Backgroundoftheproblem
Backgroundoftheproblem
Backgroundoftheproblem
1. BackgroundoftheProblem
English is the first foreign language in our country, which is taught from
Elementary level to University level. English is also intensively used in
international communication, in written as well as in spoken communication. In
addition, many books of science, technology, art and other published issues are
written in English.
In English language, there are integrated skills to be mastered such as:
Speaking, listening, reading, and Writing.
2. TheObjectivesoftheresearch
Topic
1. Simple Present Tense
Formula:
Positive (+):
Subject + verb 1 (s/es) + object
Subject + to be (am, is, are) + complement
Negative (-):
Subject + do not / does not + verb 1 + object
Subject + to be + not + complement
Interrogative (?):
Do / does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
To be + subject + complement ?
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Negative:
a lot.
They haven't forgotten my birthday.
Interrogative:
4. PresentPerfectContinuous
Formula:
Positive (+):
Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing
Negative (-)
Subject + has / have + not + been + verb-ing
Interrogative (?)
Has/have + subject + been + verb-ing ?
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
5. SimplePasttense
Formula:
Positive (+):
Subject + to be (was/were) + complement
Subject + verb 2 + object
Negative (-)
Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
Subject + did not + verb 1 + object
Interrogative (?)
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
6. PastContinuous
Formula:
8
Positive (+):
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Negative (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object
Interrogative (?)
was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Formula:
Positive (+):
Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object
Negative (-)
Subject + had + not + verb III + object
Interrogative (?)
Had + subject + verb III + object ?
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Formula:
Positive (+):
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
Negative (-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
Interrogative (?)
Had + subject + been + object ?
Example:
Positive:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Negative:
Interrogative:
13
Negative:
Interrogative:
morning
I will have been working here for ten years next week.
He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been travelling
for 24 hours.
I will have been working for four hours.
You will have been travelling for two days.
Negative:
morning
She will not have been using the car.
We will not have been waiting long.
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Interrogative:
morning?
Will you have been playing football?
Will they have been watching TV?
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Negative:
tomorrow.
You would not work
They would not drive home
She would not learn music
Interrogative:
Negative:
Interrogative:
Positive:
hard.
We would have arrived on time If we walked faster.
You would have worked
They would have driven home
She would have learned music
Negative:
tomorrow.
Mari will not have worked in leading companies next
month.
You would not have worked
They would not have driven home
She would not have learned music
Interrogative:
month?
Will Mari have worked in leading companies next month?
Would You have worked ?
Would They have driven home ?
Would She have learned music ?
called me yesterday.
At this time yesterday, I would have been wating for you for
years.
She would have been working there for 1 year.
Negative:
Interrogative:
that time?
Would She have been working there for 1 year?
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Conclusion
Taken together, all these observations lead to a surprising conclusion:
English does not have a future tense. English tenses are expressed by inflections
on the verb. That means that English has only two tenses: present and past. Will is
an auxiliary and part of a different verbal system, that of mood. Will does have a
tense, but as examples 10a-d show, it is a present-tense verb.
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