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    High Voltage Engineering: SF6 Decomposition & Effect On Environment + Liquid Dielectrics Basics

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    MudassirAli
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on liquid dielectrics. It discusses the basics of liquid dielectrics, how they are characterized by free molecular movement without separating. It also discusses their use in power apparatus for insulation, impregnation of insulation materials, cooling, and arc extinction. The document classifies liquid dielectrics as organic or inorganic, with most commonly used organic dielectrics being mineral oils from petroleum and vegetable oils like castor and linseed oils. Synthetic organic dielectrics discussed include chlorinated diphenyls, polyisobutane, and silicone oils. The document covered material from Chapter 6 of an IEEE Press book on the topic.

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    High Voltage Engineering: SF6 Decomposition & Effect On Environment + Liquid Dielectrics Basics

    Uploaded by

    MudassirAli
    23 views12 pages
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on liquid dielectrics. It discusses the basics of liquid dielectrics, how they are characterized by free molecular movement without separating. It also discusses their use in power apparatus for insulation, impregnation of insulation materials, cooling, and arc extinction. The document classifies liquid dielectrics as organic or inorganic, with most commonly used organic dielectrics being mineral oils from petroleum and vegetable oils like castor and linseed oils. Synthetic organic dielectrics discussed include chlorinated diphenyls, polyisobutane, and silicone oils. The document covered material from Chapter 6 of an IEEE Press book on the topic.

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    Lecture 13 - Basics of High Vol

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    This document provides a summary of a lecture on liquid dielectrics. It discusses the basics of liquid dielectrics, how they are characterized by free molecular movement without separating. It also discusses their use in power apparatus for insulation, impregnation of insulation materials, cooling, and arc extinction. The document classifies liquid dielectrics as organic or inorganic, with most commonly used organic dielectrics being mineral oils from petroleum and vegetable oils like castor and linseed oils. Synthetic organic dielectrics discussed include chlorinated diphenyls, polyisobutane, and silicone oils. The document covered material from Chapter 6 of an IEEE Press book on the topic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views12 pages

    High Voltage Engineering: SF6 Decomposition & Effect On Environment + Liquid Dielectrics Basics

    Uploaded by

    MudassirAli
    This document provides a summary of a lecture on liquid dielectrics. It discusses the basics of liquid dielectrics, how they are characterized by free molecular movement without separating. It also discusses their use in power apparatus for insulation, impregnation of insulation materials, cooling, and arc extinction. The document classifies liquid dielectrics as organic or inorganic, with most commonly used organic dielectrics being mineral oils from petroleum and vegetable oils like castor and linseed oils. Synthetic organic dielectrics discussed include chlorinated diphenyls, polyisobutane, and silicone oils. The document covered material from Chapter 6 of an IEEE Press book on the topic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    High Voltage

    Engineering
    Lecture # 13

    SF6 Decomposition & Effect on


    Environment +
    Liquid Dielectrics Basics
    Arsalan A Rahim
    University of Engineering & Technology
    Lahore, Pakistan

    Liquid Dielectrics
    A liquid can be described as highly compressed gas in which
    molecules are very closely arranged.
    A liquid is characterized by free movement of the constituent molecules
    among themselves but without the tendency to separate.
    The movement of charged particles, their microscopic streams and
    interface conditions with other materials cause distortion in the
    undisturbed molecular structures of the liquids
    Phenomenon's such as Impact Ionization, Mean Free Path, Electron Drift
    and so on are therefore also applicable for liquid Dielectrics
    They posses a very high Electric Strength and their viscosity and
    permittivity vary in a wide range
    Power Apparatus has been gradually declining the use of Liquid
    Dielectrics in the recent past due to the developments of SF6 Gas and
    Vacuum Technology since 1970s

    Functions of Liquid Dielectrics in


    Power Apparatus
    Insulation between the parts carrying voltage and grounded container as
    in Transformer
    Impregnation of Insulation provided in thin layers of paper or other
    materials as used in Transformers, cables & Capacitors
    Cooling action by convection in Transformers and Oil Filled Cables
    through circulation
    Filling up of voids to form and electrically stronger integral part of a
    composite dielectric
    Arc Extinction in Circuit Breakers
    High Capacitance with Liquid Dielectrics having high permittivity in Power
    Capacitors

    Classification of Liquid Dielectrics

    Liquid Dielectrics are divided into two broad classifications: Organic and
    Inorganic Materials with Organic Materials consisting of Carbon
    Compounds in general.
    Inorganic Compounds such as Highly Purified water, N2, O2, Ar, SF6, He
    are used in cryogenic applications

    Liquid Dielectrics
    Organic Compounds (Natural)
    Main Liquid Dielectric used are Naturally occurring Organic Compounds
    such as Mineral Insulation Oils used in Transformers
    Mineral Oils are refined mixtures of different hydrocarbons obtained by
    fractional distillation of natural petroleum
    These oils mainly consist of saturated hydrocarbons of paraffinic and
    naphthenic (CnH2n) structures besides having unsaturated aromatic
    hydrocarbons (Cn H2n-6) in different proportions
    An oil base is said to be naphthenic or paraffinic when the content of
    either of them exceeds the other.
    Naphthenic Mineral Oils are more in use as dielectric because they do not
    have a wax type consistency which reduces their fluidity at low
    temperatures

    Organic Compounds (Natural)


    Mineral Oil for Transformer etc
    Mineral Oils are used in transformers, CT, PTs, Oil filled cables,
    condensers and CB.
    For Cables and Condensers, high quality and low viscosity oils are
    preferred to achieve smoother circulation and better convection of heat
    Transformer Oil is taken from Petroleum Based Mineral Insulating Oil
    specifically refined to meet the requirements of Electrical Insulation and
    Heat transfer for its application in transformers
    The amount of oil contained in transformers varies largely and depends
    on the size mainly. E.g. a 25KVA transformer may contain 20 gallons
    whereas a 400MVA may contain 10,000 gallons of oil.
    For transformer oils, viscosity and breakdown strength are principal
    parameters for heat transfer and electrical insulation design respectively

    Organic Compounds (Natural)


    Vegetable Oil
    Some vegetable Oils have also been used in electrical equipments
    because of their high dielectric permittivity e.g. Castor, Linseed,
    Rapeseed, soya, groundnut, corn, olive, sunflower, mustard, clove,
    almond, mango-seed, cotton-seeds oils
    Linseed, soya and Castor Oils are important components for the
    production of Oil Modified Alkaline Resins
    Castor Oil has found wide application as an impregnating agent in Power
    Capacitors and using it reduces the size of capacitors considerably
    Some of these oils are often mixed with suitable solvents in order to
    imrove the soaking or impregnating properties

    Organic Compounds (Synthetic)


    Chlorinated Diphenyles
    Replacing two of five hydrogen atoms of each molecule by chlorine
    atoms of hydrocarbons produce Chlorinated Diphenyles
    Di, Tri, Tetra or Penta - chlorodiphenyles are produced; for example,
    trichlorodiphenyle (C12 H7 Cl3 ) and pentachlorodiphenyle (C12H5Cl5 )
    These compounds have different commercial names in different countries
    e.g. Sowol (Russia), Pyranol (USA), Chlohen or Orophen (Germany)
    Because of Electro-negative effect of Chlorine Atoms, The Chlorodiphenyles have higher relative permittivity of the order of 5.6 at 20oC
    The cholo-diphenyles are highly stable and do not decompose easily
    under normal conditions and are oxidation, flame and fire resistant and
    also do not show forms of aging

    Organic Compounds (Synthetic)


    Chlorinated Diphenyles
    They do not endanger any explosion and cause no damage to metals
    By mixing trichlorobenzol (C6 H 3 Cl3 ) their viscosity can be brought
    down to a level of 0.004 Pa.s at 90 C, which is desirable for the use in
    transformers as a cooling agent.
    They appear to dissolve organic matter. They also get decomposed by
    electric arcs.
    By Inhalation or by direct contact, these can cause serious health hazards

    Its almost ten times costlier then mineral oils. Because of its hazards it is
    normally kept in sealed units in order to prevent any spillage

    Organic Compounds (Synthetic)


    Halogen Free Synthetic Oils
    Synthetic liquid dielectrics, poly-isobutane and dodecylbenzole have
    found their application in power cables and condensers.
    Polyisobutane is used as a high viscosity impregnating agent for mass
    impregnated power cables and condensers
    Dodecylbenzole is a low viscosity insulating material from the series
    Alkalinebenzole. It is used for low - pressure oil filled cables and also for
    condensers
    The most important halogen free synthetic insulating liquids are pure
    polydimethylsiloxane

    Organic Compounds (Synthetic)


    Silicone Oils
    Silicone oils are very stable liquids and do not show signs of aging
    under the working conditions of electrical equipment
    They are stable thermally up to 300 C and chemically, that is under
    oxidation with air, up to, 180 C
    Their relative permittivity is about 2.6 at 20 C but reduces to 2.3 at
    temperatures around 200 C
    The dielectric loss tangent (tan ) varies only between 104 and 2 104 in
    this wide temperature range of 20 to 200 C
    Silicone oils have a very low surface tension, these are water resistive,
    that is, water collects as separate drops instead of getting mixed with the
    oil

    Todays Text Covered from Chapter 6 of IEEE


    Press Book (Ravindra Book)
    Uptil Article 6.2.3

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