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    Radiation Experimentational Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Pikachū Ketchum
    This document describes a device that measures the effect of thermal radiation on temperature readings. It contains thermocouples in a duct where air flows and the duct wall can be heated. Radiation from the hot wall causes errors in thermocouple readings compared to the air temperature. A radiation shield helps reduce this effect. The device demonstrates factors influencing measurement errors and methods for reducing errors, like shielding thermometers from radiation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Radiation Experimentational Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Pikachū Ketchum
    189 views2 pages
    This document describes a device that measures the effect of thermal radiation on temperature readings. It contains thermocouples in a duct where air flows and the duct wall can be heated. Radiation from the hot wall causes errors in thermocouple readings compared to the air temperature. A radiation shield helps reduce this effect. The device demonstrates factors influencing measurement errors and methods for reducing errors, like shielding thermometers from radiation.

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    radiation experimentational instrumentation

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    This document describes a device that measures the effect of thermal radiation on temperature readings. It contains thermocouples in a duct where air flows and the duct wall can be heated. Radiation from the hot wall causes errors in thermocouple readings compared to the air temperature. A radiation shield helps reduce this effect. The device demonstrates factors influencing measurement errors and methods for reducing errors, like shielding thermometers from radiation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    189 views2 pages

    Radiation Experimentational Instrumentation

    Uploaded by

    Pikachū Ketchum
    This document describes a device that measures the effect of thermal radiation on temperature readings. It contains thermocouples in a duct where air flows and the duct wall can be heated. Radiation from the hot wall causes errors in thermocouple readings compared to the air temperature. A radiation shield helps reduce this effect. The device demonstrates factors influencing measurement errors and methods for reducing errors, like shielding thermometers from radiation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    RADIATION ERRORS IN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT - HT16

    COMPUTER CONTROLLED RADIATION ERRORS IN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT - HT16C

    T10

    T7
    T8
    T9

    Shield

    Heater

    Anemometer
    T6

    Throttle plate

    Computer Controlled Radiation Errors in Temperature Measurement - HT16C

    Schematic diagram showing construction of HT16

    Radiative heat transfer between a thermometer and its


    surroundings may significantly affect the temperature
    reading obtained from the thermometer, especially
    when the temperature of a gas is to be measured while
    the thermometer sees surrounding surfaces at a higher
    or lower temperature than the gas. The error in the
    reading from the thermometer is also affected by other
    factors such as the gas velocity over the thermometer,
    the physical size of the thermometer and the emissivity
    of the thermometer body. In this equipment a group of
    thermocouples are used to measure the temperature
    of a stream of air, at ambient temperature, passing
    through the centre of a duct while the wall of the duct is
    elevated in temperature to subject the thermocouples
    to a source of thermal radiation.
    Each thermocouple gains heat by radiation from the
    heated wall and loses heat by convection to the air
    stream and conduction along the wire. The net result
    is an increase in the temperature of the thermocouple
    above the temperature of the air stream which it is
    supposed to measure. The result is an error in the
    reading from the thermocouple. A radiation shield
    can be positioned in the duct to show the effect of
    screening the thermocouples from thermal radiation
    from the duct wall.

    On the HT16C the heater power, the air flow rate and
    the position of the radiation shield can all be controlled
    via the HT10XC, either from the front panel controls
    or from the software. On HT16, these parameters are
    adjusted manually.

    TECHNICAL DETAILS
    The equipment comprises a tubular metal duct through
    which air, at ambient temperature, is blown vertically
    upwards by an electric fan.
    A section of the duct wall is heated from the outside by an
    electric band heater and provides the source of radiation
    to the test thermocouples. Three thermocouples with
    different styles or sizes of bead are installed in the duct to
    demonstrate the differences in readings obtained.
    The temperature of the heated wall can be changed
    by varying the power supplied to the heater.
    The actual temperature of the heated surface is measured
    using another thermocouple which is attached to it. The
    effect of the duct wall temperature on the measurement
    thermocouples can be demonstrated. A further
    thermocouple is installed upstream of the heated section
    to measure the temperature of the ambient air passing over
    the thermocouples at the core of the duct.

    EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
    The effect of air velocity past the test thermocouples can
    be demonstrated by adjusting the air flow. On the HT16C
    this is achieved by a variable speed fan with electronic
    control. On HT16 the fan is fixed speed with a manually
    adjustable throttle plate.
    A vane type anemometer within the fan outlet duct
    enables the air velocity through the heated section to
    be measured.
    A radiation shield, which remains close to the air
    temperature, can be raised or lowered over the thermocouples to demonstrate the change in readings when a
    radiation shield is used.
    On HT16C this radiation shield is controlled by an electro-mechanical servo actuator under software control.
    On HT16 the radiation shield is positioned manually.

    EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES
    > Errors associated with radiative heat transfer:
    o Effect of wall temperature on measurement error
    o Effect of air velocity on measurement error
    o E ffect of thermocouple style on measurement error
    > Methods for reducing errors due to radiation:
    o Design of a radiation resistant thermometer
    oU
     se of a radiation shield to surround the thermometer

    ESSENTIAL ACCESSORIES
    HT10XC Computer Controlled Heat Transfer Service Unit.

    REQUIREMENTS
    All electrical requirements are obtained from
    the service unit.
    NOTE: the supply rating of the HT16/HT16C must
    be the same as that of the HT10XC that it is used
    with, i.e.
    HT16-A, HT16C-A: 230V/1ph/50Hz
    HT16-B, HT16C-B: 115V/1ph/60Hz
    HT16-G, HT16C-G: 230V/1ph/60Hz

    OVERALL DIMENSIONS
    HT16:
    Height:
    1.22m
    Width:
    0.30m
    Depth:
    0.35m

    HT16C:
    Height: 1.19m
    Width: 0.49m
    Depth: 0.44m

    SHIPPING SPECIFICATION
    HT16:
    Volume:
    0.1m3
    Gross weight: 9kg

    HT16C:
    Volume:
    0.2m3
    Gross Weight: 15kg

    ORDERING SPECIFICATION
    HT16 - RADIATION ERRORS IN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
    HT16C - COMPUTER CONTROLLED RADIATION ERRORS IN
    TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

    Test thermocouple

    Shield
    Shield

    Heater
    Ambient air
    Schematic diagram showing function of the radiation shield

    Ambient air

    A small scale accessory to demonstrate how temperature


    measurements can be influenced by sources of
    thermal radiation
     Comprises three K-type thermocouples with different styles
    of bead mounted in a vertical air duct. A fan at the base of
    the duct provides a variable air flow over the cylinder.
    A band heater heats the duct wall adjacent to the
    thermocouple beads
    Heater rating 216 Watt at 24V DC
     K-type thermocouples measure the air temperature upstream
    and the surface temperature of the heated duct section
    On HT16C the air flow is electronically adjustable over the
    range 0 - 9m/s by a variable speed fan
    On HT16 the air flow is manually adjustable
    The air flow rate is measured by a vane type anemometer
    in the outlet duct
    A radiation shield can be lowered over the thermocouples
    to demonstrate the improvement in reading accuracy
    when the thermocouples are shielded from the source of
    radiation (On HT16C this is electronically activated, on HT16
    it is manually positioned.)
    The accessory is mounted on a PVC baseplate, which is
    designed to stand on the bench top and connect to the
    Heat Transfer Service Unit without the need for tools
    A comprehensive instruction manual is included

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