5.14

Suggested Solution

C = 0.1F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

Time(s)

dv(V/ms
dt

0t 2
2t 3
3t 5
t >5

6
24
6
0

i(t)(A)

0.6
2.4
0.6
0

vc(t)(V)

-12

0
-12

t(s)

Problem 5.15
The waveform for the current in a 200-F capacitor is shown in Figure P5.15. Determine
the waveform for the capacitor voltage.
i(t)(mA)
5

t(ms)
1

Figure P5.15

Suggested Solution
C = 200 F

v(t ) =

1
C

i(t )dt

0 t 4ms
i (t ) = 1.25t A
v(t ) = 3125t 2 +v(0)
assuming v(0) = 0V ,
v(t ) = 3125t 2
t > 4ms
i (t ) = 0 A
v(t ) = 0 + v(4m)
v(t ) = 0 + 3125(4m) 2 = 50mV
3125t 2V
v(t ) =
50mV

0 t 4ms
t > 4ms

Problem 5.16
Draw the waveform for the current in a 12-F capacitor when the capacitor voltage is as
described in Figure 5.16
v(t)(V)

12
10
0

16

t(s)

-8

Figure P5.16

Suggested Solution

C = 12 F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

Time(s)

dv(V/s)
dt

0t
6 t 10
10 t 16
t > 16

2
5
1.33
0

i(t)(A)

24
60
16
0

v(t)(V)

10
5
0
-5
-10
t(s)
0

10 12 14

16

10 12 14

16

10 12 14

16

10 12 14

16

i(t)(mA)

30
10
-10
-30
-50
-70

t(s)
0

v(t)(V)

10
5
0
-5
-10
t(s)
0

i(t)(mA)

30
10
-10
-30
-50
-70

t(s)
0

Problem 5.17
Draw the waveform for the current in a 3-F capacitor when the voltage across the
capacitor is given in Figure P5.17
v(t)(V)
4
2
9
0
-1

t(ms)
10

Figure P5.17

Suggested Solution
C = 3 F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

Time(ms)

dv(V/s)
dt

i(t)(A)

0t 2
2t 4
4t 7

2
1
0

7t 9

3
2

4.5

1
0

3
0

9 t 10
t>0

6
3
0

v(t)(V)

4
2
0
-2
0

10 12

t(s)

i(t)(mA)

6
3
0
-3
-6
0

10 12

t(s)

Problem 5.18
The waveform for the current in a 100-F initially uncharged capacitor is shown in
Figure P5.18. Determine the waveform for the capacitors voltage.
v(t)(mA)

t(ms)

-5
Figure P5.18

Suggested Solution
v(t)(mA)

0
-5

t(ms)

C = 100 F

v(t ) =

1
C

i(t )dt

v (0)=0V

0t 1ms

i (t )=5mA
v (t ) =50t V

1mst 2ms

i (t )=5mA
v(t ) = 50(t 1m) + v(1m)
v(t ) = 50t + 0.1 V

2ms t 3ms

3ms t 4ms

i (t ) = 5mA
v(t ) = 50(t + 2m) + v(2m)
v(t ) = 50t 0.1 V
i (t ) = 5mA
v(t ) = 50(t 3m) + v(3m)
v(t ) = 50t + 0.2 V

4ms t 5ms

i (t ) = 5mA
v(t ) = 50(t 4m) + v(4m)
v(t ) = 50t 0.2 V

t > 5ms

i (t ) = 0
v(t ) = 50mV

V
50t
50t + 0.1 V

50t 0.1
V

v(t ) = 50t + 0.2 V

50t 0.2
V

mV
50

0 t 1ms
1ms t 2ms
2ms t 3ms
3ms t 4ms
4ms t 5ms
t > 5ms

Problem 5.19
The voltage across a 6-F capacitor is given by the waveform in Figure P5.19. Plot the
waveform for the capacitor current.
v(t)(mA)

5
0.5

t(ms)

-5
Figure P5.19

Suggested Solution
C = 6 F

i (t ) = C dv
dt

if v(t ) = 10sin( t )V
= 2 f = 2 / T where T = 1m sec,
v(t ) = 10sin(2000 t )V
i (t ) = (6 )(10)(2000 ) cos(2000 f )
i (t ) = 377 cos(2000 t )mA
v(t)(V)

5
0
-5
0

0.5

0.5

t(ms)

i(t)(V)

5
0
-5
0

t(s)

Problem 5.20
The current in an inductor changes from 0 to 200mA in 4ms in 4 ms and induces a
voltage of 100mV. What is the value of the inductor?
Suggested Solution

v(t ) = L dtdi
i = 200mA

t = 4ms

ind

= 100mV

Assuming the current change is linear,

vind = L ti
L = 2mH

L = vind ( ti ) = 2mH

Problem 5.21
The current in a 100-mH inductor is i(t)=2sin(377t)A. Find (a) the voltage across the
inductor and (b) the expression for the energy stored in the element
Suggested Solution
L = 100mH
a)

i (t ) = 2sin(377t ) A

v(t ) = L dtdi = (0.1)(2)(377) cos(377t ) = 75.4 cos(377t )V

b)
w(t ) = L2 i 2 (t ) =
but

0.1
2

(2)2sin 2 (377t ) = 0.2sin 2 (377t )

sin 2 x = 12 12 cos(2 x)

w(t ) = 0.1 0.1cos(754t ) J

so

Problem 5.22
A 10-mH inductor has a sudden current change from 200mA to 100mA in 1ms. Find the
induced voltage.
Suggested Solution
L = 10mH

i = 100mA 200mA = 100mA

v(t ) = L

assuming the current changed linearly

di
dt

vIND = (0.01) ti = 1V
vIND = 1V

t = 1ms

Problem 5.23
The induced voltage across a 10-mH inductor is v(t)=120cos(377t) V. Find (a) the
expression for the inductor current and (b) the expression for the power.
Suggested Solution

L = 10mH
a)
i (t ) =

1
L

v(t ) = 120 cos(377t )V

v(t )dt =

120 1
0.01 377

Assume i (0) = 0.

sin(377t ) = 31.83sin(377t ) A

b)
p(t ) = v(t )i (t ) = (120)(31.83) cos(377t ) sin(377t )
but

sin( x) cos( x) = 12 sin( x)

p (t ) = 1910sin(754t )W

so,

Problem 5.24
The current in a 25-mH inductor is given by the expressions
i(t)=0
t<0
-4t
i(t)=10(1-te )mA
t>0
Find (a) the voltage across the inductor, (b) the expression for the energy stored in it.
Suggested Solution
L = 25mH
a)

0
i (t ) =
t
10(1 e )mA

v(t ) = L

t<0
t >0

di
dt

t < 0:

v(t ) = 0

t > 0:

v(t ) = (0.025)(0.01)e t = 250e t V

0
v(t ) =
t
250e V

t<0
t>0

b)
w(t ) = L2 i 2 (t ) = 1.25[1 2e t + e 2t ] J

Problem 5.25
Given the data in the previous problem, find the voltage across the inductor and the
energy stored in it after 1 s.
Suggested Solution
v(t ) = 250e t V
at

t = 1sec.

w(t ) = 1.25[1 2e t + e 2t ] J
v(1) = 91.97 V

w(1) = 0.5 J

Problem 5.26
The current in a 50-mH inductor is given by the expressions
i(t)=0
t<0
-4t
i(t)=2te A
t>0
Find (a) the voltage across the inductor, (b) the time at which the current is a maximum,
and (c) the time at which the voltage is a minimum
Suggested Solution

L = 50mH

t<0

0
i (t ) = t
2te A

t >0
t

a) v(t ) = L didt(t ) = (0.05)(2e 4 t 8te 4 )

0
v(t ) =
4 t
0.1e (1 4t )V
b)

for

t>0

t<0
t>0

The current will be at its maximum when di/dt = 0, or, v(t)= 0

v(tmax ) = 0 = 0.1e 4tmx (1 4tmax ) tmax = 0.25sec
c)
The voltage will be at its max. or min. when dv/dt = 0
|

di
dt t =tmin

= [0.1e 4t (4) + 0.1e 4t (4)(4t 1)] |t = min = 0

yields :

tmin = 0.5

sec.

Problem 5.27
The current
i (t) = 0
i (t) = 100te-t/10 A

t<0
t>0

flows through a 150-mH inductor. Find both the voltage across the inductor and the
energy stored in it after 5 seconds.
Suggested Solution
v(t ) = L dtdi
v(t ) = 100 x103

d
dt

(100e t /10 )

100 100
v(t ) = 1000
( 10 )(e t /10 )

v(t ) = 1.5e t /10

v( s ) = 1.5e 1/ 2 = 0.91V
w(t ) = 12 Li 2
w(t ) = 12 (50 x103 )(104 e
w(t ) = 12 (50)(10)e
w(t ) = 250e

5t

w(5) = 91.97 J

5t

102 t

Problem 5.28
The current in a 10-mH inductor is shown in Figure P5.28. Find the voltage across the
inductor.
i(t)(mA)

+5
2
0

t(ms)

-10
Figure P5.28

Suggested Solution
L = 10mH

v(t ) = C dtdi

Time(ms)

di(A/ms)
dt

v(t)(mV)

0t 2

-5

50

2t 4
4t 6

7.5

75

0
-5

0
50

6t 7
t>7

Problem 5.29
The current in a 50-mH inductor is given in Figure P5.29. Sketch the inductor voltage.
i(t)(mA)

100
4
0

10 t(ms)

-100
Figure P5.29

Suggested Solution
L = 50mH

v(t ) = L dtdi

Time(ms)

di(A/s)
dt

0t 2

2t 4
4t 8

50

8 t 10
t > 10

v(t)(V)

50
50
0

2.5
2.5
2.5
0

120

i(t)(mA)

80
40
0
-40
-80
-120

4
6
time (ms)

10

10

v(t)(V)

2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
6

time (ms)

Problem 5.30
The current in a 16-mH inductor is given by the waveform in Figure P5.30. Find the
waveform of the voltage across the inductor.
i(t)(A)

12

11 12

4
5

-12

t(ms)

-24
Figure P5.30

Suggested Solution
L = 16mH

v(t ) = L dtdi

Time(ms)

di(A/ms)
dt

v(t)(V)

0t 2

12

-192

2t 5

+ 12

192

5t 9

9 t 11

-12

192

11 t 12

+12

192

i(t)(A)

t > 12

12
0
-12
-24

10

5
time (ms)

Problem 5.31
Draw the waveform for the voltage across a 10-mH inductor when the inductor current is
given by the waveform shown in Figure P5.31
i(t)(A)
4
2
6
-1

11

t(s)

Figure P5.31

Suggested Solution
L = 10mH

v(t ) = L dtdi

Time(s)

di(A/s)
dt

0t 3

2/3

6.67

3t 6
6t 9

10

9 t 11
t > 11

v(t)(mV)

2.5

25

i(t)(A)

2
0
-2
0

11

12

11

12

time(s)

v(t)(mV)

30
15
0

-15
0

6
time(s)

Problem 5.32
The voltage across a 10-mH inductor is shown in Figure P5.32. Determine the waveform
for the inductor current
v(t)(mV)

10

t(ms)

Figure P5.32

Suggested Solution
L = 10mH
0 t 1ms
assuming
1 t 2ms

i (t ) =

1
L

v(t )dt

v(t ) = 10t mV
i (0) = 0 A,

i (t ) = 500t 2 A

v(t ) = 102 10(t 103 )V

i (t ) = (2 1000t )dt + K
where K = integration constant
i (t ) = 2t 500t 2 + K A
Both equations for i(t) must be equal at t = 1ms.
500(103 ) 2 = 2(103 ) 500(103 ) 2 + K
So

K = 1mA

i (t ) = 2t 500t 2 103 A

500t 2 A

i (t ) = 2t 500t 2 103 A
1 mA

0 t 1ms
1 t 2ms
t > 2ms

Problem 5.33
The waveform for the voltage across a 20-mH inductor is shown in Figure P5.33.
Compute the waveform for the inductor current.
v(t)(mV)

10

t(ms)

-20
Figure P5.33

Suggested Solution
L = 20mH

i (t ) =

1
L

v(t )dt

0 t 2ms
v(t ) = 10mV
if i (0) = 0 A, i (t ) = 0.5t A
2 t 3ms
v(t ) = 20mV
i (t ) = (t 2m) + i (2m)
= t + 2m + 1m
i (t ) = (3 x103 t ) A
t > 3ms
v(t ) = 0V
i (t ) = 0 + i (3m) = 0 A
0.5t

i (t ) = 3 x103 t
0

0 t 2ms

A
A

2 t 3ms
t > 3ms

v(t)(mV)

10
0
-10
-20
0

2
time (ms)

Problem 5.34
The voltage across a 2-H inductor is given by the waveform shown in Figure P5.34. Find
the waveform for the current in the inductor.
v(t)(mV)

t(ms)

Figure P5.34

Suggested Solution

L = 2H

i (t ) =

0 t 1ms

1
L

v(t )dt

assume

i (0) = 0 A

v(t ) = 1mV
i (t ) = 500t A
1 t 2mA

v(t ) = 0V
i (t ) = i (1ms ) = 0.5 A

2ms t 3ms

v(t ) = 1mV
i (t ) = 500(t 2m) + K1 A

K1 is an integrator constant,
i (2m) = 0.5 A = 500(2m 2m) + K1
K1 = 0.5 A
so, i (t ) = 500t 0.5 A
3ms t 4ms

v(t ) = 0
i (t ) = 0 + i (3m) = 1 A

4ms t 5ms

v(t ) = 1mV
i (t ) = 500(t 4m) + K 2 A
i (4m) = 1 A = 500(4m 4m) + K 2
K 2 = 1 A
i (t ) = 500t 1 A
t > 5ms

i (t ) = 1.5 A

500t
0.5

500t 0.5
i (t ) =
1.0
500t 1

1.5

A
A
A
A
A
A

0 t 1ms
1 t 2ms
2 t 3ms
3 t 4ms
4 t 5ms
t > 5ms

Problem 5.35
Find the possible capacitance range of the following capacitors.
a) 0.068 F with a tolerance of 10%
b) 120pF with a tolerance of 20%
c) 39F with a tolerance of 20%
Suggested Solution
a) Minimum capacitor value = 0.9C = 61.2nF
Maximum capacitor value = 1.1C = 74.8nF
b) Minimum capacitor value = 0.8C = 96pF
Maximum capacitor value = 1.2C = 144pF
c) Minimum capacitor value = 0.8C = 31.2F
Maximum capacitor value = 1.2C = 46.8F

Problem 5.36
The capacitor in Figure P5.36a is 51 nF with a tolerance of 10%. Given the voltage
waveform in Figure P5.36b graph the current i(t) for the minimum and maximum
capacitor values.
i(t)

v(t)

v(t)(V)

-60

-60

(a)

2 3 4
time (ms)
(b)

Figure P5.36

Suggested Solution
Maximum capacitor value = 1.1C = 56.1 nF
Minimum capacitor value = 0.9C = 45.9 nF
The capacitor voltage and current are related by the equation

i (t ) = C dvdt( t )

Problem 5.37
Find the possible inductance range of the following inductors
a) 10 mH with a tolerance of 10%
b) 2.0 nH with a tolerance of 5%
c) 68 H with a tolerance of 10%
Suggested Solution
a)
Minimum inductor value = 0.9L = 0.9 mH
Maximum inductor value = 1.1L = 1.1 mH
b)
Minimum inductor value = 0.95 = 1.9 nH
Maximum inductor value = 1.05L = 2.1 nH
c)
Minimum inductor value = 0.9L = 61.2 nH
Maximum inductor value = 1.1L = 74.8 nH

Problem 5.38
The inductor in Figure P5.38a is 330H with a tolerance of 5%. Given the current
waveform in Figure P5.38b, graph the voltage v(t) for the minimum and maximum
inductor values.
i(t)

v(t)

(a)
Figure P5.38

Suggested Solution
Maximum inductor value = 1.05L = 346.5 H
Minimum inductor value = 0.95L = 313.5 H
The inductor voltage and current are related by the equation

v(t ) = L didt(t )

Problem 5.39
The inductor in Figure P5.39a is 4.7 H with a tolerance of 20%. Given the current
waveform in Figure P5.39b, graph the voltage v(t) for the minimum and maximum
inductor values.
i(t)

v(t)

(a)
Figure P5.39

Suggested Solution
Maximum inductor value = 1.2L = 5.64 H
Minimum inductor value = 0.8L = 3.76 H
The inductor voltage and current are related by the equation

v(t ) = L didt(t )

Problem 5.40
What values of capacitance can be obtained by interconnecting a 4-F capacitor, a 6-F
capacitor, and a 12-F capacitor?
Suggested Solution
Combo A

Combo C

C1

Combo B

C2

C1

C3

C1

CA= 1 / ( 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 ) = 2F

Combo D

C2

CC = 3.27F

Combo F

Combo E

C3

C1

C3

C2

C1
C1

CD = [ C2 (C1 + C3) ] / [C2 + (C1 + C3)]

CC = [ C3 (C2 + C1) ] / [C3 + (C2 + C1)]

CD = 4.36F

CC = 5.45F

CF = C3 + C1 C2 / (C1 + C2) = 14.4F

Possibilities:

C1

C2

C3

CG = C2 + C1 C3 / (C1 + C3) = 9F

C2

C1

C3

CH = C1 + C2 C3 / (C2+ C3) = 8F

C3

C2

Combo H

Combo G

C3

CC = [ C1 (C2 + C3) ] / [C1 + (C2 + C3)]

CB = C1 + C2 + C3 = 22F

C2

C2

C3

CA = 2F
CB = 22F
CC = 3.27F
CD = 4.36 F
CE = 4.45F
CF = 14.4F
CG = 9 F
CH = 8 F

Problem 5.41
Given a 1, 3, and 4-F capacitor, can they be interconnected to obtain an equivalent 2-F
capacitor?
Suggested Solution
C1 = 1F

C2 = 3F

C1

C3 = 4F

C2

C3

Ceq =

(C1 + C 2)C 3 (1 + 3 )4
=
= 2 F
C1 + C 2 + C 3 1 + 3 + 4

Problem 5.42
Given four 2-F capacitors, find the maximum value and minimum value that can be
obtained by interconnecting the capacitors in series/parallel combinations.
Suggested Solution
Minimum combo

C min =

Maximum combo

C1

C2

C3

C4

1
C1

1
C2

1
= 0.5 F
+ C13 + C14

C min = 0.5 F
C max = 8 F

C1

C2

C max = C1 + C 2 + C 3 + C 4 = 8 F

C3

C4

Problem 5.43
The two capacitors in Figure P5.42 were charged and then connected as shown.
Determine the equivalent capacitance, the initial voltage at the terminals, and the total
energy stored in the network.

4V

6F

+
1V

+
-

3F

Figure 5.43

Suggested Solution
+
V1
V
Ceq

+
-

+
V2
-

C1

C2

C1 = 6F

V1 =- 4V

C2 = 3F V2 = 1V

Ceq = C1C 2 /(C1 + C 2) = 2 F

V = V 1 + V 2 = 3V
W = 12 C1V 21 + 12 C1V 2 2
W = 49.5 J
Ceq = 2 F
V = 3V
W = 49.5 J

Problem 5.44
Two capacitors are connected in series as shown in Figure P5.44. Find Vo
i(t)

Vo

+
-

+
24V
-

C1 = 12F

C1

C2

C2 = 6F

Suggested Solution
i(t)

Vo

+
-

+
24V
-

C1 = 12F

vc =

1
C

C1

C2

C2 = 6F

i(t )dt

Since same current charged both caps,

C1Vo = C2 (24)
Vo = 24(C2 / C1 )
Vo = 12V

Problem 5.45
Three capacitors are connected as shown in Figure P5.45. Find V1 and V2.

V1

8F

+
12V

+
V2

4F

Figure 5.45

Suggested Solution

V1

+
-

C1=8F

+
12V

+
V2

C2=4F

V 1 + V 2 = 12V
Assuming C1 and C2 are charged by the same surrent,
C1V 1 = C 2V 2

(same as Q1 = Q2)

C2
= 4V
C1 + C 2
C1
V 2 = 12
= 8V
C1 + C 2
V 1 = 12

V 1 = 4V
V 2 = 8V

Problem 5.46
Select the value of C to produce the desired total capacitance of CT=2F in the circuit in
Figure P5.46

C
CT

C1=2F

C2=4F

Suggested Solution

C
CT

C1=2F

C (C1 + C 2)
6C
2=
C + C1 + C 2
6+C
12 + 2C = 6C 4C = 12
CT =

C = 3 F

C2=4F

Problem 5.47
Select the value of C to produce the desired total capacitance of CT=1F in the circuit in
Figure P5.47.

1F

CT
1F

1F

2F

Figure P5.57

Suggested Solution
3C
(1 + C )(1)
+
3 + C (1 + C ) + 1
3C
1+ C
1=
+
3+C 2+C
(3 + C )(2 + C ) = 3C (2 + C ) + (3 + C )(1 + C )
CT = 1 =

0 = 3C 2 + 5C 3
C1, C 2 =

5 25 4(3)(3)
2(3)

C = 0.47 F

Problem 5.48
Find the equivalent capacitance at terminals A-B in Figure P5.48
5F

3F

2F

6F

2F

6F

B
6F

12F

Figure 5.48

Suggested Solution
C1

C5

C2

C6

C3

C7

B
C4
C1=5F
C2=2F
C3=2F

C8
C4=7F C6=6F
C5=3F C7=6F
C8=12F

C 5C 6
= 2F
C5 + C6
Ceq2=C2+Ceq1=4F

Ceq1 =

C 7C 8
= 4F
C 7 + C8
Ceq4=C3+Ceq3=6F
1
1
1
=
+
Ceq 5 = 2.4F
Ceq 5 Ceq 2 Ceq 4
1
1
1
1
= +
+
CAB = 1.32F
CAB C1 C 4 Ceq 5

Ceq 3 =

Problem 5.49
Determine the total capacitance of the network in Figure P5.49
4F

1F

2F
CT

4F
2F

12F

4F

Figure P5.49

Suggested Solution

C1

C4

C6

C5

C7

C2
C3

C1=4F
C2=4F
C3=12F

C4=1F
C5=2F

C6=2F
C7=4F

(C 4 + C 6)(C 5 + C 7)
(C 4 + C 6) + (C 5 + C 7)
CAB = 2 F
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
=
+ +
= + +
CT C 2 + CAB C 1 C 3 6 4 12
CT = 2 F
CAB =

Problem 5.50
Find CT in the network in Figure P5.50 if (a) the switch is open and (b) the switch is
closed.

6F

3F
CT

6F

12F

Figure P5.50

Suggested Solution
The networks can be reduced as follows:

a)
3

12

2F

4F

CT =(4||2)=6F

CT

b)
3

12

CT

9F

18F

CT =9(18)/(9+18)=6F

Problem 5.51
Find the total capacitance CT of the network in Figure P5.51.

CT

4F

6F

1F
8F

3F

Figure P5.51

Suggested Solution
C1 = 4F
CT

C1

C2 = 1F

C4

C3 = 8F
C4 = 6F

C2
C3

C5 = 3F

C5

Ceq1 = C2 + C3 + C5 = 12F
Ceq2 = C1Ceq1/(C1 + Ceq1) = 3F
CT = C4 + Ceq2 = 9F
CT = 9F

Problem 5.52
Compute the equivalent capacitance of the network in Figure P5.52 if all the capacitors
are 5F.

Figure P5.52

Suggested Solution

4
8
8

Ceq = 4(8)/12 + 8 = 32/3 F

Problem 5.53
If all the capacitors in Figure P5.53 are 6 F, find Ceq

Ceq

Figure P5.53

Suggested Solution

12

6
6

Ceq

Ceq

12
6
6

4
Ceq

12 + 54/15 = 15.6
Ceq = 4(15.6)/(19.6)=3.18F

9
6

Problem 5.54
Given the capacitors in Figure 5.54 are C1=2.0uF with a tolerance of 2% and C2=2.0uF
with a tolerance of 20%, find
a) the nominal value of CEQ
b) the minimum and maximum possible values of CEQ
c) the percent errors of the minimum and maximum values

C1
Ceq
C2

Figure P5.54

Suggested Solution
a ) The nominal value is
CEQ = C1 + C 2 + C 3 = (0.1 + 0.33 + 1) x106 = 1.43 F
b) The minimum value of CEQ is
CEQ ,min = C1,min + C2,min + C3,min = (0.1*0.9 + 0.33*0.8 + 1*0.9) x106 = 1.254 F
The maximum value of CEQ is
CEQ ,max = C1,max + C2,max + C3,max = (0.1*1.1 + 0.33*1.2 + 1*1.1) x106 = 1.606 F
c) The percent irror of the minimum value is
1.254 1.43
x100 = 12.3%
1.43
The percent irror of the maximum value is
1.606 1.43
x100 = 12.3%
1.43

Problem 5.55
Given the capacitors in Figure 5.55 are C1=0.1F with a tolerance of 2% and C2=0.33F
with a tolerance of 20% and 1 F with a tolerance of 10% . Find the following.
a) the nominal value of CEQ
b) the minimum and maximum possible values of CEQ
c) the percent errors of the minimum and maximum values

Ceq

C1

C2

C3

Figure P5.55

Suggested Solution

a) The nominal value is

C1C 2
(2.0)(2.0)
=
CEQ =
x106 = 1.0 F
C1 + C 2 2.0 + 2.0
b) The minimum value of CEQ is
CEQ ,min =

C1,min C2,min

( 2.0*0.98)(2.0*0.8)

C1,min + C2,min (2.0*0.98) + (2.0*0.8)

x106 = 0.881 F

The maximum value of CEQ is

CEQ ,max =

C1,max C2,max

( 2.0*1.02)(2.0*1.2 )

C1,max + C2,max (2.0*1.02) + (2.0*1.2)

x106 = 1.103 F

c) The percent irror of the minimum value is

0.881 1.0
x100 = 11.9%
1.0
The percent irror of the maximum value is
1.103 1
x100 = 10.3%
1

Problem 5.56
Select the value of L that produces a total inductance of LT = 10mH in the circuit in
Figure P5.56

12mH

LT = 10mH

8mH

Figure P5.56

Suggested Solution
LT = (L1 + L2) L / (L1 + L2 + L)
L1

10 = 20 L / (20 + L)
200 + 10L = 20L

LT

L = 20mH

L2

Problem 5.57
Find the value of L in the network in Figure P5.57 so that the total inductance LT will be
2 mH.

4mH

2mH

L
LT

6mH

Figure P5.57

Suggested Solution

4mH

2mH
All L's in mH
L

LT

6mH

[ 66+LL + 2]4
=2
6L
6+ L + 2 + 4
24 L
6+ L
6L
6+ L

+8
=2
+6

24 L + 8(6 + L) = (6 L + (6 + L))2
24 L + 48 + 8 L = 12 L + 72 + 12 L
8 L = 24
L = 3mH

Problem 5.58
Find the value of L in the network in Figure 5.58 so that the value of LT will be 2 mH.

2mH
1mH
6mH

LT

4mH

Figure P5.58

Suggested Solution

2
L

[ 44+LL + 2]L
=2
4L
L
+
2
+
4+ L
6 L2 + 8L = 2 L2 + 20 L + 16
( L + 4)( L + 1) = 0
L = 4mH

(4L) / (4+L)

Problem 5.59
Determine the inductance at terminals A-B in the network in Figure P5.59.
1mH
A
6mH
2mH

12mH

4mH

1mH

2mH

B
2mH
Figure 5.59

Suggested Solution
L6
A
L1
L7

L4
L2

L3

L5

L8

B
L9
L1 = L3 = L6 = 1mH L2 = 12mH
L4 = 6mH L5 = 4mH
L7 = L8 = L9 = 2mh

Leq1 = L6 + L7 = 3mH
Leq 2 = L4 Leq1 /( L4 + Leq1 ) = 2mH
Leq 3 = L8 + L9 + 4mH
Leq 4 = Leq 3 L5 /( Leq 3 + L5 ) = 2mH
Leq 5 =

L2 ( Leq 2 + Leq 4 )
L2 + Leq 2 + Leq 4

= 3mH

LAB = L1 + L3 + Leq 5 = 5mH

LAB = 5mH

Problem 5.60
Compute the equivalent inductance of the network in Figure P5.60 if all inductors are 5
mH

Leq

Figure 5.60

Suggested Solution
Redrawing the network

2
2

Leq = 4(6) / 10 + 2 = 24 / 10 + 20 / 10 = 44 / 10 = 4.4mA

Problem 5.61
Determine the inductance at terminals A-B in the network in Figure P5.61
1mH
A

4mH

12mH

2mH

4mH

3mH
2mH
B
Figure 5.61

Suggested Solution
A
L1
L2

L3

L4
L5
B
L1 = 1mH L2 = L7 = 4mH L3 = 12mH
L4 = 3mH L5 = L6 = 2mH

L6

L7

Leq1 = L6 + L7 = 6mH
Leq 2 = L2 L3 /( L2 + L3 ) = 3mH
Leq 3 = Leq 2 + L4 = 6mH
Leq 4 = Leq1 Leq 3 /( Leq1 + Leq 3 )
Leq 4 = 3mH
LAB = L1 + Leq 4 + L5
LAB = 6mH

Problem 5.62
Find the total inductance at the terminals of the network in Figure P5.62

3mH

6mH

6mH

4mH

LT

10mH

Figure 5.62

Suggested Solution
L1 = 6mH
L1

L2

L3

L2 = 6mH
L3 = 3mH
L4 = 4mH

L4

LT

L5 = 10mH
L5

L1 is shorted out!
Leq1 = L2 L3 /( L2 + L3 ) = 2mH
Leq 2 = Leq1 + L5 = 10m + 2m = 12mH
LT = L4 Leq 2 /( L4 + Leq 2 )
LT = 3mH

Problem 5.63
Given the network shown in Figure P5.63 find (a) the equivalent inductance at terminals
A-B with terminals C-D short circuited. And (b) the equivalent inductance at terminals
C-D with terminals A-B open circuited.
12H
A

6H

2H

D
2H
Figure P5.63

Suggested Solution

L1 = 12H
L1

L2 = 2H

L3
C

L3 = 6H
L4 = 2H

L2

L4

Leq1 = L1L3/(L1 + L3) = 4H

Leq2=L2L4/(L2 + L4) = 1H

LAB = Leq1 + Leq2

LAB = 5H
A

C
L1

Leq3 = L1 + L3 = 18H

L3

Leq4 = L2 + L4 = 4H
C

L2
B

1/LCD = 1/Leq3 + 1/Leq4

LCD = 3.27 H

L4
D

Problem 5.64
For the network in Figure P5.64 choose C such that
vo = 10 vs dt
C

Rs=10K

70K

+
+
Vs

vo

RL

Figure P5.64

Suggested Solution
C
i2
70K

i1
Rs

0
+

Vs

RL

vo
-

Rs = 10 K
vo = 10 vs dt
R e q = Rs + 70 K = 80 K
Using ideal op-amp assumptions,
i1 = i2
1
vs 0
dv
= C o vo =
vs dt
R eq
R eq C
dt
So,
R eq C =

1
C = 1.25 F
10

Problem 5.65
For the network in Figure P5.65, vs(t)=120cos377t V. Find Vo(t)
1K
1F
0
+
Vs(t)

vo(t)
-

Figure P5.65

Suggested Solution
R

i2

i1
0

+
Vs(t)

vo(t)
-

C = 1 F
R = 1K
vs = 120 cos 377t V
i1 = i2 (ideal op-amp assumptions)
dvs
v
dv
= o vo = RC s
dt
R
dt
vo (t ) = + (1k )(1 )(120)(377) sin(377)t

vo (t ) = 45.24sin(377t ) V

Problem 5.66
For the network in Figure P5.66, vs(t)=115sin377t V. Find vo(t)
5F

5K
0
+
Vs(t)

vo(t)
Figure P5.66

Suggested Solution
5F

5K
R
Vs(t)

+
vo(t)
-

1
vs dt
RC
115
=
cos(377t )
(5K )(5 )(377)

vo (t ) =

vo (t ) = 12.20 cos(377t ) V

Problem 5FE-1
Given three capacitors with values 2F, 4F and 6F, can the capacitors be
interconnected so that the combination is an equivalent 3F?
Suggested Solution
Yes.
2F

4F

3F

6F

Problem 5FE-2
The current pulse shown in Figure 5PFE-2 is applied to a 1F capacitor. Determine the
charge on the capacitor and the energy stored.

6A

t (sec)
0

1
Figure PFE-2

Suggested Solution

The capacitor voltage is

T

1
1
v(t ) = i (t )dt = 6
C0
10

106

6dt = 6V
0

Q = CV = 10 6 = 6 C
1
1
W = CV 2 = (106 )(6) 2 = 18 J
2
2
6

Problem 5FE-3
In the network shown in Figure 5PFE-3, determine the energy stored in the unknown
capacitor Cx.

+
60F

8V
-

24V
Cx
-

Figure PFE-3

Suggested Solution

Q = CV = (60x10-6)(8) = 480C

+
60F

8V
-

24V

Cx = Q/Vx = (480x10-6) / 16 = 30F

Cx

Vx = 24 - 8 = 16V

W = 1/2 CV2
= 1/2 (30x10-6) (16)2
W = 3.84mJ