WLAN 11n Design Library

ADS
2015.01
WLAN 11n Design

Library
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Table of Contents
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
About WLAN 11n Design Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

WLAN 11n System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
WLAN 11n Physical Layer Major Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Frequently Used Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
WLAN 11n Design Library Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Component Libraries Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Source Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Receiver Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Design Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
WLAN_11n_Tx_wrk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
WLAN_11n_Rx_wrk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
WLAN 11n Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

WLAN 11n Channel (WLAN 11n MIMO channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
WLAN_11n_Channel (WLAN 11n MIMO channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
WLAN 11n Design Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

WLAN 11n Tx Workspace Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
WLAN_11n_CCDF Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
WLAN 11n CCDF Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
WLAN 11n Transmitter EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
WLAN_11n_TxEVM_2Tx Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Transmit Spectrum Measurement for WLAN 11n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
WLAN_11n_Spectrum Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
WLAN 11n Spectrum Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
WLAN 11n Rx Workspace Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

BER and PER of WLAN 11n under AWGN Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
WLAN_11n_AWGN_System_2SS Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
BER and PER of WLAN 11n under Fading Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Measurement Results for 1SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Measurement Results for 2SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
WLAN 11n Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

WLAN 11n EVM (WLAN 11n EVM measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
WLAN_11n_EVM_ (WLAN 11n EVM measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
WLAN 11n RF CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

WLAN_11n_RF_CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
WLAN 11n Receiver Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

WLAN 11n AntDemapper (WLAN 11n Antenna) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
WLAN_11n_AntDemapper (WLAN 11n Antenna) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
WLAN 11n BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst Demultiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

WLAN_11n_BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst Demultiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
WLAN 11n ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

WLAN_11n_ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
WLAN 11n ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

WLAN_11n_ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
WLAN 11n DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

WLAN_11n_DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
WLAN 11n Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation demapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

WLAN_11n_Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation demapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
WLAN 11n OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM demodulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM demodulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
WLAN 11n PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
WLAN 11n RF Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF Demodulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

WLAN_11n_RF_Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF Demodulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
WLAN 11n SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial Commutator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

WLAN_11n _SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial Commutator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
WLAN_11n_SpatialCommutator Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
WLAN 11n Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

WLAN_11n_Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
WLAN 11n Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

WLAN 11n Receiver (WLAN 11n Baseband Receiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
WLAN_11n_Receiver (WLAN 11n Baseband Receiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
WLAN 11n Receiver RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

WLAN_11n_Receiver_RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
WLAN 11n Source Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

WLAN 11n BurstMux (WLAN 11n Burst Multiplex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
WLAN_11n_BurstMux (WLAN 11n Burst Multiplex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
WLAN 11n BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

WLAN_11n_BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
WLAN 11n ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

WLAN_11n_ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
WLAN 11n DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

WLAN_11n_DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
WLAN 11n HTLTF GF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Green Field) . . . . . 108
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_GF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Green Field) . . . . 108
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
WLAN 11n HTLTF MM (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Mixed Mode) . . . . 112
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_MM (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Mixed Mode) . . 112
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
WLAN 11n HTSIG (WLAN 11n High Throughput SIGNAL Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
WLAN_11n_HTSIG (WLAN 11n High Throughput SIGNAL Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
WLAN 11n HTSTF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Short Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
WLAN_11n_HTSTF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Short Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
WLAN 11n Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

WLAN_11n_Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
WLAN 11n LLTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Long Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
WLAN_11n_LLTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Long Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
WLAN 11n LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

WLAN_11n_LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
WLAN 11n LSTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Short Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
WLAN_11n_LSTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Short Training Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
WLAN 11n Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

WLAN_11n_Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
WLAN 11n MuxOFDMSym (Mux Pilot Subcarriers with the Data Subcarriers To Generate OFDM
Symbol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
WLAN_11n_MuxOFDMSym (Mux Pilot Subcarriers with the Data Subcarriers To Generate OFDM
Symbol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
WLAN 11n OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

WLAN_11n_OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
WLAN 11n PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

WLAN_11n_PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
WLAN 11n Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

WLAN_11n_Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
WLAN 11n PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble Multiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

WLAN_11n_PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble Multiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
WLAN 11n RF Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
WLAN 11n Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

WLAN_11n_Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
WLAN 11n SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

WLAN_11n_SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
WLAN 11n SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

WLAN_11n_SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
WLAN 11n Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

WLAN 11n Source (WLAN 11n baseband signal source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
WLAN_11n_Source (WLAN 11n baseband signal source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
WLAN 11n Source RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

WLAN_11n_Source_RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Notes/Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
WLAN 11n Design Library

The Keysight EEsof WLAN 11n wireless design library is developed based on Enhanced Wireless Consortium (EWC) HT
PHY specification v1.13, which was released in Nov. 2005. For more information please go through the contents listed
below.
22
Contents
About WLAN 11n Design Library
WLAN 11n Channel
WLAN 11n Measurements
WLAN 11n Source Components
WLAN 11n Sources
WLAN 11n Receiver Components
WLAN 11n Receivers
WLAN 11n Design Examples
23
About WLAN 11n Design Library

The Keysight EEsof WLAN 11n wireless design library is developed based on Enhanced Wireless Consortium (EWC) HT
PHY specification v1.13, which was released in Nov. 2005. This library intends to be a baseline system for designers to get
an idea of what a nominal or ideal system performance would be. Evaluations can be made regarding degraded system
performance due to system impairments.
WLAN 11n System Overview

In response to the growing demand for higher-performance wireless local area networks (WLANs), the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Standards Association (IEEE-SA) approved the creation of the IEEE 802.11 Task
Group n (802.11 TGn) in 2003. The objective of TGn is to define both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the Medium
Access Control Layer (MAC) specifications so that a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mbps can be achieved.
The WLAN 11n evolutionary philosophy is reusing existing technologies, while introducing new technologies to provide
effective performance improvements.
The reused technologies include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), forward error correction (FEC)
coding, interleaving and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) mapping. By applying these 11a legacy technologies,
backward compatibility is easily realized and the costs are kept down.
To achieve a much higher throughput, both the PHY and MAC layer must be improved. These improvements include
applying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, enabling a short guard interval (GI), optional 40 MHz channel
bandwidth, optional low density parity check(LDPC) coding scheme, aggregated MAC protocol data unit and etc. With all
of these improvements, the ultimate throughput will be increased as much as 600 Mbps.
MIMO is one of the most important technologies introduced to 11n PHY specification. Traditionally, the multipath is
perceived as interference degrading a receiver's ability to recover the information. But MIMO technology enables the
opportunity to spatially resolve multipath signals, providing antenna diversity and spatial multiplexing ability to enhance
the receiver performance.
To accelerate the IEEE 802.11n development process, Enhanced Wireless Consortium was formed by Wi-Fi industry key
players in September 2005. The consortium published its PHY and MAC specifications which have been adopted by the
IEEE 802.11 TGn as the draft joint proposal for approval.
The major specifications for the WLAN 11n physical layer are listed in the following table.
WLAN 11n Physical Layer Major Specifications

Specification
Settings
Modulation
BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
Error correcting code
CC, LDPC (optional)
24
Specification
Settings
Coding rate
1/2, 2/3, 3/4,5/6
NFFT :FFT Size
64 in 20 MHz channel
128 in 40 MHz channel
Number of data subcarriers
48 in legacy 20 MHz channel

52 in HT 20 MHz channel
Number of pilot subcarriers
4 in legacy and HT 20 MHz channel

6 in 40 MHz HT channel
Number of total subcarriers used
52 in legacy 20 MHz channel

312.5 kHz
: Subcarrier frequency spacing
TFFT: FFT/IFFT period
3.2 sec
TGI: Guard interval period
0.8 sec for normal guard interval

0.4 sec for short guard interval
TSYM: OFDM symbol interval
TFFT + TGI
Some frequently used parameters in this document are listed in the following table.
Frequently Used Parameters

Parameter
Description
NCBPS
Number of coded bits per symbol
NCBPSS
Number of coded bits per symbol per spatial stream
NDBPS
Number of data bits per symbol
NCBPSC
Number of coded bits per single carrier
NSTS
Number of space time streams
25
Parameter
Description
NSS
Number of spatial streams
NESS
Number of extension spatial streams
NTx
Number of transmit chains
NES
Number of FEC encoders
NSYM
Number of OFDM symbols in the data field
NHTLTF
Number of HT long training fields
WLAN 11n Design Library Key Features

WLAN 11n wireless design library follows EWC HT PHY specification v1.13. The key features include:
20/40 MHz channel bandwidth
Up to 4x4 antenna arrays
Short GI enabled
Convolutional coding
Operating mode: Mixed mode and Green field mode
Antenna mapping scheme: Direct mapping and spatial spreading
11n MIMO channel with userdefined option
Component Libraries Overview

The components in WLAN 11n wireless design library are organized in five categories: Channel, Measurements, Source
Components, Source, Receiver components and Receiver.
Channel
The 11n MIMO channel model is provided in this category.
WLAN_11n_Channel: 11n MIMO channel
Measurements
The 11n measurement models are provided in this category.
WLAN_11n_EVM_: EVM measurement
WLAN_11n_RF_CCDF: RF CCDF measurement
26
Source Components
The components that can be used to construct 11n signals sources are provided in this category.
WLAN_11n_BurstMux: Burst mulitplexer
WLAN_11n_BusFork2: Bus fork 2
WLAN_11n_DataWrap: Data wrapper
WLAN_11n_Interleaver: Interleaver
WLAN_11n_LLTF: Legacy long training field generator
WLAN_11n_PilotGen: Pilot generator
WLAN_11n_PreambleMux: preamble multiplexer
WLAN_11n_Scrambler: Scrambler
WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator: RF modulator
WLAN_11n_ChCoder: Channel coder
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_GF: Green Field HT long training field generator
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_MM: Mixed Mode HT long training field generator
WLAN_11n_HTSIG: HT signal field generator
WLAN_11n_HTSTF: HT short training field generator
WLAN_11n_LSIG: Legacy signal field generator
WLAN_11n_LSTF: Legacy short training field generator
WLAN_11n_Mapper: Constellation mapper
WLAN_11n_MuxOFDMSym: OFDM symbol multiplexer
WLAN_11n_OFDMMod: OFDM modulator
WLAN_11n_Preamble: Preamble generator
WLAN_11n_SpatialMapper: Spatial mapper
WLAN_11n_SpatialParser: Spatial parser
Source
The 11n top-level signal sources are provided in this category.
WLAN_11n_Source: Baseband signal source
WLAN_11n_Source_RF: RF signal source
Receiver Components
The components that can be used to construct 11n receivers are provides in this category.
WLAN_11n_Sync: time and frequency synchronizer
27

WLAN_11n_RF_Demodulator: RF demodulator
WLAN_11n_ChDecoder: Channel decoder
WLAN_11n_ChEstimator:Channel estimator
WLAN_11n_Demapper: Constellation demapper
WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod: OFDM demodulator
WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker: Phase tracker
WLAN_11n_SpatialCommutator: Spatial commutator
WLAN_11n_AntDemapper: Antenna demapper
WLAN_11n_DataUnwrap: Data unwrapper
WLAN_11n_BurstDemux: Burst demultiplexer
Receiver
The 11n top-level receivers are provided in this category.
WLAN_11n_Receiver
WLAN_11n_Receiver_RF
Design Examples
WLAN 11n wireless design library provides design examples for both transmitter and receiver measurements. These
design examples can help test and verify RF and baseband performance with standard references.
WLAN_11n_Tx_wrk
The transmitter measurements in this workspace include EVM, spectrum mask and CCDF.
WLAN_11n_CCDF: 11n signal CCDF measurement test bench
WLAN_11n_TxEVM: EVM measurement test bench
WLAN_11n_Spectrum: transmit spectrum measurement test bench with spectrum mask
WLAN_11n_Rx_wrk
THe WLAN 11n full-link BER/PER tests are provided in WLAN_11n_RX_wrk.
WLAN_11n_AWGN_System_2SS: BER/PER measurement for two spatial streams case under AWGN channel.
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS: BER/PER measurement for one spatial stream case under MIMO fading channel.
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_2SS: BER/PER measurement for two spatial streams case under MIMO fading channel.
28
Acronyms
Acronym
Description
AWGN
addition white Gaussian noise
CCDF
complementary cumulative distribution function
EVM
error vector magnitude
FEC
forward error correction
FFT
fast fourier transform
GF
green field
GI
guard interval
HT
high throughput
LDPC
low density parity check
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
IFFT
inverse fast fourier transform
LTF
long training field
MAC
medium access control
MCS
modulation and coding scheme
MIMO
multiple input and multiple output
MM
mixed mode
OFDM
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
PA
power amplifier
PER
packet error rate
29
Acronym
Description
PHY
physical layer
QAM
quadrature amplitude modulation
QPSK
quadrature phase shift keying
RCE
relative constellation error
RF
radio frequency
RX
receive or receiver
SDU
service data unit
STF
short training field
TX
transmit or transmitter
WLAN
wireless local area networks
References
EWC HT PHY Specification v1.13 November 5th, 2005. IEEE Std 802.11a-1999(R2003), Part 11: Wireless LAN
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications, High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz
Band, June 12th, 2003.
30
WLAN 11n Channel

The 11n MIMO channel model is provided in this category.
WLAN 11n Channel (WLAN 11n MIMO channel)
WLAN 11n Channel (WLAN 11n MIMO channel)

WLAN_11n_Channel (WLAN 11n MIMO channel)
Description MIMO 802.11n channel model

Library WLAN 11n, Channel
Class TSDFWLAN_11n_Channel
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
ModelType
802.11n channel
enum
Complex
enum
model case: A, B,
C, D, E, F, User
Defined
CorrelationCoefTypetype of spatial
correlation
Correlation
coefficient:
Complex
Correlation,
Power Correlation
IncludePathloss
31
Yes
enum
Range
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
3 meter
real
(0, )
2.44 GHz
Hz
real
(0, )
60 Hz
Hz
real
(0, )
int
[0, )
int
[1, )
Uniform Linear Tx
enum
0.5
real
pathloss included
in channel
coefficients: Yes,
No
TxRxDistance
separation
between
transmitter and
receiver (for
pathloss
computation)
CarrierFrequency
carrier frequency
PowerLineFrequencyfrequency of
electrical power
Seed
seed for random

number
generator (set to
0 for random
seed)
NumTxAntennas
number of
transmit
antennas
TxArrayType
type of transmit
array: Uniform
Linear Tx,
Uniform Circular
Tx, User Defined
Tx
TxArrayDimension total length of
(0, )
linear array or
diameter of
circular array at
transmitter in
wavelengths
TxArrayFileName
filename
32
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
int
[1, )
Uniform Linear Rx
enum
0.5
real
name of file
containing
transmit array
element positions
(only for
user-defined
array)
NumRxAntennas
number of receive
antennas
RxArrayType
type of receive
array: Uniform
Linear Rx,
Uniform Circular
Rx, User Defined
Rx
RxArrayDimension total length of
(0, )
linear array or
diameter of
circular array at
receiver in
wavelengths
RxArrayFileName
name of file
filename
containing
receive array
element positions
(only for
user-defined
array)
PASType
shape of power
Laplacian
enum
azimuth
spectrum (only
for user-defined
model): Laplacian
, Gaussian,
Uniform
RiceanFactor
33
dB
real
(-, 0]
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
real
(0, 40]
real
(-, 0]
Ricean K factor
for line of sight
component (only
for user-defined
model)
EnvironmentSpeed max speed of
1.2
environment
creating channel
Doppler effect (
km/h, only for
user-defined
model)
PathLoss
bulk path loss (
dB
only for
user-defined
model)
MPathFileName
name of file
filename
containing
multipath
description (only
for user-defined
model)
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
TxSig
signals supplied to transmit
multiple timed
array
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
RxSig
signals at output of receive
multiple timed
array
Notes/Equations
34
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to generate time-varying channel models for multiple transmit and receive antennas in a
multipath propagation environment.
2. Options A-F of ModelType correspond to channel models defined in IEEE 802.11-03/940r (802.11n channel
models). The multipath fading is modeled as a tapped-delay line with the number of taps and the delay and gain
of each tap specified by parameters specified for each ModelType. For each tap, the method of filtered noise is
used to generate a matrix time-varying channel coefficients with the correct distribution and spectrum.
For each tap at a specified time instant, the matrix of channel coefficients is
where P is the sum of the powers in all taps,
is a fixed matrix for a line-of-sight contribution whose angles
of departure and arrival are 45 degrees,
is a variable matrix whose elements are complex Gaussian random
variables (Rayleigh magnitude), and K is the Ricean K-factor.

Characteristics of each model are summarized in the following table. Model Characteristics
Model
Number of Taps
Max Delay Spread
K: First Tap
K: Remaining Taps
(ns)
(dB)
(dB)
80
200
390
730
1050
3. Antenna correlation is represented according to the Kronecker model
where
and
represent the correlation matrices at transmit and receive, respectively, and
is a
matrix of independent, zero-mean, unit-variance complex Gaussian random variables. It is assumed that the
multipath propagation for each tap may be characterized by an angle of departure and angle spread at the
transmitter, and an angle of arrival and angle spread at the receiver. The angular power distribution of these "
clusters" follows a truncated Laplacian shape in angle. These parameters, coupled with the antenna array
geometries, allow computation of the correlation matrices.
CorrelationCoefficientType determines whether the antenna correlations are computed from the complex signal
voltages or signal power.
4.
35

4. IncludePathLoss determines whether or not bulk path loss is included in the computation. Path loss depends on
the distance between the transmitter and receiver (TxRxDistance). If TxRxDistance is below the breakpoint, it
, where f is the carrier frequency, d is the
meets the LOS condition and
TxRxDistance, and c is the speed of light. If TxRxDistance is above the breakpoint, it meets the NLOS condition
and
, where
is the breakpoint distance
shown in the following table. Breakpoint Distance

Model
dBP(m)
10
20
30
5. For channel models A-E, the scatterer in the environment are assumed to be moving at a velocity of 1.2 km/hour.
The Doppler spectrum is given as
where
is the Doppler frequency. For
channel model F, it is assumed that the 3rd tap also sees a vehicle moving at 40 km/hour which places a spike at
the corresponding Doppler frequency. The power in this spike is chosen so that the ripple on narrowband channel
responses is approximately 3 dB. Filters are used to ensure that the time-varying channel coefficients have these
Doppler spectra.
6. Because fluorescent lights operating by creating a plasma (ionized gas), the scattering behavior of these lights
changes as the power line goes from a high voltage (ionized gas appears as a scatterer) to zero voltage (gas is not
ionized). This can create a Doppler component that appears at twice the power line frequency whose spectral
width is determined by the harmonics. Models D (taps 2, 4, 6 in cluster 2) and E (taps 3, 5, 7 in cluster 1) include
the impact of this interference. The interferer-to-carrier ratio is generated as a realization of a Gaussian random
variable with mean 0.0203 and standard deviation 0.0107.
7. If the transmit and receive antenna are either uniform linear or uniform circular arrays, they can be specified using
the TxArrayType and TxArrayDimension (or RxArrayType and RxArrayDimension) parameters. Custom transmit
array designs can be specified by selecting TxArrayType as "User Defined Tx" and specifying the name of an input
file for TxArrayFileName. This file must be an ASCII file, with one line of the file for each antenna element in the
array. Each line contains three tab or space-delineated numbers representing the x, y, and z coordinate of the
antenna element in the array. Each element is assumed to have an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the
horizontal ( x - y ) plane. A similar discussion applies to custom receive array designs (using RxArrayType and
RxArrayFileName). The same file can be used to specify both transmit and receive arrays.
8.
36

8. If the predefined models A-F are unsuitable for the application, ModelType can be specified to be a User Defined
Model, and the channel characteristics must be specified. In this case, multipath characteristics are defined in an
ASCII file specified in the MPathFileName parameter. Each line of this file represents a single multipath cluster,
with six tab or space-delimited numbers specifying the multipath characteristics with the order shown in the table
. The following table is an example file for 6 taps. Example File, 6 Taps
Delay
Power
Angle of
Departure angle
Angle of
Arrival angle
(first
gain in
departure in
spread in
arrival in
spread in
multipath
dB
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
13.5
24.7
-65.7
22.0
10e-9
-2.1
13.5
24.7
-65.7
22.0
20e-9
-4.3
162.3
18.0
5.8
17.5
40e-9
-13.0
28.6
10.8
-143.8
25.0
45e-9
-5.8
13.5
24.7
-65.7
22.0
60e-9
-18.2
-85.2
18.0
43.4
18.0
starts at 0)
For user-defined models, the power angular distribution in each cluster can be a truncated Laplacian (as in the
predefined models), a truncated Gaussian, or uniform in angle (this is used only to compute the antenna
correlation matrices). RiceanFactor, EnvironmentSpeed, and PathLoss parameters specify the Ricean K-factor for
the first tap (dB), velocity of the scatterers creating the Doppler spectrum (km/hour), and bulk path loss (dB) for
the channel, respectively.
9. Output Delay: A delay of 32 tokens is introduced by this model.
References
1. IEEE 802.11-04/940r2, IEEE P802.11 Wireless LAN TGn Channel Models, January 9, 2004.
37
WLAN 11n Design Examples

This section includes the WLAN 11n transmitter and receiver design examples.
WLAN 11n Tx Workspace Examples

WLAN_11N_Tx_wrk provides design examples for the WLAN 11n transmitter test and measurement, which are based on
the EWC HT PHY Specification:
WLAN_11n_CCDF: measures Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function of the transmitted signal
WLAN_11n_TxEVM_2Tx: measures error vector magnitude for two transmit antennas
WLAN_11n_Spectrum: measures the transmit PSD and compare it with specified mask.
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function Measurement

WLAN_11n_CCDF
Features
Configurable WLAN 11n signal source
Two transmit antennas
CCDF measurement
Description
This design is used to measure CCDF for WLAN 11n RF signal source with two transmit antennas. The design schematic is
shown in the following figure.
38
WLAN_11n_CCDF Schematic
The VAR incorporates parameters to configure the WLAN_11n_Source_RF.
Simulation Results
Simulation results displayed in WLAN_11n_CCDF.dds is shown on the following figure.
WLAN 11n CCDF Measurement Results

Benchmark
Hardware Platform: Pentium IV 2.0 GHz, 1.5GB memory
Software Platform: Windows XP, ADS 2005A
39

Simulation Time: approximately 30 seconds
References
1. EWC HT PHY Specification v1.13 November 5th, 2005.
WLAN 11n Transmitter EVM Measurement

WLAN_11n_TxEVM_2Tx
Features
EVM measurement
Consistent measurement results with Keysight 89600 software
Description
This design measures EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) or RCE (Relative Constellation Error) of a WLAN 11n RF signal source
(transmitter). EVM is the difference between the measured waveform and the theoretical modulated waveform and shows
modulation accuracy. In mathematics, EVM here is defined as the ratio of Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error to RMS value of
the theoretical modulated waveform. When Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is high, the EVM value shall be similar with SNR
in absolute value.
The schematic for this design is shown in the following figure.
40
WLAN_11n_TxEVM_2Tx Schematic
WLAN_11n_Source_RF generates the ideal signal waveform which is fed to the Device Under Test (DUT) GainRF. Output
signal of GainRF is the distorted signal to be measured. Model WLAN_11n_EVM_, which uses the same algorithm as that
in Keysight 89600 software, will measure EVM, carrier frequency offset as well as other aspects of the measured signal.
Input and output resistors are put outside the corresponding source and measurement models
because resistor pairs on two ends of a bus are transparent to each other. For obtaining reasonable
measurement results, parameters of model WLAN_11n_EVM_ should be consistent with the
corresponding input signal. For more details on UWB_MBOFDM_EVM, see document of this model.
Simulation Results
Simulation results in the Data Display System are shown in the following figure, which includes the average EVM
measurement result in dB and percentage, EVM results of each successfully analyzed frame. Synchronization correlation
coefficient, carrier frequency offset and some other auxiliary informations are provided in simulation status window.
Measurement Results
Benchmark
Hardware platform: Pentium IV 2.26 GHz, 1024 MB memory
Software platform: Windows 2000 Professional, ADS 2005A
Simulation time: about 20 seconds
41
References
Transmit Spectrum Measurement for WLAN 11n

WLAN_11n_Spectrum
Features
Spectrum analysis
Description
This example demonstrates the WLAN 11n signal power spectrum density with two transmit antennas and compare the
results with specified spectrum mask. It is easy to customize this example to measure the spectrum for up to 4 transmit
antennas.
Schematics
WLAN_11n_Spectrum Schematic
42
Simulation Results
Simulation results are displayed in WLAN_11n_Spectrum.dds. The following figure shows the power spectrum density of
two transmit antennas with the spectrum mask, left for antenna one and right for antenna two. According to the
specification, for 20MHz bandwidth, the signal spectrum shall have a 0 dBr (dB relative to the maximum spectral density
of the signal) bandwidth not exceeding 18 MHz, -20 dBr at 11 MHz frequency offset, -28 dBr at 20 MHz frequency offset
and -45 dBr at 30 MHz frequency offset and above. For 40MHz bandwidth, the signal spectrum shall have a 0 dBr (dB
relative to the maximum spectral density of the signal) bandwidth not exceeding 38 MHz, -20 dBr at 21 MHz frequency
offset, -28 dBr at 40 MHz frequency offset and -45 dBr at 60 MHz frequency offset and above.
WLAN 11n Spectrum Measurement Results

Benchmark
Hardware Platform: Pentium IV 2.0 GHz, 1.5GB memory
Software Platform: Windows XP, ADS 2005A
Simulation Time: approximately 4 seconds
References
WLAN 11n Rx Workspace Examples

WLAN_11N_Rx_wrk provides design examples for the WLAN 11n receiver test and measurement, which are based on the
EWC HT PHY Specification:
WLAN_11n_AWGN_System_2SS: measures WLAN 11n system performance with two spatial streams under AWGN
channel.
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS: WLAN 11n system performance with one spatial stream under fading channel.
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_2SS: WLAN 11n system performance with two spatial streams under fading channel.
43
BER and PER of WLAN 11n under AWGN Channel

WLAN_11n_AWGN_System_2SS
Features
2 transmit antennas
Mixed Mode
20MHz
Normal GI
Description
The performance of a WLAN 11n receiver in AWGN channel is evaluated by this example. The simulation link incorporates
implementation losses due to packet acquisition error, carrier offset recovery error, channel estimation error and etc.
The schematic for this example is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_AWGN_System_2SS Schematic
WLAN_11n_Source_RF generates the ideal signal waveform which is distorted by AWGN channel. Then WLAN_
11n_Receiver_RF performs frame acquisition, frequency offset compensation, channel equalization and demodulates the
information bits out. BER_FER model compares the demodulated bits with the delayed raw information bits and output
the BER/FER results with the predefined relative estimation variance.
Note Input and output resistors are put outside the corresponding source and receiver models
measurement results, parameters of the receiver should be consistent with that of the input signal.
44
Simulation Results
BER/FER results for different Modulation Coding Schemes (MCS) from the Data Display System are shown in the
following figure.
Measurement Results
Benchmark
Simulation time: about 10 minutes for MCS10
References
BER and PER of WLAN 11n under Fading Channel

WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_2SS
Features
1 transmit antenna and 2 antennas
45

Mixed Mode
20MHz
Normal GI
Description
The performance of a WLAN 11n receiver under fading channels are evaluated by these examples. The simulation link
incorporates implementation losses due to packet acquisition error, carrier offset recovery error, channel estimation error
and etc.
The schematics for these examples are shown in the following figures.
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS Schematic
46
WLAN_11n_Fading_System_1SS Schematic
WLAN_11n_Source_RF generates the ideal signal waveform which is distorted by fading channel. Sub-network model
WLAN_PowerControl and WLAN_PowerControl2 are used to adjust output power of the channel model frame by frame.
Because signal power under fading channel fluctuates within several tens of dBs, power control, which is also used in
close loop in the real world, makes the simulation results more sense. WLAN_11n_Receiver_RF performs frame
acquisition, frequency offset compensation, channel equalization and demodulates the information bits out. BER_FER
model compares the demodulated bits with the delayed raw information bits and output the BER/FER results with the
predefined relative estimation variance.
Note Input and output resistors are put outside the corresponding source and receiver models
measurement results, parameters of the receiver should be consistent with that of the input signal.
Simulation Results
BER/FER results for different Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) from the Data Display System are shown in the following
figures.
47
Measurement Results for 1SS
Measurement Results for 2SS

Benchmark
Simulation time: about 10 hours for MCS1
References
48
WLAN 11n Measurements

The WLAN 11n measurement models are provided in this category.
WLAN 11n EVM (WLAN 11n EVM measurement)
WLAN 11n RF CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF)
WLAN 11n EVM (WLAN 11n EVM measurement)

WLAN_11n_EVM_ (WLAN 11n EVM measurement)
Description WLAN 11n EVM measurement star

Library WLAN 11n, Measurements
Class TSDFWLAN_11n_EVM_
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
FCarrier
carrier frequency
5.0e9
Hz
real
(0, )
MirrorSpectrum
Mirror frequency
NO
enum
spectrum? NO,
YES
Start
start time for
DefaultTimeStart
sec
real
data recording.
DefaultTimeStart
will inherit from
the DF Controller.
AverageType
average type: Off,

RMS (Video)
49
RMS (Video)
enum
[0, )
Name
Description
Default
FramesToAverage
number of frames
Unit
Type
Range
20
int
[1, )
Auto Detect
Auto Detect
enum
Gurad,
Gurad
that will be
averaged if
AverageType is
RMS (Video)
GuardIntervalSel
ManuOverride
Guard
GuardInterval
guard interval
0.25
real
[0, 1]
real
(0, )
int
[0, 21848]
21848
int
[0, 21848]
real
(0, )
time of data
symbol,
expressed as a
fraction of the
FFT time length
SearchLength
search length,
1.0e-3
sec
should include
more than 2 full
frames
MeasurementOffset measurement
offset (the first
MeasurementOffset
number of data
symbols shall be
excluded for EVM
)
MeasurementIntervalmeasurement
interval of data
symbols (0~
21848, if 21848
all data symbols
from
MeasurementOffset
to the end shall
be used)
SubcarrierSpacing
312.5e3
Hz
50
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
real
[-100*
spacing between
subcarriers in Hz
SymbolTimingAdjustamount of time (
-3.125
expressed as a
GuardInterval, 0]
percent of the
FFT time length)
to back away
from the end of
the symbol time
when deciding
the part of the
symbol that the
FFT will be
performed on
TrackAmplitude
pilot amplitude
NO
enum
YES
enum
YES
enum
BW20MHz
enum
int
tracking: NO, YES
TrackPhase
pilot phase
tracking: NO, YES
TrackTiming
pilot timing
tracking: NO, YES
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumTx
number of
[1, 2]
transmit chains (
antennas)
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input signal
multiple timed
51
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to perform EVM (Error Vector Magnitude or Relative Constellation Error) measurement for
WLAN 11n signal. The input signal format should be compatible with EWC specification (References #1). Signals
of one transmit channel and two transmit channels are supported.
2. The input signal should be a timed RF (complex envelope) signal or this model will error out. This measurement
provides results in Data Display for
RCE_dB (Relative Constellation Error in dB of all non-zero subcarriers of analyzed data OFDM symbols),
RCE_rms_percent (Relative Constellation Error in root mean square percent of all non-zero subcarriers of
analyzed data OFDM symbols),
DataRCE_dB (RCE_dB of data subcarriers of analyzed data OFDM symbols),
DataRCE_rms_percent (RCE_rms_percent of data subcarriers of analyzed data OFDM symbols),
PilotRCE_dB (RCE_dB of pilot subcarriers of analyzed data OFDM symbols), and
PilotRCE_rms_percent (RCE_rms_percent of pilot subcarriers of analyzed data OFDM symbols).
Additionally, synchronization correlation coefficient, carrier frequency offset as well as some other auxiliary
information are provided in Simulation/Synthesis Messages box.
3. The algorithm used here is the same as the one used in the Keysight 89600 VSA software. Following is a brief
description of the algorithm.
Starting at the time instant specified by the Start parameter, a signal segment of length SearchLengthis acquired.
This signal segment is searched in order for a complete burst to be detected.
The burst search algorithm looks for both a burst on and a burst off transition. In order for the burst
search algorithm to detect a burst, an idle part must exist between consecutive bursts and the bursts
must be at least 15 dB above the noise floor.
If the acquired signal segment does not contain a complete burst, the algorithm will not detect any burst
and the analysis that follows will most likely produce incorrect results. Therefore, SearchLength must be
long enough to acquire at least one complete burst. Because the time instant specified by the Start
parameter can be soon after the beginning of a burst, it is recommended that SearchLength be set to a
value approximately equal to 2 burstLength + 3 idle, where burstLength is the duration of a burst in
seconds and idle is the duration of the idle part in seconds. If the duration of the burst or the idle part is
unknown, then a TimedSink component can be used to record the signal and the signal can be plotted in
the Data Display. By observing the magnitude of the signal's envelope versus time one can determine the
duration of the burst and the idle interval.
After a burst is detected, synchronization is performed. The burst is then demodulated (the FCarrierparameter sets
the frequency of the internal local oscillator signal). The burst is then analyzed to get the EVM measurement
results.
The EVM results is that of each input channel, each of which could contain a mix of data from several
different data streams. To compute the EVM of the input channel, the measured and reference data from
the data streams is mapped back through the measured channel response matrix, to produce measured
and reference vectors for each input channel. EVM is computed from these measured and reference
vectors for the input channel. The measured and reference vectors for the input channel are currently
kept internal to the model, so can't be examined by the user.
52

If AverageType is set to Off, only one burst is detected, demodulated, and analyzed.
If AverageType is set to RMS (Video), after the first burst is analyzed the signal segment corresponding to
it is discarded and new signal samples are collected from the input to fill in the signal buffer of length
SearchLength. When the buffer is full again a new burst search is performed and when a burst is detected
it is demodulated and analyzed. These steps repeat until FramesToAverage bursts are processed or
SearchLength FramesToAverage long signals are analyzed.
If for any reason a burst is misdetected the results from its analysis are discarded. The EVM results
obtained from all the successfully detected, demodulated, and analyzed bursts are averaged to give the
average result.
4. Parameter details.
FCarrier is the internal local oscillator frequency used by demodulator.
MirrorSpectrum is used to mirror the spectrum (invert the Q envelope) of input signal.
Start indicates the time instant from which the input signal is collected for measurement.
AverageType is used to select average type of measurement. If it is set to Off, only one burst is detected,
demodulated, and analyzed. If it is set to RMS (Video), measurement shall be repeated until FramesToAverage
bursts are detected or SearchLength FramesToAverage long signals are analyzed.
FramesToAverage is the number of frames that will be averaged if AverageType is RMS (Video).
GuardIntervalSel is used to select guard interval of data symbols. If it's set Auto Detect Guard, the demodulator
will get guard interval of data symbols automatically. If it's set ManuOverride Guard, the demodulator will regard
guard interval of data symbols as GuardInterval whatever the real one is.
GuardInterval sets the guard interval of data symbols for the demodulator, as a fraction of the FFT time period,
only 0.25 (full guard interval) and 0.125 (half guard interval or ShortGI) is allowed. It is valid only when
GuardIntervalSel is set to ManuOverride Guard.

SearchLength indicates how long a signal is used each measurement. It's recommended that SearchLength be set
a value of a little more than 2 times of the duration of a valid burst plus idle part.
MeasurementOffset indicates the number of data symbols at the beginning of data payload that shall be discarded
in EVM calculation. If the number of data symbols detected in a burst is less than the sum of MeasurementOffset
and MeasurementInterval, the real "MeasurementOffset" shall be reduced till 0.
MeasurementInterval indicates the number of data symbols used for EVM calculation. If it is set to 21848, all data
symbols except the first MeasurementOffset data symbols shall be used. If the number of data symbols detected
in a burst is less than the sum of MeasurementOffset and MeasurementInterval, the real "MeasurementOffset"
shall be reduced till 0. If the number of data symbols detected is less than MeasurementInterval, the real "
MeasurementInterval" shall be reduced and all data symbols shall be used for EVM calculation. See the following
figure for the relationship of SearchLength, MeasurementOffset, and MeasurementInterval.
53

Relationship of SearchLength , MeasurementOffset and MeasurementInterval SubCarrierSpacing specifies the
subcarrier spacing of the OFDM signal. The subcarrier spacing must match the actual subcarrier spacing in the
input signal in order for the demodulation and analysis to be successful.
SymbolTimingAdjust is used for optimal demodulation. Normally, when demodulating an OFDM symbol, the guard
interval is skipped and an FFT is performed on the last portion of the symbol time. However, this means that the
FFT will include the transition region between this symbol and the following symbol. To avoid this, it is generally
beneficial to back away from the end of the symbol time and use part of the guard interval. The
SymbolTimingAdjust parameter controls how far the FFT part of the symbol is adjusted away from the end of the
symbol time. The value is in terms of percent of the used (FFT) part of the symbol time. Note that this parameter
value is negative, because the FFT start time is moved back by this parameter. The following figure explains this
concept. When setting this parameter, be careful to not back away from the end of the symbol time too much
because this may make the FFT include corrupt data from the transition region at the beginning of the symbol
time. Values belongs to [-3.125%, (GuardInterval/2)%] is recommended.
SymbolTimingAdjust Definition TrackAmplitude is used to decide whether amplitude tracking which is derived
from pilots in data symbols shall be used in demodulation process.
TrackPhase is used to decide whether phase tracking which is derived from pilots in data symbols shall be used in
demodulation process.
TrackTiming is used to decide whether timing tracking which is derived from pilots in data symbols shall be used
in demodulation process.
Bandwidth is the bandwidth of the input signal, 20 MHz or 40 MHz.
NumTx is the number of input channels, only 1-channel and 2-channel signals are supported by this model.
References
2.
54

2. IEEE Std 802.11a-1999(R2003), Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)
specifications, High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band, June 12th, 2003.
WLAN 11n RF CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF)

WLAN_11n_RF_CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF)
Description Complementive cumulative distribute function of signal

Library WLAN 11n, Measurements
Class TSDFWLAN_11n_RF_CCDF
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
NO
enum
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation
[0, 31]
Coding Scheme (
[0,31] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
PSDU length in
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]
)
ShortGI
400ns guard
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
55
[1, 2^16-1]
Name
Description
Default
NumHTLTF
number of HT
Unit
Type
Range
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
long training
fields
OversamplingOptionover sampling
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
NumTx
number of
sec
real
[0, 1000usec]
int
[1, 4]
100
int
[1, )
50.0
real
(0, )
transmit chains (
antennas)
OutputPoint
Indicate output
precision
RefR
Reference
resistance
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input signal
multiple timed
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to measure the CCDF (complementary cumulative distribution function) for WLAN 11n RF
signals. The subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_CCDF Schematic
2.
56

2. The input RF signal is down-converted to baseband signals first and then the time and frequency offset have been
compensated. The CCDF of data field and whole packet are measured on each transmit chain and saved to the
dataset. The distribution range from the peak power to the minimum power is divided into measurement bins
based on the parameter OutputPoint.
References
57
WLAN 11n Receiver Components

The components that can be used to construct 11n receivers are provides in this category.
WLAN 11n AntDemapper (WLAN 11n Antenna)
WLAN 11n BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst Demultiplexer)
WLAN 11n ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder)
WLAN 11n ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator)
WLAN 11n DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap)
WLAN 11n Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation demapper)
WLAN 11n OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM demodulation)
WLAN 11n PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker)
WLAN 11n RF Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF Demodulator)
WLAN 11n SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial Commutator)
WLAN 11n Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer)
WLAN 11n AntDemapper (WLAN 11n Antenna)

WLAN_11n_AntDemapper (WLAN 11n Antenna)
Description high througput long training field for mixed mode

Library WLAN 11n, Receiver Components
Class SDFWLAN_11n_AntDemapper
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
58
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
[1, 2^16-1]
int
[1, 4]
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
PSDU length in byte (

[1, 2^16-1] )
NumRx
number of receiver
antennas
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
HQ_D
channel coefficient in data
complex matrix
subcarriers
Data_PT
data part after phase
complex matrix
tracker in data subcarriers
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
DataAftChC
data part after channel
multiple complex
compensation and antenna

demapper in data
subcarriers
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork model is used to demap the received signal chains to spatial streams and remove the effect of
cyclic shift as well as the channel.
2. The input HQ_D is
matrix pin which input the estimated channel impulse response matrix of
the data subcarriers. The input Data_PT is
matrix pin which input the values of the data
subcarriers after phase offset compensation. The output DataAftChC is multi-port pin which should be expanded
to the number of spatial streams (NSS) and used to output the values of the data subcarriers after channel
compensation.
The schematic of this subnetwork is shown in the following figure.
59
WLAN_11n_AntDemapper Schematic Each firing,

In the case of 20 MHz transmission,
52 tokens (
52 NSYM (
matrix) are consumed at pin HQ_D;

matrix) tokens are consumed at pin Data_PT;
52 NSYM tokens are produced at each port of the pin DataAftChC.

In the case of 40 MHz transmission,
108 tokens (
108 NSYM (
matrix) are consumed at pin HQ_D;

matrix) tokens are consumed at pin Data_PT;
108 NSYM tokens are produced at each port of the pin DataAftChC.
where,
where,
mSTBC is 1 (STBC is not used.) HTLength is the PSDU length in byte. NES is the number of FEC encoders
used which is decided by the parameter MCS.
NDBPS is the number of data bits per symbol which is decided by parameters MCS and Bandwidth.
3. The antenna demap and channel compensations in all data subcarriers are expressed as follows:
where,
is the
received signal vector of the k'th
data subcarrier of the n'th data symbol.
is the recovered spatial stream vector of the k'th data

subcarrier of the n'th data symbol.
is the pseudo-inverse of the
estimated channel impulse response matrix of the k'th data subcarriers
The matrix inversion of
is performed by the WLAN_11n_InverseCx_M. If this
matrix is singular, the output is a zeros matrix with the same size.
The recovered spatial stream vectors are unpacked and output at Pin DataAftChC.
60
References
WLAN 11n BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst

Demultiplexer)
WLAN_11n_BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst Demultiplexer)
Description 802.11n burst de-multiplexing

Class SDFWLAN_11n_BurstDemux
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation Coding
[0, 32]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
61
[1, 2^16-1]
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum

[1, 2^16-1] )
ShortGI
400ns guard interval

in data symbols: NO,
YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumRx
number of transmit
chains (antennas)
OversamplingOption
over sampling ratio:

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
syncIndex
index of optimal start point
int
L-STF
input
frequency offset
multiple complex
compensated signal (
without idle interval )
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
LSTF
legacy short training field
multiple complex
without guard interval
LLTF
legacy long training field(
multiple complex
HT-LTF1 in Green Field

Mode) without guard
interval )
LSIG
multiple complex
62
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
L-SIG Mixed Mode or zeros

in Green Field Mode
HTSIG
high throughtput signal
multiple complex
field without guard interval
HTSTF
high throughput short
multiple complex
training field without guard

interval
HTLTF
high throughput long
multiple complex
training field ( of one OFDM

symbol length each )
Data
data symbols without guard
multiple complex
interval
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to de-multiplex the received bursts (frames) for WLAN 11n RF receiver.
2. Its input (and each output) pin is a multi-port pin, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. This pin
should be connected with a pin whose bus width is NumRx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "
BusWidth" set to NumRx.
3. The input signal should be a cluster of pure frames (without idle interval) with same duration and preamble format
.
Input "SyncIndex" is used to determine the start of L-STF in the input frame. If this pin is left unconnected, default
value 0 shall be used. If "SyncIndex" is connected and its value is not 0, value SyncIndex - FrameLength shall be
used as the optimal start of the burst which means signal of the preceding frame shall be used.
4. Each fire, N inSample tokens in each transmit channel shall be consumed at the "input" pin, N outSample tokens shall
be generated at each output pin, where
in
Mixed Mode and full guard interval in data symbols,
in
Mixed Mode and half guard interval in data symbols,
in
Green Field and full guard interval in data symbols,
63
in
Green Field and half guard interval in data symbols,
,
NumDataSym is determined by parameter HTLength and MCS, see section 4 in References #1 for more details.
NField is the output symbol number of each signal field. For Mixed Mode,
,
,
,
,
,
,
;
and for Green Field,
which is in fact the signal field of HT-LTF1 for demodulating HT-SIG,

,
,
.
5. The outputs of each field, including L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HT-SIG, HT-STF, HT-LTF and Data, are all OFDM symbols
without guard interval. The following figure shows the relationship of input and outputs.
Relationship of Input and Outputs
References
64
WLAN 11n ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder)

WLAN_11n_ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder)
Description Channel decoding of PSDU

Class SDFWLAN_11n_ChDecoder
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 2^16-1]
[1, 2^16-1] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
In
encoded bit stream
multiple real
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
un-Coded bits
multiple int
Pin Outputs
65
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to implement the Viterbi decoder.
2. The input and output pins are multiport pins, the buswidth of which is N ES. Each firing, N SYM N CBPS tokens are
consumed and N SYM N DBPS tokens are produced, where N SYM is the number of data symbols per frame, N
DBPS
is number of data bits per OFDM symbol and N CBPS is the number of coded bits per OFDM symbol. The
schematic of this subnetwork is shown in

the following figure.
WLAN_11n_ChDeoder Schematic
3. The input data are padded with zeros first, which is the reverse process of puncture. Then a Viterbi decoder is
applied to achieve maximum likelihood decoding.
References
WLAN 11n ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator

)
WLAN_11n_ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator)
66

Class SDFWLAN_11n_ChEstimator
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumRx
number of receiver
antennas
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Signal_F
output signals from FFT
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
HQ_D
channel coefficient in data
complex matrix
Pin Outputs
subcarriers
HQ_P
channel coefficient in pilot

subcarriers
67
complex matrix
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to estimate the WLAN MIMO channel based on the High Throughput Long Training Fields
(HT-LTFs) and output estimated channel impulse response (CIR) matrixes of the active subcarriers which include
the data subcarriers part and the pilot subcarriers part.
2. The input is multi-port pin which should be expanded to the number of receiver antennas (NumRx). The two
outputs are
matrix pins which are used to output estimated channel impulse response matrix of the data subcarriers part and
the pilot subcarriers part respectively.
WLAN_11n_ChEstimator Schematic Each firing,

In the case of 20 MHz transmission, 56 tokens are consumed at each input port; 52 tokens (
matrix) are produced at the output port HQ_D and 4 tokens (
matrix) are produced at the
output port HQ_P.

In the case of 40 MHz transmission, 114 tokens are consumed at each input port; 108 tokens (
matrix) are produced at the output port HQ_D and 6 tokens (
matrix)
are produced at the output port HQ_P.
3. This subnetwork model uses the HTLTF(s) to estimate the overall channel matrix
applied Spatial Mapping Matrix Q and the effect of cyclic shift
, which includes the
4. The sequence used to construct the HT training sequence is defined as follows:

If Bandwidth=20 MHz,
HTLTF1 -28:28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1,
0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1}
If Bandwidth=40 MHz,
HTLTF1 -58:58 = {1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1,
-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1,
1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
68

The transmitted sequence in the iSMI'th spatial mapper input in the n'th HT training symbol is multiplied by the
polarity PHTLTF(iSMI,n). The
polarity pattern matrix PHTLTF is defined as follows:
For the kth subcarrier, the
matrix of the received signal R(k) is expressed as
follows:
where,
is a
submatrix of P HTLTF with the first N SS raws
and the first NumHTLTF columns of P HTLTF.

For this subcarrier, the estimated CIR
is a
matrix which can be calculated as follows
where,
is the pseudo-inverse of HTLTF.
References
WLAN 11n DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap)

WLAN_11n_DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap)
69
Description Tailling and padding of PSDU bit stream

Class SDFWLAN_11n_DataUnwrap
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 216-1 ]
[1, 216-1 ] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
In
PSDU in bit
int
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
bits after tail and pad bits
int
Pin Outputs
are removed
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to extract PSDU bits stream from the received data field and delete the service field, the tail
and the pad bits.
2. Each firing,
70

2.
NSYM NDBPS tokens are consumed at pin In which are the received data field including service field, tail
and pad bits.
where
NSYM is the number of symbols in the data field which is computed using the formula:
where
mSTBC is 1 (STBC is not used.)

HTLength is the PSDU length in byte.
16 is the number of service field bits which have been scrambled by the scrambler.
NES is the number of FEC encoders used which is decided by the parameter MCS and 6 N ES is the
number of tail bits.
8 HTLength tokens are produced at pin Out which are the extracted PSDU bits stream.
References
WLAN 11n Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation

demapper)
WLAN_11n_Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation demapper)
Description Demapping of BPSK, QPSK 16-QAM or 64-QAM for each spacial stream
Class SDFWLAN_11n_Demapper
71
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
Modulation Coding
int
[0~32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
[1, 2^16-1]
int
[1, 4]
OFF
enum
Scheme ( [0~32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength

[1, 2^16-1] )
NumRx
Number of transmit
antennas
CSI
Channel status
information usage
option: OFF, ON
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
channel
complex matrix
In
input signal
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
bit stream
multiple real
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to implement BPSK,QPSK 16QAM and 64QAM demodulation and output the soft decision
value for the Viterbi decoder.
2.
72

2. The frequency-domain equalized data and the channel estimation matrix are input while the soft demapped bits
are output. The buswidth of the input is the same as the buswidth of output, which is N Tx. Each firing, N SYM*N SD
data tokens and one token of channel estimation matrix are consumed and N SYM*N DPPS tokens of bits are
produced, where N SYM is the number of data symbols per frame, N DPPS is number of data bits per OFDM symbol
and N SD is the number of data subcarriers per OFDM symbol. The schematic of this subnetwork is shown as
follows
WLAN_11n_Demapper schematic
3. The soft value for each bit is determined by the Euclid distance from the constellation to the decision phase. The
soft output is weighted by the channel state information, which is calculated from the received power on each N
SS.
References
WLAN 11n OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM

demodulation)
WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM demodulation)
73

Description OFDM symbol modulation
Class SDFWLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
NumRx
Number of Receiver
int
[0~4]
BW20MHz
enum
x1
enum
antennas
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
OFDM symbol stream
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
output subcarrier stream
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to convert the 11n time domain signals to frequency domain by applying FFT.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins. Both of them has a buswidth of N SS. The subnetworks schematic is
shown in the following figure.
74
WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod Schematic
References
WLAN 11n PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker)

WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker)
Description phase tracker

Class SDFWLAN_11n_PhaseTracker
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation Coding
Scheme ( [0,32] )
75
[0, 32]
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
[1, 2^16-1]
int
[1, 4]
int
[0, 126]
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength

[1, 2^16-1] )
NumRx
number of receiver
antennas
Phase
initial phase of pilots
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
HQ_P
channel coefficient in pilot
complex matrix
subcarriers
Data_R
data part received including
multiple complex
pilot subcarriers
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
DataAftPT
data part after phase
complex matrix
tracker in data subcarriers
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork model is used to track and compensate the phase drift on data subcarriers caused by the
remaining frequency offset.
2. The input HQ_P is
matrix pin which input the estimated channel impulse response matrixes of
the pilot subcarriers. The input Data_R is a multi-port pin which should be expanded to the number of receiver
antennas (NumRx). The received signal of the active subcarriers (including data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers)
are input from this port. The output DataAftPT is
matrix pin. The updated values of the data
subcarriers are output from this port.

76
WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker Schematic Each firing,

in the case of 20 MHz transmission,
4 tokens (
matrix) are consumed at pin HQ_P;
56 N SYM tokens are consumed at each port of the pin Data_R;

52 N SYM tokens (
matrix) are produced at the output port;
in the case of 40 MHz transmission,
6 tokens (
matrix) are consumed at pin HQ_P;
114 N SYM tokens are consumed at each port of the pin Data_R;
108 N SYM tokens (
matrix) are produced at the output port.
where,
where,
m STBC is 1 (STBC is not used.) HTLength is the PSDU length in byte. N ES is the number of FEC encoders
N DBPS is the number of data bits per symbol which is decided by parameters MCS and Bandwidth.
3. The phase offset of each received signals chain are detected and compensated respectively.
The phase offset of i'th received signal chain
where,
77
is calculated as follows:
is the current received value of the k'th pilot subcarrier of the i'th received signal chain.
is the value of the k'th pilot subcarrier of the i'th received signal chain, which is calculated
according the estimated CIR matrix of this subcarrier and the pilot value transmitted.
N SP is the number of Pilot Subcarriers.
In the case of 20 MHz transmission, 4 pilots subcarriers inserted in -21, -7, 7 and 21 and the estimated CIRs
matrixes of these pilot subcarriers are used.
In the case of 40 MHz transmission, 6 pilots subcarriers inserted in -53, -25, -11, 11, 25 and 53 and the estimated
CIRs matrixes of these pilot subcarriers are used.
The estimated phase offset
Set
and
are used to compensate the data subcarriers of this received signal chain.
are the received value and the compensated value of the k'th data subcarrier from the
i'th received signal chain respectively. Then
The updated values of the same subcarrier are packed to a

matrix and all these matrixes of the data subcarriers are output at Pin DataAftPT.
References
WLAN 11n RF Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF

Demodulator)
WLAN_11n_RF_Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF Demodulator)
Description RF demodulator with complex output for 802.11n

Class TSDFWLAN_11n_RF_Demodulator
78
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
RIn
input resistance
DefaultRIn
Ohm
real
(0, )
FCarrier
internal (local)
-1
Hz
real
{-1} or (0, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
real array
(-, )
real
(0, )
reference
frequency( -1 for
ideal FCarrier
lock )
Phase
reference phase
in degrees
VRef
modulator
voltage reference
level
MirrorSpectrum
Mirror spectrum
NO
enum
int
[1, 32)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
about carrier? NO
, YES
NumTx
number of
transmit
antennas
AntGainImbalance gain imbalance in

dB, relative to
average power (
Power/NumTx)
IQGainImbalance
gain imbalance in
dB, Q channel
relative to I
channel
PhaseImbalance
phase imbalance
in degrees, Q
channel relative
to I channel
79
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input baseband signal
multiple timed
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
output RF signal
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to convert timed RF signals into baseband signals for WLAN 11n RF receiver.
Its input (output) pin is a multi-port pin, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. This pin should
be connected with a pin whose bus width is NumTx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "BusWidth" set to
NumTx.
Its input are timed RF signals and outputs are baseband (complex envelope) signals. WLAN_11n_RF_Demodulator
does not downsample or filter the down converted signals.
For each input sample consumed, one output sample is produced.
2. Each port (transmit channel) of the input bus should be connected in series to a resistor with impedance of RIn.
This resistor connects this model with the preceding model.
3. Parameter details:
FCarrier is used to set the internal oscillator frequency used for demodulation. Local carriers of all transmit
channels are from the same oscillator without phase noise. Setting FCarrier to -1 means that this model
shall use the input signal characterization frequency as the internal oscillator frequency.
Phase is the reference phase array of each transmit channel in degree, which will result in constellation
rotation.
The VRef parameter is used to calibrate the demodulator. Output values shall be the same as the values at
the input of WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator when the following conditions are satisfied:
power at the demodulator input is 10 mW = 10 dBm;

VRef is set to the same value for WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator and this model.
The MirrorSpectrum parameter can be used to mirror the spectrum (invert the Q envelope) at the output of
the demodulator of each transmit channel.
NumTx is the number of transmit channels or bus width of input and output signals.
AntGainImbalance is the gain imbalance array of each transmit channel in dB, relative to 0 dB (default gain)
of this channel.
80

IQGainImbalance is the gain imbalance array of each transmit channel in dB, Q channel relative I channel.
PhaseImbalance is the phase imbalance array of each transmit channel in degree, Q channel relative to I
channel.
4. Brief description of implementation algorithms.

Assuming that the input signal of the i'th transmit channel is
, the output signal on the i'th
transmit channel is generated as follows:
Step 1:
;
;
Step 2: phase rotation and phase imbalance
;
Step 3: IQ gain imbalance
;
Step 4: inter-antenna gain imbalance
;
Step 5: gain scaling.
;
Step 6: mirror spectrum
if (MirrorSpectrum = = YES)
.
81
References
WLAN 11n SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial

Commutator)
WLAN_11n _SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial Commutator)
Description 11n spatial commutator

Class SDFWLAN_11n_SpatialCommutator
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 31]
Scheme ( [0,31] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input signal
multiple anytype
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
output signal
multiple anytype
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
82
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to map signal on spatial streams to encoder streams.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins. The buswidth of input pin is N SS, while the output buswidth is N ES.
Each firing, s N ES tokens from each input port will be consumed, s=max(1, N BPSC/2), and s N SS tokens are
produced to each output port. The subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_SpatialCommutator Schematic
References
WLAN 11n Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer)

WLAN_11n_Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer)
Description 802.11n frequency and timing synchronization

Class SDFWLAN_11n_Sync
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
MixedMode,
GreenField
83
Unit
Type
enum
Range
Name
Description
Default
MCS
modulation
Unit
Type
Range
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
Coding Scheme (
[0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
PSDU length in
[1, 2^16-1]
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]

)
ShortGI
400ns guard
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT
long training
fields
NumRx
number of
transmit chains (
antennas)
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
OutType
character of
FreqCompensate
sec
real
[0, 1000usec]
enum
output signal:
FreqCompensate,
NoFreqCompensate
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
baseband signal for
multiple complex
synchronization
84
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
SyncIndex
index of optimal start point
int
of L-STF ( reference of input

signal )
FreqOffset
frequency offset scaled in
real
subcarrier interval
output
frequency offset
multiple complex
compensated signal
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to synchronize the input signal for WLAN 11n baseband receiver, including frame
synchronization and carrier frequency synchronization.
2. Its "input" and "output" are multi-port pins, each sub-port corresponds to a receiver channel/chain. The two pins
should be connected with pins whose bus width are NumRx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "
BusWidth" set to NumRx.
The input signal should be a cluster of baseband frames (with or without idle interval) with the same duration and
preamble format.
"output" outputs the time synchronized frame without idle duration, which is abstracted from the input signal by a
"optimal" window. If FreqCompensate is selected for parameter OutType, carrier frequency compensation shall be
applied to the output signal, otherwise no carrier frequency compensation shall be applied.
"SyncIndex" outputs the index of start point of the "optimal" time synchronization window for the input signal
vector. The index is an offset of input samples index [0, 1, ..., N inSample -1]. N inSample is defined below.
"FreqOffset" outputs the carrier frequency difference between RF demodulator and RF modulator, it's the ratio of
measured carrier frequency difference in Hz to subcarrier interval
which is 312.5 kHz for 11n.
Each fire, N inSample tokens in each receiver channel shall be consumed at the "input" pin, N outSample tokens in
each receiver channel shall be generated at the "output" pin, 1 token shall be generated at pin "SyncIndex" and "
FreqOffset", where
in Mixed Mode and full guard interval in data symbols,
in Mixed Mode and half guard interval in data symbols,
in Green Field and full guard interval in data symbols,
in Green Field and half guard interval in data symbols,

,
85
NumDataSym is determined by parameter HTLength and MCS, see section 4 in Reference #1 below for more
details.
3. Brief description of synchronization algorithm.

In this model, only L-STF is used for synchronization.
Assuming
N L-STS is the sample number of the period of L-STF, i.e. 1/10 of L-STF,
N corrWin=9 N L-STS is the moving window (gate) width for accumulating the correlated samples,
{s[m][n]} denotes the vector of input samples, m = 0, 1, ..., NumTx-1, n = -N L-STS-N corrWin+1, 0, 1, ..., N
inSample-1,
where n<0 refers to samples of the preceding frame.
Correlate input samples of each receiver channel and sum them up, we get the correlation function
,
if
,
if
and obtain the maximum correlation coefficient
.
If correlation coefficient Corr max is less than 0.5, this model shall regard the present frame as an incompatible
one and report synchronization failure information. Once synchronization search fails in a frame, input signal are
processed using synchronization information of the preceding frame. If Corr max is greater than 0.5, then output "
SyncIndex" and "FreqOffset" shall be obtained,
,
,
where the estimated start point of synchronization window is
samples ahead of the index of
correlation peak. This offset is used to prevent the output signal being abstracted from the duration that is
distorted by potential transition between OFDM symbols or inter-OFDM symbol interference resulted from
86

multi-path propagation.
The first sample of "output" shall be the
'th sample of "input", here
negative index refers to samples of the preceding frame. In most cases, the signal of "output" starts from the
preceding frame.
The estimated residual carrier frequency in Hz
shall be "FreqOffset" multiplied by sub-carrier interval
, i.e.
.
Residual carrier frequency of input signal should be within
carrier frequency of
or
, the estimated result shall has a error of
integer.
References
1. EWC HT PHY Specification v1.13, November 5th, 2005.
87
. If the input signal has a residual

, where k is an
WLAN 11n Receivers

The 11n top-level receivers are provided in this category.
WLAN 11n Receiver (WLAN 11n Baseband Receiver)
WLAN 11n Receiver RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver)
WLAN 11n Receiver (WLAN 11n Baseband Receiver)

WLAN_11n_Receiver (WLAN 11n Baseband Receiver)
Description 11n signal receiver

Library WLAN 11n, Receiver
Class SDFWLAN_11n_Receiver
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation
[0, 31]
Coding Scheme (
[0,31] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 2^16-1]
88
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
PSDU length in
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]
)
ShortGI
400ns guard
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT
long training
fields
NumRx
number of
transmit chains (
antennas)
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
ScrambleSeed
initial state of
sec
real
[0, 1000sec]
1111111
int array
[0 1]
YES
enum
scrambler(should
not be all 0)
ScrambleReinit
reset initial state

of the scrambler
each burst (by
ScrambleSeed) or
not: NO, YES
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
BaseBand
802.11n baseband signal
multiple complex
89
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
PSDU
PSDU in bit
int
BitsChCoded
convolutional eccoded bit
multiple int
stream
SigAftMatrix
signal after spatial mapping
multiple complex
and after IFFT
Constellation
constellation after OFDM
multiple complex
symbol mux and before

spatial mapping
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork model is used to detect, demodulate and decode the baseband signal. The baseband receiver
schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_Receiver Schematic
2. Receiver functions are implemented as follows:
Start of frame is detected and frequency offset is estimated. WLAN_11n_Sync performs frame
synchronization and carrier frequency synchronization using the Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF) and
the IdleInterval is removed in this model. The output signal of this model is time synchronized frame
without idle duration, with "optimal" frame window. If OutType=FreqCompensate, the estimated frequency
offset is compensated on the output signal, otherwise, no carrier frequency compensation shall be applied.
This model will introduce one-frame delay in most cases.
90

According to the start of the frame, this frame is de-multiplexed into several parts in WLAN_
11n_BurstDemux. WLAN_11n_BurstDemux outputs all parts of preamble and the data part and the guard
intervals are removed for all parts.
The OFDM demodulations are performed in WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod for the data part and the HT Long
Training Fields (HT-LTFs) which are used for channel estimation. The null subcarriers are removed in this
model.
Complex channel impulse response (CIR) matrixes are estimated for each active subcarrier in WLAN_
11n_ChEstimator. The estimated CIR matrixes of pilot subcarriers are used in WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker.
The estimated CIR matrixes of data subcarriers are used in WLAN_11n_AntDemapper and WLAN_
11n_Demapper.
Phase offset of the active subcarriers are estimated, then all data subcarrier values are de-rotated
according to the estimated phase offset. WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker implements these functions.
The effect of spatial mapping, cyclic shift and the transmit channel is equalized in the model WLAN_
11n_AntDemapper. After equalization, the output signal is for constellation of each spatial stream.
The signal of each spatial stream after WLAN_11n_AntDemapper are then demapped by WLAN_
11n_Demapper. The Soft demapper type is supported and the CSI (channel state information) can be set to
ON or OFF in this model.
After de-interleaving, de-scrambling and the spatial commutator, there are two branches, one is for PSDU
bits stream which including FEC Decoding, Descrambling and DataUnwrap; the other is for the bits before
decoded.
The WLAN_11n_Receiver_RangeCheck model is used to check parameters for WLAN_11n_Receiver. If
illegal parameters are evaluated on WLAN_11n_Receiver, error or warning messages shall be displayed on
the Simulation/Synthesis Message box and simulation may be forcibly terminated at the beginning of
simulation.
3. Parameter Details
OperatingMode is an enumerate parameter specifying the receiver operating mode, MixedMode or
GreenField.
MCS specifies the modulation and coding scheme.Currently MCS0 to MCS31 are supported.
Bandwidth is an enumerate parameter specifying the signal bandwidth. Both 20 MHz transmission and 40
MHz transmission are supported in this library.
HTLength specifies the number of information bytes per packet, so the total information bits per packet is
HTLength 8.
ShortGI is an query parameter specifying short GI is used after the HT training or not. If ShortGI is set to
YES, then the guard interval will be 0.4sec; ShortGI is set to NO, the guard interval will be 0.8sec.
NumHTLTF specifies the number of HT long training field. NumHTLTF must not be less than the number of
spatial streams (N SS) which is decided by the parameter MCS. And if the N SS is 3, NumHTLTF must be 4.
NumRx specifies the number of receiver antennas. The number of receiver antennas must not be less than
N SS and must be equal or larger than NumHTLTF.
OversamplingOption determined the oversampling ratio of the input signal. Total six oversampling ratios (1x
, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x and 32x) are supported.
91

IdleInterval specifies the idle interval time between two consecutive packets. The default value is 100nsec.
ScrambleSeed specifies the initial state of the scrambler.
ScrambleReinit is an enumerate parameter specifying whether the scrambler feedback register will be
re-initialized on each packet or not.
References
WLAN 11n Receiver RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver)

WLAN_11n_Receiver_RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver)
Description 11n signal receiver

Library WLAN 11n, Receiver
Class TSDFWLAN_11n_Receiver_RF
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
RIn
input resistance
DefaultRIn
Ohm
real
(0, )
FCarrier
internal (local)
-1
Hz
real
{-1} or (0, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
real array
(-, )
reference
frequency( -1 for
ideal FCarrier
lock )
Phase
reference phase
in degrees
92
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
dB, relative to
average power (
Power/NumTx)
IQGainImbalance
gain imbalance in
dB, Q channel
relative to I
channel
PhaseImbalance
phase imbalance
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
in degrees, Q
channel relative
to I channel
MirrorSpectrum
Mirror spectrum
NO
enum
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
NO
enum
int
about carrier? NO
, YES
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation
[0, 31]
Coding Scheme (
[0,31] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
PSDU length in
[1, 2^16-1]
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]

)
ShortGI
400ns guard
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT
long training
fields
93
[1, 4]
Name
Description
Default
NumRx
number of
Unit
Type
Range
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
transmit chains (
antennas)
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
ScrambleSeed
initial state of
sec
real
[0, 1000sec]
1111111
int array
[0 1]
YES
enum
scrambler(should
not be all 0)
ScrambleReinit
reset initial state

of the scrambler
each burst (by
ScrambleSeed) or
not: NO, YES
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
RF_Sig
802.11n RF signal
multiple timed
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
PSDU
PSDU in bit
int
BitsChCoded
multiple int
Pin Outputs
stream
SigAftMatrix
multiple complex
and after IFFT
Constellation
multiple complex

spatial mapping
94
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to demodulate and decode the WLAN 11n RF signals.
The schematic for this subnetwork is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_Receiver_RF Schematic The received RF signal from each antenna is demodulated by WLAN_
11n_Demodulator, and then the demodulated signal is sent to the baseband receiver for baseband processing.
2. The schematic of WLAN_11n baseband receiver is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_Receiver Schematic
3. Receiver functions are implemented as follows:
Start of frame is detected and frequency offset is estimated. WLAN_11n_Sync performs frame
synchronization and carrier frequency synchronization using the Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF) and
the IdleInterval is removed in this model. The output signal of this model is time synchronized frame
without idle duration, with "optimal" frame window. If OutType=FreqCompensate, the estimated frequency
offset is compensated on the output signal, otherwise, no carrier frequency compensation shall be applied.
This model will introduce one frame delay.
According to the start of the frame, the frame is de-multiplex into several parts in WLAN_11n_BurstDemux.
WLAN_11n_BurstDemux outputs all parts of preamble and the data part and the guard intervals are
removed for all parts.
The OFDM demodulations are performed in WLAN_11n_OFDMDeMod for the data part and the HT Long
Training Fields (HT-LTFs) which are used for channel estimation. The null subcarriers are removed in this
model.
95

Complex channel impulse response (CIR) matrixes are estimated for each active subcarrier in WLAN_
11n_ChEstimator. The estimated CIR matrixes of the pilot subcarriers are used in WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker.
The estimated CIR matrixes of the data subcarriers are used in WLAN_11n_AntDemapper and WLAN_
11n_Demapper.
Phase offset of the active subcarriers are estimated, then all data subcarrier values are de-rotated
according to the estimated phase offset. WLAN_11n_PhaseTracker implements these functions.
The effect of spatial mapping, cyclic shift and the transmit channel is equalized in the model WLAN_
11n_AntDemapper. After equalization, the output signal is for constellation of each spatial stream.
The signal of each stream after WLAN_11n_AntDemapper are then demapped by WLAN_11n_Demapper.
The Soft demapper type is supported and the CSI (channel state information) can be set to ON or OFF in
this model.
After de-interleaving, de-scrambling and the spatial commutator, there are two branches, one is for PSDU
bits stream which including FEC Decoding, Descrambling and DataUnwrap; the other is for the bits before
decoded.
The WLAN_11n_Receiver_RangeCheck model is used to check parameters for WLAN_11n_Receiver. If
illegal parameters are evaluated on WLAN_11n_Receiver, error or warning messages shall be displayed on
the Simulation/Synthesis Message box and simulation may be forcibly terminated at the beginning of
simulation.
4. Parameter Details
RIn is the impedance value of the resistor which shall be connected to the preceding model for impedance
matching.
FCarrier is used to set the internal oscillator frequency used for demodulation. Local carriers of all transmit
channels are from the same oscillator without phase noise. When FCarrier is set to -1, internal oscillator
frequency synchronization to the input signal is performed.
Phase is the reference phase array of received signal from each antenna in degree, which will result in
constellation rotation.
MirrorSpectrum can be used to mirror the spectrum (invert the Q envelope) at the output of the
demodulator for the received signal from each antenna.
AntGainImbalance is gain imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in dB.
IQGainImbalance is the gain imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in dB.Q channel
relative to I channel.
PhaseImbalance is the phase imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in degree, Q
channel relative to I channel.
OperatingMode is an enumerate parameter specifying the receiver operating mode, MixedMode or

GreenField.
Bandwidth is an enumerate parameter specifying the signal bandwidth. Both 20 MHz transmission and 40
MHz transmission are supported in this library.
HTLength 8.
96

ShortGI is an query parameter specifying short GI is used or not after the HT training. If ShortGI is set to
YES, then the guard interval will be 0.4sec; ShortGI is set to NO, the guard interval will be 0.8sec.
NumHTLTF specifies the number of HT long training field. NumHTLTF must not be less than the number of
spatial streams (N SS) which is decided by the parameter MCS. And if the N SS is 3, NumHTLTF must be 4.
NumRx specifies the number of receiver antennas. The number of receiver antennas must not be less than
N SS and must be equal or larger than NumHTLTF.
OversamplingOption determined the oversampling ratio of the input signal. Total six oversampling ratios (1x
, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x and 32x) are supported.
IdleInterval specifies the idle interval time between two consecutive packets. The default value is 100nsec.
References
97
WLAN 11n Source Components

The components that can be used to construct 11n signals sources are provided in this category.
WLAN 11n BurstMux (WLAN 11n Burst Multiplex)
WLAN 11n BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2)
WLAN 11n ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder)
WLAN 11n DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap)
WLAN 11n HTLTF GF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Green Field)
WLAN 11n HTLTF MM (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for Mixed Mode)
WLAN 11n HTSIG (WLAN 11n High Throughput SIGNAL Field)
WLAN 11n HTSTF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Short Training Field)
WLAN 11n Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver)
WLAN 11n LLTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Long Training Field)
WLAN 11n LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field)
WLAN 11n LSTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Short Training Field)
WLAN 11n Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper)
WLAN 11n MuxOFDMSym (Mux Pilot Subcarriers with the Data Subcarriers To Generate OFDM Symbol)
WLAN 11n OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation)
WLAN 11n PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation)
WLAN 11n Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble)
WLAN 11n PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble Multiplexer)
WLAN 11n RF Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator)
WLAN 11n Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler)
WLAN 11n SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper)
WLAN 11n SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser)
WLAN 11n BurstMux (WLAN 11n Burst Multiplex)

WLAN_11n_BurstMux (WLAN 11n Burst Multiplex)
98
Description Burst multiplexer

Library WLAN 11n, Source Components
Class SDFWLAN_11n_BurstMux
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
OperatingMode
the PHY
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20M
enum
256
int
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
NO
enum
operating mode:
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
Modulation
[0~31]
Coding Scheme (
[0~31] )
Bandwidth
Band width:
BW20M, BW40M
HTLength
octet number of
[1, 65535]
PSDU
ShortGI
ShortGI or not:
NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of
HT_LTF
NumTx
number of
transmit chains
OversamplingOptionOversampling
ratio option: x1,
x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
Window
99
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
100 nsec
sec
real
(0, 800 nsec]
10 usec
sec
real
[0, 1000 usec]
use time domain

window or not:
NO, YES
TransitionTime
the transition
time of window
function
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Prmbl
preamble
multiple complex
Data
SIGNAL and DATA OFDM
multiple complex
symbols
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Output
burst signal
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to multiplex the preamble and the data field into one complete frame. The Idle interval
insertion is implemented and the window is added if the parameter Window is set to YES.
2. This model has 2 multiport input pins (Prmbl and Data) and 1 multiport output pin which should be expanded to
the number of transmit chains (NTx).
Each firing,
NPrmblPoint tokens are consumed at each port of the Prmbl pin.
NDataPoint tokens are consumed at each port of the Data pin.
NIdlePoint+NPrmblPoint+NDataPoint tokens are produced at each port of the output pin.
where
NIdlePoint is the number of samples of the Idler interval.
NPrmblPoint is the number of samples of the preamble part and is defined as follows:
100
NSC is the number of sub-carriers which is 64 for 20 MHz transmission or 128 for 40 MHz.
NP_SYM is the number of symbols of the preamble part.
For Mixed Mode,
For Green Field,
NDataPoint is the number of samples of the data field and is calculated as follows:
If ShortGI=NO, NGI = NSC/ 4, otherwise, NGI = NSC / 8.

N SYM is the number of symbols in the data field which is calculated using the formula:
mSTBC is 1 (STBC is not used.) HTLength is the PSDU length in byte. N ES is the number of FEC encoders
1. If Window=YES, a window function is added to the burst signals. The definition of the window function w TField(t) is
given in 802.11a specification:
TTR is Transition Time, which is usually set to 100nsec. w TField(t) represents the time-windowing function,
depending on the value of the duration parameter T, may extend over more than one period T FFT.
The windowing function wTField(t) is applied to all fields, which are L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HT-SIG, HT-STF, HT-LTFs
and Data symbols for MixedMode and L-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, HT-LTFs and Data symbols for GreenField.
References
WLAN 11n BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2)
101
WLAN_11n_BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2)
Description Copy particles from an input bus to each output bus

Class SDFWLAN_11n_BusFork2
Parameters
Pin
Name
input
Description
Signal Type
multiple anytype
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
outputA
multiple anytype
outputB
multiple anytype
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to explicitly connect a multi-port output pin of a component to 2 multi-port input pins of other
components.
2. The bus width of input pin and output pins should be same in order for the model to work properly.
3. WLAN_11n_BusFork2 is typically used with numeric signals.
4. When forced to connect with timed signals, it assumes infinite equivalent input resistances and zero equivalent
output resistances.
References
102
WLAN 11n ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder)

WLAN_11n_ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder)
Description Channel coding of PSDU

Class SDFWLAN_11n_ChCoder
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 2^16-1]
[1, 2^16-1] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
In
Un-coded bit stream
multiple int
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
Coded bits
multiple int
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
103
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to encode the input date to enable forward error correction.
2. The input and output pins are multiport pins. The buswidth for both input and output pins is N ES. Each firing, NSYM
NDBPS tokens are consumed and N SYM NCBPS tokens are produced, where N SYM is the number of data
symbols per frame, NDBPS is number of data bits per OFDM symbol and NCBPS is the number of coded bits per
OFDM symbol. The schematic of this subnetwork is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_ChCoder Schematic
3. The input data is encoded using the convolutional encoder defined in References #2. The generator polynomials
for A output is
and
for B output according to the following figure.
Convolutional Code of Rate 1/2 (Constraint Length=7)

4. After encoding, the encoded data will be punctured. If the coding rate is 2/3 or 3/4, the puncture pattern will be
the same as the pattern in 802.11a, which is shown in the following figure.
104
WLAN 11n Puncture Pattern for Code Rate 3/4 and 2/3 If the coding rate is 5/6, which is new in 11n, the puncture
scheme is shown as in the following figure.
105
WLAN 11n Puncture Pattern for Code Rate 5/6
References
WLAN 11n DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap)

WLAN_11n_DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap)
106
Description Tailling and padding of PSDU bit stream

Class SDFWLAN_11n_DataWrap
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 2^16-1]
[1, 2^16-1] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
In
PSDU in bit
int
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
bits after tailing and
int
Pin Outputs
padding
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to tail and pad the PSDU bits stream to generate data field of the PPDU. The data field contains
the service field, the PSDU, the tail bits and the pad bits if needed.
2. Each firing,
8 HTLength tokens are consumed at pin In which are the PSDU bits stream.
NSYM NDBPS tokens are produced at pin Out which are the bits after padding and tailing.
where
NSYM is the number of symbols in the data field which is computed using the formula:
107
where
mSTBC is 1 (STBC is not used.)

HTLength is the PSDU length in byte.
16 is the number of "zero" service field bits which will be used for scrambler initialization, scrambled by the
scrambler.
NES is the number of FEC encoders used which is decided by the parameter MCS and 6 NES is the
number of "zero" tail bits.
The number of "zero" pad bits is thus
References
WLAN 11n HTLTF GF (WLAN 11n High Throughput

Long Training Field for Green Field)
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_GF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for
Green Field)
Description high througput long training field for green field

Class SDFWLAN_11n_HTLTF_GF
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
108
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
1/4
real
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumTx
number of transmit
antennas
SpatialMappingScheme spatial mapping

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
SpatialMappingMatrix
User definned spatial
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
Guard interval (cyclic
[0, 1/4]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
HTLTF1
multiple complex
training field signal

HT-LTF1
HTLTF234

HT-LTF234
109
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the high throughput long training field signal for Green Field operation.
Its output pins are multi-port pins, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. These pins should be
connected with pins whose bus width are NumTx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "BusWidth" set to
NumTx.
Its outputs are time domain signals with total mean square value (power) on each pin of 1, covering 1 transmit
chain to 4 transmit chains, 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
2. The schematic of this subnetwork is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_HTLTFGF Schematic
3. The data sequence in frequency domain for 20 MHz is:
The data sequence in frequency domain for 40 MHz is:
Cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, and the time domain representation of the waveform transmitted in the i
TX'th transmit chain during the n'th data HT-LTF (
) is:
and it is
110
for the extension HT-LTFs (
).
Where
n=1 refers to HT-LTF1 and is exported from pin HT-LTF1, n>1 refers to the additional HT-LTFs and is
exported from pin HT-LTF234;
NSTS is the number of data space time streams;
NESS is the number of extension space time streams;
is the number of subcarriers used, which is 56 for 20 MHz and 114 for 40 MHz respectively;
NDLTF is the number of data LTFs;
NELTF is the number of extension LTFs;
NLTF is the number of total LTFs;
equals to 2 if n=1, and equals to 1 if n>1;
The definition of
is given in section 17.3.2.4 of References #1. In this model
is the
rectangular impulse function of 4us (HT-LTF234) or 8us (HT-LTF1);

NSR is the number of subcarriers occupying half of the overall bandwidth, which is 28 for 20 MHz and 58
for 40 MHz respectively;
is used in Green Field and takes values from the following table;
is 1 for 20 MHz and j for 40 MHz;
Qk is the spatial mapping matrix for subcarrier k (in this subnetwork we use the same matrix for all
subcarriers);
PHTLTF is the HT-LTF mapping matrix:
Values for the HT Portion of the Packet
111
Number of space
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
time streams
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
Number of space
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
time streams
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
-600 ns
This model only supports cases of NSTS=NumHTLTF.
SpatialMappingScheme: DirectMapping, SpatialExpansion and UserDefined.
If DirectMapping is selected, only signal on the iSS'th space time stream is mapped onto the iTX'th (iTX = i
STS)
transmit chain.
If SpatialExpansion is selected, signal on different spatial streams are mapped onto each transmit chain by
a predetermined matrix.
If UserDefined is selected, signal on different spatial streams are mapped onto each transmit chain by a
user defined matrix SpatialMappingMatrix.
SpatialMappingMatrix: User defined matrix for spatial expansion, it should be an array of NTX NTX
elements which are abstracted from a NTX NTX matrix line by line (from the first line to the last line, and
from left to right each line).
References
WLAN 11n HTLTF MM (WLAN 11n High Throughput

Long Training Field for Mixed Mode)
WLAN_11n_HTLTF_MM (WLAN 11n High Throughput Long Training Field for
Mixed Mode)

Class SDFWLAN_11n_HTLTF_MM
112
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
1/4
real
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumTx
number of transmit
antennas

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
[0, 1/4]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
multiple complex
113
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the high throughput long training field signal for Mixed Mode operation.
Its output pin is multi-port pin, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. This pin should be
connected with a pin whose bus width is NumTx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "BusWidth" set to
NumTx.
Its output is time domain signal with total mean square value (power) of 1, covering 1 transmit chain to 4 transmit
chains, 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
WLAN_11n_HTLTFMM Schematic
Cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, and the time domain representation of the waveform transmitted in the i
TX'th transmit chain during the n'th data HT-LTF (
) is:
and it is
114
for the extension HT-LTFs (
).
Where
NSTS is the number of data space time streams;

NESS is the number of extension space time streams;
NDLTF is the number of data LTFs;
NELTF is the number of extension LTFs;
NLTF is the number of total LTFs;
equals to 1;
The definition of
is the
rectangular impulse function of 4us;

is used in Green Field and takes values from the following table;
subcarriers);
115
Number of space
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
time streams
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
-600 ns
This model only supports cases of NSTS=NumHTLTF.
SpatialMappingScheme: DirectMapping, SpatialExpansion and UserDefined.
If DirectMapping is selected, only signal on the i SS'th space time stream is mapped onto the iTX'th (iTX = iSTS)
transmit chain.
If SpatialExpansion is selected, signal on different spatial streams are mapped onto each transmit chain by a
predetermined matrix.
If UserDefined is selected, signal on different spatial streams are mapped onto each transmit chain by a user
defined matrix SpatialMappingMatrix.
SpatialMappingMatrix: User defined matrix for spatial expansion, it should be an array of NTX NTX elements
which are abstracted from a NTX NTX matrix line by line (from the first line to the last line, and from left to right
each line).
References
WLAN 11n HTSIG (WLAN 11n High Throughput

SIGNAL Field)
WLAN_11n_HTSIG (WLAN 11n High Throughput SIGNAL Field)
Description high throught signal field

Class SDFWLAN_11n_HTSIG
116
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Reserved7
enum
A-MPDU
enum
int
BCC
enum
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation Coding
[0, 32]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
[1, 2^16-1]
[1, 2^16-1] )
Reserved
reserved bits in HT
SIGNAL field,
defaulted by all "1"s:
Reserved0,
Reserved1,
Reserved2,
Reserved3,
Reserved4,
Reserved5,
Reserved6,
Reserved7
Aggregation
Aggregate-MPDU in
data portion of the
packet: Otherwise,
A-MPDU
STBC
difference between
N_STS and N_SS ( [
0,3], 0-> No STBC )
AdvCoding
block convolutional
coding or advanced
coding: BCC,
Advanced
117
[0, 3]
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
ShortGI
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
1/4
real

YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumTx
number of transmit
chains (antennas)

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
[0, 1/4]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
HT SIGNAL field
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the 8us-long high throughput SIGNAL field signal for both Mixed Mode and
Green Field.
118

NumTx.
Its output is time domain signal with total mean square value (power) of 1 (a little smaller than 1 in Green Field),
covering 1 transmit chain to 4 transmit chains, 20 MHz and 40 MHz.
WLAN_11n_HTSIG Schematic
3. The HT-SIG is composed of two parts HTSIG1 and HTSIG2, each containing 24 SIGNAL bits. The data sequence in
frequency domain used for IFFT is generated by model WLAN_11n_HTSIG_ as follows.
Step 1: filling in 48 information bits for HTSIG1 and HTSIG2 as shown in the following figure.
The High Throughput SIGNAL Bits The transmission of each field is LSB first, their meanings are shown in the
following table: Fields of High Throughput Signal Field
Field Name
Number
Explanation and coding
of Bits
Modulation and Coding Scheme
Index into Modulation and Coding

Schemes
BW 20/40
0 if 20 MHz or 40 MHz upper/lower

; 1 if 40 MHz
119
Field Name
Number
Explanation and coding
of Bits
Length
16
The number of bytes of data in the

PSDU (0-65535)
Reserved ones
Set to ones by transmitter, shall be

ignored by receiver.
Aggregation
Set to 1 to indicate that the PPDU

in the data portion of the packet
contains an A_MPDU. Set to 0
otherwise.
STBC
Indicates the difference between

either the number of space time
streams NSTS and the number of
spatial streams NSS indicated by
the MCS, 00 - No STBC (NSTS=
NSS)
Advanced Coding
1- advanced coding, 0-BCC
Short GI
indicate that the short GI is used

after the HT training
Number of HT-LTF
Number of HT-LTF. -b'00-not a

sounding frame LTF, b'01-2LTF's, b'
10-3LTF's, b'11 4 LTF's.
CRC
CRC of bits 0-23 in HT-SIG1 and

bits 0-9 in HT-SIG2. The first bit to
be transmitted is bit C7.
Tail Bits
Used to terminate the trellis of the

convolution coder. Set to 0.
The CRC bits protects bits 0-33 of the HT-SIG. The value of the CRC field is the ones complement of
,
where the shift register is initialized to all ones,
is the HT-SIG represented as polynomial,
is the CRC generating polynomial, and
120
.
The CRC field is transmitted with c7 first. The following figure shows the operation of the CRC. First the shift
register is reset to all ones. The bits are then passed through the XOR at the input. When the last bit have entered,
the bits are outputted, c7 first, through an inverter.
HT-SIG CRC Calculation Step 2: The HT-SIG parts will be encoded, interleaved, mapped, and have pilots inserted
following the steps described in sections 17.3.5.5, 17.3.5.6, 17.3.5.8 of the IEEE802.11a standard References #2.
The stream of 96, complex numbers generated by these steps will be divided into two groups of 48 complex
numbers: {dk,n}, k=0...47, n=0,1.
4. Timed domain signal on the iTX'th transmit chain is as follows.

In Mixed Mode, cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, for 20 MHz transmission,
for 40 MHz transmission,
121
In Green Field, cyclic shift is applied on space time streams, for 20 MHz transmission,
Where
122

NTX is the number of transmit chains;
NSTS is the number of space time streams;
is the number of subcarriers used (in training OFDM symbols). In Mixed Mode, HT-SIG shall be
equalized before decoding by L-LTF, so
is 52 for 20 MHz and 104 for 40 MHz; In Green Field,
HT-SIG shall be equalized before decoding by HT-LTF1, so
is 56 for 20 MHz and 114 for 40 MHz,
which means the power of HT-SIG field shall be a little lower than the other preamble fields;
The definition of
is the

is used in Mixed Mode and takes value from the following table;
is used in Green Field and takes values from the second table;
subcarriers), used only in Green Field;
M(k), pn, Pk are defined in section 17.3.5.9 of the 802.11a standard References #2.
The value of z is zero in a GF packet and 1 in a mixed mode packets.
P0 is the first pilot value in the sequence defined in section 17.3.5.9 of the 802.11a standard References
#2.
Values for the Legacy Portion of the Packet

Number of Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
Chains
chain 1
chain 2
chain 3
chain 4
0 ns
0 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-100 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-50 ns
-100 ns
-150 ns

Number of space
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
time
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
streams
123
Number of space
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
time
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
-600 ns
streams
References
WLAN 11n HTSTF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Short

Training Field)
WLAN_11n_HTSTF (WLAN 11n High Throughput Short Training Field)
Description high throughput short training field

Class SDFWLAN_11n_HTSTF
Parameters
Name
MCS
Description
Default
Type
Range
int
[0, 32]
124
Name
Description
Default
Type
BW20MHz
enum
int
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
1/4
real
Range
modulation Coding
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumTx
number of transmit
[1, 4]
antennas

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
[0, 1/4]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
HT short training field
multiple complex
signal
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the 4us-long high throughput short training field signal for Mixed Mode
operation.
125

NumTx.
WLAN_11n_HTSTF Schematic
Cyclic shift is applied on space time streams, signal on the iTX'th transmit chain is:
Where

The definition of
is the

126
takes values from the following table;

subcarriers);

Number of space
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
cyclic shift for
time
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
-600 ns
streams
SpatialMappingScheme: DirectMapping, SpatialExpansion and UserDefined. It's used for Green Field.
STS)
transmit chain.
from left to right each line).
References
WLAN 11n Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver)

WLAN_11n_Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver)
127
Description interleaving of bit space-time bit streams

Class SDFWLAN_11n_Interleaver
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
Modulation Coding
int
[0~31]
BW20M
enum
Interleave
enum
Scheme ( [0~31] )
Bandwidth
Band width: BW20M,

BW40M
Direction
Interleaver or
Deinterleaver:
Interleave,
Deinterleave
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
In
spacial bit stream to be
multiple anytype
interleaved or deinterleaved
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
multiple anytype
spacial bit stream
128
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to interleave (Direction=Interleave) the bits at the output of the stream parser in the transmitter
or deinterleave (Direction=Deinterleave) the data at the output of the QAM demapping in the receiver.
2. This model has one multiport pin In and one multiport pin Out which should be expanded to the number of spatial
stream (NSS).
Each firing,
NCBPSS tokens are consumed at each input port and produced at each output port.
where
NCBPSS is the number of coded bits per symbol per spatial stream, which is decided by parameters MCS
and Bandwidth.
3. The bits at the output of the stream parser are divided into block of NCBPSS, each block is interleaved by an
interleaver based on the 802.11a interleaver. This interleaver, which is based on entering the data in rows, and
outputting it in columns, has a different number of columns and rows when a 20 MHz channel is used and when a
40 MHz channel is used. The numbers are described in the following table: Number of Rows and Columns in the
Interleaver
20 MHz
40 MHz
NCOL
13
18
NROW
4NBPSC
6NBPSC
NROT
11
29
4. The interleaving is defined using three permutations.

The first permutation is defined by the rule:
The second permutation is defined by the rule:
where
the value of s is determined by the number of code bits per sub carrier:
If more than one spatial stream exists, a frequency rotation is applied to the output of the second permutation
129

where
is the index of spatial stream on which this interleaver is operating.
5. The de-interleaving uses the following operations to perform the inverse rotation.
We denote by r the index of the bit in the received block (per spatial stream).
The first permutation reverses the third (frequency rotation) permutation of the interleaver
The second permutation reverses the second permutation in the interleaver.
s is defined as above.
The third permutation reversed the first permutation of the interleaver:
References
WLAN 11n LLTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Long Training

Field)
WLAN_11n_LLTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Long Training Field)
Description legacy long training field

Class SDFWLAN_11n_LLTF
130
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz
enum
int
x1
enum
1/2
real
Range
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumTx
number of transmit
[1, 4]
antennas
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
[0, 1/2]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
legacy long training field
multiple complex
signal
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to generate the 8us-long legacy long training field signal for Mixed Mode operation.
NumTx.
Each firing,
tokens are generated for each transmit chain.
131

cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, signal on the iTX'th transmit chain is:
Where

The definition of
is the

takes value from the following table;
TGI2 = 1.6 us.

Number of Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
cyclic shift for Tx
Chains
chain 1
chain 2
chain 3
chain 4
0 ns
0 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-100 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-50 ns
-100 ns
-150 ns
References
WLAN 11n LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field)
132
WLAN_11n_LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field)
Description legacy signal field ( loaded for IFFT )

Class SDFWLAN_11n_LSIG
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
[1, 2^16-1]
int
[1, 4]
NO
enum
int
x1
enum
1/4
real
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength

[1, 2^16-1] )
NumTx
number of transmit
antennas
ShortGI

YES
NumHTLTF
number of transmit
[1, 4]
antennas
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval

prefix) length
133
[0, 1/4]
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
legacy SIGNAL field
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the 4us-long legacy SIGNAL field signal for Mixed Mode operation.
NumTx.
2. The schematic of this subnetwork is shown in the following table.
WLAN_11n_LSIG Schematic
3. The data sequence in frequency domain used for IFFT is generated by model WLAN_11n_LSIG_ as follows.
Step 1: filling in 24 information bits as in the following figure.
The Legacy SIGNAL Field

Where, `Rate' is set 6Mbps in legacy representation, i.e. `1 1 0 1'. The ` Length' field is
and is transmitted LSB first. N data is the number of 4us
symbols in the data part of the frame. While using short GI N data is equal to the actual number of
symbols in the data part of the frame multiplied by 9/10. The symbol
denotes the lowest integer
greater than or equal to x. The reserved bit is set to 0. The parity field will have the even parity of bits 0-16
.
Step 2: the information bits are encoded, interleaved, mapped and have pilots inserted following the steps
described in sections 17.3.5.5, 17.3.5.6, 17.3.5.8 of the IEEE 802.11a standard References #2. The stream of 48
complex numbers generated by these steps is represented by {d k}, k=0...47.
4.
134

4. Cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, the time domain signal on the _i TX'th transmit chain is as follows.
Where
N TX is the number of transmit chains;

The definition of
is the

N SR is the number of subcarriers occupying half of the overall bandwidth, which is 26 for 20 MHz and 58
M(k), P k are defined in section 17.3.5.9 of the 802.11a standard References #2;
P 0 is the first pilot value in the sequence defined in section 17.3.5.9 of the 802.11a standard References
#2;
takes value from the following table;
T GI = 0.8 us.
135
Number of Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Chains
chain 1
chain 2
chain 3
chain 4
0 ns
0 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-100 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-50 ns
-100 ns
-150 ns
References
WLAN 11n LSTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Short Training

Field)
WLAN_11n_LSTF (WLAN 11n Legacy Short Training Field)
Description legacy short training field

Class SDFWLAN_11n_LSTF
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
int
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation Coding
[0, 32]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumTx
number of transmit
[1, 4]
antennas
136
Name
Description
Default
Type
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
1/4
real
Range
scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
GuardInterval
[0, 1/4]
prefix) length
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
multiple complex
signal
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the 8us-long legacy short training field signal, both for Mixed Mode and
Green Field.
NumTx.
In the case of 1 transmit chain and 20 MHz, its output is identical to the 802.11a short training sequence.
137
WLAN_11n_LSTF Schematic
In Mixed Mode, cyclic shift is applied on transmit chains, signal on the iTX'th transmit chain is:
In Green Field, cyclic shift is applied on space time streams, signal on the iTX'th transmit chain is:
Where

The definition of
is the

138

is used in Mixed Mode and takes value from the following table;
is used in Green Field and takes values from the second table;
subcarriers);

Number of Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Cyclic shift for Tx
Chains
chain 1
chain 2
chain 3
chain 4
0 ns
0 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-100 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-50 ns
-100 ns
-150 ns

Number of space
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
Cyclic shift for
time
STS 1
STS 2
STS 3
STS 4
0 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
0 ns
-400 ns
-200 ns
-600 ns
streams
SpatialMappingScheme: DirectMapping, SpatialExpansion and UserDefined. It's used for Green Field.
STS)
transmit chain.
139

from left to right each line). It's valid only for Green Field.
References
WLAN 11n Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper)

WLAN_11n_Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper)
Description Mapping of BPSK, QPSK 16-QAM or 64-QAM for each spacial stream
Class SDFWLAN_11n_Mapper
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
Modulation Coding
int
[0~32]
BW20M
enum
Scheme ( [0~32] )
Bandwidth
Band width: BW20M,

BW40M
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
In
Description
Signal Type
multiple int
140
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
spacial bit stream
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
signal after constellation
multiple complex
mapping
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork model is used to map the sequence of bits in each spatial stream to complex constellation points.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins which should be expanded to the number of spatial stream ( NSS).
Each firing, NBPSC tokens are consumed at each input port and 1 token is produced at each output port, where N
BPSC is number of coded bits per single carrier.
WLAN_11n_Mapper Schematic
3. The mapping scheme is decided by the parameter MCS and the mapping pattern is defined in section 17.3.5.7 of
the 802.11a standard.
When
, BPSK mapping will consume one input bit to produce complex output
data, as illustrated in the following figure.
BPSK Constellation Mapping
141

When
, QPSK mapping will consume 2 bits to produce complex output data, as
illustrated in the following figure. After mapping, the output signal is normalized by normalization factor a,
where
QPSK Constellation Mapping

When
, 16-QAM mapping will consume 4 bits to produce complex output data,
as illustrated in the following figure. After mapping, the output signal is normalized by normalization factor
a, where
16-QAM Constellation Mapping

When
, 64-QAM mapping will consume 6 bits to produce complex output data,
as illustrated in the following figure. After mapping, the output signal is normalized by normalization factor
a, where
142
64-QAM Constellation Mapping
References
WLAN 11n MuxOFDMSym (Mux Pilot Subcarriers with

the Data Subcarriers To Generate OFDM Symbol)
WLAN_11n_MuxOFDMSym (Mux Pilot Subcarriers with the Data Subcarriers
To Generate OFDM Symbol)
143

Description insert pilots to data subcarrier and gernerate OFDM symbol
Class SDFWLAN_11n_MuxOFDMSym
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 32]
BW20MHz
enum
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
data
data stream
multiple complex
pilot
pilot stream
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
data stream with and
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to insert pilot subcarriers into the data subcarriers and generate data ODFM symbol in
frequency domain.
2. Each firing, if the signal bandwidth is 20 MHz, 52 data tokens and 4 pilot tokens are consumed, while 56 output
tokens are produced; if the signal bandwidth is 40 MHz, 108 data tokens and 6 pilot tokens are consumed, while
114 output tokens are produced.
3. The subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
144
WLAN_11n_MuxOFDMSym Schematic
References
WLAN 11n OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation)

WLAN_11n_OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation)
Description OFDM symbol modulation

Class SDFWLAN_11n_OFDMMod
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
NumTx
Number of transmit
int
[0~4]
BW20MHz
enum
antennas
Bandwidth
145
Name
Description
Default
Type
x1
enum
NO
enum
Range
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
ShortGI

YES
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
data stream
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
OFDM symbol
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to convert the frequency domain signals to time domain by applying IFFT.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins. Both of them have a buswidth of NSS. The subnetworks schematic
is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_OFDMMod Schematic
3.
146

3. On each spatial stream, the timed signal after IFFT is cyclic shifted to prevent unwanted beamforming. Guard
intervals are also add to eliminate the multipath interference within the interval.
References
WLAN 11n PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation)

WLAN_11n_PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation)
Description Pilot generator

Class SDFWLAN_11n_PilotGen
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20M
enum
256
int
[1, 65535]
int
[0, 126]
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
Modulation Coding
[0~31]
Scheme ( [0~31] )
Bandwidth
Band width: BW20M,

BW40M
HTLength
octet number of
PSDU
Phase
Pin Outputs
147
initial phase of pilots
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
Pilot for each spatial stream
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to generate the pilot sequence for all data symbols.
2. This model has a multiport pin Out which should be expanded to the number of spatial mapper inputs ( N SMI).
Each firing, N SP N SYM tokens are produced at each output port of the output pin
where
N SP is the number of pilot subcarriers, which is 4 in the case of 20 MHz transmission and 6 in the case of 40 MHz.
m STBC is 1 (STBC is not used.) HTLength is the PSDU length in byte. N ES is the number of FEC encoders used
which is decided by the parameter MCS.
3. In the case of 20 MHz transmission 4 pilot tones are inserted in the same sub-carriers used in 802.11a standard,
i.e. in sub-carriers -21, -7, 7 and 21. The pilot sequence for the
symbols and
spatial mapper input
is defined as follows:
where
z is 3 in a mixed mode packet and 2 in a Green Field Packet. p n is defined in section 17.3.5.9 of the
802.11a standard. The p n is a cyclic extension of the 127 elements sequence and is given by
= {1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1,
1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1,
-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1,
-1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}
is defined as follow:
= {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
148

In the case of 40 MHz 6 pilot tones are inserted in sub-carriers -53, -25, -11, 11, 25, 53. The pilot sequence for the
symbols and
spatial mapper input is defined as follows:
where
z and p n are defined as above.
is defined as follow:
= {0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
where
indicates symbol number modulo 6;
For each spatial mapper input there is a different pilot pattern and the pilot patterns are cyclically rotated over
symbols.
The basic patterns are also different according to the total number of spatial streams for the packet.
The patterns
149
are defined in the following tables. Pilot Values for 20 MHz Transmission
Nss
iss
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Nss
iss
-1
Pilot Values for 40 MHz Transmission

Nss
iss
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
References
WLAN 11n Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble)

WLAN_11n_Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble)
150
Description preambles before data symbols

Class SDFWLAN_11n_Preamble
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
Reserved7
enum
A-MPDU
enum
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation Coding
[0, 32]
Scheme ( [0,32] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength

[1, 2^16-1] )
Reserved
reserved bits in HT
SIGNAL field,
defaulted by all "1"s:
Reserved0,
Reserved1,
Reserved2,
Reserved3,
Reserved4,
Reserved5,
Reserved6,
Reserved7
Aggregation
Aggregate-MPDU in
data portion of the
packet: Otherwise,
A-MPDU
151
[1, 2^16-1]
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
STBC
difference between
int
[0, 3]
BCC
enum
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
N_STS and N_SS ( [

0,3], 0-> No STBC )
AdvCoding
block convolutional
coding or advanced
coding: BCC,
Advanced
ShortGI

YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumTx
number of transmit
chains (antennas)

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
OversamplingOption

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
preamble field
multiple complex
152
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate the preamble symbols for WLAN 11n baseband source, both for Mixed Mode
and Green Field.
NumTx.
2. Schematic of this subnetwork is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_Preamble Schematic
3. The output is time domain signal with total mean square value (power) of 1 (except HT-SIG field in Green Field).
Signal format is shown in the following figure.
Preamble Format Signal fields represented by dashed rectangles are dispensable depending on parameter
NumHTLTF.
4. Models WLAN_11n_LSTF, WLAN_11n_LLTF, WLAN_11n_LSIG, WLAN_11n_HTSIG, WLAN_11n_HTSTF, WLAN_

11n_HTLTFMM and WLAN_11n_HTLTFGF are used to generate all preamble signal fields needed in Mixed Mode
and Green Field. Model WLAN_11n_PreambleMux is used to multiplex each signal field needed according to given
parameters.
5. For more details of each signal field, see descriptions of each model and References #1.
References
1. EWC: HT PHY Specification v1.13, November 5th, 2005.
153
WLAN 11n PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble

Multiplexer)
WLAN_11n_PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble Multiplexer)
Description preambles before data symbols

Class SDFWLAN_11n_PreambleMux
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
BW20MHz
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
x1
enum
MixedMode,
GreenField
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
NumHTLTF
number of HT long
training fields
NumTx
number of transmit
chains (antennas)
OversamplingOption
154
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range

x1, x2, x4, x8, x16,
x32
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
LSTF
multiple complex
LLTF
legacy long training field
multiple complex
LSIG
legacy SIGNAL field
multiple complex
HTSIG
HT SIGNAL field
multiple complex
HTSTF
HT short training field
multiple complex
HTLTF
HT long training field (
multiple complex
Mixed Mode)
HTLTFG1
multiple complex
Green Field HT-LTF1)
HTLTFG234
multiple complex
Green Field HT-LTF2,

HTLTF3 and HTLTF4)
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
802.11n preamble
multiple complex
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to multiplex each signal field of the preamble part for WLAN 11n baseband source.
Its input and output pins are multi-port pins, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. These pins
should be connected with pins whose bus width are NumTx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "
BusWidth" set to NumTx.
155

Its inputs, including L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HT-SIG, HT-STF, HT-LTFMM (HT-LTF for Mixed Mode), HT-LTFG1 (
HT-LTF1 for Green Field) and HT-LTFG234 (remaining HT-LTFs for Green Field), should all be time domain signals
with guard interval inserted according to References #1 below.
In Mixed Mode, HT-LTFG1 and HT-LTFG234 may be left unconnected. If the two pins are connected, tokens shall
be consumed on them. The output signals of Mixed Mode are L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HT-SIG, HT-STF and
HT-LTFMM in order.
In Green Field, L-LTF, L-SIG and HT-LTFMM may be left unconnected. If the three pins are connected, tokens shall
be consumed on them. The output signals of Green Field are L-STF, HT-LTFG1, HT-SIG and HT-LTFG234 (if
present) in order.
2. Each fire, NField tokens in each transmit channel shall be consumed at the input pins. Noutput tokens in each
transmit channel shall be generated at output pin, where
for L-SIG and HT-STF,

for L-STF, L-LTF, HT-SIG and HT-LTFG1,
for HT-LTFMM,
for HT-LTFG234 (if NumHTLTF
equals to 1 pin HT-LTFG234 still consume tokens),
for Mixed Mode, and
for Green Field.
References
WLAN 11n RF Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator)

WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator)
Description RF modulator with complex input for 802.11n

Class TSDFWLAN_11n_RF_Modulator
156
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
ROut
output resistance
DefaultROut
Ohm
real
(0, )
FCarrier
carrier frequency
5000 MHz
Hz
real
(0, )
Power
total output
0.01
real
[0, )
real
(0, )
Hz
real
(0, )
power of
modulator
VRef
modulator
voltage reference
level
SamplingRate
Sampling rate
20 MHz
MirrorSpectrum
Mirror spectrum
NO
enum
int
[1, 32)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
about carrier? NO
, YES
NumTx
number of
transmit
antennas

dB, relative to
average power (
Power/NumTx)
IQGainImbalance
gain imbalance in
dB, Q channel
relative to I
channel
PhaseImbalance
phase imbalance
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
in degrees, Q
channel relative
to I channel
I_OriginOffset
157
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
I amplitude origin
offset in percent
with repect to
output rms
voltage
Q_OriginOffset
Q amplitude
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
origin offset in
percent with
repect to output
rms voltage
IQ_Rotation
IQ rotation, in
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
degrees
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input baseband signal
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
output RF signal
multiple timed
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to convert baseband signals into timed RF signals for WLAN 11n RF source.
Its input (output) pin is a multi-port pin, each sub-port corresponds to a transmit channel/chain. This pin should
be connected with a pin whose bus width is NumTx, for instance, the Bus model with parameter "BusWidth" set to
NumTx.
Its input are baseband (complex envelope) signals. The input signals are assumed to be filtered with multiple
samples per symbol. WLAN_11n_RF_Modulator does not upsample or filter the input signals. The input signals are
used to modulate the in-phase and quadrature- phase carriers of QAM modulators of different transmit channels.
For each input sample consumed, one output sample is produced.
2. Each sub-port (transmit channel) of the output bus should be connected in series to a resistor with the impedance
of ROut for impedance matching. This resistor connects this model with the model followed.
3.
158

FCarrier is used to set the local oscillator frequency or frequency of carriers to be modulated. Carriers of all
transmit channels are from the same oscillator without phase noise.
Power is the total output power of all transmit channels when:

each output port are connected in series with a matched resistor,
the rms (root of the sum of mean square) value of all input signals is VRef,
without any impairments (AntGainImbalance, IQGainImbalance, etc. should be set to zeros).
The VRef parameter is used to calibrate the modulator. VRef is the rms value of all input signals that results in an
instantaneous output power on matched load equal to Power. In order to get average output power on matched
load equal to Power, the input rms voltage should equal to VRef. Therefore, in order to calibrate the modulator,
VRef should be set to the input rms voltage. If the input rms voltage is not known, the TkIQrms component can be
connected to the inputs of this model and it will report the rms value of the input IQ signal of each transmit chain.
The SamplingRate parameter is used to set the simulation time step at the output of the component. The
simulation time step is set to 1 / SamplingRate.
The MirrorSpectrum parameter can be used to mirror the spectrum (invert the Q envelope) at the output of the
modulator of each transmit channel. Depending on the configuration of the mixers in the upconverter, which
typically follows a modulator, the signal at the upconverter's input may need to be mirrored. If such a
configuration is used, then this parameter should be set to YES.
NumTx is the number of transmit channels or bus width of input and output signals.
AntGainImbalance is gain imbalance array of each transmit channel in dB, relative to 0 dB (default gain) of this
channel.
IQGainImbalance is the gain imbalance array of each transmit channel in dB, Q channel relative I channel.
PhaseImbalance is the phase imbalance array of each transmit channel in degree, Q channel relative to I channel.
I_OriginOffset is the I origin offset array of each transmit channel in percent, relative to output rms voltage of this
transmit channel.
Q_OriginOffset array is similar with I_OriginOffset array.

IQ_Rotation is IQ constellation rotation array in degree of each transmit channel.
4. Brief description of implementation algorithms.

Assuming that the input signal of the i'th transmit channel is inRe[i]+j inIm[i], output signal on the i'th transmit
channel is generated as follows:
Step 1:
;
;
Step 2: mirror spectrum
if (MirrorSpectrum = = YES)
;
Step 3: IQ gain imbalance
;
Step 4: phase imbalance
159
;
Step 5: IQ rotation
;
Step 6: inter-antenna gain imbalance
;
Step 7: origin offset
;
Step 8: gain scaling
;
Step 9: modulation
References
WLAN 11n Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler)

160
WLAN_11n_Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler)
Description Scramble the input bits

Class SDFWLAN_11n_Scrambler
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
Modulation Coding
int
[0~31]
BW20M
enum
256
int
NO
enum
Scheme ( [0~31] )
Bandwidth
Band width: BW20M,

BW40M
HTLength
octet number of
[1, 65535]
PSDU
ReInitialize
reset the initial state

the scrambler each
burst by input bits or
not: NO, YES
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
scrambler initial state
int
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
scramble sequence
int
Pin Outputs
161
Notes/Equations
1. This model is used to generate scramble sequence used for scrambling and descrambling.
2. Each firing:
7 bit tokens are consumed at Pin In.
N DBPS N SYM tokens are produced at Pin Out.

where
N SYM is the number of symbols in the data field which is computed using the formula:
where
m STBC is 1 (STBC is not used.) HTLength is the PSDU length in byte. N ES is the number of FEC encoders
3. The length-127 frame-synchronous scrambler (see the following figure)uses the generator polynomial
. When the all ones initial state is used, the 127-bit sequence generated repeatedly by
the scrambler (left-most used first) is:
00001110 11110010 11001001 00000010 00100110 00101110 10110110 00001100

11010100 11100111 10110100 00101010 11111010 01010001 10111000 1111111
Data Scrambler The initial state of the scrambler is set to a pseudo random non-zero state by the input pin. If the
parameter ReInitialize is set to YES, the state of the scrambler is reset each frame by the input bits.
References
WLAN 11n SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper)

WLAN_11n_SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper)
162
WLAN_11n_SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper)
Description spatial mapping for 11n

Class SDFWLAN_11n_SpatialMapper
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
MCS
modulation Coding
int
[0, 31]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
Scheme ( [0,31] )
NumTx
Number of transmit
antennas

scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
(-, )
mapping matrix
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
in
input signal
multiple complex
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
Out
output signal
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
163
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to map the spatial streams to different transmit chains.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins. The buswidth of input pin is N SS, while the buswidth of the output
pin is N ES. The subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_SpatialMapper Schematic
References
WLAN 11n SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser)

WLAN_11n_SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser)
Description 11n spatial parser

Class SDFWLAN_11n_SpatialParser
Parameters
Name
MCS
Description
Default
Type
Range
int
[0, 31]
164
Name
Description
Default
Type
Range
modulation Coding
Scheme ( [0,31] )
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
input
input signal
multiple anytype
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
output
output signal
multiple anytype
Pin Outputs
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to map signal on encoder streams to spatial streams.
2. The input and output pins are multi-port pins. The buswidth of input pin is N SS, while buswidth of the output is N
ES.
The subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_SpatialParser schematic
References
165
WLAN 11n Sources

The 11n top-level signal sources are provided in this category.
WLAN 11n Source (WLAN 11n baseband signal source)
WLAN 11n Source RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source)
WLAN 11n Source (WLAN 11n baseband signal source

)
WLAN_11n_Source (WLAN 11n baseband signal source)
Description 11n signal source

Library WLAN 11n, Source
Class SDFWLAN_11n_Source
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
Range
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation
[0, 31]
Coding Scheme (
[0,31] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
166
Name
Description
Default
HTLength
PSDU length in
Unit
Type
Range
256
int
[1, 2^16-1]
A-MPDU
enum
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
NO
enum
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]

)
Aggregation
Aggregate-MPDU
in data portion of
the packet:
Otherwise,
A-MPDU
ShortGI
400ns guard
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT
long training
fields
NumTx
number of
transmit chains (
antennas)
SpatialMappingScheme
spatial mapping
scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
User definned
(-, )
spatial mapping
matrix
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
Window
use time domain

window or not:
NO, YES
TransitionTime
167
100 nsec
sec
real
(0, 800nsec]
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
sec
real
[0, 1000sec]
[0 1]
the transition
time of window
function
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
ScrambleSeed
initial state of
1111111
int array
YES
enum
scrambler(should
not be all 0)
ScrambleReinit
reset initial state

of the scrambler
each burst (by
ScrambleSeed) or
not: NO, YES
Pin Inputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
PSDU
PSDU in bit
int
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
BaseBand
802.11n baseband signal
multiple complex
SigAftMatrix
multiple complex
Pin Outputs
and before IFFT
Constellation
multiple complex

spatial mapping
BitsChCoded
multiple int
stream
168
Notes/Equations
1. This subnetwork is used to generate WLAN 11n baseband signal.
2. Each firing, HTlength 8 information bits are consumed, while a whole WLAN 11n packet are generated. The
subnetworks schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_Source Schematic
3. The input information bits are padded with zero first to generate the data payload for the whole packet and then
the service data is scrambled. The scrambler is the same as the scrambler in 11a. The encoder parser separates
the scrambled data stream to different encoders. if N SS=1 or 2, there will be one encoder; if N SS=3or 4, there will
be 2 encoders. Then the stream parser distributes encoded data steams to maximum 4 different spatial streams.
On each spatial stream, the data are interleaved and mapped to constellations. The constellation modulation
scheme includes BPSK,QPAK,16QAM and 64QAM. The pilot subcarriers are then inserted among data subcarriers
to generate the OFDM symbol in frequency domain. After the OFDM modulation model, the frequency domain
signal is converted to timed domain with guard interval and cyclic shift added. Then the timed signal on each
spatial stream is mapped to transmit chains. Finally the whole packet is generated by concatenating the data field
with the preamble field.
OperatingMode is an enumerate parameter specifying the transmitter operating mode. If the transmitter is
working on MixedMode, although the 11a device can't decode the HT data, it still can hear the 11a legacy
preambles in the packet. If the transmitter is working on GreenFieldMode, only the 11n HT device can hear
and decode the transmitted signal.
MCS specifies the modulation and coding scheme. Currently MCS0 to MCS31 are supported.
Bandwidth is an enumerate parameter specifying the channel bandwidth, both 20 MHz and 40 MHz
bandwidth are supported in this library.
HTLength 8.
169

ShortGI is an enumerate parameter specifying the length of the guard interval. If ShortGI is Yes, then the
guard interval will be 0.4 sec; if it is No, the guard interval will be 0.8sec
NumHTLTF specifies the number of HT long training field. NumHTLTF must not be less than the N SS. And if
the N SS is 3, NumHTLTF must be 4.
NumTx specifies the number of transmit antennas. Based on References #1 below, the number of transmit
antennas must not be less than N SS and must be equal or larger than NumHTLTF.
SpatialMappingScheme is an enumerate parameter specifying the scheme to map the spatial streams to
the transmit chains. If SpatialMappingScheme is DirectMapping, the mapping matrix will be an identity
matrix and the signal on each spatial streams will be mapped to corresponding transmit chain directly; if
SpatialsMappingScheme is SpatialExpansion, the Walsh-Hadamard matrix or Fourier matrix will be used as
the mapping matrix. or If SpatialMappingScheme is Userdefined, the mapping matrix will be determined by
parameter SpatialMappingMatrix and any unitary matrix with N TX N TX dimension can be applied.
OversamplingOption determined the oversampling ratio of the output signal. total six oversampling ratios (
1x,2x,4x,8x,16x and 32x) are supported.
Window is an enumerate parameter to turn on/off the window function. The window function will create
small overlap between consecutive OFDM symbols to reduce the spectral sidelobes of the transmitted
signal.
IdleInterval specifies the idle interval time between two consecutive packets.
References
WLAN 11n Source RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source)

WLAN_11n_Source_RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source)
170

Description 11n RF signal source
Library WLAN 11n, Source
Class TSDFWLAN_11n_Source_RF
Parameters
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
ROut
output resistance
DefaultROut
Ohm
real
(0, )
FCarrier
carrier frequency
5000 MHz
Hz
real
(0, )
Power
total output
0.01
real
[0, )
power of
modulator
MirrorSpectrum
Mirror spectrum
NO
enum
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
real array
(-, )
about carrier? NO
, YES

dB, relative to
average power (
Power/NumTx)
IQGainImbalance
gain imbalance in
dB, Q channel
relative to I
channel
PhaseImbalance
phase imbalance
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
in degrees, Q
channel relative
to I channel
I_OriginOffset
I amplitude origin
offset in percent
with repect to
output rms
voltage
Q_OriginOffset
171
Name
Description
Default
Unit
Type
Range
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
deg
real array
(-, )
Q amplitude
origin offset in
percent with
repect to output
rms voltage
IQ_Rotation
IQ rotation, in
degrees
OperatingMode
operating mode:
MixedMode
enum
int
BW20MHz
enum
256
int
A-MPDU
enum
NO
enum
int
[1, 4]
int
[1, 4]
MixedMode,
GreenField
MCS
modulation
[0, 31]
Coding Scheme (
[0,31] )
Bandwidth
band width:
BW20MHz,
BW40MHz
HTLength
PSDU length in
[1, 2^16-1]
byte ( [1, 2^16-1]

)
Aggregation
Aggregate-MPDU
in data portion of
the packet:
Otherwise,
A-MPDU
ShortGI
400ns guard
interval in data
symbols: NO, YES
NumHTLTF
number of HT
long training
fields
NumTx
number of
transmit chains (
antennas)
172
Name
Description
SpatialMappingScheme
spatial mapping
Default
Unit
Type
DirectMapping
enum
complex array
x1
enum
NO
enum
Range
scheme:
DirectMapping,
SpatialExpansion,
UserDefined
User definned
(-, )
spatial mapping
matrix
ratio: x1, x2, x4,
x8, x16, x32
Window
use time domain

window or not:
NO, YES
TransitionTime
the transition
100 nsec
sec
real
(0, 800nsec]
sec
real
[0, 1000sec]
[0 1]
time of window
function
IdleInterval
Idle Interval
100 nsec
ScrambleSeed
initial state of
1111111
int array
YES
enum
PN9
enum
scrambler(should
not be all 0)
ScrambleReinit
reset initial state

of the scrambler
each burst (by
ScrambleSeed) or
not: NO, YES
DataPattern
WLAN 11n data

pattern: PN9,
PN15, FIX4, _4_1_
4_0, _8_1_8_0, _
16_1_16_0, _32_1
_32_0, _64_1_64_
0
Pin Outputs
173
Pin Outputs
Pin
Name
Description
Signal Type
RF_Sig
802.11n RF signal
multiple timed
PSDU
PSDU in bit
int
SigAftMatrix
multiple complex
and before IFFT
Constellation
multiple complex

spatial mapping
BitsChCoded
multiple int
stream
Notes/Equations
1. This toplevel subnetwork is used to generate WLAN 11n RF signal.
2. Each firing, a whole WLAN 11n packet RF signals are generated and output together with intermediate results.
The data pattern model produce the original information bits first and then 11n baseband signals are generated.
Finally the baseband signals are upconverted to the carrier frequency by the 11n RF modulator. The subnetworks
schematic is shown in the following figure.
WLAN_11n_SourceRF Schematic
RIn is used to specify the input resistor.
FCarrier is used to specify the carrier frequency. If the FCarrier is set to -1, the input signal characterization
frequency will be used as carrier frequency.
Phase is the reference phase array of each transmit channel in degree, which will result in constellation rotation.
174

MirrorSpectrum can be used to mirror (invert the Q envelope) the spectrum of received signal from each antenna
at the output of the modulator. Depending on the configuration of the mixers in the upconverter, which typically
follows a modulator, the signal at the upconverter's input may need to be mirrored. If such a configuration is used,
then this parameter should be set to YES.
AntGainImbalance is gain imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in dB.
IQGainImbalance is the gain imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in dB.Q channel relative to I
channel.
PhaseImbalance is the phase imbalance array of the received signal from each antenna in degree, Q channel
relative to I channel.
OperatingMode is an enumerate parameter specifying the transmitter operating mode. If the transmitter is working
on MixedMode, although the 11a device can't decode the HT data, it still can hear the 11a legacy preambles in the
packet. If the transmitter is working on GreenFieldMode, only the 11n HT device can hear and decode the
transmitted signal.
Bandwidth is an enumerate parameter specifying the signal bandwidth, both 20 MHz and 40 MHz bandwidth are
support in this library.
HTLength 8.
ShortGI is an enumerate parameter specifying the length of the guard interval. If ShortGI is Yes, then the guard
interval will be 0.4 sec; if it is No, the guard interval will be 0.8sec
NumHTLTF specifies the number of HT long training field. NumHTLTF must not be less than the N SS. And if the N
SS is 3,
NumHTLTF must be 4 References #1 below.
NumTx specifies the number of transmit antennas. Based on References #1 below, the number of transmit
antennas must not be less than N SS and must be equal or larger than NumHTLTF.
SpatialMappingScheme is an enumerate parameter specifying the scheme to map the spatial streams to the
transmit chains. If SpatialMappingScheme is DirectMapping, the mapping matrix will be an identity matrix and the
signal on each spatial streams will be mapped to corresponding transmit chain directly; if SpatialsMappingScheme
is SpatialExpansion, the Walsh-Hadamard matrix or Fourier matrix will be used as the mapping matrix. or If
SpatialMappingScheme is Userdefined, the mapping matrix will be determined by parameter SpatialMappingMatrix

and any unitary matrix with N TX N TX dimension can be applied.
OversamplingOption determined the oversampling ratio of the output signal. Total six oversampling ratios (1x,2x,4x
,8x,16x and 32x)are supported.
Window is an enumerate parameter to turn on/off the window function. The window function will create small
overlap between consecutive OFDM symbols to reduce the spectral sidelobes of the transmitted signal.
IdleInterval specifies the idle interval time between two consecutive packets.
ScrambleReinit is an enumerate parameter specifying whether the scrambler feedback register will be re-initialized
on each packet or not.
175
References
176

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WLAN 11n Design

Component : CUDA Occupancy Calculation Header Library

About WLAN 11n Design Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

WLAN 11n Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

WLAN 11n Design Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

WLAN 11n Transmitter EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Transmit Spectrum Measurement for WLAN 11n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

WLAN 11n Rx Workspace Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

BER and PER of WLAN 11n under Fading Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Measurement Results for 2SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

WLAN 11n Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

WLAN 11n RF CCDF (WLAN 11n RF CCDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

WLAN 11n Receiver Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

WLAN 11n BurstDemux (WLAN 11n Burst Demultiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

WLAN 11n ChDecoder (WLAN 11n FEC decoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

WLAN 11n ChEstimator (WLAN 11n Channel Estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

WLAN 11n DataUnwrap (WLAN 11n Data Unwrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

WLAN 11n Demapper (WLAN 11n constellation demapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

WLAN 11n OFDMDeMod (WLAN 11n OFDM demodulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

WLAN 11n PhaseTracker (WLAN 11n Phase Tracker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

WLAN 11n RF Demodulator (WLAN 11n RF Demodulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

WLAN 11n SpatialCommutator (WLAN 11n Spatial Commutator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

WLAN 11n Sync (WLAN 11n Synchronizer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

WLAN 11n Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

WLAN 11n Receiver RF (WLAN 11n RF Receiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

WLAN 11n Source Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

WLAN 11n BusFork2 (WLAN 11n Bus Fork 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

WLAN 11n ChCoder (WLAN 11n FEC encoder) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

WLAN 11n DataWrap (WLAN 11n Data Wrap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

WLAN 11n Interleaver (WLAN 11n Interleaver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

WLAN 11n LSIG (WLAN 11n Legacy SIGNAL Field) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

WLAN 11n Mapper (WLAN 11n Mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Pin Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

WLAN 11n OFDMMod (WLAN 11n OFDM Modulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

WLAN 11n PilotGen (WLAN 11n Pilot Generation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

WLAN 11n Preamble (WLAN 11n Preamble) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

WLAN 11n PreambleMux (WLAN 11n Preamble Multiplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

WLAN 11n RF Modulator (WLAN 11n RF Modulator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

WLAN 11n Scrambler (WLAN 11n Scrambler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Pin Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

WLAN 11n SpatialMapper (WLAN 11n Spatial mapper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

WLAN 11n SpatialParser (WLAN 11n spatial parser) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

WLAN 11n Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

WLAN 11n Source RF (WLAN 11n RF signal source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170