Generel Surveying Lab Report 2

Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Visayas State University
Baybay, Leyte
GEng 111, Exercise 2
MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCE
TITLE
Name: Joycelyn H. Uy
2012
Course and Year: BSCE-3
2012
I.
Date
Performed:
June
11,
Date
Submitted:
June
18,
Introduction:
The accurate determination of the distance between two

points on any surface is one of the basic operations of plane
surveying.
Any unknown distance may be approximately calculated by
determining ones pace factor and by multiplying it by the mean
number of paces (Paced Distance=Pace Factor Mean Number
of Paces).
II.
Objectives:
1. To measure distance by pacing and taping over a smooth and
level ground.
III.
Instruments and Accessories:

Crayons or Colored Chalks, Steel Tape, Taping Accessories,
Range Poles
IV.
Procedure:
A. Determining Distance by Pacing
1. Look for a place having a level ground of unknown length and
designate the end points as point A and B.
2. Walk over the course at natural pace with either heel or toe and
count the paces made from point B to A, then A to B, until you
reach five trials. Record the paces made in your engineers field
notebook.
TRIAL
LINE
AB
NUMBER
OF
PACES
158.5
MEAN #
OF
PACES
LENGTH
OF LINE
AB
2
3
4
5
BA
AB
BA
AB
156.5
159.5
160
158.5
158.6
103.52 m
B. Determining Distance by Taping
1. In a group, a head tapeman, a rear tapeman, a rodman and

a recorder were chosen among the members. A line of
unknown length of almost level ground was called as
endpoints A and B.
2. Range poles were placed behind each point. The rear
tapemen with one (1) pin station stayed at the point of
beginning while the head tapemen took the zero end of the
tape and moved forward to the other end of the line to be
measured. When the head tapemen was near to a full tape
length, the rear tapemen signalled okay to stop the head
tapeman. The last mark of the tape was held by the rear
tapemen and aligned it to the other end of the tape held by
the head tapeman on the range pole behind the end point.
3. The rear tapeman signalled okay, with the last mark at
the starting point and when the head tapeman was aligned
on the line of sight. The tape taut was pulled by the head
tapeman and a chaining pin was sticked on the ground to
mark the zero (0) mark end of the tape.
4. The chaining pin was picked-up by the rear tapeman and
the tape was pulled forward by the head tapeman . The
process was repeated for the next full tape length.
5. When the end of the line was almost reached and the last
full tape length had been measured, the remaining partial
length was then measured. The tape was held by the rear
tapeman until its full meter mark was at the chaining pin
while the tape taut was pulled by the head tapeman and
took note of the fractional measurement read from the
tape end.
6. A second measurement was made along the opposite
direction after the measurement of the whole line was
completed. The mean of the two measurements was taken
as the most probable value of the length of the line.
V.
TRIAL
1
LINE
AB
BA
LENGTH
110.57
m
110.4 m
MEAN
110.49
m
Computations:
A. On Determining Distance by Pacing
B. On Determining Distance by Taping
VI.
Results and Discussion:

The easiest and quickest way to measure distance is to walk or
pace the distance and record the number of paces. Pacing consists of
counting the number of steps, or paces, in required distance. A pace is
defined as the length of a step in walking. It may be measured steps; and
if the steps are counted, distances can be determined if the length of a
step is known. Pacing furnishes a rapid means of checking measurements
taken by other methods. It is suitable in determining approximate distance
in situations where a low precision of measurement is sufficient. Distances
by pacing are sufficiently accurate for small-scale mapping, for locating
details and traversing with the plane table, and in reconnaissance
surveys. It is also used for many purposes in geology, forestry,
engineering, and agriculture.
The second field work done last Monday, June 11, 2012, is all about
determining a distance by pacing in which we are asked to layout the steel
tape and as the procedure directs, we measured an unknown distance in
which every member of the group is to walk along the said length. After
five intervals we consequently got the first data needed to determine the
individual's pace factor. We measured one pace from toe-to-toe and the
mean no. of paces produced of my data was 158.6 paces. After getting the
mean no. of paces, we get the length of line AB or simply the pace
distance by multiplying the mean no. of paces by the pace factor produces
of my data on the first laboratory exercise which is 250/383 m/pace. Then
we get the mean of the measurements taken as the most probable value
of the length of the line.
VII.
Conclusion:
Therefore, to measure a distance by pacing, you just have to
multiply the mean no. of paces by your pace factor while in measuring
distance in taping, you simply measure using steel tape or any measuring
device. It can also be concluded that it is still more accurate to use any
measuring device than pacing. Furthermore, pacing is one of the most
essential techniques for measuring distance because it allows a

person to work quickly and accurately without an assistant.
VIII.
Sketch:
IX.
Questions and Application Problems:

1. Compute the relative precision for pacing.
2. A pacer walked six (6) times over a straight and level course XY; he
recorded his steps as 121, 123, 124, 121, 122, and 123. Determine the
length of the line XY if his pace factor is 0.79m/pace.
3. A surveyor recorded 75, 77, 76, 75, and 76 strides over a straight and
level course of unknown length. Determine the distance he paced (in
meters) if his pace factor is 0.79m/pace

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Department of Civil Engineering

The accurate determination of the distance between two

Instruments and Accessories:

B. Determining Distance by Taping

1. In a group, a head tapeman, a rear tapeman, a rodman and

B. On Determining Distance by Taping

Results and Discussion:

essential techniques for measuring distance because it allows a

Questions and Application Problems:

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