A2 (Liaqat Ali, 2018 CH 256)

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE,
New Campus
Name:
Liaqat Ali
Reg #
2018-CH-256
Section:
B
Subject:
Instrumentation and Control Lab
Assignment:
A2
Submitted to:
Sir Suleman
P&ID of N2 Separation Plant By Pressure Swing Adsorption
Instruments:
Thermal mass flow meter (FM 4):
Working Principle:
The thermal mass meter measures gas flow based on the concept of convective
heat transfer. Gas flows by the heated flow sensor, and molecules of the gas
transport heat away, the sensor cools, and energy is lost.
Fig.1 Working Principle of Thermal mass flow meter

Thermocouples type K (TIR 1–10):
There are ten k type thermocouples number from (TIR 1–10). The product receiver
vessel is installed together with temperature (TIR 10). Temperature indicators
(Aplisens CTX) are placed in the feed pipeline (TIR 3) as well as inside of the
climate chamber (TIR 2) for an operating temperature control.
Working Principle:
A K-type thermocouple circuit contains the two alloy junctions, wire sand
connectors and a voltage measuring device. When the two junctions are experiencing
different temperatures, measurable current flows through the circuit. The current is
related to the temperature differential.
Fig.2 Working Principle of K-type Thermocouple
Applications:
Type K thermocouple is used in furnaces with magnetic materials processed. The
type K is commonly found in nuclear applications because of its relative radiation
hardness.
Pressure transmitters (PIR 1–12):

Pressure transmitters (PIR 1–4) from Aplisens, type PCE-28. SMART, are placed at
equal intervals along the wall of columns in order to measure temperature and
pressure distributions inside the packed bed.
Additionally, each adsorber’s closing flange is equipped with a pressure transmitter
(PIR 5, PIR 6) to track the pressure variation at the top of the packed bed. The
product receiver vessel is installed pressure (PIR 9) sensors.
Fig.3 Aplisens Pressure transmitters

Working Principle:
The functional principle of a resistive pressure transmitter is very simple. The
diaphragm is deflected under the influence of pressure. Thus, the strain gauges
attached to it are elongated or compressed and its electrical resistance changes. This
change in resistance is directly proportional to the pressure.
Fig.4 Pressure Transmitter Working Principle

Concentration Measurement Instrument:
A dual-stream oxygen analyzer (Servomex MultiExact 5400) is adapted for the
simultaneous measurement of trace amounts in the product gas (ppm range) by a
zirconium dioxide sensor (QO2 14.1) and of the tail gas concentration by a high-
precision paramagnetic sensor (QO2 14.2).
Fig.5 zirconium dioxide sensor
Drum type gas meter:
Working Principle:
Drum type gas meters work on the principle of positive displacement. The gas flow
causes a rotation of the measuring drum within a packing liquid, usually water or
low viscous oil. The measuring drum compulsorily measures the gas volume by
periodically filling and emptying the rigid measuring chambers.
Fig.6 Drum type gas meter

Controller:
Norgren pressure regulator (PC 4):
Compressed air regulators are used to reduce the pressure, to suit the
application or tool downstream, for reasons of safety, to reduce cost or to even
the compressed airline pressure. Lowering the system pressures mean less risk
and lower running costs. Pressure regulators available include general purpose,
high flow, pilot operated or special purpose Pressure Regulators.
Fig.7 Norgren pressure regulator

Thermal mass flow controllers:
Thermal mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst F-201AV and F-201CV) are installed
for the regulation of the flow rates of product (FC 7) and purge (FC 8) streams.
Working Principle:
The thermal Mass Flow Controller is capable of providing direct measurement of
mass flow, as opposed to most other methods that measure volumetric flow and
require separate measurements for temperature and pressure in order to calculate
density and, ultimately, the mass flow.
Fig.8 Thermal Mass Flow Controller

Pneumatic solenoid valves (V1–14):
The test unit is equipped with externally piloted pneumatic solenoid valves (V1–14)
from Festo MF series, allowing the leak-tight operation in both flow directions. The
system is fully automated by a PLC system (Beckhoff Automation), coded in
TwinCAT 3.
Working Principle:
When an electrical current is passed through the solenoid coil, a magnetic field is
generated which causes a ferrous metal rod to move. This is the basic process
that opens the valve and it works either directly or indirectly on the air. Normally
Closed (N/C), the valve remains closed when the solenoid is not charged.
Fig.9 Working of Solenoid valve

A2 (Liaqat Ali, 2018 CH 256)

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE,

Fig.1 Working Principle of Thermal mass flow meter

Fig.2 Working Principle of K-type Thermocouple

Pressure transmitters (PIR 1–12):

Fig.3 Aplisens Pressure transmitters

Fig.4 Pressure Transmitter Working Principle

Fig.6 Drum type gas meter

Fig.7 Norgren pressure regulator

Fig.8 Thermal Mass Flow Controller

Fig.9 Working of Solenoid valve

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