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    1 Title: D DX 1 2 0 R Ra 2 1 2 0 A D DX 2

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    Anjusha Nair
    This document describes an experiment to measure the magnetic susceptibility of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) solution using Quinck's method. Key steps include: 1) Preparing a MnSO4 solution and measuring its density. 2) Calibrating the magnetic field by measuring field strength at different currents. 3) Placing the MnSO4 solution in a U-tube between the poles of an electromagnet and measuring the rise in liquid level h at different magnetic field strengths H. 4) Plotting h vs. H2 and determining the slope, which gives the magnetic susceptibility χ of the solution as 5.29×10-3.

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    1 Title: D DX 1 2 0 R Ra 2 1 2 0 A D DX 2

    Uploaded by

    Anjusha Nair
    45 views6 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure the magnetic susceptibility of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) solution using Quinck's method. Key steps include: 1) Preparing a MnSO4 solution and measuring its density. 2) Calibrating the magnetic field by measuring field strength at different currents. 3) Placing the MnSO4 solution in a U-tube between the poles of an electromagnet and measuring the rise in liquid level h at different magnetic field strengths H. 4) Plotting h vs. H2 and determining the slope, which gives the magnetic susceptibility χ of the solution as 5.29×10-3.

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    Anjusha_6

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    This document describes an experiment to measure the magnetic susceptibility of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) solution using Quinck's method. Key steps include: 1) Preparing a MnSO4 solution and measuring its density. 2) Calibrating the magnetic field by measuring field strength at different currents. 3) Placing the MnSO4 solution in a U-tube between the poles of an electromagnet and measuring the rise in liquid level h at different magnetic field strengths H. 4) Plotting h vs. H2 and determining the slope, which gives the magnetic susceptibility χ of the solution as 5.29×10-3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views6 pages

    1 Title: D DX 1 2 0 R Ra 2 1 2 0 A D DX 2

    Uploaded by

    Anjusha Nair
    This document describes an experiment to measure the magnetic susceptibility of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) solution using Quinck's method. Key steps include: 1) Preparing a MnSO4 solution and measuring its density. 2) Calibrating the magnetic field by measuring field strength at different currents. 3) Placing the MnSO4 solution in a U-tube between the poles of an electromagnet and measuring the rise in liquid level h at different magnetic field strengths H. 4) Plotting h vs. H2 and determining the slope, which gives the magnetic susceptibility χ of the solution as 5.29×10-3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    1

    TITLE

    Quincks method

    AIM

    Measure the magnetic susceptibility of MnSO4 solution.

    INTRODUCTION

    The Quinckes method is used to determine magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic or paramagnetic substances in the form of a liquid or an aqueous solution.
    When an object is placed in a magnetic field, a magnetic moment is induced
    in it. Magnetic susceptibility is the ratio of the magnetization I (magnetic
    moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetizing field intensity H. The
    magnetic moment can be measured either by force methods, which involve the
    measurement of the force exerted on the sample by an inhomogeneous magnetic
    field or induction methods where the voltage induced in an electrical circuit is
    measured by varying magnetic moment. The Quinckes method like the Gouys
    method belongs to the former class. The force f on the sample is negative of
    the gradient of the change in energy density when the sample is placed
    f=

    d 1
    dx [ 2 0 (r

    d
    ra )H 2 ] = 21 0 ( a ) dx
    H2

    Here 0 is permeability of the free space and r and ra a are respectively relative permeability and susceptibility of the sample and the air which
    the sample displaces. The force acting on an element of area A and length dx
    of the liquid column is fAdx, so the total force F on the liquid is
    F=A

    R
    f

    (x), , =

    A0
    2 (

    a )(H 2 H02 )

    where the integral is taken over the whole liquid. This means that H is equal
    to the field at the liquid surface between the poles of the magnet and H0 is the
    field at the other surface away from the magnet. The liquid (density ) moves
    under the action of this force until it is balanced by the pressure exerted over
    the area A due to a height difference h between the liquid surfaces in the two
    arms of the U-tube. It follows that
    F = Ah( a )g
    $
    = a + 20 g( a ) H 2H
    H 2
    0

    In actual practicea , density of air and


    Then the above expression simplifies to

    are negligible and can be ignored.

    2gh
    0 H 2

    Hence,by plotting H as a function of H 2 the susceptibility can be determined directly from the slope of the graph

    APPARATUS

    Quincks tube with stand, Sample-Manganese sulphate monohydrate, Travelling


    microscope, Electromagnet, Constant current power supply, Digital gaussmeter.

    EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

    One limb of the U-tube is placed between the pole pieces of an electromagnet
    such that the meniscus of the liquid lies symmetrically between N-S. The length
    of the limb should be sufficient enough to keep the lower extreme end of this
    limb well outside the field of the magnet. The rise or fall h on applying the field
    is measured by means of a traveling microscope fitted with a micrometer scale
    of least count of order 103 cm.

    EXPERIMENTAL PROCEUDRE

    6.1

    Magnetc field calibration

    Test and ensure that each unit (Electromagnet and Power Supply) is functioning properly
    Scrupulous cleaning of the tube is essential. Thoroughly clean the Quinckes
    tube, rinse it well with distilled water and dry it (preferably with dry compressed air). Do not use the tube for longer than one laboratory period
    without recleaning it
    Keep the Quinckes tube between the pole pieces of the magnet as shown
    in Fig.1. The length of the horizontal connecting limb should be sufficient
    to keep the wide limb out of the magnetic field.
    Fill the liquid in the tube and set the meniscus centrally within the pole
    pieces as shown. Focus the microscope on the meniscus and take reading
    Apply the magnetic field H and note its value from the calibration, which
    is done earlier as an auxiliary experiment. Note whether the meniscus rises
    up or descends down. It rises up for paramagnetic liquids and solutions
    while descends down for diamagnetics. Readjust the microscope on the
    meniscus and take reading. The difference of these two readings gives h
    2

    for the field H. The magnetic field between the poles of the magnet does
    not drop to zero even when the current is switched off. There is a residual
    magnetic field R which requires a correction.
    Measure the displacement h as a function of applied field H by changing
    the magnet current in small steps. Plot a graph of h as a function of H 2

    6.2

    To find rise in liquid level

    Fix the air gap between the pole pieces of the electromagnet to the minimum distance required to insert Quincks tube without touching the pole
    pieces.
    Measure the air gap. Each time the air gap changes, the graph will change.
    Mount the Hall probe of the Digital Gaussmeter, DGM-102 in the wooden
    stand provided and place it at the centre of the air gap such that the
    surface of the probe is parallel to the pole pieces. The small black crystal
    in the probe is its transducer, so this part should be at the centre of the
    air gap
    Connect the leads of the Electromagnet to the Power Supply, bring the
    current potentiometer of the Power Supply to the minimum. Switch on
    the Power Supply and the Gaussmeter
    Slowly raise the current in the Power Supply and note the magnetic field
    reading in the Gaussmeter
    Plot the graph between the current and the magnetic field. This graph will
    be linear for small values of the current and then the slope will decrease
    as magnetic saturation occurs in the material of the pole pieces.

    7
    7.1

    OBSERVATIONS
    Preparation of solution

    7.1.1
    Mass
    Mass
    Mass
    Mass
    Mass

    of
    of
    of
    of
    of

    beaker = 113.05g
    beaker + water = 162.3882g
    beaker + water + salt = 178.0295g
    water = 49.3382g
    dissolved salt = 15.6413g

    7.1.2
    Determination of density
    = 1.3172g/cm3

    7.2

    Magnetic field calibration


    I(A)
    .02
    .07
    .11
    .21
    .39
    .77
    .91
    .95
    1.04
    1.31
    1.65
    1.95
    2.22
    2.50
    2.89
    3.01
    3.50
    3.78
    4.27

    H(Gauss)
    128
    592
    242
    308
    415
    646
    772
    787
    993
    1664
    1551
    1699
    1859
    2039
    2472
    2269
    2469
    2719
    2869

    7.3

    Rise of solution level as a function of magnetic field

    CALCULATIONS

    From the h vs H 2 graph


    h
    6
    cm2 Gauss2
    H 2 = 2.052 10
    2gh
    = 0 H 2
    = 2 1.3172 980 2.052 106 = 5.29 103
    3
    0
    0
    sol = = 5.2910
    = 4.016 103 salt = 4.0165 103
    1.3172
    00

    salt = salt molecularweightof sample = 4.0165103 169 = .679CGSU nit =


    679 103 CGSunit

    RESULT
    00

    Value of for the sample at laboratory temperature is 679 103 CGSunit

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