Carrier Strike (1992 Game) Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1
Your Game Box Should Contain ..........................................................................................1
STARTUP ................................................................................................................................1
Backup Disks .......................................................................................................................1
README File........................................................................................................................1
Installing the Game..............................................................................................................1
Soundcard Setup .................................................................................................................1
Documentation Check..........................................................................................................1
GAME CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................1

Game Scale..........................................................................................................................1
Terrain and Units .................................................................................................................1
Combat Forces.....................................................................................................................2
Ship Abbreviations...............................................................................................................2
Game Abbreviations.............................................................................................................2
Game Terminology ..............................................................................................................2
Aircraft Terminology Ship Terminology Weapon Terminology
Tutorial ................................................................................................................................3
Summary of Game Menus ...................................................................................................3
TALKING TO THE COMPUTER ..............................................................................................3

Using the Keyboard .............................................................................................................3
Hotkeys
Using the Mouse..................................................................................................................3
SETTING UP THE GAME ........................................................................................................4

Randomized Battles .............................................................................................................6
British Reinforcements
The Campaign Game............................................................................................................7
Battle Plan ...........................................................................................................................8
Options Menu ......................................................................................................................8
TURN SEQUENCE ...................................................................................................................9

START OF TURN PHASE .......................................................................................................9
Wind Direction.....................................................................................................................9
Cloud Cover .........................................................................................................................9
Radar Reports .....................................................................................................................9
Continues...
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ORDERS PHASE ...................................................................................................................10
Airfield Damage .................................................................................................................42

Damage from Naval Bombardment Damage from Air Bombardment
Surface Combat .................................................................................................................43
Surface Combat Resolution
Naval Bombardment ..........................................................................................................44
Unloading Transports ........................................................................................................44
Submarine Combat............................................................................................................44
General Rules ....................................................................................................................11

Task Force Movement Night Turns Night TF Movement Night Aircraft Movement
Night Surface Combat Night Submarine Contact Night Aircraft Repairs
Wind Direction Fuel Consumption
Orders................................................................................................................................13
Text Window Icons ............................................................................................................14
Map Icons..........................................................................................................................15
Utility Menu Options ..........................................................................................................16
Unit Menu Options.............................................................................................................18
Hotkeys..............................................................................................................................22
Flight Operations ...............................................................................................................22
Aircraft Readiness States Accessing the Flight Operations Display Flight Operations Display
Description of the Flight Operations Display Carrier Name Display Mission Display
Flight/Fuel/Elevator Clocks Display Air Group Display Target/Set Direction Display
Flight Deck Display Mission and Flight Deck/Hangar Buttons Hangar and Ordnance Display
Search Operations .............................................................................................................26
Search Vectors Setting Search Direction Assignment of Search Vector Launching Float Planes
Armed Search Planes Spotting Enemy/Dummy TFs Search Plane Combat
Breaking Radio Silence
Combat Air Patrol ..............................................................................................................29
Launching CAP Missions CAP Effectiveness Sending Long-Range CAP
CAP and Deck Damage Landing CAP Landing L-R CAP
Air Strikes..........................................................................................................................31
Launching Air Strikes Selecting Air Strike Targets Strikes with Unassigned Targets
Arming the Strike Strike Movement Locating the Target Attacking Alternate Targets
Attacking Airfields Air Group Splitting Off from Strike Return to Base/Carrier
Aircraft Ditching Recalling a Strike
AIRFIELDS ............................................................................................................................34
LANDING AIRCRAFT ............................................................................................................35
Limited Deck Space Procedure..........................................................................................35
Clear Deck Procedure ........................................................................................................35
Emergency Landings .........................................................................................................36
Special Emergency Landings
Landing Combat Air Patrol (CAP) ......................................................................................36
COMBAT ...............................................................................................................................37
Air Group Disruption..........................................................................................................37
CAP Coordination Loss Disruption CAP vs. Escort Combat Disruption
CAP vs. Bomber Combat Disruption Flak Combat Disruption
Air-to-Air Combat ..............................................................................................................38
Air-to-Sea Combat .............................................................................................................38
Flak Combat Ship Target Selection Ship Evasion Ratings Aircraft Accuracy Ratings
Weapon Accuracy Rating Combined Arms Effect Hitting the Target
DAMAGE ...............................................................................................................................40
Ship Damage .....................................................................................................................40
Armor Penetration Primary Damage Starting Fires Special Carrier Damage
Air Combat Mission Change Secondary Damage Crippled Ships Scuttling Crippled Ships
GENERAL WITHDRAWAL.....................................................................................................45
END OF BATTLE ...................................................................................................................45
Home Port Phase...............................................................................................................45
REPAIR PHASE ....................................................................................................................47

Ship Repairs ......................................................................................................................47
Aircraft Repairs..................................................................................................................47
Airfield Repairs ..................................................................................................................47
SCORING ...............................................................................................................................47
CAMPAIGN PROGRESS .......................................................................................................48
TUTORIAL .............................................................................................................................48
DESIGNERS NOTES .............................................................................................................53
The Campaign....................................................................................................................53
Search Operations .............................................................................................................53
Air Strikes..........................................................................................................................54
General Withdrawal ...........................................................................................................54
STRATEGY AND TACTICS ...................................................................................................54

Strategy Notes for the Campaign Game.............................................................................54
Allied Player Strategy Japanese Player Strategy
Tactical Notes ....................................................................................................................55
Searching for Enemy TF Hiding from the Enemy Aircraft Management
Use of Non-Carrier Task Forces
MAPS ....................................................................................................................................58
STORY: The Fast Carriers: Weapons Systems Survey, 1917-1975, by Martin Campion .......61
CHARTS & TABLES..............................................................................................................77
Game Abbreviations...........................................................................................................77
Flak Modifiers ....................................................................................................................77
Target Selection Values (Air to Sea) ..................................................................................77
Ship Evasion Ratings.........................................................................................................77
Aircraft Accuracy Ratings ..................................................................................................77
Weapon Accuracy Rating...................................................................................................78
Japanese Aircraft Ordnance...............................................................................................78
Allied Aircraft Ordnance.....................................................................................................78
Fuel Consumption..............................................................................................................78
Allied Aircraft .....................................................................................................................79
Japanese Aircraft ...............................................................................................................87
Weapon Data .....................................................................................................................93
Ship Class Data (Allied Ships, Japanese Ships, Generic Ships).........................................94
Ship Availability ...............................................................................................................113
Menus and Command Summary .....................................................................................122
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLING THE GAME
CARRIER STRIKE simulates naval-air battles in

the South Pacific during WWII. CARRIER STRIKE
can be used to recreate historical battles or
random-historical battles (battles that could
have happened at a particular time). The
Campaign Game allows you to complete one
battle and jump immediately into a new battle. Ships sunk or badly damaged in one battle will be unavailable for the next battle. The
Campaign Game allows one battle per month
from May 1942 to June 1944.
Use the instructions on your Data Card to

install and play CARRIER STRIKE.
In CARRIER STRIKE you issue movement orders

to friendly Task Forces (TFs) and direct the
Flight Operations on your carriers. Flight
operations consist of selecting ordnance for
bombers; moving aircraft from the hangar to
the flight deck; launching aircraft on CAP,
search and strike missions; and selecting or
changing strike targets.
YOUR GAME BOX SHOULD CONTAIN

Disk
Rule Book
Data Card
STARTUP
BACKUP DISKS
SOUNDCARD SETUP
Check your Data Card for any information
relating to the selection of your computers
soundcard system.
DOCUMENTATION CHECK
To verify that you have a legitimate copy of
the game you will be asked to answer a question using information from this rule book.
Note: Do not count section headings as part
of paragraphs. See your Data Card for any
further instructions.
GAME CONCEPTS
GAME SCALE
Each hex on the map is 17 miles across.
Each daylight turn is 20 minutes. Each night
turn is 1 hour (see the Night section on
page 11).
TERRAIN AND UNITS

CARRIER STRIKE map areas contain the following types of terrain:
Your game disk has no physical copy protection, so please make a backup copy and put
the original away for safekeeping. Use the
information that came with your computer to
make the backup copy.
Open sea (light blue or light blue with a

red dot)
README FILE
Coastal (gray, green, and light blue)
Your game disk may come with a README

file that contains rules updates and/or errata.
Please read this file before playing the game.
Land (gray and green)
Restricted waters (light blue with a dark

blue dot or light blue with a dark blue and
red dot)
Terrain will affect naval movement as follows:

Task Forces may never enter a land hex.
Task Forces may never move through a
land hex side.
In addition to the above movement restrictions, Task Forces (TFs) in restricted waters
or coastal hexes will be easier to sight and
more vulnerable to submarine attacks.
The map shows the various TFs involved in
the battle by single ship icons (one TF) or
double ship icons (more than one TF). Air
strikes are shown by plane icons. Air units on
CAP and Search missions are not shown on
the map. Both sides always operate in a hidden mode unless spotted by enemy forces.
SHIP ABBREVIATIONS
ID
DESCRIPTION
ID
DESCRIPTION
CV
BB
CA
CS
DD
AO
APD
Fleet Carrier
Battleship
Heavy Cruiser
Seaplane Cruiser
Destroyer
Oiler
Destroyer Transport
CVL
BC
CL
CLAA
DE
AP
Light Carrier
Battlecruiser
Light Cruiser
Light AA Cruiser
Destroyer Escort
Transport
GAME ABBREVIATIONS
COMBAT FORCES
A list of the game abbreviations is on

page 77.
A typical battle in CARRIER STRIKE will contain

some or all of the following:
GAME TERMINOLOGY
1. Carrier TFs
2. Surface Combat TFs
3. Bombardment TFs
4. Transport TFs
5. Replenishment TFs
6. Land Based Air Groups
You will be assigned a mission to bombard
or unload transports at a land base or to prevent your opponent from doing the same.
You must use your carrier forces to assist
friendly forces and prevent enemy forces
from completing their missions. In CARRIER
STRIKE you have limited control over
the air missions from airfields. (See the
section on Airfields on page 34.)
The following three sections will help explain

some of the game terms used in the manual
for aircraft, ships, and weapons.
AIRCRAFT TERMINOLOGY
Dogfight is the aircrafts ability to hit
enemy aircraft and to avoid being hit.
Cannon is the aircrafts ability to destroy
enemy aircraft.
Load is the aircrafts bomb load capacity.
Endurance is normal time in air (number
of 20 minute turns).
Durability is how much damage an aircraft can take before being destroyed.
SHIP TERMINOLOGY
Speed is how fast the ship can possibly
travel.
Durability is how much damage the ship
can take before being destroyed.
Armor is the ships defensive rating
against enemy bombs, shells, and torpedoes.
Capacity is the amount of either aircraft

or cargo that a ship can carry.
WEAPON TERMINOLOGY
Warhead is the amount of damage and
penetration the weapon can inflict.
Flak is the flak effectiveness rating against
enemy aircraft.
Range is the weapons surface combat
range for ship-to-ship fire.
Accuracy is the weapons rating to determine hits on the enemy.
TUTORIAL
In order to give you an idea of how to play
CARRIER STRIKE, a tutorial has been included in
the manual (see Page 48).
SUMMARY OF GAME MENUS

A few of the important game menus that are
included in the main body of the manual
have been duplicated and grouped together
for you at the end of the manual. These are
especially useful when playing with the
keyboard.
TALKING TO THE
COMPUTER
USING THE KEYBOARD
Note for IBM users: Make sure your [Num
Lock] and [Caps Lock] are off before playing.
SETTING UP THE GAME

When you start a game, the Setup Menu allows
you to load saved games or set up new ones.
You can return to this menu while playing by
selecting ESC on the General Orders Menu
and SETUP on the Options Menu.
Use the following keys to move the cursor

around the map in large increments:
Setup Menu
SCENARIO
PLAYER
BALANCE
SAVED GAME
JAPANESE
COMPUTER
MAX HELP
JAPANESE
CORAL SEA
ALLIED
COMPUTER
HELP
JAPANESE
MIDWAY
BOTH HUMAN
EVEN
EASTERN
SOLOMONS
BOTH
COMPUTER
HELP ALLIED
K
M
Use the following keys on the numeric keypad to move the cursor:
7
4
1
8
2
9
6
3
Note: Using the 2 or 8 keys will move

the cursor generally either south or north,
respectively, due to the hex grid.
HOTKEYS
Other options can be accessed with hotkey
commands. These commands are listed on
the back of this rule book and can be displayed
during the game by pressing the ? key.
USING THE MOUSE

Use the mouse to move the pointer over the
menu items and buttons. To move around the
map, click the pointer at the edges of the map.
To select hexes or units, click the pointer over
the desired hex. Use the left mouse button to
activate the Unit Menu over a particular unit
(Task Force, Air Strike, or Airfield). If you click
the right mouse button, you will be given information about friendly units in the hex. To escape
out of most menus, click the right mouse button.
All keyboard commands also work if you are
using a mouse.
SANTA CRUZ
MAX HELP
ALLIED
TOROKINA
MARIANAS
ACCEPT SETUP
Using the mouse, place the mouse pointer

over the box you wish to select and click the
left mouse button. After making your selections, place the mouse pointer over the
ACCEPT SETUP box and click the left mouse
button. Using keyboard, you can use the 4
and 6 keys (or the left and right arrow keys)
to move from SCENARIO to PLAYER to BALANCE. Use the 8 and 2 keys (or the up
and down arrow keys) to alter your selection.
Press <Enter> to accept your selections.
SCENARIO selection allows you to load a

saved game or start one of the scenarios:
Saved Game loads a previously saved
game. When you select this option, you will
be asked to choose from a list of five different
saved games (a-e). From the keyboard type
in one of the letters (a-e) or with a mouse,
place the pointer over one of the boxes (a-e)
and click the left mouse button. It would be
helpful to you to keep a list of your saved
games while you play or look at the game
directory before playing the game. Note:
When you load a saved game, remember to
reset the Player and Balance options.
Coral Sea (7-9 May 1942)
The Japanese attempt to capture Port
Moresby by sea. The carriers Shokaku,
Zuikaku, and Shoho were used to cover inadequate surface and amphibious forces. The
Allies countered with carriers Lexington and
Yorktown in historys first carrier vs. carrier
battle.
Japanese Objectives:
Unload transports at Port Moresby, bombard
Port Moresby, and destroy Allied fleet.
Allied Objectives:
Protect Port Moresby and destroy Japanese
fleet.
Midway (4-6 June 1942)

The Midway operation was the Combined
Fleets first attempt to lure the Americans into
a decisive battle. The Japanese plan squandered their numerical advantage by spreading their ships all over the Northern and
Western Pacific. The carrier strike force with
carriers Akagi, Kaga, Hiryu, and Soryu was
sent ahead of the fleet to neutralize the airfield on Midway. Thanks to their codebreakers the Americans knew they were coming.
American carriers Yorktown, Enterprise, and
Hornet surprised the Japanese near Midway
on June 4th.
Unload transports at Midway, bombard
Midway, and destroy Allied fleet.
Allied Objectives:
Protect Midway and destroy Japanese fleet.
Eastern Solomons (24-25 August 1942)
This was the Combined Fleets first general
fleet action to support amphibious landings
on Guadalcanal. Carriers Shokaku, Zuikaku,
and Ryujo, along with a powerful surface
force of 3 battleships, 12 heavy cruisers, 3
light cruisers, and 25 destroyers were
deployed to cover a pitifully weak amphibious force with just 1,500 SNLF troops (the
U.S. 1st marine Division had over 10,000
combatants on the island). The Americans
had the carriers Saratoga and Enterprise in
the immediate area and the carrier Wasp
refueling 250 miles farther south.
Unload transports at Tassafaronga, bomb
Henderson Field, and destroy Allied fleet.
Allied Objectives:
Protect Henderson Field and destroy
Japanese fleet.
Santa Cruz (25-26 October 1942)

Admiral Bull Halsey took command of
South Pacific Forces in mid-October. To
prove his aggressive spirit he planned an
immediate carrier strike against the Japanese
Fleet patrolling north of Guadalcanal.
American carriers Enterprise and Hornet
engaged the Japanese carriers Shokaku,
Zuikaku, Junyo, and Zuiho in Japans last
chance for a decisive carrier battle.
Bomb Henderson Field and destroy Allied fleet.
Allied Objectives:
Protect Henderson Field and destroy
Japanese fleet.
Torokina (1-3 November 1943) (Hypothetical)
When U.S. Marines hit the beach at Torokina,
it was the first step in Operation Cartwheel,
the plan to encircle and beseige Rabaul. The
Japanese were determined to crush the
Marines before an airfield could be cleared in
the dense Bougainville jungle. After a year of
refitting and training new pilots, the carriers
Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo, and Zuiho were
called on to halt the Allied advance.
American carriers Saratoga, Essex, Bunker
Hill, Princeton, and Independence gave the
Allies a clear numerical and qualitative
advantage over their foes.
Destroy Allied fleet.
Allied Objectives:
Unload transports at Torokina, bomb Rabaul,
and destroy Japanese fleet.
Marianas (19-20 June 1944)

The carrier battles of 1942 had decimated the
ranks of Japanese Navy pilots. From December
1942 to May 1944 they commissioned four
new carriers (Taiho, Ryuho, Chitose, and
Chiyoda) and trained hundreds of new
pilots. When the Americans invaded Saipan
in June 1944 the Japanese were as ready as
they could possibly be, yet the Americans
were far more prepared than their Japanese
counterparts. Fourteen USN carriers had been
added since the battle of Santa Cruz. The
American pilots had received much on-thejob training during carrier raids on Kwajalien,
Eniwetok, Rabaul, and Truk. The two fleets
collided west of Guam on 19 June 1944.
With 9 Japanese and 15 American carriers it
was by far the largest carrier battle in history.
HELP gives the player being helped the

following advantages:
Destroy Allied fleet.
RANDOMIZED BATTLES
Allied Objectives:
Unload transports at Saipan, bombard
Tinian, destroy Japanese fleet.
PLAYER CONTROL selections choose
whether sides are human or computer controlled. These options may be changed during play by selecting the CHANGE
PLAYER/BALANCE option. With these
options you may play through games commanding the side with the most interesting
strategic situation, or replay saved games to
see if you could do better than your opponent
in an identical situation.
Reinforcements arrive sooner.

Ships have improved damage control.
Opponents submarines are less effective.
Easier for air strikes to locate targets.
More accurate search reports.
Increased flak disruption.
For Japanese the Allied flak disruption
is reduced.
MAX HELP gives the player being helped
the same advantages listed above at the
HELP level, but the effect is doubled.
ACCEPT SETUP allows you to exit the
Setup Menu with the options highlighted in
yellow.
You may select one of the above listed scenarios and then randomize it. The orders of
battle, objectives, and starting locations of
the forces will be altered to create a combat
situation where the enemy forces and intentions are unknown. Randomized battles are
recommended for those who wish to recreate
a realistic fog of war.
The computers selection for ships for random battles may be those that actually participated in the historical scenario or those that
were available at that time and could have
participated. Listed below are the carriers
available for each scenario:
BALANCE selections allow you to play with

both sides on equal footing or to favor one
side over the other.
Coral Sea (May 1942)

JAPANESE: Akagi, Kaga, Hiryu, Soryu,
Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo, Zuiho, Shoho, Ryujo
EVEN means the game will operate with normal rules for both sides.
ALLIED: Lexington, Yorktown, Enterprise,

Hornet
Midway (June 1942)

JAPANESE: Akagi, Kaga, Hiryu, Soryu,
Junyo, Zuiho, Ryujo, Hosho
ALLIED: Yorktown, Enterprise, Hornet
Hosho appears only in historical Midway scenario.
Eastern Solomons (August 1942)

JAPANESE: Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo, Zuiho,
Ryujo
ALLIED: Saratoga, Enterprise, Hornet, Wasp
Santa Cruz (October 1942)
JAPANESE: Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo, Hiyo,
Zuiho
ALLIED: Enterprise, Hornet
Torokina (November 1943)
JAPANESE: Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo, Hiyo,
Zuiho, Chitose, Chiyoda, Ryuho
ALLIED: Saratoga, Enterprise, Essex,
Yorktown*, Lexington*, Bunker Hill,
Independence, Princeton, Belleau Wood,
Cowpens, Victorious
Marianas (June 1944)
JAPANESE: Taiho, Shokaku, Zuikaku, Junyo,
Hiyo, Zuiho, Chitose, Chiyoda, Ryuho.
ALLIED: Saratoga, Enterprise, Lexington*,
Yorktown*, Hornet*, Wasp*, Bunker Hill,
Essex, Independence, Princeton, Belleau
Wood, Cowpens, Cabot, Monterey, San
Jacinto, Langley, Bataan
* These carriers were sunk in 1942; Essex Class
carriers were renamed in their honor.
BRITISH REINFORCEMENTS
During 1943 and 1944 there is a chance that
British carriers may be deployed in the South
Pacific. As a general rule the British carriers
will be deployed to fill the gaps created by
heavy American carrier losses.
THE CAMPAIGN GAME
BATTLE PLAN
In a Campaign Game you may fight a series

of battles, one per month, to cover the South
Pacific campaign of May 1942 to June 1944.
The starting point for a Campaign Game may
be the same as for any of the first five scenarios listed above. To start a campaign, select a
scenario to reflect the desired starting point.
You have the option of randomizing the first
battle of the campaign or fighting the actual
historical battle.
After you exit the Randomized Battle Menu,

you should see the Top Secret Battle Plan
screen. Click the right button (press the
space bar). Next is displayed the date and
your mission orders for the battle. Click the
right button (press the space bar) to continue.
After completing a battle, all sunk ships are

deleted from the available list, damaged
ships will become unavailable for the period
of their repairs, reinforcements will be added
to the available list, and a new random battle
will be generated for the next month. Note
that due to heavy damage and losses of a
players fleet, it is possible that one or more
months may be skipped in a campaign before
the fleet is ready to engage in another battle.
Pilot experience may go down when additional pilots replace pilot losses.
During June 1942, battles will be fought on the
Midway map. During June 1944, battles will be
fought on the Marianas map. All other battles
will be fought using the South Pacific map.
The Campaign Game covers two years of
combat in the South Pacific area of operations. During this time many new bases will
be constructed and old ones abandoned.
Most of the battles will involve one or both of
the players attempting to bombard or unload
transports at one of these base locations.
Victories on either side will affect the
progress of base construction which will
never be faster than it was historically (see
Campaign Progress on Page 48).
SETUP returns you to the Setup Menu

described on page 4.
ACCEPT puts your choice into action.
Sound/Delay Menu
SOUND
DELAY
ON
OFF
NONE
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
OPTIONS MENU
Japanese/Allied Player
ORDERS
END TURN
SAVE
SETUP
ACCEPT
ORDERS takes you to the Orders Phase
where you issue all orders regarding Task
Force movement and Flight Operations. You
may also examine friendly airfields, sighted
enemy TFs, and evaluate the overall strategic
situation.
END TURN will end the Orders Phase of
each players turn and start the Execution
Phase. During the Execution Phase the computer will move TFs, search aircraft, and strike
aircraft in the directions determined by the
players. All combat for each 20 minute turn
will be displayed and resolved at this time.
SAVE allows you to store the current game
to disk. You will be asked to choose one of
five letters (a-e) to save your game under.
With the keyboard press (a-e) or with a mouse
place the pointer over one of the boxes (a-e)
and click the left mouse button. It might be
helpful to you at this time to keep track of
your saved games.
ACCEPT
Using the mouse, place the mouse pointer
over the box you wish to select and click the
left mouse button. After making your selections, place the mouse pointer over the
ACCEPT box and click the left mouse button.
Using keyboard, you can use the 4 and 6
keys (or the left and right arrow keys) to
move from SOUND to DELAY. Use the 8
and 2 keys (or the up and down arrow keys)
to alter your selection. Press <Enter> to
accept your selections.
SOUND ON/OFF allows you to turn the
sounds of battle on or off. Turning the sound
off will help speed up game play.
DELAY NONE/LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH
determines how long each message will be
displayed on the screen. Play with this to find
the level that works for you.
ACCEPT sets your selections and exits the
menu.
You can also change the sound/delay levels
during the Orders Phase by selecting UTIL
then DELAY using the mouse or by pressing
the F10 key. You can change the levels during the Execution Phase by pressing [Space].
10
TURN SEQUENCE
START OF TURN PHASE
Each game turn consists of the following

sequence of phases:
WIND DIRECTION
Start of Turn Phase:

Wind Direction
Cloud Cover
Japanese Player Turn:
Radar Reports
Orders Phase
Land Aircraft
Resolve Surface Combat
Resolve Naval Bombardment
Unload Transports at Objective
Allied Player Turn:
Radar Reports
Orders Phase
Land Aircraft
Resolve Surface Combat
Resolve Naval Bombardment
Unload Transports at Objective
Execution Phase:
Move/Resolve Air Strikes
Move/Resolve Search Missions
Move Task Forces
Resolve Submarine Attacks
General Withdrawal
End of Battle
Repair Phase
Every turn there is a 1% chance that the wind

will change direction.
CLOUD COVER
At the start of a scenario or battle, white
clouds will be randomly placed on the map.
Each turn the clouds may move a hex or disappear from the map. New clouds may also
appear on the map. If clouds are in a hex with
an enemy TF or land base, then there is a
67% chance that any search or strike aircraft
will not locate the enemy TF or land base.
RADAR REPORTS
ORDERS PHASE
Radar reports may occur any time an enemy

air strike moves within 70 miles of a friendly
TF. The report will tell how many enemy aircraft are in detection range and enemy strike
icons will be placed on the map. Radar
reports do not indicate whether strike aircraft
are inward or outward bound. Allied ships
are equipped with radar at the start of the
game. Japanese ships do not have radar until
August 1942.
At the beginning of the Orders Phase, you

will see a map displayed on the screen.
Below the map are 13 mouse buttons and
below that is the text window for messages
and other information. Above is a sample
screen of the Midway scenario.
The map shows two Allied TFs near the top
of the screen and one Japanese TF close to
the middle of the screen. To the right of the
Japanese TF are two Allied strike air groups
which were launched from Midway towards
the spotted Japanese TF. At the bottom of the
map is Midway shown by the American flag
icon. A storm system with numerous clouds
appears on the bottom left side of the map.
The left side of the text window contains
some general information. MODE:TF means
that you are operating in TF Mode which
allows you to access the two Allied TFs and
obtain information concerning them. There
are also two other Mode options: MODE:CAP
and MODE:STRIKE. The next information

DATE: 6/4/42 0700 is the date of the scenario
June 4, 1942 and the time is 7:00 AM. The
next line shows LOC: 48 27 which means
that the map cursor is at X coordinate 48 and
Y coordinate 27.
The right side of the text window shows TF51
Air Combat which means that the cursor is
over TF51 which is an Air Combat TF. Below
are two carrier pictures labeled A and B.
The left carrier is the Enterprise and the right
carrier is the Hornet. You can access the
Flight Operations Display by pressing the letters A or B or place the mouse pointer
over one of the pictures and click the left
mouse button. The compass is located on the
far right side of the text window and shows
TF51 is heading SW, which is shown by the
white line. The wind is blowing from the NE
as shown by the darker shaded area on the
compass.
11
GENERAL RULES
TASK FORCE MOVEMENT
TFs will automatically move at maximum
speed in the direction they are pointed. A
TFs speed is always equal to the speed of
the slowest ship in the TF or 30 whichever is
lower. Each turn a TF will gain Movement
Points equal to its TF Speed. When a TF has
accumulated 50 or more Movement Points, it
then spends 50 points and advances one hex
in the direction it is heading. A TF may have
6 possible directions:
12
A carrier TF that performs Flight Operations

during the turn may not alter its direction for
the remainder of the turn.
A TF will lose one movement point for each
enemy aircraft that attacks it.
150-SE
A TF that has a -> symbol next to its mission on the display has enough movement
points to move one hex during the Execution
Phase. A TF that has an * next to its mission on the display is under computer control. These TFs have either completed their
mission, have crippled ships, or have
received a General Withdrawal Order from the
Supreme Commander. The TFs will usually
proceed towards their home base.
210-SW
NIGHT TURNS
270-W
Night TF Movement
Starting with the 2000 turn the game will
continue to have 20 minute turns, however
you will not be able to change any orders
until the next hour unless you hit the space
bar during the turn. Starting at 0400, you will
be able to continue changing orders every 20
minutes.
030-NE
090-E
330-NW
You may alter a TFs direction by 60 degrees
by pressing:
< -60
> +60
To change TF direction using the mouse, move
the pointer over the desired portion of the
direction compass (located on the lower right
side of the screen) and click the left button.
A TF will lose 33% of its accumulated movement points for each 60 degree course change
it makes.
Night Aircraft Movement

Night lasts from 1900 to 0540. During night
turns Flight Operations will be restricted.
Only float-planes and patrol aircraft may fly
during the night without suffering operational
losses. During night turns, search planes will
not sight enemy TFs, bombers will not locate
or attack enemy units, and fighters will not
engage in air-to-air combat. Search planes,
CAP, and air strikes may be launched before

daylight (0600 hours) but they will not
search or engage in combat until the 0600
turn. Fighters and bombers that remain in the
air at 1900 will lose 20% of their aircraft
every hour (on the hour). These are aircraft
that become lost and are forced to ditch. An
exception to this rule is that CAP aircraft will
not lose 20% of their number on the 1900
turn. Airborne CAP will take 20% losses on
the 2000, 2100, 2200, and 2300 turns. See
Aircraft Ditching on page 34.
Night Surface Combat

Surface combat consists of one or more
rounds in which each ship has a chance to
fire. When surface combat begins, a starting
range will be determined. During daylight
turns the starting range will be equal to 20 +
Random (15). During night turns the starting
range will be 5 + Random (15). After each
round of combat, the range will be adjusted
and another round will be fought if the TFs
are still in range. During daylight the maximum range is 35 (thousand yards). During
the night the maximum range is 20.
Night Submarine Contact
TFs will be harder to locate by submarines
during the night turns.
Night Aircraft Repairs
Damaged aircraft may be repaired during the
2200, 2220, 2240, 2300, 2320, and 2340
game turns. Each air group may repair 1 aircraft per turn; a maximum of 6 aircraft may
be repaired during the night.
WIND DIRECTION
The wind direction is shown on the TF direction compass as a shaded blue area. This is
the direction the wind is blowing from. The
TFs movement direction must be aligned
with the wind direction if carriers in the TF are
to perform Flight Operations (launch or land
aircraft). If the TFs direction is not aligned
with the wind and Flight Operations are
attempted, then the TF will automatically turn
into the wind. When this occurs the TFs
accumulated movement points will be set to
zero. Whenever a TF performs Flight
Operations, the TF will be unable to change
its direction for the remainder of the turn even
if the TF was aligned with the wind direction
before Flight Operations were attempted.
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Ships will consume their fuel at a rate that
varies with their TFs speed:
TF SPEED
FUEL USE
27+
18-26
9-17
0-8
1 every 4 hours
1 every 6 hours
1 every 12 hours
none
If a ship runs out of fuel, the TF speed will be

reduced to 5 knots.
13
ORDERS
At the start of your orders phase, the map will
be displayed. Just below the map are 13
mouse function buttons. These functions
may be performed by moving the pointer
over the desired button and clicking the left
mouse button. Listed below is a brief
description of the mouse function buttons
and their keyboard equivalents:
GENERAL ORDERS MENU
BUTTON
DESCRIPTION
MODE
Set Display Mode

none
(TF, CAP, STRIKE Units)
Move Large Increments
J,K,I,M
CNTR
Center Cursor
F2
ZOOM
Change Map Scale
F1
UTIL
Utility Menu
none
PREV
Previous Unit*
none
NEXT
Next Unit*
STAK
Next Unit in Hex*
If you are in CAP Mode, you will see a display on the right side of the message area
with F3-CAP with six aircraft symbols below
it. If you place the mouse pointer over the
box and click the left mouse button (or press
the F3 key), a display will come up showing
the planes which are on CAP over your TF.
If you are in Strike Mode, the display will
have STRIKE with six aircraft symbols below
it. If you click the right mouse button while
over a hex containing a strike, you will see a
list of the planes on strike missions; clicking
the right mouse button again will give you a
visual display of the strike. Clicking the right
button again will return you to the map. If
you click the left mouse button while over a
hex containing a strike, the Unit Menu will
appear.
Space Bar
P
Quit, Return to Last Menu Q,Esc
MODE button (no keyboard equivalent)

allows you to cycle through three different
unit modes: Task Force Mode, CAP Mode,
and Strike Mode. The current mode you are
in is displayed on the left side of the message text area below the map.
(J,K,I,M Keys) allows you to move
the cursor on the map either 10 hexes to the

left/right or 8 hexes up/down to move quickly
around the map.
* the type of Unit is set with the Display MODE

button.
SNOOP View Enemy TF

ESC
While in TF Mode, you will see displayed

pictures of carriers on the right side of the
message area only if the TF is an Air Combat
TF. Clicking the left mouse button (or pressing the A, B, C, D keys) over the carrier picture will access the Flight Operations
Display.
KEYBOARD
14
CNTR (F2) allows you to center the map on

the present cursor location.
ZOOM (F1) allows you switch the map scale

giving you either a tactical or strategic view
of the map.
UTIL (no keyboard equivalent) allows you to
access the Utility Menu.
PREV (no keyboard equivalent) moves the
cursor to the previous unit accessed.
Depending upon what mode you are in (TF,
CAP, or Strike), the cursor will move to the
last TF, last CAP Air Group, or Strike Air
Group accessed.
NEXT (N) moves the cursor to the next unit.
Depending upon what mode you are in (TF,
CAP, or Strike), the cursor will move to the
next TF, next CAP Air Group, or next Strike
Air Group.
STAK (space bar) displays the next unit in
the same hex only if there is more than one
unit in the hex. If there is one TF in a hex,
there will be a single ship icon displayed. If
there is more than one TF in a hex, there will
be a two-ship icon displayed.
SNOOP (P key) allows you to view the ships
spotted in an enemy TF. First place the map
cursor over the enemy TF and then select the
SNOOP option.
ESC (Q or ESC Key) allows you to go to the
Options Menu.
TEXT WINDOW ICONS

In the text window below the buttons, the following icons may be displayed:
ICON
DESCRIPTION
KEYBOARD
Carrier Pictures
Compass
CAP
Strike
Flight Ops Display

Set TF Direction
Examine TF CAP
Examine Strike
A,B,C,D
<, >
F3
E
Carrier Pictures is displayed while you are

in TF Mode and the map cursor is over an Air
Combat TF. There are a maximum of four
carriers per Task Force. Each carrier will have
a separate picture displayed on the right side
of the text window. The carriers will also have
a letter (A, B, C, or D) in the picture as well.
Placing the mouse pointer over the carrier
picture and clicking the left mouse button (or
pressing A, B, C, D) will then allow you access
to the carriers Flight Operations Display
where you may fuel, arm, and launch aircraft.
The Compass is located on the far right side
of the text window. A TF symbol is displayed
in the middle of the compass. There are six
quadrants shown in light blue that represent
the six direction headings (NE, E, SE, SW, W,
NW). The TFs heading (the direction it is
moving) is shown by a white line on the
compass. The wind direction is shown by the
dark blue shading in one of the six quadrants. You can change a TFs heading by
moving the mouse pointer over the desired
quadrant and clicking the left mouse button
(or press the <, > keys).
15
The CAP picture is displayed if you are in

CAP Mode. You will see a display on the
right side of the message area with F3-CAP
with six aircraft symbols below it. If you
place the mouse cursor over the box and
click the left button (or press the F3 key), a
display will come up showing the planes
which are on CAP over your TF.
The Strike picture is displayed if you are in
Strike Mode. The display will have STRIKE
with six aircraft symbols below it. Place the
mouse cursor over the picture and click the
right mouse button to see the planes on
strike missions.
MAP ICONS
The following icons may be displayed on the
map:
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Ship (TF)*
Strike*
Examine TF
Examine Strike
KEYBOARD
G
E
* Click the right mouse button to perform this

function.
The Ship (TF) icon is represented on the

map by a small picture of a ship. Move the
map cursor to the location of the TF and click
the right mouse button or press the G key.
16
A window will be displayed showing the following information about the TF:
to bring up a display showing the details of

the air group as listed below:
TF #
TFs mission
Destination
Home Base
List of all ships in the TF with each ships
id (A-Z), ship type, ship name, ships maximum speed, ships current damage level,
ships fire level, and the ships current fuel
level.
Aircraft groups designation, type, nationality

What carrier the group is attached to
Aircraft type
Experience rating
Number of aircraft operational and damaged
Aircrafts dogfight, cannon, load,
endurance, and durability
You can access further information about the

ship upon pressing the id letter for the ship
(A-Z) or by placing the mouse pointer over
the letter and clicking the left mouse button.
This screen displays the following information about the ship:
Ship type and name
What TF the ship is attached to
The number and types of weapons
Ship class
Amount of ammunition and torpedoes
remaining
Ships durability, armor, speed, capacity
Fire level
Number of aircraft
Flight deck damage for carriers
List of air groups (A-D) on the carrier
If the ship is a carrier, you may press the air
group letter A-D or place the mouse pointer
over the letter and click the left mouse button
You may scuttle any ship that has greater

than 50% flotation damage. To scuttle a ship
in the current TF, press the G key or click
the right mouse button to list the ships in the
TF. Select the ship you wish to scuttle. A
(S)cuttle Ship message will appear at the
bottom of the ship display. Press the S key
or place the mouse pointer over the (S) on
the display and click the left mouse button. A
Scuttle Ship Y/N question will be displayed. You must press the Y key to confirm your desire to sink the ship. Scuttling a
ship will give the enemy points for the ship
being sunk. However, some advantages to
scuttling heavily damaged ships are that the
TF will move faster, a small TF that was
detached to escort the ship will not be a sitting duck as it travels to its home base, and
you could merge the remaining ships of a
detached TF into an existing TF without any
loss in speed due to a heavily damaged ship.
The Strike icon is represented on the map
by a small aircraft picture. Move the map
cursor to the location of the Strike icon and
click the right mouse button or press the E
key. A window will be displayed showing the
aircraft assigned to strike missions. Clicking
the left mouse button will allow you access to
the Unit Menu.
UTILITY MENU OPTIONS

The Utility Menu may be displayed on the
screen by placing the mouse pointer over the
UTIL button and clicking the left mouse button. The Utility Menu is described below
along with the keyboard commands:
Utility Menu
BUTTON
DESCRIPTION
KEYBOARD
SUNK
List Types of
Ship Sunk
F8
SCORE
Display Current
Score
F9
VIEW-TF
Show Friendly TF
F5
VIEW-AF
Show Airfield
F6
BATTLE
PLAN
Review Battle Plan
F7
AUTO
MOVE
Computer
Controls TF
Alt/M
EARLY
END
Ends Current Battle
Alt/E
DECLINE
Refuse Current Setup
Alt/D
DELAY
Set Sound/Delay Levels
F10
SEARCH
ON/OFF
Set Search Lines

ON/OFF
ALT/W
EXIT
Exit Game Return to DOS
Alt/Q
ESC
Exit the Utility Menu
None
17
SUNK (F8 key) lists the number of ships

from both sides that have been sunk.
SCORE (F9 key) displays the Japanese and
Allied total points, which is the sum of the
accumulated mission and damage points.
Below the total score for each side is displayed the carrier icon pictures. For every
carrier that has been sunk, there will be a
burning carrier icon displayed. In the text
window the date and time will be displayed
along with the amount of mission and damage points that have been accumulated over
the campaign. Click the right mouse button
or press a key to exit the display.
VIEW-TF (F5 key) shows a birds-eye view
graphic display of the various ships in the
friendly TF. Click the right mouse button or
press a key to exit the display.
VIEW-AF (F6 key) shows a birds-eye view
of an airfield.
BATTLE PLAN (F7 key) allows you to
review the battle plan for the current month to
see what your orders are.
AUTO MOVE (ALT/M) allows you to switch
between automatic movement on/off. When
the automatic movement is on (engaged), the
computer will control the movement of all your
TFs. When automatic movement is off, you
have control over the movement of your TFs.
18
EARLY END (ALT/E) allows you to end the

current battle only if there are no air strikes in
the air and one of the players is withdrawing.
DECLINE (ALT/D) allows you to decline the
current months battle. You must select this
option before 0500 on the first day of the battle. You will be asked a question if you wish
to Decline Battle. Press the Y if you wish to
decline the battle. If not press the N key to
continue playing the current battle. Using the
mouse, place the pointer over either the YES
or NO buttons and click the left mouse button.
DELAY (F10 key) allows you to change the
sound on/off and the delay levels.
SEARCH ON/OFF (ALT/W) allows you to
toggle between having the search lines being
displayed during the Execution Phase.
Note: If you are playing a two player game,
the search lines will always be set to off.
UNIT MENU OPTIONS

The Unit Menu can be accessed by moving
the map cursor over a unit icon or airfield
and clicking the left mouse button. When
using the keyboard you can use the options
listed below at any time as long as the map
cursor is over a friendly TF. The Unit Menu is
described below along with the keyboard
commands:
Unit Menu
BUTTON
DESCRIPTION
KEYBOARD
RECALL
STRIKE
Order Strike to
Return to Base/CV
Alt/K
STRIKE AF
Select Airfield Target
Alt/F
STRIKE TF
Select TF Target
Alt/S
LIST TF CAP List CAP groups
F3
LR-CAP
Order CAP Group to

Cover a Different TF
EXIT (ALT/Q) allows you to exit the game

and return to DOS.
DISP TF
SEARCH
Display Search Aircraft

from TF
ESC (None) allows you to exit from the

Utility Menu.
SET TF
SEARCH
Set the Priority Search

Direction for TF
LIST TF
SEARCH
List Search Missions
F4
REFUEL TF
Refuel TF
Alt/R
MERGE TF
Merge TF
ALT/A
DETACH TF Detach TF
ALT/Z
DISP AF
SEARCH

from Airfield
LIST AF
SEARCH
List Air Search

from Airfield
LIST AF
CAP
List CAP from Airfield
EXAMINE AF Display Air Groups

from Airfield
ESC
Exit the menu
F
None
RECALL STRIKE (ALT/K) allows you to

order a strike to return to its home base
before completing its mission. To recall a
strike, place the map cursor over the strike
you wish to recall. Next press ALT/K or click
the left mouse button and select RECALL
STRIKE from the Unit Menu. The recalled
strike will move the same as an unassigned
strike. It will move toward its home TF but
will not automatically jettison its ordnance. A
recalled strike may be reassigned a new
target before it lands. Recalling a strike will
force the strikes home TF to break radio
silence, giving the enemy a chance to detect
the home TF.
STRIKE AF (ALT/F) allows you to select an
airfield target to attack with the aircraft in
your current strike. First place the map cursor over the strike you wish to assign the
airfield target to. Next press ALT/F or click
the left mouse button and select STRIKE AF
from the Unit Menu. A Target Display will
then be shown to allow you to choose which
target you wish to attack. The display lists the
target letter (A, B, C, D, etc.), the target name,
and the range in miles to the target. The
current target is displayed next. Using the
keyboard, press the letter of the target you
wish to attack. Press ESC or space bar to exit
the menu. Using the mouse, place the mouse
pointer over the letter of the target name
you wish to attack and press the left mouse
button. Press the right mouse button to exit
the menu.
19
STRIKE TF (ALT/S) allows you to select an

enemy TF to attack with the aircraft in your
current strike. First place the map cursor over
the strike you wish to assign the TF target to.
Next press ALT/S or click the left mouse button and select STRIKE TF from the Unit
Menu. A Target Display will then be shown to
allow you to choose which of the spotted TF
you wish to attack. The display lists the target
letter (A, B, C, D, etc.), the TF#, the bearing
to the target, the range in miles to the target,
the number of ships in the TF, the number of
CVs (carriers), and the number of transports.
The current target is displayed next. Using
the keyboard, press the letter of the TF you
wish to attack. Press ESC or space bar to exit
the menu. Using the mouse, place the mouse
pointer over the letter of the TF you wish to
attack and press the left mouse button. Press
the right mouse button to exit the menu.
LIST TF CAP (F3 key) allows you to display
the CAP flying over your TF. First place the
map cursor over the TF. Next press F3 or click
the left mouse button and select LIST TF CAP
from the Unit Menu. A list of all your planes
on CAP will then be shown. The display lists
the CAP air group letter (A, B, C, D, etc.), the
group designation, the type of aircraft, the
number of undamaged aircraft on CAP, the
number of damaged aircraft on CAP, and the
time in air. Press the space bar, ESC, or click
the right mouse button to exit the menu. If
you wish to land some of the air groups and
you are using the keyboard, press the letter
of the CAP air group you wish to land. Press
ESC or space bar to exit the menu. Using the
mouse, place the mouse pointer over the letter of the CAP air group you wish to land and
press the left mouse button. Press the right
mouse button to exit the menu.
20
LR-CAP (L key) allows to you to fly LongRange CAP over other TFs. You may reassign normal CAP groups (those covering
your own carrier TFs or airfields) to fly LongRange CAP over other TFs. Move the map
cursor to the TF you wish to protect. Press
the L key or click the left mouse button and
then select LR-CAP from the Unit Menu. Next
move the map cursor over a carrier TF or an
airfield (which has CAP flying over it) and
press F3 (or click the left mouse button) to
get the TF-CAP Display. Select the group you
wish to fly Long-Range CAP by either pressing the letter (A, B, C, D, etc.) adjacent to the
CAP air group you wish to fly LR-CAP, or
place the mouse pointer over the letter (A, B,
C, D, etc.) and click the left mouse button. A
delay period equal to the range between the
two TFs divided by 2 must elapse before the
Long-Range CAP arrives on station. The CAP
will abandon their station and return to the
carriers when the time in air is greater than
the aircrafts endurance minus range/2.
Note: Aircraft on CAP missions can only be
assigned to Long-Range CAP if the range to
the target is less than or equal to the aircrafts
endurance/2.
DISP TF SEARCH (S key) allows you to
display the search patterns for your aircraft
flying search missions. First place the map
cursor over your TF. Next press the S key
or click the left mouse button and select
DISP TF SEARCH from the Unit Menu. If
your TF has search aircraft out, you will see
white lines displayed on the map coming
from the TF and going out on the planes
search vector. A white circle will be drawn
showing the current location of each plane.
Red lines will appear on the map when the
search planes are returning to their carrier.
SET TF SEARCH (H key) allows you to set

the Search Priority Direction (PSD) for your
search aircraft. You can set the direction that
search aircraft will fly from the current TF by
pressing H to enter the Set Search routine.
With a mouse, this can be done by moving
the mouse pointer over the current TF, clicking the left mouse button, and then selecting
SET TF SEARCH on the Unit Menu. To alter
the PSD, press the < or > keys or click on
the <, <<, or >, >> buttons. With the mouse,
the PSD may also be set by placing the
mouse pointer on the map in the area you
wish to search and then clicking the left
mouse button. If you are playing the Japanese
player and have a TF containing BB, CA, CL,
or CS type ships, you may launch float
planes from those ships to perform search
missions. While in Set Search, float planes
may be launched by pressing the F key or
placing the mouse pointer over the LNCH
button and clicking the left mouse button.
This will cause one float plane per eligible
ship to be launched. A single ship can never
launch more than one float plane per turn.
LIST TF SEARCH (F4 key) allows you to
view all of the air groups on search missions
from the current TF. First place the map cursor over the TF. Next press the F4 key or
click the left mouse button and select LIST
TF SEARCH from the Unit Menu. A list of all
your planes on search missions will be
shown. The display lists the air group letter
(A, B, C, D, etc.), the group designation, the
type of aircraft, the number of undamaged
aircraft on search, the number of damaged
aircraft on search, and the time in air. Press
the space bar, ESC, or click the right mouse
button to exit the menu.
REFUEL TF (ALT/R) allows you to refuel the

ships in the TF. A TF may be refueled from a
land base that has more than 250 fuel points
or from another TF that has a replenish mission or from other (larger) ships in the same
TF. First place the map cursor over the TF
you wish to refuel. Next type Alt/R or with the
mouse click the left mouse button and then
select REFUEL-TF on the Unit Menu. The
computer will automatically select the best
fuel source in the current TFs hex and
attempt to transfer fuel to any ship with less
than 20 fuel points. No ship can gain more
than 5 fuel points per turn and no ship will
ever be increased above 20 fuel points. When
refueling from ships in the same TF only,
ships with more than 30 fuel may transfer
fuel to other ships. When a TF performs fueling operations its accumulated movement
points will be set to zero. If the destroyers in
a TF are running low on fuel, they may automatically attempt to take fuel from larger
ships (with more than 30 fuel) in the same TF.
MERGE TF (ALT/A) allows you to merge
ships only from Surface Combat TFs into the
current TF. First place the map cursor over
the TF you wish to add ships to. Next press
ALT/A or with the mouse click the left mouse
button and then select MERGE TF on the Unit
Menu. Starting with the lowest numbered
Surface Combat TF in the same hex with the
current TF, the computer will automatically
transfer ships to the current TF (largest ships
first) until the current TF has 22 ships or
there are no more ships in the Surface
Combat TFs.
21
DETACH TF (ALT/Z) allows you to detach a

Surface Combat TF from the current TF. First
place the map cursor over the TF you wish to
detach ships from. Next press ALT/Z or with
the mouse click the left mouse button and
then select DETACH TF on the Unit Menu.
The current TF must have at least 6 destroyers to be eligible to detach a force. The newly
created Surface Combat TF will take the first
two battleships, the first two cruisers, and
about half of the destroyers from the current
TF. The current TF will always retain at least
four destroyers for a screen. Ships with
greater than 24% flotation damage will not
be detached.
DISP AF SEARCH (T key) allows you to display the search patterns for your aircraft flying
search missions from airfields. First place the
map cursor over your airfield. Next press the
T key or click the left mouse button and
select DISP AF SEARCH from the Unit Menu.
If your airfield has search aircraft out, you will
see white lines displayed on the map coming
from the airfield and going out on the planes
search vector. A white circle will be drawn
showing the current location of each plane.
Red lines will appear on the map when the
search planes are returning to the airfield.
LIST AF SEARCH (Y key) allows you to
view all of the air groups on search missions
from the current airfield. First place the map
cursor over the airfield. Next press the Y key
or click the left mouse button and select LIST
AF SEARCH from the Unit Menu. A list of all
your planes on search missions will then be
shown. The display lists the air group letter
(A, B, C, D, etc.), the group designation, the
22
type of aircraft, the number of undamaged

aircraft on search, the number of damaged
aircraft on search, and the time in air. Press
the space bar, ESC, or click the right mouse
button to exit the menu.
HOTKEYS
The following is a list of Hotkey functions
which do not have a mouse equivalent command:
HOTKEY
LIST AF CAP (O key) allows you to display

the CAP flying over your airfield. First place
the map cursor over the airfield. Next press
the O key or click the left mouse button and
select LIST AF CAP from the Unit Menu. A
list of all your planes on CAP will then be
shown. The display lists the CAP air group
letter (A, B, C, D, etc.), the group designation, the type of aircraft, the number of
undamaged aircraft on CAP, the number of
damaged aircraft on CAP, and the time in air.
Press the space bar, ESC, or click the right
mouse button to exit the menu.
EXAMINE AF (F key) allows you to look at
all the air groups that are at the airfield. First
place the cursor over the airfield. Next press
the F key or click the left mouse button and
select EXAMINE AF on the Unit Menu. An
airfield display will appear showing the
amount of fuel points on the airfield along
with the airfield capacity and damage level. A
list of all your air groups will be displayed
showing the air group letter (A, B, C,.D, etc.),
the air group designation, the type of aircraft
in the air group, the number of planes damaged (DA), the number in the hangar (HG),
the number fueled (FU), and the number
ready (RD). To the right of the number ready
is the armament that the planes are carrying:
TP (Torpedo), AP (Armor Piercing 1000 lb),
ap (Armor Piercing 500 lb or 250 kg), HE
(High Explosive).
ESC allows you to escape from the Unit Menu.
DESCRIPTION
Next TF, switch to TF mode
Next Strike, switch to Strike mode
Next Airfield
Next Enemy TF-Snoop
Help Key
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
Each aircraft carrier or land base is allowed
to perform a certain number of Flight
Operations (FOs) per turn. For a fleet aircraft
carrier (CV) the FO limit is 36, for a light aircraft carrier (CVL) the FO limit is 18, and for
a land base the FO limit is equal to its airfield
capacity. The FO limit regulates the number
of aircraft that may be launched or landed in
a single turn. An aircraft carrier may never
launch and land aircraft in the same turn.
Each aircraft carrier in the game will contain
2 to 4 air groups; 1 Fighter Group, 0-2 Dive
Bomber Groups, and 1 Torpedo Bomber
Group.
Fueled (FU); must be raised to the deck

before launching or defueled for safe storage
in the hangar.
Ready on Deck (RD); ready for launch, may
be lowered to clear flight deck. Must be lowered then defueled for safe storage in the
hangar.
Assigned; performing a CAP, Search, or
Strike Mission.
Waiting to Land; circling carrier waiting for
flight deck to be cleared or repaired.
ACCESSING THE FLIGHT OPERATIONS DISPLAY
To perform Flight Operations for a carrier
make sure you are in TF Mode if you are
playing with a mouse. Place the map cursor
over an Air Combat TF which contains a carrier or carriers. You will see the carrier picture(s) displayed on the right side of the text
window. Next press the letter (A,B,C,D) to
select the desired carrier. With a mouse, put
the mouse pointer over the picture of the
desired carrier and click the left mouse button. The Flight Operations Display will now
be shown for the carrier selected.
Unready on Deck (UD); must be lowered to

hangar, fueled, and raised back to deck
before launching.
FLIGHT OPERATIONS DISPLAY

The Flight Operations Display will be shown
with the assigned air groups listed on the left
side of the screen. Aircraft icons for each air
group will be differently colored. Select the
letter (A,B,C,D) or place the mouse pointer
over the icon of the air group and click the
left mouse button to perform Flight
Operations. The current air group will have
all of its planes colored white and the air
group icon will also be white.
In the Hangar (HG); must be fueled and

raised back to the deck before launching.
Flight operations with the selected group

may be performed at this time by clicking the
AIRCRAFT READINESS STATES

A Carrier Air Group (CAG) may have aircraft
in varying states of readiness as shown below:
Damaged; must remain in the hangar until
repaired.
23
flight op buttons or pressing the keys

described below. Press the ? key to display
the keystrokes that correspond to each flight
op button. The table below is a summary of
the mouse button boxes along with the corresponding keyboard commands.
BUTTON
KEY
>>
lower max number of

unready aircraft to hangar.
fuel 1 aircraft.
fuel max number of aircraft.
defuel max number of aircraft.
ORD
changes type of ordnance

if there are no aircraft in
Ready-On-Deck status.
MIS
sets group mission if 1 or more

aircraft in Ready-On-Deck status.
<
raises 1 fueled aircraft to deck.
<<
raises max number of fueled

aircraft to deck.
>>
lowers max number of ready

aircraft.
>
lowers 1 ready aircraft from deck.
launches 1 ready aircraft (will

perform assigned mission).
FLIGHT OPERATIONS DISPLAY MENU
launches max number of ready

aircraft.
SET DIR S
DESCRIPTION
set priority search direction

(PSD) if Search mission
selected.
TGT-TF S
select TF target if Strike

mission selected.
TGT-AF F
select Airfield target if Strike

mission selected.
ESC*
ESC end flight ops for this carrier.
* Can also exit by clicking the right mouse

button.
24
DESCRIPTION OF THE FLIGHT OPERATIONS

DISPLAY
Carrier Name Display

The screen display which follows shows the
Flight Operations Display for the CV (Carrier)
Enterprise. The carriers name is displayed in
the upper left corner of the display.
Mission Display
To the right of carriers name is the Mission
Display box where the air groups missions
are shown. There are three types of missions:
CAP, Search, and Strike. Clicking on the MIS
box or pressing the H key will cycle you
through the three missions. Below the
Mission is displayed the flight number.
Below that is the aircrafts name followed by
two sets of numbers. The first number is the
amount of planes being launched off the carrier deck by the currently accessed Air
Group. The second number is the total number of planes being sent on that mission from
all the carriers Air Groups.
Flight/Fuel/Elevator Clocks Display
To the right of the Mission Display box are
the four clocks which show the level remaining to perform Flight Operations (Fl. Op),
Fueling Operations (Fu. Op), Elevator Up
Operations (Ev. Op), and Elevator Down
Operations (El. Dn). As planes are moved
around the carriers flight deck and hangar
these clocks will show less operations
remaining (the amount in white).
An elevator up operation occurs whenever an
aircraft is raised to the deck. An elevator
down operation occurs whenever an aircraft
is lowered from the deck. Elevator Operations
is equal to either elev up or elev down,
whichever is greater. The Elevator
Operations number is frequently used in calculating carriers flight operation limits.
There are limitations on the number and type

of Flight Operations that may be performed in
a single turn. Fleet carriers (CVs) have a FO
limit of 36. Light carriers (CVLs) have an FO
limit of 18. Flight operation limits are
described below:
A carrier may not launch and land planes
in the same turn.
The number of aircraft launched plus
Elevator Operations may never exceed the FO
limit.
The number of aircraft On Deck may never
exceed the FO limit.
The number of aircraft Landed may never
exceed the FO limit.
Unready aircraft (UD) may not be lowered
and fueled in the same turn.
Aircraft in the hangar (HG) may not be
fueled and raised to the flight deck in the
same turn.
The number of aircraft Fueled plus the
number Defueled may not exceed the FO
limit.
Aircraft may not change ordnance and be
raised to the flight deck on the same turn.
Air Group Display

The left side of the Flight Operations Display
contains four Air Group boxes (A, B, C, D)
which show the air groups designation, aircraft name, a description and picture of the
ordnance being currently carried, and a small
colored picture of a plane. The planes colors
can be gray, blue, dark green, or light green.
The air group which is being accessed will
have its planes and text colored white.
Target/Set Direction Display

Above the four Air Group boxes can be displayed either TGT-TF and TGT-AF when
launching Strike missions or SET-DIR when
launching Search missions. After launching
the desired number of planes from the flight
deck, you must select the desired box to
either select a target to attack or a direction to
search. When these boxes are displayed,
pressing the ? key will display the keyboard
commands for these boxes as well. If you are
on a Strike mission, place the mouse pointer
over the TGT-TF or TGT-AF box and click the
left mouse button. Using the keyboard, press
S or F. You will next be asked to select
your target. If you are on a Search mission,
place the pointer over the SET-DIR box and
click the left mouse button. Using the keyboard press S.
Flight Deck Display
The middle of the screen shows the carrier
flight deck. In order to launch planes, they
must be on the flight deck. There are two buttons on the top of the flight deck. These are
the Launch buttons. The button with one up
arrow ([ key) allows one plane at a time to
be launched. The button on the right with two
up arrows (] key) allows the maximum
number of planes from the currently
accessed Air Group (planes are colored
white) to be launched.
Mission and Flight Deck/Hangar
Buttons
To the right of the flight deck are seven buttons. The top button labeled MIS allows you
to cycle through the three possible air missions: CAP, Strike, and Search. Press the H
25
key or place the mouse pointer over the box

and click the left mouse button to cycle
through the missions which are displayed in
the Mission Display box. The next button
down will move the maximum number of
planes from the hangar to the flight deck.
Press the I key or place the mouse pointer
over the << box and click the left mouse
button. The next button down will move one
plane at a time from the hangar to the flight
deck. Press the U key or place the mouse
pointer over the < box and click the left
mouse button. The next button will move one
readied plane from the flight deck to the
hangar. Press the P key or place the mouse
pointer over the > box and click the left
mouse button. The next button will move the
maximum number of readied planes from the
flight deck to the hangar. Press the O key
or place the mouse pointer over the >>
box and click the left mouse button. The next
button will move the maximum number of
unreadied planes from the flight deck to the
hangar. Press the W key or place the
mouse pointer over the >> box and click
the left mouse button. The last box is the
ESC box which allows you to escape from
the Flight Operations Display. Press the ESC
key or place the mouse pointer over the box
and click the left mouse button. Note: You
can always escape by clicking the right
mouse button at any time.
26
Hangar and Ordnance Display

On the far right side of the Flight Operations
Display is the Hangar Deck. This is where
planes are stored, fueled, and armed. At the
top of the Hangar Deck is a button box
labeled ORD. Pressing the Y key or placing
the mouse pointer over the box and clicking
the left mouse button will cycle through the
various weapons the Air Group can carry. To
the right of the ORD box is a picture of the
weapon available to select. If the box is blank
and you select this option, the Air Group will
disarm, removing any weapons currently
being carried. The Hangar Deck is separated
into two parts. The lower section contains
unfueled aircraft. The upper Hangar Deck has
fueled aircraft which should be armed if they
are going on a Strike or an armed Search
mission. Near the middle of the Hangar Deck
are three buttons which allow you to move
aircraft on the Hangar Deck. The leftmost
button with two down arrows allows you to
defuel the maximum number of aircraft and
will move the aircraft to the lower Hangar
Deck. Press the T key or place the mouse
pointer over the box and click the left mouse
button. The middle button with two up arrows
allows you to fuel the maximum number of
aircraft and will move the aircraft to the upper
Hangar Deck. Press the R key or place the
mouse pointer over the box and click the left
mouse button. The rightmost box with one
up arrow will fuel one aircraft and move it to
the upper Hangar Deck. Press the E key or
place the mouse pointer in the box and click
the left mouse button.
The above Flight Operations Display screen

was taken from the Midway scenario and is
from the carrier Enterprise, whose name is
shown in the upper left corner. There are four
Air Groups on the Enterprise: Fighter 6 F4F
Wildcat, Scout 6 SBD Dauntless, Bomber 6
SBD Dauntless, and Torpedo 6 TBD
Devastator. The last Air Group is currently
being accessed with its text and planes in
white. The Torpedo 6 Air Group contains
TBD Devastators which are armed with MK13 Torpedoes. The Air Group is attempting to
fly a Strike mission against a spotted
Japanese TF. On the Mission Display at the
top of the screen is displayed its Strike mission, its flight number 11:50, 3 TBD
Devastators have so far been added to the
strike with a total of 9 planes (6 were Fighters
which were launched earlier in the turn) on
the strike. Launching the 9 planes has
caused the Flight Operations clock to move
to the 3 oclock position.
SEARCH OPERATIONS
SEARCH VECTORS
Successful search operations are critical to
victory in CARRIER STRIKE. Most of your intelligence on enemy TFs will be provided by
search aircraft. Search aircraft will be launched
from land bases, carrier TFs, or Japanese
TFs equipped with float planes. Each search
aircraft will fly along its assigned search vector out to its maximum range and return
along a slightly different vector (+/- 9 degrees).
Thus each search aircraft covers a 10 degree
arc and 36 aircraft launched simultaneously
from a TF could cover the entire 360 degrees
surrounding the TF.
27
28
enemy TF. If you wish to search the area

north of TF51, place the pointer on one of the
four direction buttons and click the left mouse
button or use the < or > keys to move the
yellow Priority Search Direction (PSD) vector
until it comes to angle 337. Note: With a
mouse you can also place the mouse pointer
on the map to the north of TF51 and click the
left mouse button to set the direction. Press
ESC, click the right mouse button, or place
the pointer over the ESC button box and click
the left mouse button to set the direction. If
the TF had float planes, pressing the F key
or placing the pointer over the LNCH button
would launch all eligible float planes from
every ship in the TF.
After aircraft have been assigned their search
vectors they will appear on the TFs search
display the following turn. The search display
will show which vectors are being searched
and where each aircraft is located along its
search path. White lines will be used to designate outbound aircraft and red lines will
designate returning aircraft.
Each turn an unarmed search aircraft will fly
51 miles (three hexes) along its search vector. An armed search aircraft or an unarmed
TBD will fly 34 miles (2 hexes) along its
search vector.
Fighter, Fighter-bomber, Dive Bomber, and
Torpedo Bomber type aircraft will fly a maximum of 10 turns on the outward leg of a
search mission. Float planes will fly out to
the maximum of their endurance.
SETTING SEARCH DIRECTION

You can set the direction that search aircraft
will fly from the current TF by pressing H to
enter the Set Search routine. With a mouse
this can be done by moving the pointer over
the current TF and clicking the left button and
then selecting SET TF SEARCH on the Unit
Menu. You may enter the Set Search routine
from the carrier Flight Operations display by
selecting a search mission for an air group
and then selecting Set Search. To alter the
PSD, press the < or > keys or click on the
<, <<, or >, >> buttons. With the mouse the
PSD may also be set by clicking the left
mouse button over the area on the map you
wish to search.
Above is the Set Search Direction Display.
The map shows Midway with an American
flag at the lower bottom of the screen. To the
NW of Midway is a spotted Japanese TF. The
Allied TF51 has already sent out search
planes a few turns before (shown by the
white search vector lines) and spotted the
Assignment of Search Vector

At the end of a turn in which search planes
have been launched, the computer will automatically assign those planes a search vector
as close as possible to the last PSD set for
the TF. Note that each TF has only one PSD
for all the carriers in the TF; therefore if you
wish to launch planes on different PSDs, you
must wait until the next turn to select another
PSD for the TF. The computer uses the following rules in assigning search vectors:
No more than 1 aircraft per turn will be
assigned to a single search vector.
No more than 2 aircraft can ever share the
same search vector.
An aircraft will not be assigned to a search
vector if another aircraft was assigned that
vector on the previous turn.
LAUNCHING FLOAT PLANES

If the Japanese player has a TF containing
BB, CA, CL, or CS type ships, then he may
launch float planes from those ships to perform search missions. While in Set Search
Mode, float planes may be launched by
pressing F or clicking the LNCH button.
This will cause one float plane per eligible
ship in the TF to be launched. Note: A TF
can only perform one float plane search mission per turn. In CARRIER STRIKE, the Allied
player does not have any float plane capability. Historically the Allied ships that had float
planes did not, for the most part, use them in
searching for enemy TF.
ARMED SEARCH PLANES
Fighter and Bomber aircraft may be assigned
to fly search missions. To fly search, the
group must be assigned a Search Mission
before the aircraft are launched (see Flight
Operations). Searching bombers may only be
armed with 250 kg, 500 lb, or HE bombs. If
an armed search bomber locates an enemy TF,
it may get a chance to attack an enemy ship.
SPOTTING ENEMY/DUMMY TFS
If a search aircraft enters or moves adjacent
to a clear weather hex containing an enemy
TF, there is a 67% chance the TF will be
sighted. If the TF occupies an overcast hex,
there is a 33% chance the search plane will
sight it. If a TF is sighted, a TF icon will be
placed on the map. Enemy Task Forces in
restricted waters or coastal hexes have an
easier chance of being spotted. If an enemy
TF is in the same hex as a friendly TF, then
during daylight hours it will be automatically
spotted; during night there is a random
chance of being spotted.
29
When you receive sighting reports during the

Search Phase you get a visual birds-eye
view of an enemy TF. The view may include
only a fraction of the TFs total of ships.
Sometimes the report will show a carrier in a
non-carrier TF. Some views will show no
ships at all which means the pilot was too far
away to identify any ships in the TF. Some of
the sighted TFs will be dummy TFs which
will be mirror images of real enemy TFs
located elsewhere on the map. Dummy TFs
are used to simulate the confusion when
search planes miscalculated or garbled the
location in their sighting reports. After
repeated sightings, the dummy TFs will be
removed from the screen.
During your orders phase the Snoop option
may be used to view the last sighting report
for each detected enemy TF. Move the cursor
over the TF icon and press the P key or
with the mouse select SNOOP by clicking the
left mouse button.
SEARCH PLANE COMBAT
When a search plane sights a TF that is covered by enemy CAP fighters, there is a
chance it will be shot down. The search pilot
experience and aircraft dogfight capability are
compared to the quantity and quality of
enemy CAP to determine the search planes
chance of survival. If the search plane is
armed and it survives enemy CAP, it may get
a chance to attack an enemy ship. Once again
the search pilot experience is compared to
the quality and quantity of enemy CAP to
determine its chance of conducting an attack.
If a search plane is destroyed by CAP there is
a 10% chance that a search plane destroyed
by CAP message will be displayed. If a
30
search plane evades an enemy CAP group

there is a 20% chance that a search plane
evades enemy CAP message will be displayed.
BREAKING RADIO SILENCE
There is a random chance that TFs may be
located when they break radio silence to
recall strikes or Long-Range CAP. In addition
carrier TFs may be located when they launch
strikes and pilot radio chatter betrays their
position. The more planes in the strike, the
greater the chance it will reveal its home TFs
position.
COMBAT AIR PATROL

LAUNCHING CAP MISSIONS
All aircraft may fly Combat Air Patrol (CAP)
missions to protect a TF or airfield from
enemy bombers. In order to launch CAP you
should first move the map cursor over a carrier TF. Next press the letter (A, B, C, D) or
place the mouse pointer over the carrier picture you want and click the left mouse button.
You are now in the Flight Operations Display.
Make sure you click on the fighter icon group
and that it turns white in color. Move your
fighters from the hangar deck to the flight
deck. Select the MIS button or press the H
key. Stop when the mission display box
shows: mission:CAP. Use the launch buttons on the carrier deck or the [ or ] keys
to launch your CAP. A fighter group must be
assigned a CAP mission before the fighters
are launched. CAP aircraft may remain on
station for an entire day (in reality a fraction
of them would be landing, refueling, and
launching each turn but this has been
abstracted for playability). The Time in Air for
a normal CAP group will remain at zero during daylight hours.
CAP EFFECTIVENESS
CAP is at its peak effectiveness when it
engages less than 3 enemy air groups per
turn. CAP will start to lose effectiveness
when forced to engage numerous enemy air
groups in the same turn. Large fighter
escorts protecting enemy bombers will be
particularly effective at lowering CAP effectiveness. The Time in Air flag will be incremented to reflect CAP exhaustion. Normal
CAP operating from an undamaged carrier
will have its Time in Air flag reset to zero at
the end of the next Orders Phase.
SENDING LONG-RANGE CAP
You may reassign normal CAP groups
(those covering your own carrier TFs) to fly
Long-Range CAP over other TFs. Move the
map cursor to the TF you wish to protect and
press L. When using a mouse, place the
mouse pointer over the TF, click the left button, and then select LR-CAP from the Unit
Menu. Next move the cursor/pointer to a carrier TF and press F3 (or click the left button) to get the TF-CAP Display. Select the
group you wish to fly Long-Range CAP. A
delay period equal to the range between the
two TFs divided by 2 must elapse before the
LR-CAP arrives on station. The CAP will
abandon their station and return to the carriers when Time in Air is greater than
Endurance minus Range/2. Note: Aircraft on
CAP missions can only be assigned to LongRange CAP if the range to the target is less
than or equal to the aircrafts endurance/2.
CAP AND DECK DAMAGE

When an aircraft carrier has its flight deck
damaged, CAP fighters based on that carrier
will be eventually forced to land. The Time in
Air flag will increment 1 for each turn the
CAP is on station and 1 for each 90 enemy
strike bombers engaged or 1 for every 30
enemy escort fighters engaged. The fighters
will attempt to land when their Time in Air
flag equals or exceeds the fighters
Endurance. The Time in Air flag will reset to
zero if the carriers flight deck is repaired.
LANDING CAP
Normal CAP may be ordered to land if its
home carrier has not performed any launches
during the turn. To land CAP press F3 to list
the CAP over the current TF (with the mouse
click the left button over the current TF and
select LIST CAP from the Unit Menu). Select
the CAP group you wish to land. The Carrier
Landing Display will be shown on the screen.
Click the arrow buttons or press Q or E to
land some or all of the aircraft in the group.
You may exit the menu by pressing the ESC
key or the right mouse button.
LANDING L-R CAP
Long-Range CAP may be ordered to land
after it has arrived over its objective TF. To
land Long-Range CAP press F3 to list the
CAP over the current (objective) TF (with the
mouse click the left button over the current
TF and select LIST CAP from the Unit Menu).
Select the CAP group you wish to land. You
may exit the menu by pressing ESC or the
right mouse button. The CAP group will disappear from the CAP list and return to its
home base/carrier like an air strike that has
31
completed its mission. The returning CAP

group may be viewed using the strike display
functions. Recalling a Long-Range CAP mission will force the home TF to break radio
silence. When a Long-Range CAP group is
ordered to land, there is a chance its home
TF will be detected. This detection will not
occur if the LR-CAP returns to its carrier due
to normal fuel restrictions.
AIR STRIKES
LAUNCHING AIR STRIKES
Air strikes may be formed to attack enemy
ships or airfields. Air strikes are formed by
launching bombers and fighter escorts while
in the Flight Operations Display. Targets are
assigned to the current strike by clicking
the TGT-TF or TGT-AF buttons on the Flight
Operations Display and then selecting from
the list of eligible targets.
Before launching aircraft, you should verify
that the group has the proper mission
assigned. When a group has aircraft in
Ready-On-Deck status, you may assign it a
new mission by clicking the MIS button or
pressing H. When the correct mission
(CAP, Search, or Strike) appears at the top of
the Flight Operations Display, you are then
ready to launch aircraft.
You may place numerous air groups from
different carriers in the same TF into a combined strike if you choose the same target. In
the Mission Display box on the Flight
Operations Display, you will see the type of
aircraft and the number being launched currently, followed by a colon and a second
number which is the total number of aircraft
in the strike.
32
SELECTING AIR STRIKE TARGETS

Targets may be assigned to the current strike
from the Map Display by typing Alt/S to target a TF or Alt/F to target an airfield or clicking the mouse over the current strike and
selecting TGT-TF or TGT-AF from the Unit
Menu (the current strike is the one displayed
in the window below the map).
To assign a target from Map Mode, make sure
the correct strike is displayed in the window
below the map; this is the current strike.
Press Alt/S to assign a TF target or Alt/F to
assign an airfield target. With a mouse, move
the arrow to the strikes location and click the
button and select STRIKE-TF or STRIKE-AF
from the menu. Select the desired target from
the list of eligible targets on the Select Target
Display.
STRIKES WITH UNASSIGNED TARGETS
An air strike is not required to have a target
assigned on the turn it is launched. An unassigned strike will continue to orbit its parent
carriers until a target is assigned. An unassigned strike may be launched on one turn
and reinforced with additional aircraft on the
next turn. After a strike exceeds 150 aircraft,
it may no longer be reinforced with additional
strike groups. When a strike has been
assigned a target, it will start to move towards
the target during the next Execution Phase.
Aircraft that have been unassigned for two
turns will attempt to land after the second
turn if their home carrier is eligible to land
aircraft.
ARMING THE STRIKE
The ordnance to be carried by strike aircraft
must be determined before the armed and
fueled aircraft are raised to the deck. You
may cycle through the possible ordnance
selections by clicking the ORD button or

pressing the Y key. Continue clicking the
button or pressing Y until the desired ordnance is displayed in the Air Group box. A
groups ordnance may not be changed when
it has aircraft in Ready-On-Deck status.
When the weapon picture box shows no picture, selecting this will remove any weapons
on the aircraft. Listed below are the types of
ordnance allowed for each type of aircraft:
Japanese:
AIRCRAFT TYPE
AVAILABLE ORDNANCE
Fighter Bomber
250 kg Bomb, HE Bomb
Dive Bomber
250 kg Bomb, HE Bomb
Torpedo Bomber 250 kg Bomb, HE Bomb,

Type 91 Torpedo*
Medium Bomber 250 kg Bomb, HE Bomb,
Type 91 Torpedo*
Allied:
AIRCRAFT TYPE
AVAILABLE ORDNANCE
Fighter Bomber
500 lb Bomb, HE Bomb
Dive Bomber
500 lb Bomb, HE Bomb,

1000 lb Bomb*
Torpedo Bomber 500 lb Bomb, HE Bomb,

Mk.13 Torpedo*#
Medium Bomber 500 lb Bomb, HE Bomb,
Mk.13 Torpedo*#
Heavy Bomber
500 lb Bomb, HE Bomb,

1000 lb Bomb*
* Aircraft are considered to be Heavily Loaded

when carrying 1000 lb Bombs or Torpedoes; otherwise they are considered to have a Normal
Load.
# British aircraft used the Mk.XII Torpedo
STRIKE MOVEMENT
At the end of each turn, most normally
loaded strikes will move toward their targets
at a speed of two hexes per turn or 102
miles/six hexes every hour/3 turns (2-2-2).
Strikes containing heavily loaded aircraft
will move only 1 hex every third turn and two
hexes on the other turns or 85 miles/5 hexes
every hour/3 turns (2-2-1). Strikes containing normally loaded or empty TBD
Devastators may never fly faster than the 85
mph or (2-2-1) rate. Strikes containing
heavily loaded TBDs will only move 68
miles/4 hexes every hour/3 turns (2-1-1).
Note: The speeds described above are much

slower than the actual cruising speed of the
aircraft. The times required to form up and
maneuver into attack position have been
factored in to produce an average strike
speed.
LOCATING THE TARGET
When an anti-ship strike enters a hex containing the target TF, the strike must attempt
to locate the target before it can attack. If the
target hex is overcast (there is a white cloud
symbol in the hex), then there is a 67%
chance that the target will be obscured by
clouds. If the target is not obscured then the
strike will successfully locate its target if:
Random (25+Strike Aircraft) > Random (100Ships x 2)
33
34
ATTACKING ALTERNATE TARGETS

While moving, a strike may locate TFs other
than their assigned target. Under certain circumstances the strike will attack a TF that is
different than its assigned target. A strike will
attack a different TF if:
combined into one force. At this point one or

more of these combined forces will split off
to attack the enemy TF. The strike may split if
the encountered enemy TF meets any of the
following requirements:
the assigned target turns out to be a

dummy. The strike will retarget the nearest
sighted TF (which may be another dummy).
Random (20) < CAP protecting TF
the strike flies over and locates a TF that

meets the requirements for an alternate target. A TF is determined to be a good alternate
target if the number of aircraft in the strike is
less than the number of ships in the enemy
TF multiplied by the strikes Time-in-Air.
If the TF has no carriers in it then there is a
67% chance that the strike will ignore it,
regardless of the above calculations.
ATTACKING AIRFIELDS
An anti-airfield strike will always locate its
target unless it is obscured by clouds in
which case there is a 67% chance that the
target will be obscured.
AIR GROUP SPLITTING OFF FROM STRIKE
Whenever an aircrafts Time in Air exceeds
55% of its Endurance, those aircraft will
automatically jettison their ordnance, split off
from the strike, and return to their parent carrier or airfield.
Air strikes may be forced to split up when
they encounter enemy TFs other than the one
they are assigned to attack. If forced to split,
all of the air groups from same carrier will be
AIRCRAFT DITCHING
Whenever an air groups Time in Air exceeds
the aircrafts Endurance, its aircraft will start
to ditch in the following manner:
Time in Air = Endurance + 1
1/5 of the aircraft ditch
Random (100) < number ships
In determining which of the combined forces

will split off, the strike will attempt to retain
36 aircraft for each carrier in the currently
targeted TF and detach 36 aircraft for each
carrier in the encountered enemy TF. If there
are no carriers in the encountered TF, then at
least one and sometimes two combined
forces will be detached.
Time in Air > Endurance + 4
remaining aircraft ditch
Contains 1 or more carriers
A strike that contains more than one type of

bomber may lose its cohesion and one or
more of its bomber elements may be separated from the strike. This will only happen if
the strike contains TBDs, tac-bombers, or
heavy bombers and some different type of
bomber. When the above conditions exist,
there will be a 10% chance each turn that a
TBD, tac-bomber, or heavy bomber element
will separate from the rest of a strike (and
form a new strike with the same target).
RETURN TO BASE/CARRIER
When a strike has successfully attacked its
target, then all of its air groups will return to
their home base/carriers together. When a
returning strike enters the hex with its home
base/carriers, it will continue to circle until
all its aircraft have either landed or ditched.
Whenever non-recon aircraft remain flying

after dark (1900 hours) some of the aircraft
will become lost and be forced to ditch. Air
groups that remain flying after dark will lose
1/5 of their number on every third turn (once
per hour on the hour).
RECALLING A STRIKE
A strike may be ordered to return to its home
base before completing its mission. To recall
the current strike, press Alt/K or click the
left mouse button over the current strike and
select RECALL STRIKE from the Unit Menu.
The recalled strike will move the same as
an unassigned strike. A recalled strike will
move toward its home TF but will not automatically jettison its ordnance. A recalled
strike may be reassigned a new target before
it lands. Recalling a strike will force the
strikes home TF to break radio silence.
When a strike is recalled, there is a chance
the home TF will be detected.
AIRFIELDS
Airfields are located on bases shown on the
map with either American or Japanese flags
displaying which player controls the base.
The airfields aircraft missions are automatically controlled by the computer with a few
exceptions explained below:
The computer controls launching CAP,
Search, and Strike missions. However, once
launched, you may change the Strike missions target by entering Strike Mode (if
using a mouse ) and placing the map cursor
over the strike. Next press Alt/S or click the
left mouse button to bring up the Unit Menu
and select STRIKE TF or STRIKE AF. Then
you may select another target on the Select
Target Display.
You may recall an airfield strike by entering Strike Mode (if using a mouse) and placing the map cursor over the strike. Press
Alt/K or press the left mouse button to get the
Unit Menu and then select RECALL STRIKE.
You may assign airfield aircraft on CAP
missions to Long-Range CAP missions.
Place the map cursor over the hex (TF or AF)
you wish to place L-R CAP over. Press L or
click the left mouse button to enter the Unit
Menu. Select L-R CAP. Next move the map
cursor over the airfield and press the A key
or the left mouse button to list the CAP over
the airfield. Select the Air Groups you wish to
provide L-R CAP.
When you place the cursor over an airfield
you may access four different displays. Using
a mouse you must click the left mouse button
and bring up the Unit Menu first or if using
35
the keyboard you may press one of the keys

as shown below:
DISP AF SEARCH (T key) allows you to
see the search patterns of the aircraft on
Search missions.
LIST AF SEARCH (Y key) allows you to
view the data on each of the Air Groups flying
Search missions. The data displayed shows
the Air Group designation, name, number of
undamaged planes flying, number of damaged planes flying, and the Time-in-Air.
LIST AF CAP (O key) allows you to view
the data on each of the Air Groups flying CAP
missions. The data displayed shows the Air
Group designation, name, number of undamaged planes flying, number of damaged
planes flying, and the Time-in-Air.
EXAMINE AF on the Unit Menu. A list of
all your air groups will be displayed showing
the air group letter (A, B, C, D, etc.), the air
group designation, the type of aircraft in the
air group, the number of planes damaged (DA),
the number of unready aircraft in the hangar
(HG), the number fueled but not on runway
(FU), and the number of readied planes on the
runway (RD). To the right of the number of
planes ready will be the armament that the
planes are carrying: TP (Torpedo), AP (Armor
Piercing 1000 lb), ap (Armor Piercing 500 lb
or 250 kg), HE (High Explosive). It takes one
turn to move aircraft from the hangar to be
fueled and another turn to be put on the runway.
When the map cursor is over an airfield, the
name of the city or island will be displayed
along with AF:xx where xx refers to the aircraft launch capacity of the airfield for a turn.
For example, Midway has a capacity of 50
which means in any one 20 minute turn, the
airfield can launch up to 50 planes.
There is a hotkey command Z which allows
you to view the aircraft on the next airfield.
36
LANDING AIRCRAFT
After you have completed your orders and
ended your turn, the computer may perform
Automatic Landing Operations (ALOs). ALOs
will occur if there are returning aircraft waiting to land and the carrier did not perform
any launches during the turn and aircraft On
Deck is less than the FO limit. When aircraft
land they will be immediately lowered to the
hangar unless all Elevator Operations have
been used up. There are two different ALO
procedures the computer may use for landing
aircraft:
Limited Deck Space Procedure is used if
there are aircraft on deck at the start of the
ALO phase.
A Clear Deck Procedure is used if the deck
is clear at the start of the ALO phase.
LIMITED DECK SPACE PROCEDURE
This cycle will continue as long as both

Elevator Operations and Landed are less than
the FO limit (the Clear Deck Procedure does
not add Landed to Elevator Operations when
calculating the limit). When Elevator
Operations are used up, aircraft may still land
up to the On Deck limit.
When Damaged Aircraft land, it costs 2
Landed operations.
EMERGENCY LANDINGS
If a carrier is sunk or damaged, then aircraft
assigned to that carrier may be forced to
make an emergency landing on another
carrier or airfield. Aircraft may divert if its
home carrier has:
been sunk
flight deck damage of 2 or more
flotation damage of 67 or more
a fire level of 10 or more
A carrier will land a group of aircraft not to

exceed the On Deck limit; the Landed and On
Deck numbers will be incremented. If
Elevator Operations remain, then those aircraft (just landed) will be immediately lowered, On Deck will be decremented, and
Elevator Operations will be incremented. This
cycle will continue as long as Elevator
Operations plus Landed is less than the FO
limit. If Elevator Operations have been used
up, aircraft may still be landed up to the On
Deck limit.
If any of the above requirements have been

met, the aircraft may be diverted to another
carrier or airfield if:
CLEAR DECK PROCEDURE:
the aircraft is returning from a Long-Range

CAP mission and has zero remaining
endurance
A carrier will land a group of aircraft; the

Landed and On Deck numbers will be incremented. If Elevator Operations remain, then
those aircraft (just landed) will be immediately lowered, On Deck will be decremented,
and Elevator Operations will be incremented.
the aircraft is returning from a Strike mission and its remaining endurance is less than
the fire level of the home carrier
the aircraft is returning from a Strike mission and its remaining endurance is less than
the flight deck damage of the home carrier
the aircraft is returning from a Search mission and has zero remaining endurance
the aircraft is flying a normal CAP mission

and its time-in-air is greater than 9 turns.
Before an aircraft can be diverted there must

be a friendly airfield or a friendly carrier
within range. There are no restrictions on
landing at a friendly airfield. If landing on a
friendly carrier, the carrier must operate the
same type of aircraft as those that are diverting. The diverted aircraft will be reassigned
to one of the existing air groups at its new
location. The aircraft may not divert if the
plane types do not match up with those existing on the friendly carrier.
When an aircraft carrier is sunk, all of its air
groups may be reassigned to nearby friendly
airfields. If this happens the groups will have
no aircraft at the time they are reassigned.
These groups may receive aircraft that were
in the air when their carrier was sunk.
Whenever the planes arrive at the airfield,
they will be added to their assigned group.
SPECIAL EMERGENCY LANDINGS
Aircraft returning from Search or Long-Range
CAP missions may be diverted to a different
carrier if their home carrier is not eligible to
land aircraft on that turn due to a full deck of
planes, the carrier has already launched planes,
or the flight deck is damaged. Aircraft that
would otherwise be forced to ditch may make
emergency landings on other carriers or airfields within 35 miles of their home carrier.
LANDING COMBAT AIR PATROL (CAP)

Aircraft flying CAP missions will not normally be required to land during daylight
hours. You must order your CAP aircraft to
land before you can reassign them to other
missions. To land CAP move the map cursor
to the TF where the CAP is flying. Press F3
or with the mouse, place the mouse pointer
over the TF and click the left mouse button
37
and select LIST CAP from the Unit Menu.

The CAP display will be shown listing all
CAP groups over the TF. Select the letter of
the group you wish to land.
The CAP group display will be shown on the
left of the screen with the carrier deck display
in the center of the screen. You may move
one aircraft from the CAP display to the carrier display by clicking the > button or
pressing Q. You may move all of the aircraft from the CAP display to the carrier display by clicking the >> button or pressing
E. A carrier may not land aircraft in excess
of or in violation of the flight operation limits.
COMBAT
AIR GROUP DISRUPTION
CAP and strike air groups become disrupted
when engaging in air-to-air combat or when
attacked by enemy flak. Disruption is a percentage of lost effectiveness. Disruption
will never exceed 90%. Disruption is gained
differently for the following types of combat:
CAP COORDINATION LOSS DISRUPTION
When more than one CAP group is engaging
an air strike, the first group will suffer no
penalty. The second group will gain disruption points equal to the number of fighters in
the first group. The third group will gain disruption equal to the number of fighters in the
first two groups, etc. A CAP group will suffer
coordination loss disruption before it
engages in air-to-air combat. During 1944
Allied CAP groups will not suffer any coordination loss penalties. The Allies had developed an outstanding system of fighter direction by this time in the war.
38
CAP VS. ESCORT COMBAT DISRUPTION

When a CAP fighter group pairs off to fight
an escort fighter group, the smaller of the two
groups will receive 90% (maximum) disruption while the larger group receives disruption relative to the size of the smaller group.
Example: 12 Escort Zeros engage 20

Wildcats on CAP. The Zero group receives
90% disruption. The Wildcat group receives
60% (12/20) disruption.
If a fighter group has received disruption in
prior combat, its ability to disrupt enemy
fighter groups will be reduced accordingly.
Example: 12 Escort Zeros with 0 disruption

engage 20 Wildcats with 70% disruption.
The Zero group receives only 50% disruption
since the effective number of Wildcats is
only 6 (20 reduced by 70%). The Wildcats
disruption would be increased to the maximum of 90%.
CAP VS. BOMBER COMBAT DISRUPTION
CAP fighter groups receive 1% disruption for
each enemy bomber they attack. Bomber
groups receive 1% disruption for each enemy
fighter that attacks them. The number of CAP
that attacks the bombers is adjusted for CAP
disruption before the bomber disruption is
added. CAP groups receive 2% disruption
for each non-torpedo bomber destroyed and
5% disruption for each torpedo carrying aircraft destroyed.
Note: Historically, torpedo carrying bombers

attacked from very low altitude and attacking
them placed CAP fighters in a poor tactical
position.
FLAK COMBAT DISRUPTION
The targets total flak strength will attack each
bomber in the group separately. If the bomber
is not destroyed or damaged by the flak, then

a disruption check is made for that bomber.
The bomber group gains 2% (6% if the
bomber is carrying a torpedo) disruption if:
Random (Flak) > Random (Pilot Experience x
Bombers in Group)
If the bomber group gains disruption, a flak
explosion will appear on the screen.
AIR-TO-AIR COMBAT
When an air strike locates its target, it must
engage enemy CAP fighters in air-to-air
combat before attacking the TF/airfield. After
the strike has attacked the target, there is a
1% chance that the CAP will again engage
the strike. Each CAP fighter group will attack
each strike air group in the following order:
Fighters
Fighter-Bombers
Dive Bombers
Torpedo Bombers
Tac-Bombers
Heavy Bombers
the cannon and durability ratings are compared to determine if the plane is damaged or
destroyed.
AIR-TO-SEA COMBAT
During air to sea combat each bomber group
in the strike will be subjected to flak attack
and then the surviving bombers will select a
target and attack with bombs or torpedoes.
FLAK COMBAT
Task Force Flak Strength is calculated by
adding the flak ratings of each effective gun
in the target TF. The effective flak strength of
a ship is equal to the Number of Guns x Flak
Rating x (100-Ship Damage Level)/100. Flak
is halved between 1700 and 0700 hours. The
amount of flak from airfield AA guns is
reduced 10% per airfield damage level up to
a maximum of 90%. Flak strength of ships is
modified according to the nationality of the
ship and the date of the scenario:
Fighter-bombers that are carrying bombs

may jettison them if engaged in air-to-air
combat. If fighter-bombers receive 33% or
more disruption, then they will jettison their
bombs and perform as escort fighters for the
remainder of the air-to-air combat.
NATIONALITY/DATE
When CAP fighters engage escort fighters,

they will pair off and engage the enemy on a
one to one basis with any excess CAP/Escorts
remaining unengaged (and undisrupted) for
that combat. If there is more than one CAP
group over the target, then an escort fighter
group must engage each of them (one group
at a time).
Flak Combat is resolved for each bomber in

the strike. The bomber is hit if Random
(6000) < Random (Flak Strength). If the aircraft is carrying a torpedo, a hit occurs if
Random (4500) < Random (Flak Strength). If
the aircraft is a heavy bomber, a hit occurs
when Random (25000) < Random (Flak
Strength). For each bomber hit by flak, a roll
is made to determine if the bomber is damaged or destroyed. The bomber is only damaged if Random (100) < Random (Aircraft
In determining which aircraft are hit in air-toair combat, the dogfight ratings and pilot
experience are compared. If a hit is determined,
Japanese Ship
British Ship
USN Ship (Jul-Dec 42)
USN Ship (1943-1944)
FLAK MULTIPLIER
x 0.75
x 1.0
x 1.10
x 1.25
39
Durability); otherwise the bomber is

destroyed. If the bomber is not hit by flak, it
may still be disrupted (see Flak Combat
Disruption on page 38).
SHIP TARGET SELECTION
Ship target selection occurs after flak combat
is concluded. The surviving bombers in the
group break up into sub-groups of four with
each sub-group selecting and attacking a
single ship target. If the number of bombers
in the group is not divisible by four, the last
sub-group will have 1, 2, or 3 bombers. If a
carrier TF is being attacked and a non-carrier
target is selected, then the sub-group will
consist of only one bomber. In the target
selection procedure each ship type is assigned
a Selection Value (SV) as listed below:
SHIP TYPE
CV,CVL
BB,BC
CA,CL,CLAA,CS
DD,DE,APD
AP,AO
SELECTION VALUE
150
15
5
1
4
The chance of any ship being selected as a

target is equal to the SV of the ship divided
by the total SV of the target TF.
SHIP EVASION RATINGS
Ship Evasion Ratings are calculated by multiplying the speed of the target ship (reduced
by damage) times the Ship Evasion Modifier
for that type of ship. Ship Evasion Modifiers
are listed below:
SHIP TYPE
CV,CVL,BB,BC,CS
CA,CL,CLAA
DD,DE,APD
AP,AO
EVASION MODIFIER
x3
x5
x6
x1
40
AIRCRAFT ACCURACY RATINGS

Aircraft Accuracy Ratings must be considered
in the bomb/torpedo hit determination procedure. The higher the Accuracy Rating, the
more accurate the plane type is in delivering
its weapons. The Accuracy Rating for each
type of aircraft are listed below:
AIRCRAFT TYPE
fighter*
fighter-bomber
dive bomber
torpedo bomber
tac-bomber
heavy bomber
patrol bomber
ACCURACY RATINGS
5
9
8
7
1
8
Random (100) > Random (Air Group

Disruption)
Random (Adjusted Accuracy Rating*) >
Random (1000)
WEAPON ACCURACY RATING

Adjusted Accuracy Ratings are calculated by
multiplying the Aircraft Accuracy Rating
above times the Weapon Accuracy Rating of
its bomb or torpedo. The higher the rating,
the more accurate the weapon is. The
Weapon Accuracy Rating is shown below:
Mk-13 Torpedo
Mk.XII Torpedo
Type 91 Torpedo
1000 lb Bomb
500 lb Bomb
250 kg Bomb
HITTING THE TARGET

In order to hit the target, the attacking
bomber must pass 3 different accuracy
checks as listed below:
Random (Pilot Experience) > Random
(Ship Evasion Rating)
* Fighters cannot carry bombs or torpedoes.
WEAPON TYPE
1 point for each bomb carrying aircraft that

preceded it in the strike resolution. A maximum of 10 disruption points will be removed
in this manner.
ACCURACY RATING
22
34
42
60
60
60
COMBINED ARMS EFFECT

Bomb carrying air groups will have their disruption reduced by 1 point for each torpedo
carrying aircraft that preceded it and attacked
in the strike resolution. Torpedo carrying air
groups will have their disruption reduced by
If the bomber fails any of the three tests, the

bomb/torpedo will fail to hit its target.
* Adjusted Accuracy Ratings are calculated by
multiplying the Aircraft Accuracy Rating above
times the Weapon Accuracy Rating of its bomb or
torpedo.
DAMAGE
SHIP DAMAGE
All ships in the game may suffer flotation
damage and fires. Aircraft carriers may suffer
flight deck damage. Ships receive primary
damage whenever they are hit by a torpedo,
bomb, or gun shell. Ships may receive secondary damage from fires or explosions
resulting from fires. Ships may repair their
damage and put out fires during the course
of the game.
ARMOR PENETRATION
Shells, bombs, and torpedoes can cause
much greater damage if they successfully
penetrate a ships armor. An armor penetra-
tion has occurred if Random (Warhead) >

Random (Armor). If the attacking weapon is a
torpedo, then Armor is randomized for the
purpose of determining penetration. The
effects of penetration are covered in the
Primary Damage section. The Warhead and
Armor ratings are listed in the Charts &
Tables on page 77. The Warhead ratings for
aircraft weapons are shown below:
WEAPON TYPE
Mk-13 Torpedo
Mk.XII Torpedo
Type 91 Torpedo
1000 lb Bomb
500 lb Bomb
250 kg Bomb
HE Bomb
WARHEAD RATING
60
39
45
47
24
25
10
PRIMARY DAMAGE
Whenever a ship is hit by any type of
weapon, it will gain 1 flotation damage point
before any other factors are checked. Carriers
will receive 1 point of flight deck damage if
Random (100) < Warhead.
If the warhead penetrates the armor, the ship
will receive the following additional flotation
damage: Random (Warhead) x Random (40) /
Durability
There is a 5% chance that any penetration
will be a critical hit. Critical hits will cause
the above flotation damage to be doubled
and an additional Random (20) fire points to
be added.
If the flotation damage for one hit exceeds
33, then the damage for that hit will be
reduced to 33 and an additional Random (10)
fire points will be added.
41
A ships flotation damage level will never

exceed 99. A damage level of 99 means the
ship is sinking.
STARTING FIRES
Fires may be started whenever a ship
receives a hit. When a hit occurs, three fire
checks will be made before armor penetration
is determined:
If Random (150) < Warhead then add 1 fire.
If Random (300) < Warhead then add 2 fires.
If Random (450) < Warhead then add 3 fires.
The effects of these three checks are cumulative; thus it is possible to add 6 fire points to
a ship without penetrating its armor.
Additional fires may start if the armor is penetrated or if the ship is a carrier with readied
aircraft aboard. Existing fires may spread and
cause additional damage or explosions during the Repair Phase.
SPECIAL CARRIER DAMAGE
When an aircraft carrier is hit, the air groups
aboard the carrier may suffer casualties. For
each air group aboard the carrier there is a
33% chance of being hit. If a group is hit,
then the ready, fueled, empty, and unready
aircraft in that group may be affected as
shown below:
If an air group is hit and the group has
ready aircraft on deck, then 1/3 of those aircraft will be destroyed and 1/6 of the aircraft
will be damaged. For each aircraft destroyed
or damaged in this manner, 1 fire point will
be added and there is a 33% chance that 1
point of flight deck damage will be added.
fueled aircraft in the hangar, then 1/3 of
those aircraft will be destroyed and 1/6 of
42
them will be damaged. For each aircraft

destroyed or damaged in this manner, 1 fire
point will be added and there is a 33%
chance that 1 point of flight deck damage will
be added.
empty aircraft in the hangar, then 1/20 of
those aircraft will be destroyed and 1/20 will
be damaged. No fires or flight deck damage
will be added when empty aircraft are
destroyed. If the group is hit and there are
unready aircraft on deck (aircraft that have
just landed), then 1/20 of those aircraft will
be destroyed and 1/20 will be damaged. No
fires or flight deck damage will be added
when unready aircraft are destroyed.
Air Combat Mission Change

If an Air Combat TFs carriers are all sunk,
then the TFs Air Combat mission will be
changed to a Surface Combat mission.
SECONDARY DAMAGE
Ships with fires raging on board may receive
secondary damage during the Repair Phase
of each turn. Ships with fires must first check
to see if an Explosion has resulted. An
Explosion will occur:
if Random (100) < Fire during May and
June 1942
if Random (175) < Fire during July
through December 1942
if Random (250) < Fire during 1943 and 1944
if Random (100) < Fire during 1944 for
Japanese Ships only
When an explosion occurs the ship will suffer damage similar to a 1000 lb bomb hit but
with an additional 5 + Random (15) fires
being added.
Ships with fires burning will receive at least 1

flotation damage point each Repair Phase. If
Random (100) < Fire, the ship will receive an
additional flotation damage point.
If a carrier has fires burning, then the ship
will suffer an additional point of flight deck
damage if:
Random (100) < Flotation Damage.
CRIPPLED SHIPS
Ships with greater than 66% flotation damage are considered as crippled. Crippled
ships will be automatically detached from
their TF and move towards their home base.
Crippled ships must continue towards their
base even if their damage is repaired below
the crippled level. One or two destroyers will
usually be detached to escort the crippled
ship. Crippled aircraft carriers may not perform Flight Operations.
Scuttling Crippled Ships

You may scuttle any ship that has greater
than 50% flotation damage. To scuttle a ship
in the current TF, press the G key or click
the right mouse button to list the ships in the
TF. Select the ship you wish to scuttle. A
(S)cuttle Ship message will appear at the
bottom of the ship display. Press the S key
or place the mouse pointer over the (S) on
the display and click the left mouse button. A
Scuttle Ship Y/N question will be displayed. You must press the Y key to confirm your desire to sink the ship. Scuttling a
ship will give the enemy points for the ship
being sunk. However, some advantages to
scuttling heavily damaged ships are that the
TF will move faster, a small TF that was
detached to escort the ship will not be a sitting duck as it travels to its home base, and
you could merge the remaining ships of a
detached TF into an existing TF without any

loss in speed due to a heavily damaged ship.
AIRFIELD DAMAGE
Airfields may be damaged by either naval or
air bombardment. Damage for each type of
attack is described below.
DAMAGE FROM NAVAL BOMBARDMENT
During the Naval Bombardment Phase, any
Bombardment TF which is in its destination
hex, will automatically bombard the enemy
airfield. During naval bombardment the four
largest ships in the bombarding TF will fire
each of their primary guns four times. Each
four shot salvo will land randomly in the target area. If the shot lands on some critical
point of the airfield, then airfield or aircraft
damage points will be added. The number of
damage points added will vary with the size
of the gun being fired. After the bombardment is completed, the level of airfield damage and the number of aircraft destroyed will
be calculated. Ships firing during a naval
bombardment will spend 2 ammunition
points.
DAMAGE FROM AIR BOMBARDMENT
For airfield bombing attacks, the number of
bombers that successfully release their
bombs in the target area is equal to:
Total Bombers x (100-Disruption)/100 x
Bomber Experience/100
If the bomber is carrying HE Bombs, 500 lb
Bombs, or 250 kg Bombs, then the number
of bombs released is equal to the bombers
load rating divided by 5. If the bomber is carrying 1000 lb bombs, then the number
released is equal to the bombers load rating
divided by 10. The bombs will land randomly
43
in the target area. If the bomb lands on some

critical point of the airfield, then airfield or
aircraft damage points will be added. The
number of damage points added will vary
with the size and type of the bomb. HE
bombs will cause twice as much damage to
aircraft and buildings and half as much damage to runways compared to 500 lb or 250 kg
AP bombs. After the bombing is completed,
the level of airfield damage and the number
of aircraft destroyed will be calculated.
SURFACE COMBAT
Surface combat may occur when Surface
Combat or Bombardment TFs occupy the
same hex as an enemy TF. For surface combat to occur a Surface Combat or Bombardment TF must be eligible to initiate the combat. Surface combat may not be initiated by a
TF if any of the following is true:
The TF is retiring due to mission completion, crippled ships, or a General Withdrawal
ordered by the Supreme Commander.
One or more of the ships in the TF has less
than 6 ammunition points remaining.
The TF was disrupted by an air strike on
the previous turn.
SURFACE COMBAT RESOLUTION
Surface combat consists of one or more
rounds in which each ship has a chance to
fire. When surface combat begins, a starting
range will be determined. During daylight
turns the starting range will be equal to 20 +
Random (15). During night turns the starting
range will be 5+Random (15). After each
round of combat, the range will be adjusted
and another round will be fought if the TFs
are still in range. During daylight the maximum range is 35 (thousand yards). During
the night the maximum range is 20.
44
Between rounds the new range is determined

by comparing the convergence speed of the
initiating TF with the withdrawal speed of the
defending TF. If the convergence speed is
greater than the withdrawal speed, then the
new range will be less than the previous
range. If the withdrawal speed is greater than
the convergence speed, then the new range
will be greater. If both TFs in a surface combat were eligible to initiate the combat, then
both TFs will try to converge. The maximum
range change between rounds is 10.
Example: A Surface Combat TF with a

speed of 25 engages a Transport TF with a
speed of 18 at a range of 22 for round 1. The
range for round 2 would be 15 (22-25+18).
During each round of combat the ships will
pair off and fire at their opponents ships on a
one for one basis. Any extra ships in the
larger TF will select the best (usually the
biggest) ship in the smaller TF. Ships will
fire only those weapons that are in range of
the enemy TF. Ships will spend 1 ammunition
point each time their main guns are fired.
Ships with torpedoes remaining will fire and
expend one torpedo salvo each round. A torpedo salvo will consist of all, one half, or one
forth of the total torpedoes a ship starts the
scenario with. Listed below are the types of
ships and numbers of salvoes they may fire:
JAPANESE SHIPS
CA
CL
DD
DE
# SALVOES ALLIED SHIPS # SALVOES
4
2
2
2
CL
CLAA
DD
2
2
1
Note: Most Japanese cruisers and destroyers carried extra torpedoes and had the ability to reload during a battle.
After one or more rounds of combat, the initiating TF may be forced to try to disengage.
When this happens both of the TF will
diverge at the maximum rate. The following
factors will cause the initiating TF to disengage:
Any ship in the TF has less than 6 ammunition points after firing.
The range falls below 5 for a night battle or
10 for a daylight battle.
One or more ships in the initiating TF is
sunk.
NAVAL BOMBARDMENT
During the Naval Bombardment Phase, any
Bombardment TF which is in its mission
destination hex will automatically bombard
the enemy airfield. During naval bombardment the four largest ships in the bombarding TF will fire each of their primary guns
four times. Each four shot salvo will land
randomly in the target area. If the shot lands
on some critical point of the airfield, then
airfield or aircraft damage points will be
added. The number of damage points added
will vary with the size of the gun being fired.
After the bombardment is completed, the
level of airfield damage and the number of
aircraft destroyed will be calculated. Ships
firing during a naval bombardment will
spend 2 ammunition points.
UNLOADING TRANSPORTS
During the Unloading Transports Phase, any
transport which is in its mission destination
hex will automatically unload one point of
cargo per turn. A TF which is unloading has
its movement points set to zero, which means
the transport will not leave the hex until it has
unloaded all of its cargo. Depending upon
the transport it may take up to three days to

unload all the cargo. Mission points for
unloading transports are still awarded to the
player as long as the transports are unloading at the end of the battle.
SUBMARINE COMBAT
Submarine attacks may happen at the end of
each Execution Phase. Submarines for both
sides are controlled by the computer.
Submarines will never be displayed on the
map. When a submarine contacts a TF, it will
select a target and fire a spread of torpedoes.
The submarine may then be attacked by
destroyers in the TF.
The following factors will reduce the threat of
enemy submarines:
fast TFs will be harder to contact
fast ships will be harder to hit
more search planes will make a TF harder
to contact (nearby submarines must dive to
avoid detection)
moving in open sea hexes will make the TF
harder to contact
more destroyers will make the target
harder to hit and increase the chance of damaging or destroying the submarine
night turns will make a TF harder to contact
Following each submarine attack the destroyers in the TF will counterattack. Points will be
scored for each submarine damaged or
destroyed.
45
46
Use the up arrow, down arrow, 2, or 8

keys to move around the menu. Press the
<ENTER> key to select the highlighted
choice. Using the mouse place the pointer in
one of the boxes and click the left mouse
button. Next place the pointer in the ACCEPT
button box and click the left mouse button.
GENERAL WITHDRAWAL
END OF BATTLE
You are assigned the critical role of commanding your nations naval forces. If you
suffer heavy carrier losses or your missions
are completed or aborted, your navys
Supreme Commander may order a General
Withdrawal. When a General Withdrawal has
been ordered, you can no longer control the
movement of your TFs though you may still
control their Flight Operations. When a
General Withdrawal has been ordered, all of
your TFs will automatically retire towards
their home port.
A battle will end if any of the following conditions are met:
The following factors may cause a players

forces to automatically withdraw from the
battle area:
When a player selects DECLINE before

0500 on the first day of a battle.
SAVE allows you to save your game at this

point. Press the letter (a-e) or place the
mouse pointer over one of the button boxes
labeled (a-e) and click the left mouse button
in order to save the game. You will return to
the above menu.
The End of Battle screens will be displayed

showing the following information:
SHOW LOSSES allows you to see the

losses for the battle as described below:
Date and Time
Japanese aircraft destroyed for each aircraft type for the current battle and the campaign
The player successfully completes a transport mission. This is accomplished by

unloading 75% of his transport points.
The player scores 100 mission points for
bombing/bombarding enemy bases. This will
only result in a withdrawal if the player was
not attempting a transport mission during the
battle.
The player has fewer than 75 operational
aircraft on his carriers after 2200 hours.
The player has no operational fleet carriers
and less than 3 light carriers remaining.
More than one half of the players carrier
strength has been critically damaged. A carrier is considered to be critically damaged if
Flotation Damage + Flight Deck Damage x 10
is greater than 50.
it is between 0200 and 0400 on the 4th day.

it is between 0200 and 0400 when either
player is withdrawing.
it is after 2200 when both players are withdrawing.
When a player selects EARLY END and
there are no strikes in the air and one of the
players is withdrawing.
Japanese Mission Points for the battle and

the campaign
Japanese Damage Points for the battle and
the campaign
NEW BATTLE allows you to begin a new

battle for the next month.
Allied aircraft destroyed for each aircraft

type for the current battle and the campaign
Allied Mission Points for the battle and the

campaign
Press a key or click the mouse button to continue to the next menu which gives you the
following information:
Allied Damage Points for the battle and the

campaign
Japanese ships sunk and damaged
Press a key or click the mouse button to continue to the next menu which gives you the
options listed next in the Home Port Phase.
Date and Time
HOME PORT PHASE

NEW BATTLE
SAVE
SHOW LOSSES
END CAMPAIGN
ACCEPT
Allied ships sunk and damaged

the campaign
the campaign
campaign

campaign
Press a key or click the mouse button to continue to the main menu above.
END CAMPAIGN allows you to end the
game. The following information will be displayed:
Japanese Total Points (Mission plus
Damage)
Japanese screen display showing both
normal carriers and burning carriers (for
those that were sunk)
Allied Total Points (Mission plus Damage)
Allied screen display showing both normal
carriers and burning carriers (for those that
were sunk)
Date and Time
the campaign
the campaign
campaign
campaign
Pressing a key or mouse button will return
you to DOS.
ACCEPT allows you to carry out the choice
you have highlighted above. Press the
<Enter> key or place the mouse pointer in the
ACCEPT box and click the left mouse button.
47
REPAIR PHASE
SHIP REPAIRS
During each Repair Phase a ship may repair
a maximum of 1 flotation damage point and
put out a maximum of 1 fire. Carriers may
repair a maximum of 1 flight deck damage
point.
A ship will repair 1 flotation damage point if
Random (200) < Flotation Damage. A ship
will put out 1 fire if Random (150) > Flotation
Damage. A carrier will always repair 1 flight
deck damage point per turn.
AIRCRAFT REPAIRS
Damaged aircraft may be repaired during the
2200, 2220, 2240, 2300, 2320, and 2340
game turns. Each air group may repair 1 aircraft per turn; a maximum of 6 aircraft may
be repaired during the night.
AIRFIELD REPAIRS
One airfield damage point will be repaired
every six hours. Repairs will occur at 0000,
0600, 1200, and 1800 hours.
SCORING
The scoring system is divided in two categories: Mission Points and Damage Points.
Mission Points are scored for successfully
unloading transports and bombing or bombarding enemy airfields. Damage Points are
scored for damaging or sinking enemy ships.
1. One Mission Point is scored for each cargo
point unloaded at a Transport TFs destination.
2. Ten Mission Points are scored for each
enemy airfield damage level that occurs during the battle. If the airfield is Port Moresby,
48
Henderson Field, or Rabaul, then 25 Mission

Points per damage level will be scored.
Airfield damage may be caused by either
Naval or Air Bombardment.
3. When playing a Campaign, a player will
score 1000 Mission Points if his opponent is
unable to fight that month due to shortage of
aircraft carriers. A player will score 1000
Mission Points if his opponent declines the
battle.
4. If your opponent declines the battle or you
choose Early End when your Bombardment TF
is not withdrawing and the enemy is withdrawing, then you receive the following mission points: 30 points per BB; 20 points per
CA, CL, and CLAA; and 10 points per DD.
5. If your opponent declines the battle or you
choose Early End and your Transports are not
withdrawing, you will receive 1 mission point
for every cargo point in your Transport TF.
6. Damage Points equal to Capacity x 10 will
be scored for sinking an enemy aircraft carrier. Damage points equal to Durability x 2
will be scored for sinking an enemy combat
ship. Damage Points equal to Durability will
be scored for sinking an enemy auxiliary ship.
7. Damage Points equal to Durability x
Damage / 100 will be scored for damaging
an enemy ship.
8. If you outscore your opponent by at least
one point, you will receive a Marginal Victory.
If you outscore your opponent by a 2-1 margin, you will receive a Decisive Victory. If the
score is equal, the Japanese win a Marginal
Victory. If your opponent outscores you by at
least one point, he will receive a Marginal
Victory. If your opponent outscores you by a
2-1 margin, he will receive a Decisive Victory.
CAMPAIGN PROGRESS
TUTORIAL
Campaign progress can be measured by the

construction of Allied bases in the South
Pacific area. Japanese success in completing
missions and preventing the Allies from
completing their missions may delay the
Allied advance. The following will affect the
delay in Allied progress:
Following is a detailed description of a few

game turns of CARRIER STRIKE. It is assumed
that you have already installed the game and
have gone through the opening screens and
are at the Setup Menu. Although the tutorial
will assume you are playing with a mouse,
the corresponding keyboard commands will
also be noted in parentheses.
add 1 month delay if the Japanese complete a transport mission.

add 1 month delay if the Japanese score
100 mission points for bombarding airfields
and no Japanese transport missions were
attempted.
add 1 month delay if a month is skipped
because Allied carriers are unavailable.
subtract 1 month delay if the Allies complete a transport mission.
subtract 1 month delay if the Allies score
100 mission points for bombarding airfields
and no Allied transport missions were
attempted.
subtract 1 month delay if a month is
skipped because Japanese carriers are
unavailable.
At the Setup Menu place the mouse pointer

over the box labeled Midway and click the
left mouse button (press the down arrow or
2 key once). Move the mouse pointer over
to the ACCEPT box and press the left button
(press <Enter> key). You will now be playing
the Midway scenario against the Japanese
computer at the Even Help level.
The Sound/Delay Menu will now be displayed. Place the mouse pointer over the box
labeled HIGH and click the left button (press
the right arrow or 6 key once and then
press the down arrow or 2 key three times).
Place the mouse pointer over the ACCEPT
box and click the left button (press <Enter>
key).
The randomized battle screen should now be
displayed. Place the mouse pointer over the
NO box and click the left button (press N
key).
You should now see the Allied Top Secret
screen. Click the right button (press the space
bar). Next is displayed your mission for the
battle which is to engage enemy forces operating in the Midway area. Click the right button (press the space bar) to continue.
49
The Options Menu is now displayed. Place

the pointer over ORDERS and click the left
button (press the up arrow or 8 key three
times). Place the pointer over ACCEPT and
click the left button (press <Enter> key).
The map is displayed with the cursor on top
of a double ship icon. The text window
shows that you are in TF MODE with the cursor at location 50, 25. The cursor is currently
over TF51 which is an Air Combat TF comprised of two aircraft carriers. At the far right
is a compass showing you that your TF is
heading west. Since you have a double ship
icon you know there is at least another TF in
the hex. Place the pointer over STAK and
click the left button (press the space bar).
TF52 which also is an Air Combat TF comes
up. Click the left button again (press space
bar) to return you to TF51.
Place the pointer over the carrier picture
labeled A and click the left button (press
A key). The Flight Operations Display for
the carrier Enterprise is displayed. At the left
are four Air Groups labeled as shown below:
A Fighter 6 F4F Wildcat
B Scout 6 SBD Dauntless
C Bomber 6 SBD Dauntless
D Torpedo 6 TBD Devastator
Currently the A Fighter 6 planes and Air
Group box are in white showing you these
are the planes that you can now access.
Place the pointer over the B Scout 6 box
and click the left button (press B key). The
B Scout 6 box now turns white and a different group of planes turns white. Press the ?
key to see the keyboard commands for the
50
various boxes. Place the pointer over the

middle box with 2 up arrows labeled R and
click the left button (press R key). Nineteen
planes of the Scout 6 Air Group just moved
to the top hangar area. The planes have just
been fueled. Note that the Fuel Operations
clock is over half used. Place the pointer in
the ORD box and click the left button (press
Y key). To the right of the ORD box is the
weapons box which now shows a picture of a
500 lb bomb. Note that the Scout 6 Air Group
box also displays the 500 lb bomb. Click the
left button again (press Y key). HE bombs
now appear in both areas. You have now
armed your nineteen planes with HE
weapons. Place the pointer back over the A
Fighter 6 Air Group box and click the left button (press A key). Place the pointer over
the rightmost box on the hangar deck marked
with one up arrow with E in the box. Click
the left button (press E key). One white
fighter plane was just fueled and moved to
the top hangar area. Click the left button six
more times (press E six more times) to
bring an additional six fighters up to the top
hangar area. Place the pointer over the ESC
box and press the left button (press ESC key).
You are now back to the map. Place the
pointer over the ZOOM box and click the left
button (press the F1 key). You will now see
the map scale change so you can see much
more of the map. Place the pointer over the
American flag near the bottom of the screen
and click the left button (use the down arrow
or 2 key to move the cursor). The text window should show the cursor at LOC: 50 35
over the island of Midway. In the text window
is also displayed AF:50 which means that
Midway can launch up to 50 planes in any
one turn from the airfield. Press the left
mouse button. You will see the Unit Menu

displayed. Place the pointer over DISP AF
and click the left button (press F key).
You will now see the airfield display of its Air
Groups listed from A-J. Place the pointer
over the H next to Patrol Sqn 23 and click
the left button (press H key). You will now
see the details of Patrol Sqn 23. Press the
right button twice (press ESC or space bar
twice) to exit the last two window displays.
Place the pointer over the ESC box on the
map display and click the left button (press
Q key). The Options Menu should now be
displayed. Place the pointer in the END
TURN box and click the left button (press the
down arrow or 2 key). Place the pointer
over the ACCEPT box and click the left button (press <Enter> key) in order to end your
turn. You will see various messages appear
on the screen until your next turn.
Place the pointer in the ORDERS box in the
Options Menu and press the left button if
ORDERS is not already highlighted in yellow.
Place the pointer over the ACCEPT box and
press the left button (press the <Enter> key).
It is now the 0440 turn.
TF51 should be shown on the map with the
cursor over it. Place the pointer in the SW
quadrant on the compass, which is located to
the far right side of the text window. Click the
left button (press the < key). The white
pointer which shows which direction the TF
is moving in should now be in the SW quadrant. Place the pointer over the carrier picture
labeled A and click the left button (press
A key).
You should be in the Enterprises Flight

Operations Display. Press the ? key to toggle the keyboard commands. Place the
pointer in the box labeled << with the I
command. Click the left button (press the I
key). Note that the Flight Operations and the
Elevator Up clocks are in about the 2 oclock
position. Place the pointer in the box with 2
up arrows with the R command and click
the left button (press R key). Place the
pointer in the B Scout 6 Air Group box and
click the left button (press B key). Place the
pointer in the box labeled << with the I
command. Click the left button (press the I
key). Place the pointer over the ESC box and
press the left button (press ESC key).
down arrow or 2 key). Place the pointer
over the ACCEPT box and click the left button (press <Enter> key) to end your 0440
turn.
The Options Menu should now be displayed.
Place the pointer in the END TURN box and
click the left button (press the down arrow or
2 key). Place the pointer over the ACCEPT
key) to end your turn without going through
the 0500 Orders Phase.
51
It is now the 0520 turn. Place the pointer

over the carrier picture labeled A and click
the left button (press A key). You should be
in the Enterprises Flight Operations Display.
Press the ? key to toggle the keyboard
commands. Place the pointer in the box
labeled MIS with the H command. Click the
left button (press the H key). You should
see the Mission Display box appear with
mission: CAP, Flight 6, F4F Wildcat x 0.
Place the pointer in the box with 2 up arrows
with the ] command and click the left button (press ] key). You should get a message about TF turning into the wind (unless
the random wind direction is in the SW
quadrant). Seven of the F4F Wildcats have
just been launched on CAP. Place the pointer
in the B Scout 6 Air Group box and click
the left button (press B key). Place the
pointer in the box labeled MIS with the H
command. Click the left button (press the H
key). The Mission Display box should now
show mission: Search, flight: 7, SBD
Dauntless x 0. Press the ? key again. You
should also see a SET-DIR box with S in
the box on the left side of the screen. Place
the pointer over the one arrow box with [ in
the box and click the left button 8 times
(press [ key 8 times) to launch 8 SBD
Dauntless planes. Now place the pointer over
the SET-DIR box and click the left button
(press the S key).
The Set Search Direction Display will now
come up showing the map with TF51 having
a yellow search vector (angle) pointing to the
NW. Place the pointer in the << box and click
the button three times (press the < key
52
three times) to move the yellow pointer into a

SW direction. With a mouse an easier
method of setting the search direction vector
is to place the pointer on the map in the
direction you wish and click the left button.
The yellow vector will move to the new location. Note: A Japanese player having float
planes can launch them at this time by placing the pointer over LNCH and clicking the
left button (press F key). Place the pointer
over the ESC box and press the left button
(press ESC key). You should now be back to
the Flight Operations Display. Place the
pointer over the ESC box and press the left
button (press ESC key).
down arrow or 2 key). Place the pointer over
the ACCEPT box and click the left button
(press <Enter> key) to end your 0520 turn.
The Options Menu should now be displayed.
Place the pointer in the END TURN box and
click the left button (press the down arrow or
2 key). Place the pointer over the ACCEPT
key) to end your turn without going through
the 0540 Orders Phase.
It is now the 0600 turn. TF51 should be
shown on the map with the cursor over it.
Place the pointer in the SW quadrant on the
compass and click the left button (press the

< key). The white pointer should now be in
the SW quadrant. Place the pointer over TF51
on the map and click the left button. The Unit
Menu should come up. Place the pointer
over DISP TF SEARCH and click the left button (press S key). You will now see 8 white
search vectors which show the path each of
the 8 SBD Dauntless planes are taking. Press
the right button (press any key) to exit the
display.
Using the mouse place the pointer in the
MODE box and click the left button. The text
window should say MODE: CAP and a F3CAP with 6 planes box should appear in the
right side of the text window. Place the
pointer in the F3-CAP box and click the left
button. If you are using the keyboard just
press F3. You should see TF51s CAP on the
screen which contains 7 F4F Wildcats from
Fighter 6. To land the CAP place the pointer
over the A next to Fighter 6 and click the
left button (press A key). The Flight
Operations Menu now appears. Press the ?
key. To land all the CAP place the pointer
over the box labeled >> with a E in the
box and click the left button (press E). Your
planes should now be on the flight deck.
Press the right button (press ESC or space
bar) to exit the display.
displayed. Place the pointer in the END TURN
box and click the left button (press the down
arrow or 2 key). Place the pointer over the
ACCEPT box and click the left button (press
<Enter> key) to end your 0600 turn.
In the Execution Phase Japanese carrier aircraft attacked Midway. Search planes from
Midway and TF51 supposedly located two
enemy TFs.
It is now the 0620 turn. Note: Due to the
games randomization your game may be
slightly different. If you have not sighted a
Japanese TF by now, end the turn and keep
doing so until you sight one. An Allied Strike
icon is a few hexes from Midway. Using a
mouse place the pointer over the MODE box
and click the left button twice to put you in
MODE: STRIKE. Place the pointer over the
Strike icon and click the left button. Now
click the right button (press E key) to display the planes in the strike. Click the right
button (press ESC or space bar) to exit the
display. You will now see a view of the
planes in the strike. Click the right button
(press ESC or space bar) to exit.
Place the pointer in the MODE box and click
until MODE: TF appears. Place the pointer or
move the cursor to TF51. Click the left
mouse button. In the Flight Operations
Display place the pointer in the B Scout 6
Air Group box and click the left button (press
B key). Press the ? key. Place the pointer
in the box labeled MIS with the H command. Click the left button twice (press the
53
54
H key twice). The Mission Display box

should now show mission: Strike, flight
14:51, SBD Dauntless x 0: 0. Place the
pointer over the two up arrow box with ] in
the box and click the left button (press ]
key) to launch 11 SBD Dauntless planes.
Next press the ? key. Place the pointer in
the TGT-TF box and click the left button
(press S key). The Target Display comes
up. Place the pointer over A the first target
in the list and click the left button (press A
key). Press the right button (ESC or space
bar) to exit. Again you may press the right
button (ESC or space bar) to exit the Flight
Operations Display to the map display.
the start of a battle about the enemys location, strength, or intentions. The scenarios
are not totally random. The battles are fought
with ships and planes that are available at the
time period of the battle.
In this tutorial you have only accessed a

small fraction of the numerous available
commands. The major game functions
revolve around sending out searches, putting
up CAP for defense, and sending out strikes
as covered in the tutorial. To get into the
game quickly review the various menus
available and if need be the explanations
concerning their use.
SEARCH OPERATIONS
DESIGNERS NOTES
CARRIER STRIKE was designed to provide an
infinite number of random carrier battles
that can be linked together as a two year
historical campaign. The random factor is
crucial in creating an authentic fog of war.
You can only fight the battle of Midway so
many times before all of the mystery is eliminated. In CARRIER STRIKE you are never sure at
THE CAMPAIGN
Except for Marianas, all of the scenarios
included in the game may be used as starting
points for a Campaign Game. The campaign
allows you to fight up to one battle a month
until the June 1944 ending. Ships sunk or
damaged in battle will be unavailable later in
the campaign. You cannot afford to use your
ships like theres no tomorrow.
The program simplifies the task of assigning

search missions. You select which planes
will be launched on search missions and
then set a search direction. The computer
staff officer then assigns each plane to a
specific search vector.
Historically search planes were quite efficient
at locating enemy Task Forces during clear
weather. There were frequent failures, however, in reporting the type, strength, and
location of enemy forces to the carrier force
commander. Many search reports were transmitted but not received by the carrier commanders. Other reports were garbled in ways
that created confusion over the location or
type of ships sighted. Search pilots frequently miscalculated their location when flying over open sea.
CARRIER STRIKE attempts to simulate search
report confusion in three ways. First there is
a 33% chance that you will not receive a
report. Second, there is a chance that the

search pilot will see a carrier in a non-carrier
Task Force. Third, the pilot will report a
dummy Task Force that is the mirror image
of a real Task Force in a different location.
Dummy TFs will be removed after two or
three passes by search planes.
AIR STRIKES
The best laid plans often run astray or
Murphys law rules supreme. The system
for resolving air strikes against enemy ships
contains so much luck that almost anything
can happen. Your intentions are most frequently foiled when your strikes encounter
the wrong enemy TF. Large strikes of 60 or
more aircraft may split up, with some groups
attacking the wrong TF while the rest continue towards the desired target. Strikes of
100 or more aircraft may split up several
times while flying towards their target.
Smaller strikes will not split up but the whole
strike may attack the wrong target.
GENERAL WITHDRAWAL
The General Withdrawal rule was placed into
the game to help further simulate the actual
conditions that existed during wartime. Most
players usually play over aggressively in
wargame simulations which tends to lead to
excessive casualties and produce ahistorical
results. Eliminating the entire enemy carrier
force would lead to a fast and rather boring
Campaign Game with some months being
skipped due to the lack of enemy carriers.
STRATEGY AND TACTICS

STRATEGY NOTES FOR THE
CAMPAIGN GAME
ALLIED PLAYER STRATEGY
As the Allied player you start in May 1942
with two major disadvantages. You are outnumbered in carriers and both your pilots
and planes are not as good as the Japanese.
Your main advantages lay in the fact that
your carriers one for one match up well with
the Japanese, you have radar before they do,
and your defensive posture may allow you to
use land-based planes (especially at
Midway) to offset your numerical disadvantage. Although Midway will always be a maximum effort by both sides, you must hope
that the early battles are small ones (such as
the historical Coral Sea battle) where your
larger carriers should have the advantage.
Also your radar advantage in May, June, and
July may allow you to score a big victory as
was done historically at Midway. However,
do not be afraid to decline a battle if your
early carrier losses force you into a battle
where you expect to be outnumbered in fleet
carriers by 2-1. Always keep in mind that
your reinforcements and ever increasing
technological superiority will eventually give
you advantages that the Japanese cannot
match. Do not forget about your overall mission as you play since victory points include
mission points as well. Try to concentrate on
one enemy TF at a time. Large or continuous
strikes weaken enemy CAP and increase the
percentage of friendly survivors in each strike.
Usually priority will be given to destroying
enemy Air Combat TFs, however, in certain
situations Transport and Bombardment TFs
become very important for scoring purposes.
55
JAPANESE PLAYER STRATEGY

As the Japanese player you must make the
most of your early numerical and qualitative
advantage. During 1942 you will only face
six Allied carriers. Your goal must be their
early destruction, for if you are successful,
you stand a good chance of sweeping the
Allied navy from the South Pacific for several
months, or forcing the Allied player to fight
several battles at an extreme disadvantage. If
this happens you will be able to delay the
Allied base construction program and possibly reduce the impact of Allied land based air
power. You should always concentrate on
sinking Allied carriers. If you have sunk
enough of the Allied carriers, you may be
able to keep your numerical advantage into
mid 1943. By this time improved Allied
planes and flak along with the arrival of several new Allied carriers will no doubt shift the
initiative to the Allies. By 1944 all you can
usually hope to do is show up and with luck
sink an Allied carrier. This is the point at
which you must be willing to decline battles
in which the possible loss of carriers will
outweigh any possible reward. The key to
Japanese success is in scoring points in
1942 by defeating those first 6 Allied carriers.
Only if this is accomplished can you hope to
build a sufficient lead in victory points to
survive the impending Allied onslaught. Do
not forget about the overall mission you are
assigned since total victory points includes
mission points. Another strategy you may
use if you have scored well in 1942 is to go
after the Allied transports and keep your CVs
floating. Gaining the mission points and
keeping your damage points down may give
you enough points for a victory.
56
TACTICAL NOTES
SEARCHING FOR ENEMY TF
Finding the enemy is the first step in any carrier engagement and a full search effort
should be well underway by 0600 each day.
As the Japanese player you have a distinct
advantage in this area due to the ability to
use float planes, thus saving carrier bombers
for combat while the Allied player is forced to
send carrier planes (SBDs in 1942) to find
the enemy. Two Japanese Task Forces each
with 8-12 float planes is more than sufficient
to set up a good search pattern. Players
should work towards setting up a search pattern that covers a 135 to 180 degree arc away
from friendly carriers. In two turns two
Japanese Task Forces can usually launch 1618 planes in such a way to cover this area.
When playing on the South Pacific map during randomly generated battles, it is a good
bet that the Allied player is going to be either
south, southeast, or east of your position at
the beginning of the battle (when fighting in
early to mid 1942 they may be to the southwest). Thus a 180 degree arc should be more
than sufficient (beware of surprises at
Midway). Be sure to keep enough float
planes in reserve so that you can dispatch
follow up patrols to check out any reported
spotting. Be sure to check up on your search
planes, for if search planes begin to disappear you can bet that they have flown over
enemy carriers and have been shot down by
CAP. If this happens immediately send several new search patrols to the area. If you are
unlucky enough to not have more than one
Task Force capable of launching float planes
you should consider using 5-10 divebombers from a carrier to augment your
search. Remember that before you have radar
it is essential that you spot the Allied carriers

groups before they spot you. As the Allied
player you face a more difficult time in that
you will be forced to allocate carrier planes
for search. If you do not have a good landbased search capability (i.e. Midway or
Henderson Field) you may be forced to use
as many as 15-20 carrier planes to set up
your 135-180 degree search arc. Take advantage of radar contacts of enemy strikes as
they may tell you in which direction to search
(of course by that time it may be too late!) It
is better to use a few extra planes on search
in order to find the enemy than to skimp on
search planes and find yourself receiving an
unanswered first strike. Due to inaccurate
search reports, both sides must be ready to
follow up their first search planes with additional planes as needed to verify the initial
information received. It is probably best not
to arm your search planes as it is not very
likely the plane will do any damage; this will
allow you to cover more territory faster and
give you a greater range to search.
HIDING FROM THE ENEMY
If at all possible try to keep your TFs out of
coastal and restricted hexes which gives the
enemy an increased chance to spot your
force. Use cloud cover whenever possible to
avoid detection, especially if you are spotted
already. If detected and you know the location of the enemy TF, check the range. If you
are at a disadvantage, moving away from the
enemy TF may put you out of range. Try not
to recall strikes as your location could be
given away.
OPTIMUM ENGAGEMENT RANGES

Early in the war the Japanese enjoy a range
advantage which sometimes can be used to
great effect. Japanese planes can easily strike
targets up to 200 miles away while having a
chance of engaging enemy forces up to 250
miles away (even further if the enemy is moving towards you since a Task Force can move
almost 100 miles in the time in which it takes
a strike to form up, move 250 miles, and
locate its target). Allied planes in 1942 can
strike targets up to 175-200 miles away with
1000 pound bombs (use 500 pound bombs
only when at extreme range) but TBDs will
need luck to hit anything greater than 125
miles away. Thus the Japanese player is usually best advised to strike at targets 200-225
miles away and then turn away from the
enemy and attempt to outrun any counterattack. The Allied player must attempt to close
the range and engage at distances of 100150 miles. If the range to the enemy TF is
close, the Allied player should use 1000 lb
bombs to inflict maximum damage. As the
war progresses both sides will receive new
planes with slightly longer ranges, but the
Japanese range advantage will remain with
50 miles added to the ranges given above.
AIRCRAFT MANAGEMENT
A carrier commanders goals are simple and
yet often in conflict with each other. You
must be able to launch large airstrikes at
enemy carriers as soon as they are spotted,
while minimizing the possibility of being
caught with fueled and armed airplanes on
your carriers. Each morning after launching
1/3 to 2/3 of your fighters on CAP and any
bombers on search missions, your next decisions involve determining if you will keep
ESPIRITU SANTO
NOENI
61
51
40
1
43
49
39
28
22
64
TULAGI
MUNDA
PORT MORESBY
TOWNSVILLE
DOBODURA
MILNE BAY
KIRIWINA
LAE
CHARTER TOWERS
TOROKINA
SHORTLAND
BUIN
BUKA IS.
RABAUL
GREEN IS.
KAVIENG
EMIRAU IS.
MANUS IS.
Note: Numbers in the

Range Table refer to the
range (in hexes) between
the two bases.
TASSAFARONGA
44
34
23
37
79
73
52
55
55
97
TOWNSVILLE
PORT MORESBY
MILNE BAY
HENDERSON FIELD
ESPIRITU SANTO
HENDERSON FIELD
34
13
21
58
100
51
41
30
28
70
BUKA IS.
RABAUL
TRUK
RANGE
RANGE TABLE
TABLE
TRUK
USE OF NON-CARRIER TASK FORCES

Bombardment and surface combat Task
Forces can be used to engage enemy carrier
forces, especially crippled carriers that have
broken off from the main force, and transport
forces. Operating between your carriers and
enemy carriers they can be used as an early
warning radar screen. To the Japanese player
their float planes can be critical in finding
and identifying enemy forces without using
carrier planes. Be sure to protect your transports as they are the most vulnerable to both
air attacks and surface combat. Transports
should only move into enemy territory once
enemy naval forces have been engaged and
neutralized. Bombardment Task Forces
should stay 250-300 miles away from enemy
land bases until dark in order to avoid enemy
land-based airstrikes. Once night has arrived
move towards your target at full speed, bombard, and then withdraw before daylight
breaks and you find yourself being attacked
from the air. For most of the war the
Japanese player has an advantage in capital
ships. The Allied player should therefore try
to avoid surface combat against a Japanese
Surface Combat TF if possible.
LAE
enemy CAP and causing maximum damage

with minimum losses. Later in the war the
Japanese players only hope of getting past
Allied CAP and flak is by forming strikes with
over 100 planes.
CORAL SEA,
EASTERN
SOLOMONS,
AND
TOROKINA
armed planes on deck, and if so, which planes

and with what ordnance. Prior to obtaining
radar, the Japanese player must be very careful not to keep armed and fueled planes on
his carriers for more than a few turns. If you
havent sighted the enemy by 0700 to 0800
you should put your planes in the hanger and
await further developments. If you have radar
you can afford to risk keeping 36 planes (18
for CVLs) on deck and ready for launching
(in this case your biggest risk is being hit by
a submarine launched torpedo and watching
the subsequent fires blow up your ship).
Keep in mind that on any one turn a fleet carrier can launch 36 planes from the flight
deck, or move 18 planes from the fueling
area to the flight deck and then launch those
18 planes. This means that you can launch
up to 54 planes in two turns. Unless you
have TBDs you should try to keep a combination of torpedo and dive bombers on deck
along with an escort of 8-12 fighters. The
shorter range of the TBDs often requires you
to launch them as part of your second strike
after you have been able to close the range
between carrier forces. If you have time it is
often best to have your first planes hover
over your Task Force (do not give them a target) until you are able to reinforce them with
additional planes on the following turn. If
possible try to form large strikes containing
planes from different carriers as they will
stand a better chance of overwhelming
58
TASSAFARONGA
SHORTLAND
57

the two bases.
MARIANAS

the two bases.
MIDWAY
PALAU
WAKE IS.
YAP
ULITHI
IWO JIMA
GUAM
TINIAN
ROTA
SAIPAN
ENIWETOK
SAIPAN
100
64
PALAU
MIDWAY
87
51
YAP
77
41
ULITHI
63
1
TINIAN
RANGE TABLE
TABLE
RANGE
44
52
WAKE
62
5
ROTA
60
ENIWETOK
63
9
GUAM
FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS
MIDWAY
FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS
RANGE TABLE
TABLE
RANGE
59
61
62
The Fast Carriers:

A Weapons Systems Survey, 1917-1975
by Martin Campion
In the first decade of the Twentieth
Century, when inventors began to
build airplanes that could stay aloft for
more than a few moments, naval officers immediately began to investigate
how to use them in naval warfare.
Quickly recognizing the potential of
aircraft for scouting, they looked for
ways that aircraft could operate with a
fleet at sea.
The United States Navy took the
first step toward using landplanes with
the fleet by successful experiments in
1910 and 1911. In the first year, an
aircraft took off from a wooden platform built on the cruiser Birmingham.
In the next year, another aircraft took
off and landed on the battleship
Pennsylvania. However, seaplanes at
first looked more valuable to naval
men, so the United States, Britain and
France spent their limited resources
on them, not landplanes.
The aircraft carrier was gradually
invented by the British during, and as
a result of, experience in World War I.
When the war began, the Royal Navy,
after some experiments with a
makeshift, had already started converting a merchant ship to a seaplane

carrier with a flying deck. This ship,
the Ark Royal, was able to launch seaplanes from its deck (even in heavy
weather). The British built other seaplane carriers, both with and without
decks, and operated them with some
success during the war. However, they
became disenchanted with the seaplane. The technology of aircraft
made rapid progress during the war,
and, by 1917, it became apparent that
the wheeled landplane was greatly
superior for most warlike activities to
the float-encumbered seaplane.
Seaplanes were particularly unable to
operate very well in the rough waters
of the North Sea, where the British
Grand Fleet was trying to use them in
its lengthy watch over the German
High Seas Fleet in bad weather, seaplanes were launched from decked
seaplane carriers, but could not be
recovered intact. In order to alleviate
the poor performance problem, the
British fleet started using landplanes,
flown off from seaplane carriers, from
This article is reprinted from Strategy & Tactics #51 with permission from Decision Games. Inquiries
about Strategy & Tactics should be directed to Decision Games, P.O. Box 4049, Lancaster, CA 93539.
platforms built on battleship turrets,

and even from towed barges. Of
course, none of these aircraft could be
flown off more than once since they
could not land again. The solution to
the problem seemed to be a ship that
could launch and recover landplanes
on a deck in other words, an aircraft
carrier.
The first attempt to build an aircraft carrier was unsuccessful. The best
and newest seaplane carrier, the
Furious, which was equipped with a
forward flying off deck, was sent back
to the shipyard to have an after landing deck installed. The two decks were
separated by the ships conventional
centerline superstructure and connected by narrow runways on either
side. This arrangement did not work
since the superstructure created
treacherous air currents over the landing deck, and the funnel gasses
obscured the pilots vision when he
tried to land. So the Furious continued to fly off aircraft that she could
not recover. The first workable aircraft
carrier was the Argus which joined
the Grand Fleet two weeks before the
Armistice.
Therefore, World War I had proven
the desirability of the aircraft carrier
without allowing much experience in
its use. During the twenty years
between the wars, navies debated the
use of carriers in future wars, while the
United States and Japan committed
themselves by their building programs
to the extensive use of carriers. At the
same time, France completed one carrier and started two more, while
Germany started one. Of the major
seapowers, only Italy showed no interest in the new weapon.
Naval officers differed about how
carriers should be built and used.
Battleship admirals wanted to relegate
naval aircraft to the task of spotting
for their big guns, while naval aviators
wanted to develop aircraft as ship
sinking weapons. In the United
States, naval aviators joined in antagonistic cooperation with the airman,
General Billy Mitchell, to prove that
aircraft could sink an unmanned exGerman battleship, but successfully
fought Mitchells idea that naval air
should be separated from the navy to
become a part of a unified independent airforce. In Japan, too, the naval
air arm developed as a part of the
navy. Each of these navies looked at
the other as the most likely enemy,
and planned to use the aircraft in their
carriers to help achieve command of
the air and sea in the Pacific Ocean
fleet actions. Since the Japanese were
expected to be on the defensive, it was
believed they would have the advantage of using land-based aircraft in
addition to carrier-based aircraft. The
Americans planned to use carrier aircraft to wrest control of the air from
the Japanese combination. Both sides
built carriers that could carry a large
number of aircraft, built carrier aircraft
63
that could compete with land, and

planned to use attack aircraft to sink
ships, especially opposing aircraft carriers. Both navies developed torpedo
bombing, originated by the British in
World War I, and dive bombing,
invented by the United States Navy
and Marine Corps in the twenties, but
the Japanese emphasized the former
tactic while the Americans emphasized the latter. In spite of their commitment to the use of carriers, neither
the United States nor the Japanese
Navies thought that carriers could
replace battleships as the backbone of
the fleet.
Meanwhile, the British Navy prepared for a different kind of carrier
warfare. Just before World War I
ended, the Royal Air Force had been
formed out of army and navy air arms.
The R.A.F. was dominated by a faith
in strategic bombing to the exclusion
of other kinds of aerial activity.
Although the navy regained some
control of naval aircraft as early as
1923, and the Fleet Air Arm (carrierbased aircraft) was returned completely to naval control in 1937, the
unified airforce prevented naval aviators from achieving influential positions in the navy. As a result, aircraft
carriers in the Royal Navy were
looked on strictly as auxiliary to battleships. British carriers carried fewer
aircraft than American and Japanese
carriers, and British carrier aircraft
64
were not designed to compete with

land-based aircraft. The British
thought that aircraft might attack battleships, but that their attacks would
at best slow down enemy ships so that
friendly battleships could finish them
off. Aircraft carriers and battleships
were both supposed to protect themselves from enemy aircraft with armor
and anti-aircraft guns. In the late
1930s, as the British faced the
prospect of a war against a mighty
German airforce, they designed and
built the four carriers of the Illustrious
class, with very heavy armor and AA
protection, but very few planes.
When the European war began in
1939, the major naval powers had,
between them, seventeen fleet carriers. The United States had five with a
combined total displacement of
120,100 tons and an aircraft capacity
of over 400; Great Britain had seven
with a combined total displacement of
138,000 tons, but an aircraft capacity
of only around 200; Japan had five
(not counting the Hoso) with a total
displacement of 118,500 tons and an
aircraft capacity of 300.
Meanwhile, all three navies were
learning, at about the same speed,
how to design aircraft carriers and how
to fly aircraft from them. After the
British experience with the separated
decks of the Furious, some designers
thought that a carrier ought to be
built with a flight deck unbroken by
any superstructure. So, the Furious was
rebuilt with two decks, the top one
perfectly flat. The first U.S. carrier,

the Langley, was converted from a collier into a true flat-top. The Japanese
built their first large carriers with
three decks and no superstructure.
Multi-deck carriers worked fine in the
twenties and early thirties, as long as
the planes flown from them were
lightweight, agile biplanes such as the
British Fairey Flycatcher. But when
aircraft got larger, most of the multideck carriers were given a new single
deck longer than their previous top
decks.
The flat-topped carrier had two
problems. It proved impossible to deal
with smoke, especially in large, fast
ships, without a funnel. It also proved
difficult to handle a large carrier without a bridge that was higher than the
flight deck. The Japanese went to a
great deal of trouble to design funnels
that could be placed on the side of the
ship and pointed down and out. They
placed the bridge on a small island on
the port or starboard edge of the flight
deck. The British and Americans
chose to use a large island, always on
the starboard edge, that could accommodate the funnels (in an upright
position) and the bridge.
The men developing carrier procedures between the wars arrived at a
number of successful ideas for making
carrier landings safer. Various kinds of
arrestor gear were tried. One kind,
used by the British and Americans for
years, consisted of a set of longitudinal
wires set on little bridges a few inches
above the deck. The plane landing

would snag these wires with a comblike device between the planes
wheels. This arrangement often
worked too well, since the landing
planes had a tendency to nose over
into the deck, and therefore, one out
of every four landings resulted in damage to the plane. In the early thirties,
the United States Navy operated its
large carriers without any arrestor gear.
By the end of the thirties, a modern
kind of arrestor gear, with several
transverse wires designed to catch a
hook set in the tail of the landing aircraft, was in use. By that time, too,
carrier men had worked out a way of
helping a landing pilot find his way
down, by putting a specially trained
landing officer on deck, armed with
brilliantly colored paddles for signaling to the pilot.
When the war began, the latest
development in British carriers was
the crash barrier. This was a safety
aide to speed carrier operations.
Previously, a newly landed plane taxied to the forward elevator, where it
had to be lowered to the hangar deck.
Then the elevator had to return to
position before it was quite safe to
land the next plane. Otherwise a
badly-landed plane might careen into
parked airplanes and cause fires and
explosions. The crash barrier was a
strong cable net which was raised
65
about midway across the deck while

an airplane was landing, then lowered
to the deck to allow the airplane to
taxi to the forward part of the deck
where it could be parked safely while
other airplanes landed on. The barrier
could be rather hard on the airplane
and the pilot that hit it, but it was
usually to be preferred to the alternative. Its use was somewhat controversial. In 1940, the conservative captain
of the Ark Royal did not use his, while
the more aggressive captain of the new
Illustrious did, because he thought that
speed of operations might be of great
importance some day.
When the war began in Europe,
the British Admiralty set about trying
to find something useful for its carriers
to do against an enemy that did not
have a major battle fleet. At first, carriers were sent out on anti-submarine
patrols, but one carrier was soon sunk
and the others were quickly withdrawn. Then, the Ark Royal, with
many other ships, was given the task
of finding the German pocket battleship, Graf Spee, but, although the Ark
Royal sailed all over the Indian and
South Atlantic Oceans, the German
ship was found, fought, trapped, and
scuttled without her effective participation. When the Germans invaded
Norway, British carriers were sent with
the fleet to the defense of that nation.
Their aircraft sank a few German
ships, shot down some German air-
66
craft and supported the amphibious

counter-attack in northern Norway.
But as soon as the Luftwaffe arrived in
strength, the carriers, along with the
rest of the British fleet, had to retire,
because British carrier aircraft were
inferior in numbers and quality to
German land-based aircraft.
The German invasion of Crete a
year later was similar to the German
invasion of Norway. Again, a British
fleet, greatly superior to any enemy
fleet in the area, was unable to prevent the invasions and was even
unable to protect itself very well
against German land-based aircraft.
The one British aircraft carrier
involved, the heavily armored
Formidable, was seriously damaged by
German dive bombers. In Norway and
Crete, the British carriers were thrown
into a task they were not designed for.
They were more successful when they
were pitted against enemy ships
unsupported by an effective airforce.
In November, 1940, a carefully
planned nighttime raid by carrierbased Swordfish torpedo bombers sank
three of the six Italian battleships in
the harbor of Taranto (two were
repaired later). In the Battle of Cape
Matapan, in March, 1941, an Italian
fleet was being chased by a stronger,
but slower British fleet. Carrier aircraft
damaged an Italian battleship, which
then got away and slowed down a
heavy cruiser enough that it and two
others were sunk by British battleships. Two months later, on the same
day that Formidable was bombed off

Crete, the modern German battleship,
Bismarck, was caught like the Italian
ships. After sinking the Hood and taking some damage from the Prince of
Wales, the German ship was heading
for the safety of land-based air cover
when it was attacked by fifteen
Swordfish with torpedoes. They got
two hits, one of which damaged the
rudder and propellers, stopping the
German ship and allowing British battleships and cruisers to catch up and
destroy it the next day.
Probably the most important success of British carriers in the war was
in an activity that had not been foreseen before the war the support of
Malta. Malta was a constant burden to
Axis strategy in the Mediterranean.
When the Germans were able to station a large number of aircraft in the
Mediterranean, they were able to neutralize it, but when the aircraft were
needed elsewhere, Malta revived and
Malta-based bombers, submarines, and
even surface ships wrecked Axis supply
lines. Malta did not fall during periods
of Axis ascendency because it was
constantly resupplied by convoys,
escorted often by aircraft carriers, and
furnished with land-based fighters that
were ferried part way to Malta on carriers and then flown off. The British
lost two carriers in this work, but
Malta held and thereby helped save
Egypt.
The Battle of the Atlantic against

the German submarines led to the
invention of the escort carrier, slower
and carrying fewer aircraft than a fleet
carrier - also cheaper, faster to build,
and more expendable. The escort carriers were largely responsible for making the mid-Atlantic safe for convoys.
They also cooperated with fleet carriers in giving air support to a series of
amphibious assaults in the
Mediterranean - North Africa, Sicily,
Salerno and Southern France, all of
which were beyond the range of landbased fighters.
The war in the Pacific is the only
war in which carriers fought over
other carriers. It demonstrated more
clearly than the war in the Atlantic
and Mediterranean that the battleship
had become a vessel of limited usefulness and that the aircraft carrier was
the true capital ship of the midTwentieth Century.
It is hard to realize now how tactically brilliant and strategically shocking the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor was when it occurred it 1941.
Before it happened, few people imagined that carrier aircraft, much less
Japanese carrier aircraft, were capable
of delivering such a blow at such a distance. The attack was carried out by
the largest carrier fleet that had yet
operated, or would operate again until
late 1943. The Japanese used six fast
carriers carrying 418 aircraft. They
attacked with 353 aircraft, of which
154 were assigned to attack ships and
67
199 to attack American aircraft.

Although the attack was very successful, it was not decisive, because it did
not catch any of the three American
Pacific Fleet carriers in harbor. The
eight old battleships that were put out
of action or sunk would have been
powerless to stop the Japanese offensive anyway.
In the next six months, the
Japanese spread out over the Pacific.
Their attacks were covered at all points
by naval aircraft, generally land-based
rather than carrier-based. Two of the
fast carriers supported the second
attack on Wake after the first had
failed. Then the whole force struck at
the East Indies in support of amphibious operations there, then at Darwin,
Australia, where they carried out an
attack almost as surprising as that at
Pearl Harbor. Finally, five of the six
carriers descended on the British fleet
in the Indian Ocean, where their aircraft sank a number of ships, including
the small Hermes, the first carrier to
be sunk by carrier aircraft.
Meanwhile, the American aircraft
carriers had commenced operations.
Powerless to interfere with the main
Japanese operations, the Americans
carried out one- or two-carrier raids on
the fringes of the Japanese Empire.
Then, in April, medium bombers took
off from a carrier deck to make a surprise
attack on Tokyo. These raids did little
material damage to the enemy, but
gave Americans valuable experience.
68
In May, 1942, a Japanese attempt

to extend their perimeter by landing
at Port Moresby in Southern New
Guinea led to the Battle of the Coral
Sea. The Japanese operated in several
groups, of which one contained a
small carrier and another two large
fleet carriers. The Americans, who
knew the general direction of the
Japanese advance but not their specific plans, countered with two large
carriers. In a confused battle, during
which, among other things, Japanese
aircraft almost landed on an American
carrier, the Japanese sank one of the
American carriers while losing only
their own small carrier. Nevertheless,
the battle can be counted as an
American victory, because the
Japanese were forced to give up their
invasion attempt. Furthermore, one of
the two large Japanese carriers was
severely damaged, and the other had
lost so many planes and pilots as to be
temporarily useless. Thus, both were
absent from the next battle.
The Battle of Midway likewise
arose from a Japanese attempt to
extend their perimeter. Their immediate goal was the strategic island of
Midway. Their hope was to tempt the
main American fleet into an engagement in which it could be destroyed
by carrier aircraft and battleship guns.
Again, the Americans knew much of
the Japanese plan, and so, instead of
being drawn into Midway only in
response to the Japanese attack, they
were already waiting there when the
Japanese arrived. The Japanese again

approached in several groups of ships,
the foremost of which consisted of
four fleet carriers and light screen.
The Americans had three large, fast
carriers and 115 assorted aircraft on
Midway itself. Not expecting any
resistance, the Japanese advanced
carelessly. The battle was characterized by a large number of chance
events. The Japanese bombed
Midway. The Americans discovered
them and launched a massive attack,
which turned into a long series of little attacks by land-based planes and
carrier torpedo bombers. Just as the
Japanese were ready to launch a second Midway attack, they discovered
the American carriers. So, in between
dodging torpedoes, they rearmed their
planes with torpedoes and armorpiercing bombs. The Japanese carriers
were about to launch the first of their
rearmed aircraft, while some were still
refueling and the ordnance that had
been removed was still on deck. Just as
all the defending fighters were down
at sea level, two separate groups of
American dive bombers, one of which
was short on fuel and had nearly given
up looking for the Japanese fleet,
appeared out of nowhere and
attacked. In a few minutes, three
Japanese carriers had been turned into
floating infernos which had to be
abandoned. Then, in an exchange of
attacks later, the last Japanese carrier
was sunk while its aircraft damaged
the Yorktown. The American carrier
was being towed to harbor with its
damage under control when it was

attacked and sunk by a Japanese submarine.
The last half of 1942 was taken up
with a number of naval battles around
Guadalcanal, which led to two carrier
vs. carrier engagements: the Battles of
the Eastern Solomons and of the
Santa Cruz Islands. In the first of
these, the carriers were handled very
warily by both sides, made cautious by
memories of Midway. By the time the
second battle occurred, the Japanese
had been encouraged by the sinking of
one American carrier and the damaging of another (both by Japanese submarines), and the Americans had
been invigorated by a change of leadership. So the carriers launched
attacks at one another with the result
that the American Hornet was sunk
and the Enterprise put out of action,
while the Japanese only had two of
their four carriers put out of action.
Tactically, the Battle of the Santa
Cruz Islands lacked the confusion that
characterized its predecessors. Each
fleet expected to meet the other, and
spotted the other at about the same
time. They then launched their
attacking aircraft, which sighted each
other on the way. Both fleets were
ready for attack, and the Americans
had their combat air patrols up at several levels. The major chance factor
was the weather which covered some
of the carriers, and left others out in
the open.
69
At this point, there was a pause in

the carrier war in the Pacific. In one
way, 1942 had been a bad year for fleet
carriers twelve of them had been
sunk around the world: two British
(one in the Mediterranean and one in
the Indian Ocean) four American,
and six Japanese. In another way, it
was a good year, because all but two of
these carriers had been sunk mainly by
carrier aircraft, and it had been
demonstrated in the course of the year
that aircraft would dominate any battle in which they were used in large
numbers.
During the first six months of the
Pacific war, the Japanese had accomplished almost everything they had
attempted, and usually in less time
than they had planned, and with
many fewer losses than they had
feared. Their successes were due
mostly to their command of the air,
achieved with carrier- and land-based
naval aircraft. Not only were they
superior in aircraft numbers wherever
they attacked, but also in quality, both
of aircraft and of pilots. The Zero
carrier fighter was more maneuverable
than the American F4F carrier fighter,
and much better than all of the landbased fighters it encountered. The
Japanese dive bombers and torpedo
bombers, with their spat-covered fixed
landing gear, looked antique and
funny to Americans, but, in 1941 and
1942 they were excellent craft for
70
their tasks. Japanese carrier pilots were

greatly superior to any of the pilots
they met in the first months of the
war, because pre-war Japanese training
standards were much more rigorous
that those of the Americans. But,
although the Japanese grew to depend
on this qualitative superiority, they
took no steps to preserve it. The training program for new pilots was unable
to supply replacements for losses, and
therefore, the quality of Japanese
pilots steadily declined. At the same
time, the Japanese did not start to
develop new kinds of aircraft until
their planes had actually been bettered by the new Allied planes. By the
end of 1942, Zeros were meeting
dangerous land-based American fighters, the F4U Corsair and the P-38
Lightning. By the middle of 1943,
the carrier-borne F6F Hellcat had
demonstrated its all around superiority
to the Zero. Another new carrier
plane the TBF Avenger, designed as
a torpedo bomber, but useful for many
other tasks, began to replace the antiquated Devastator in 1942.
American carrier aviators did not like
their new dive-bomber, the SB2C
Helldiver, but it could carry a 1600
or 2000 pound bomb and deliver it
with accuracy to gut an enemy ship.
The new American aircraft were
carried by more and more aircraft carriers. The new Essex class fast carriers
and Independence class light carriers
began to arrive in the Pacific in mid1943. These had been built with many
of the lessons of the first part of the

war in mind. The Japanese also built
new carriers, in addition to converting
other kinds of ships to carriers, but
they built slower and in fewer numbers.
The only up-to-date Japanese carrier
that actually participated in a battle
was the Taiho. On both sides, the carriers that had survived 1942 were modified mainly by the addition of many
more and better anti-aircraft guns.
The Americans continued to profit
from an increasingly more important
advantage radar. American ships
had been equipped with ship- and
plane-spotting radar from the beginning of the war, but it did not always
work well. At the Battle of Coral Sea,
the incoming enemy planes were spotted at seventy miles, but at Midway at
only forty miles. Low-flying planes
(that is, torpedo planes), frequently
could not be spotted at all because the
radar was blind from the horizon up to
10 degrees above it. In 1943, new
radar corrected this defect. Also in
1943, the Americans tried for the first
time to extend the effective range of
their radar by stationing radarequipped destroyers as pickets. In
1945, when the fast carriers steamed
for four months in the same general
area off Okinawa, this tactic was used
systematically. By that time, too,
Americans had increased the value of
their radar by working out techniques
for cooperation between fighters on

combat air patrol and the radarinformed ships they were protecting.
Airborne as well as shipborne radar
was essential to the operation of night
fighting units, desirable at first because
the Japanese had had some success
with land-based night attacks on
American ships. Beginning with
unsuccessful experiments in 1943, the
Americans proceeded to establish
small night fighter units on each carrier in late 1943. The advantages of
specialization and the desire to expand
night operations to night searches and
night attacks led to the assignment of
one and then two carriers as exclusively night carriers.
Radar could spot planes, but could
not identify them, so an adaption of
radar, a device called IFF Identification Friend or Foe was used. A transmitter on board a friendly plane
broadcast a coded reply when it was
challenged by a transmitter on a ship.
But pilots sometimes forgot to switch
on their IFFs and if there were many
groups of planes on the screen, there
was no telling where a signal was coming from. In complicated situations,
electronic information always had to
be supplemented by visual sighting. It
was still possible for the Japanese
planes to surprise an American carrier
in March, 1945, when the Franklin
was almost sunk by two bombs
dropped by a plane that came apparently from nowhere. This kind of
71
event was rare, however, since enemy

planes that penetrated the fighter
screens were usually shot down by
anti-aircraft guns. The 5 dual-purpose
guns on the carriers used another
application of radar the VT (variable time) or proximity fuse, which
exploded shells when they came close
to the target and thereby added
immeasurably to the effectiveness of
the guns.
The main Japanese answer to these
varied American superiorities was the
Kamikaze suicide attack. This drastic
measure hurt the carriers, but could
not come close to stopping their
operations.
In late 1943, the Americans, operating an increasingly powerful fast carrier fleet, began island hopping across
the central Pacific. In rapid succession,
Americans landed in the Gilberts, in
the Marshalls, in the Marianas, on
Leyte in the Philippines, on Iwo Jima,
and on Okinawa. All of these operations followed the same basic pattern.
These landings were all conducted out
of the effective range of Allied landbased fighters, and they were all
opposed by large numbers of Japanese
land-based planes, operating from the
target islands and constantly reinforced from nearby island groups. The
American fast carrier fleet began each
campaign with a series of devastating
raids against the air forces and bases of
the target island group and of each of
72
the places through which reinforcements could be staged. Then the fast
carriers joined forces with escort carriers accompanying the invasion fleet to
support the landing and to give ground
support, as necessary, throughout the
battle. During the battle and after, the
carriers sailed back to hit the staging
bases again.
During every part of the first campaigns, the fleet of fast carriers, supported by a number of fast battleships
as anti-aircraft ships, had to be prepared to turn from its immediate task
to fight the main Japanese fleet if it
came out to oppose the landing. The
Japanese fleet did sortie to defend the
Marianas and then Leyte and thereby
brought on the last two big naval
battles of war.
When the Americans struck at the
Marianas, the Japanese had been conserving their naval airpower for six
months in an effort to make up for
earlier losses. They had built up an
impressive number of carrier planes in
the fleet and of land based planes in
the Marianas and other bases. Their
pilots, however, were still inadequately
trained when the Americans struck.
The Japanese had planned a coordinated attack by land- and carrierbased planes on the American fleet,
but their land-based planes had been
mostly destroyed by the time their carriers got into position to launch. The
Japanese aircraft took off from a position out of American aircraft range.
Their raids were strung out and the
first one was spotted by radar at a very

comfortable 150 miles. The ensuing
battle was a massacre the poorly
trained Japanese were slaughtered by
more numerous and better-equipped
American veterans called appropriately The Great Marianas Turkey
Shoot. The Japanese lost 346 planes
to the Americans 30. Damage to ships
was minor. The Japanese would have
undoubtedly lost more planes if some
of them had not gotten lost and been
unable to find the American fleet.
Meanwhile, American submarines had
sunk two enemy carriers, and the carrier planes sank a third in pursuit.
The Battle off Leyte Gulf, in
defense of the Philippines, came so
soon after the Marianas, that the
Japanese had no chance to prepare
another large group of carrier pilots,
even poor ones. Their aircraft carriers
operated with few planes, and were
supposed to launch their planes, get
discovered and draw the American
fast carriers away from the landing
area so that Japanese surface forces
could attack the transports. As the
battle started, land-based planes sunk
the light carrier Princeton, the only
American fleet carrier to be sunk in
the last three years of the war. Then,
American carrier planes attacked the
approaching Japanese surface forces
and sank several ships, including the
Japanese superbattleship, Musahi. The
American carriers were lured out of
the way, while the main Japanese battleship force, mistakenly considered
out of action after the carrier aircraft

attacks, continued to advance. It had
found an escort carrier force and was
mauling it although with great difficulty, when the Japanese commander
decided to retreat. Meanwhile, aircraft
from American fleet carriers sank the
now worthless Japanese fleet carriers.
The last fleet engagement of the
war, if it can be called that, occurred
when the superbattleship, Yamato,
came out without air cover to protest
the landings on Okinawa. It carried
only enough fuel for a one-way journey, but did not even get that far.
Overwhelming numbers of carrier
planes sank the huge ship in a little
over an hour.
In the Okinawa campaign, the
American carriers were joined by a
British fast carrier force. The British
had the same electronic advantages as
the Americans, and their heavily
armored ships were able to bounce
Kamakazes off without interrupting
flight operations. By 1945, they had
overcome their previous carrier weaknesses. They now operated more
planes on their carriers by parking the
excess on the decks. They had solved
their aircraft problem in three ways.
They developed new planes, like the
Barracuda torpedo-dive bomber.
They adapted the successful land
fighter, the Spitfire into the carrier
fighter, the Seafire. But the
Barracuda was slow and awkward,
73
while the Seafire was too delicate for

carrier operations, so the main solution was to use planes obtained on
Lend-Lease from the Americans; the
Avenger and the Corsair.
After the fall of Okinawa, the
American and British carriers began
to cruise off Japan, sending their
planes to hit everything they could
find in preparation for the invasion of
Japan. They met little air opposition,
as the Japanese saved their little
remaining strength for the invasion
itself. Fortunately for both sides, the
Japanese decided to surrender before it
came to that.
THE ELEMENTS OF THE
AIRCRAFT CARRIER
A fleet carrier is a complex organism. It has more people than many
towns, and more destructive power
than any other sort of warship. To
achieve this power, many different elements had to be included. The carrier
depicted is U.S.S. Enterprise. The
Big E, as she is known, saw more
fighting than any other American
flatop. She was off Pearl Harbor on
the morning of 7 December, 1941.
One of her Dauntless dive bombers
was the first American plane to be
shot down during the war. The Big E
began hitting back soon enough, raiding Kwajelein and screening the
Doolittle raid on Japan. She joined in
74
the destruction of the Japanese carrier

fleet at Midway, and her planes covered the invasion of Guadalcanal. She
was at the battles of Eastern Solomons
and Santa Cruz, and was damaged
both times. Afterwards, she joined
Task Force 58, The Fast Carriers,
and was eventually specially fitted for
night operations. Her planes attacked
shore targets in the Gilberts,
Kwajelein, the Marianas, Truk, Palu,
the Philippines, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
and Japan, while Japanese ships were
hit at the Battles of the Philippine Sea
and Leyte Gulf. Two kamikazes in late
1945 put an end to the Enterprises
wartime career. She was not used
again until scrapped in 1958.
The Enterprises career is an example of the many duties fleet carriers
performed. Her nerve center was the
island (A). On it was the bridge (B)
from which the ship was commanded.
The radar (C) gave warning of
approaching planes 100 to 150 miles
away. Deep inside the island is the
Combat Information Center (CIC),
which kept the captain and admiral
on the bridge aware of the overall tactical situation. The ships smokestack
is also on the island which, as in all
Anglo-American carriers, is on the
right. The ships deck (D) was, like all
American wartime carriers, of wood.
This saved weight and increased aircraft capacity, but made the ships
terribly vulnerable to bomb and
kamikaze hits. Smaller British carriers
Elements of the Aircraft Carrier
with armored decks simply wiped

splattered kamikazes off the decks.
Ringing the decks were the ships
guns. Although the Enterprises air
group was her main defense, for
close-in work, she could use her 5/38
caliber guns (E), also effective against
unarmored ships. Some older carriers
had large guns which could only be
used against enemy ships. These proved
worthless. The 40mm and 20mm (F)
light anti-aircraft guns were for anyone who broke through the fighters
and heavy gun fire. Below the main
deck was the hangar deck (G).
Airplanes got to and from the hangar
deck by the three elevators (H). These
were, however, very vulnerable to
damage, as a hit on one would not
only break the elevator (leaving a
large hole in the flight deck and stopping most air operations), but could
communicate itself down to the hangar
deck, which, in American carriers,
was full of gasoline pipes and other

inflammable substances. Thus, a hit
reaching the hangar deck of an American flatop could often prove fatal or
at least put the ship out of action.
British carriers were made more fireproof by reducing the supply of gasoline
on board and keeping it in protected
magazines. The Japanese used the
American system, as they did with
their usual use of wooden decks. The
sides of the hangar deck are open,
which makes for less weight, but does
not add protection. Aircraft could theoretically be catapulted out the after
opening, but this was never done in
combat. Catapults were not installed
in the forward part of the flight deck
until late in the war, and even then
they were seldom used. The hangar
could hold all of the Enterprises 78 to
100 aircraft. During air operations, the
hangar deck was also full of bombs and
other munitions, brought up from
75
magazines below. Secondary explosions from such bombs helped to sink

the Japanese carriers at Midway.
Below the hangar deck, the
Enterprise was much like any other
warship. Amidships, her four engine
rooms (under the waterline) (J) delivered 120,000 horsepower, driving the
ship at 34 knots. A hit there could
leave the ship without power and
cause serious flooding, although
American ships had better internal
subdivision than their British counterparts. The engines, and the magazines
for the bombs, torpedoes, and 5 guns
were protected by the armored belt
of 4 to 2 1/ 2 from the side. From
above, they were protected by a 3
armored deck.
Further aft were the screws and
rudders (K). This is always a vulnerable part of a ship, but the carriers
found the fire threat outweighed the
dangers of being hit there. To defend
against torpedo hits, the Enterprise
had a double bottom, but filling much
of the cavity between the two bottoms
with aviation gas made this a prime
fire hazard. This again shows how U.S.
Navy carriers were offensively
oriented, while Royal Navy carriers
were defensively oriented.
Despite these drawbacks, the
Enterprise was generally an excellent
design. (The mass-produced Essex
class was based on Her.) This was one
of the reasons why she was amongst
the two survivors of Americas eight
pre-war fast carriers.
76
SINKING CARRIERS
Before the war, a major question
was whether aircraft could sink a
manned, fighting battleship. By the
end of the war, there was no doubt
that they could. But during the war,
carrier aircraft were more often
engaged in trying to sink enemy carriers, a task that also engaged landbased aircraft and submarines. The
question then became, How much
does it take to sink a carrier? It is
impossible to give a single answer.
Battle damage never simply sank a
carrier. Hull damage which resulted in
flooding was countered by compartmentization and counter-flooding. Fire
was the worst enemy. Fire could drive
the crew from a part of a ship. Fire set
off secondary explosions of ordnance
or fuel. Explosions not only caused
hull damage but also ruptured water
lines, gas lines and fuel storage tanks.
Generally, ships did not sink until
sometime after a fire had forced the
crew off. Frequently, a carrier had to
be sunk by torpedoes fired at it after it
had been abandoned. The number
and kind of hits that were necessary to
cause fatal damage was extremely variable. The Japanese Taiho was hit by a
single submarine torpedo (larger than
an airborne torpedo) which did minor
structural damage. But it ruptured a
fuel line which allowed gasoline vapor
to spread throughout the ship,
through a mistakenly opened ventilation system. Then a spark blew the
ship up.
A similar fate met the Lexington.

Before the war, it had been estimated
that the Lexington or its sister-ship,
Saratoga, built on battlecruiser hulls,
could absorb as many as twelve torpedoes. At Coral Sea, however,
Lexington received two torpedo hits
and two bomb hits, which caused it to
list and started fires. Everything
seemed to be under control when a
spark set off gas vapor that had leaked.
This caused fires, and the ship had to
be abandoned. In the same battle, the
small Japanese carrier, Shoho, was a
victim of overkill when it was hit by
thirteen bombs and seven torpedoes.
In the great dive-bombing attack at
Midway, the three Japanese carriers
were set on fire by two, three, and four
bomb hits respectively. The fires
proved to be uncontrollable, a fact
attributed to the presence of rearming
and refueling planes on the carriers
decks. Later, however, the remaining
carrier, the Hiryu, was hit by four
bombs which started similarly uncontrollable fires without the presence of
readying planes.
The hardest-dying ship of the war
may have been the carrier Hornet. It
was hit in the first rush by four bombs,
two torpedoes, and two suicide planes,
one which carried two bombs which
exploded. Remarkably, the damage
from all this seemed to be under control, when another attack brought
another bomb hit and another torpedo
hit, which increased the damage
enough that the ship was abandoned.
Then, American destroyers tried to

sink the blazing hulk with gunfire and
torpedoes without success. Finally, the
Japanese came up and sank the ship
with four more torpedo hits.
The USS Franklin did recover after
sustaining damage that might have
brought about its abandonment, if it
had been in contested waters. By
1945, however, there were no contested waters left in the Pacific. The
Franklin sustained only two bomb
hits, but the fires reached parked aircraft, some of which were armed with
the new Tiny Tim rockets which carried 150 lbs. of TNT. Perfect aircover,
which prevented the Japanese from
launching follow-up attacks, gave the
Franklin fire-fighters enough time to
save their ship.
It is difficult to make any generalizations from these examples or the
other stories of sunk and damaged carriers. Bomb and torpedo hits had varied results. It was generally admitted
that torpedoes were more damaging to
a ship, but bombs actually hurt more
carriers. This was because it was easier
to avoid a torpedo by turning the ship.
Bombs delivered by high level
bombers could also be avoided, but
ships could not move fast enough to
avoid very many bombs from low-level
and dive bombers.
77
78
CHARTS & TABLES

GAME ABBREVIATIONS
ID
DESCRIPTION
AA
AF
ALO
AP
ap
Anti-Aircraft
Airfield
Automatic Landing Operation
Armor Piercing 1000 lb Bombs
Armor Piercing 500 lb,
250 kg Bombs
Australian
Available
British
Carrier Air Group
Cannon
Combat Air Patrol
Dogfight
Durability
Endurance
Flight Operations
Fueled
High Explosive
In the Hangar
Japanese Navy
Long-Range
Nationality
New Zealand
Operations
Ordnance
Priority Search Direction
Ready on Deck
Selection Value
Task Force
Torpedo
Unready on Deck
United States Navy
AUS
Avail
BR
CAG
Can
CAP
Dog
Durab
End
FO
FU
HE
HG
JN
L-R
Nat
NZ
Ops
ORD
PSD
RD
SV
TF
Torp
UD
USN
FLAK MODIFIERS
WEAPON ACCURACY RATING
ALLIED AIRCRAFT ORDNANCE
WEAPON TYPE
AIRCRAFT TYPE
ACCURACY RATING
Mk-13 Torpedo
22
Japanese Ship
x 0.75
Mk.XII Torpedo
34
British Ship
x 1.0
Type 91 Torpedo
42
1000 lb Bomb
60
USN Ship (Jul-Dec 42) x 1.10

USN Ship (1943-1944) x 1.25
TARGET SELECTION VALUES

(AIR TO SEA)
SHIP TYPE
SELECTION VALUE
CV,CVL
150
BB,BC
15
CA,CL,CLAA,CS
DD,DE,APD
AP,AO
500 lb Bomb
60
250 kg Bomb
60
JAPANESE AIRCRAFT ORDNANCE

AIRCRAFT TYPE
250 kg Bomb
HE Bomb
Dive Bomber
250 kg Bomb
HE Bomb
Torpedo Bomber
250 kg Bomb
HE Bomb
Type 91 Torpedo*
Medium Bomber
250 kg Bomb
HE Bomb
Type 91 Torpedo*
SHIP EVASION RATINGS

SHIP TYPE
EVASION MODIFIER
CV,CVL,BB,BC,CS
x3
CA,CL,CLAA
x5
Fighter Bomber
500 lb Bomb
HE Bomb
Dive Bomber
500 lb Bomb
HE Bomb
1000 lb Bomb*
Torpedo Bomber
500 lb Bomb
HE Bomb
Mk.13 Torpedo*#
Medium Bomber
500 lb Bomb
HE Bomb
Mk.13 Torpedo*#
Heavy Bomber
500 lb Bomb
HE Bomb
1000 lb Bomb*
AVAILABLE ORDNANCE
Fighter Bomber
AVAILABLE ORDNANCE
* Aircraft are considered to be Heavily Loaded

when carrying 1000 lb Bombs or Torpedoes;
otherwise they are considered to have a
Normal Load.
# British aircraft used the Mk.XII Torpedo
DD,DE,APD
x6
FUEL CONSUMPTION
AP,AO
x1
TF SPEED
AIRCRAFT ACCURACY RATINGS

AIRCRAFT TYPE
ACCURACY RATINGS
fighter*
fighter-bomber
dive bomber
torpedo bomber
tac-bomber
heavy bomber
patrol bomber
* Fighters cannot carry bombs or torpedoes
FUEL USE
27+
1 every 4 hours
18-26
1 every 6 hours
9-17
1 every 12 hours
0-8
none
79
80
ALLIED AIRCRAFT
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
F2A BUFFALO
F4F WILDCAT
P-36A
P-38F LIGHTNING
DOG: 17
CAN: 8
LOAD: 0
RNG: 10
DURAB: 19
DOG: 19
CAN: 12
LOAD: 5
RNG: 12
DURAB: 20
DOG: 19
CAN: 3
LOAD: 0
RNG: 9
DURAB: 9
DOG: 20
CAN: 12
LOAD: 20
RNG: 18
DURAB: 37
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
F6F HELLCAT
FULMAR
P-39 AIRCOBRA
P-40 WARHAWK
DOG: 22
CAN: 12
LOAD: 20
RNG: 18
DURAB: 27
DOG: 18
CAN: 8
LOAD: 5
RNG: 10
DURAB: 20
DOG: 17
CAN: 13
LOAD: 0
RNG: 8
DURAB: 25
DOG: 19
CAN: 8
LOAD: 10
RNG: 14
DURAB: 24
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER
GLADIATOR
HURRICANE I FIGHTER
P-51 MUSTANG
SEAFIRE
DOG: 17
CAN: 4
LOAD: 0
RNG: 10
DURAB: 17
DOG: 18
CAN: 8
LOAD: 0
RNG: 9
DURAB: 20
DOG: 25
CAN: 12
LOAD: 20
RNG: 40
DURAB: 33
DOG: 24
CAN: 12
LOAD: 0
RNG: 9
DURAB: 24
Note: Some of the planes listed do not appear in the game; these are listed for comparison purposes only.
81
82
ALLIED FIGHTER
ALLIED FIGHTER BOMBER
SPITFIRE IX
CA-3 WIRRAWAY
P-38J LIGHTNING
P-47 THUNDERBOLT
DOG: 25
CAN: 12
LOAD: 0
RNG: 8
DURAB: 27
DOG: 12
CAN: 6
LOAD: 5
RNG: 9
DURAB: 20
DOG: 22
CAN: 12
LOAD: 40
RNG: 35
DURAB: 37
DOG: 24
CAN: 16
LOAD: 25
RNG: 20
DURAB: 39
ALLIED DIVE BOMBER
ALLIED DIVE BOMBER
(Historical reference not available)
CA-12 BOOMERANG
F4U CORSAIR
SB2C HELLDIVER
SB2U VINDACTOR
DOG: 21
CAN: 16
LOAD: 5
RNG: 14
DURAB: 30
DOG: 23
CAN: 12
LOAD: 20
RNG: 14
DURAB: 26
DOG: 10
CAN: 6
LOAD: 13
RNG: 15
DURAB: 22
DOG: 9
CAN: 2
LOAD: 12
RNG: 14
DURAB: 16
ALLIED DIVE BOMBER
ALLIED TORPEDO BOMBER
FM2 WILDCAT
MOSQUITO FB-VI
SBD DAUNTLESS
ALBACORE
DOG: 20
CAN: 12
LOAD: 6
RNG: 13
DURAB: 24
DOG: 19
CAN: 20
LOAD: 20
RNG: 20
DURAB: 37
DOG: 13
CAN: 4
LOAD: 12
RNG: 14
DURAB: 22
DOG: 8
CAN: 2
LOAD: 16
RNG: 15
DURAB: 20
83
84
ALLIED TACTICAL BOMBER
BARRACUDA
SWORDFISH
A-20 BOSTON
A-26 INVADER
DOG: 10
CAN: 2
LOAD: 17
RNG: 11
DURAB: 30
DOG: 6
CAN: 1
LOAD: 16
RNG: 10
DURAB: 18
DOG: 10
CAN: 12
LOAD: 20
RNG: 18
DURAB: 36
DOG: 13
CAN: 16
LOAD: 60
RNG: 18
DURAB: 64
TBD DEVASTATOR
TBF AVENGER
B-18A
B-25 MITCHELL
DOG: 4
CAN: 2
LOAD: 10
RNG: 11
DURAB: 18
DOG: 11
CAN: 4
LOAD: 20
RNG: 16
DURAB: 23
DOG: 2
CAN: 2
LOAD: 65
RNG: 15
DURAB: 30
DOG: 4
CAN: 6
LOAD: 52
RNG: 30
DURAB: 43
TBM AVENGER
VILDEBEAST
B-26 MARAUDER
BEAUFIGHTER
DOG: 11
CAN: 4
LOAD: 20
RNG: 16
DURAB: 26
DOG: 3
CAN: 2
LOAD: 22
RNG: 9
DURAB: 9
DOG: 9
CAN: 8
LOAD: 48
RNG: 16
DURAB: 45
DOG: 13
CAN: 16
LOAD: 21
RNG: 20
DURAB: 39
85
86
ALLIED LEVEL BOMBER
ALLIED PATROL
BEAUFORT
BLENHEIM
B-29
SUPERFORTRESS
HUDSON
DOG: 7
CAN: 3
LOAD: 20
RNG: 20
DURAB: 26
DOG: 7
CAN: 1
LOAD: 10
RNG: 20
DURAB: 34
DOG: 1
CAN: 16
LOAD: 150
RNG: 50
DURAB: 75
DOG: 10
CAN: 2
LOAD: 7
RNG: 25
DURAB: 32
ALLIED PATROL
ALLIED PATROL
VENGEANCE
WELLINGTON
PBY CATALINA
SUNDERLAND
DOG: 10
CAN: 8
LOAD: 20
RNG: 25
DURAB: 20
DOG: 6
CAN: 2
LOAD: 45
RNG: 28
DURAB: 45
DOG: 2
CAN: 1
LOAD: 40
RNG: 44
DURAB: 45
DOG: 1
CAN: 4
LOAD: 49
RNG: 44
DURAB: 62
ALLIED LEVEL BOMBER
ALLIED LEVEL BOMBER
ALLIED TRANSPORT
ALLIED TRANSPORT
B-17 FORTRESS
B-24 LIBERATOR
C-47 DAKOTA
DH-84
DOG: 1
CAN: 11
LOAD: 60
RNG: 40
DURAB: 80
DOG: 1
CAN: 9
LOAD: 90
RNG: 35
DURAB: 60
DOG: 11
CAN: 0
LOAD: 40
RNG: 20
DURAB: 20
DOG: 10
CAN: 0
LOAD: 40
RNG: 25
DURAB: 15
87
88
JAPANESE AIRCRAFT
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
A5M CLAUDE
A6M2 ZERO
Ki-43-I OSCAR
Ki-61 TONY
DOG: 19
CAN: 2
LOAD: 1
RNG: 10
DURAB: 7
DOG: 22
CAN: 8
LOAD: 1
RNG: 40
DURAB: 7
DOG: 21
CAN: 4
LOAD: 1
RNG: 10
DURAB: 7
DOG: 20
CAN: 8
LOAD: 2
RNG: 10
DURAB: 20
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER BOMBER
A6M5 ZERO
J1N1 IRVING
Ki-102 RANDY
A6M8 ZEKE
DOG: 23
CAN: 11
LOAD: 1
RNG: 20
DURAB: 18
DOG: 18
CAN: 16
LOAD: 0
RNG: 20
DURAB: 38
DOG: 21
CAN: 16
LOAD: 0
RNG: 15
DURAB: 34
DOG: 14
CAN: 11
LOAD: 4
RNG: 16
DURAB: 18
JAPANESE FIGHTER
JAPANESE FIGHTER
J2M JACK
Ki-27 NATE
Ki-43-II OSCAR
Ki-44 TOJO
DOG: 20
CAN: 16
LOAD: 0
RNG: 15
DURAB: 22
DOG: 19
CAN: 2
LOAD: 2
RNG: 9
DURAB: 7
DOG: 22
CAN: 4
LOAD: 10
RNG: 14
DURAB: 14
DOG: 20
CAN: 8
LOAD: 4
RNG: 14
DURAB: 19
89
90
JAPANESE TORPEDO BOMBER
Ki-45 NICK
Ki-84 FRANK
B6N JILL
B7A GRACE
DOG: 17
CAN: 7
LOAD: 11
RNG: 20
DURAB: 36
DOG: 21
CAN: 12
LOAD: 11
RNG: 15
DURAB: 21
DOG: 12
CAN: 1
LOAD: 16
RNG: 24
DURAB: 13
DOG: 17
CAN: 4
LOAD: 18
RNG: 24
DURAB: 25
JAPANESE DIVE BOMBER
JAPANESE TACTICAL BOMBER
N1K2 GEORGE
D3A VAL
G3M NELL
G4M BETTY
DOG: 22
CAN: 16
LOAD: 11
RNG: 15
DURAB: 23
DOG: 11
CAN: 2
LOAD: 8
RNG: 16
DURAB: 10
DOG: 7
CAN: 6
LOAD: 17
RNG: 30
DURAB: 12
DOG: 7
CAN: 7
LOAD: 18
RNG: 45
DURAB: 13
JAPANESE DIVE BOMBER
D4Y JUDY
B5N KATE
Ki-21 SALLY
Ki-32 MARY
DOG: 13
CAN: 3
LOAD: 11
RNG: 17
DURAB: 12
DOG: 11
CAN: 3
LOAD: 16
RNG: 17
DURAB: 11
DOG: 9
CAN: 6
LOAD: 22
RNG: 24
DURAB: 38
DOG: 11
CAN: 4
LOAD: 10
RNG: 14
DURAB: 19
91
92
JAPANESE FLOAT PLANE
Ki-48 LILY
Ki-49 HELEN
E13A1 JAKE
F1M2 PETE
DOG: 10
CAN: 2
LOAD: 9
RNG: 19
DURAB: 20
DOG: 10
CAN: 7
LOAD: 22
RNG: 25
DURAB: 40
DOG: 9
CAN: 1
LOAD: 0
RNG: 16
DURAB: 9
DOG: 7
CAN: 3
LOAD: 0
RNG: 12
DURAB: 8
JAPANESE PATROL
JAPANESE PATROL
Ki-51 SONIA
Ki-67 PEGGY
H6K MAVIS
H8K EMILY
DOG: 12
CAN: 4
LOAD: 4
RNG: 10
DURAB: 24
DOG: 14
CAN: 10
LOAD: 18
RNG: 28
DURAB: 43
DOG: 1
CAN: 6
LOAD: 22
RNG: 44
DURAB: 44
DOG: 1
CAN: 16
LOAD: 44
RNG: 44
DURAB: 66
JAPANESE PATROL
P1Y FRANCES
E8N2 DAVE
Ki-46 DINAH
DOG: 10
CAN: 4
LOAD: 22
RNG: 38
DURAB: 39
DOG: 6
CAN: 2
LOAD: 0
RNG: 14
DURAB: 8
DOG: 17
CAN: 1
LOAD: 0
RNG: 24
DURAB: 15
93
94
WEAPON DATA
SHIP CLASS DATA
NAME
TYPE
18.1/45
16/50
16/45
15/42
14/50
14/45
12/50
8/55
8/50
6/60
6/53
6/50
6/47
6/45
5.5/50
5.25/50
5/51
5/50
5/40
5/38
5/25
4.7/50
4.7/45
4.5/45
4/50
4/45
3.9/65
3.9/60
3/60
4.7 AA Rckt
45mm
40mm
25mm
20mm
MG
Type 93
Type 6
Mk-15
Mk-VII
Mk-IX
Mk-14
Type 95.m1
Type 95.m2
Mk-13 Torpedo
Mk.XII Torpedo
Type 91 Torpedo
1000 lb Bomb
500 lb Bomb
250 kg Bomb
HE Bombs
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
gun
DP-gun
gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
DP-gun
flak
flak
flak
flak
flak
flak
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
torpedo
air-torp
air-torp
air-torp
bomb
bomb
bomb
bomb
WARHEAD
FLAK
RANGE
ACCURACY
160
120
120
95
70
70
44
13
13
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
108
44
82
74
81
64
89
121
60
39
45
47
24
25
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
6
5
8
6
5
4
7
0
5
7
7
5
7
3
5
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
42
42
40
38
36
34
36
32
31
30
26
20
26
18
19
22
13
20
16
17
14
18
16
17
14
16
20
18
15
10
5
5
5
4
2
35
11
15
16
15
9
13
8
6
2
2
0
0
0
0
30
40
35
30
35
30
40
45
40
45
40
45
40
45
55
50
55
55
60
55
50
55
55
50
60
65
60
60
60
1
25
20
20
20
15
21
16
9
16
17
10
23
22
22
34
42
60
60
60
75
Note: During the course of the war, both sides changed and added various weapons to the
classes of ships listed below. At the beginning of any battle, each ship may possibly undergo
refitting with the weapons which were available. Check your individual ship data when you access
the TF to see what changes have been made. The data below are for the ships as of May 1942.
ALLIED SHIPS
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: LEXINGTON CLASS
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 110
ARMOR: 30
CAP: 90
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 12 5/25, 8 MG
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: ESSEX CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 90
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 91
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 12 5/38, 32 40mm, 46 20mm
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: WASP CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 29
DURAB: 49
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 76
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: YORKTOWN CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 66
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 91
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: ILLUSTRIOUS CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 30
DURAB: 77
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 55
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 16 4.5/45, 48 40mm
95
96
ALLIED FLEET CARRIER: INDOMITABLE CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: PENNSYLVANIA CLASS
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 30
DURAB: 82
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 75
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 21
DURAB: 110
ARMOR: 120
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 12 14/45, 12 5/51, 8 5/25
ALLIED LIGHT CARRIER: INDEPENDENCE CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: TENNESSEE CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 36
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 33
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 24 40mm, 22 20mm
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 21
DURAB: 108
ARMOR: 120
CAP: 0
ALLIED LIGHT CARRIER: UNICORN CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: NORTH CAROLINA CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 25
DURAB: 43
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 37
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 24 40mm
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 116
ARMOR: 123
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 9 16/45, 20 5/38, 16 40mm
ALLIED LIGHT CARRIER: HERMES CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: SOUTH DAKOTA CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 25
DURAB: 36
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 12
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 5.5/50, 3 4/50, 18 MG
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 116
ARMOR: 136
CAP: 0
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: COLORADO CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: ALABAMA CLASS
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 21
DURAB: 108
ARMOR: 120
CAP: 0
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 116
ARMOR: 123
CAP: 0
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: NEVADA CLASS
ALLIED BATTLESHIP: IOWA CLASS
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 20
DURAB: 96
ARMOR: 110
CAP: 0
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 150
ARMOR: 140
CAP: 0
97
98
ALLIED BATTLECRUISER: ALASKA CLASS
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: EXETER CLASS
TYPE: BC
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 91
ARMOR: 86
CAP: 0
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 27
ARMOR: 20
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 8/50, 8 4/45, 16 40mm, 6 Mk-IX
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: BALTIMORE CLASS
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: KENT CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 44
ARMOR: 53
CAP: 0
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 31
DURAB: 35
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: INDIANAPOLIS CLASS
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: LONDON CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 32
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 9 8/55, 8 5/25, 8 MG
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 31
DURAB: 32
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 8 8/50, 8 4/45, 16 40mm, 8 Mk-VII
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: NEW ORLEANS CLASS
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: NORFOLK CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 33
ARMOR: 46
CAP: 0
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 33
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: NORTHAMPTON CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: BROOKLYN CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 30
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 33
ARMOR: 43
CAP: 0
ALLIED HEAVY CRUISER: PENSACOLA CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: CLEVELAND CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 30
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 33
ARMOR: 43
CAP: 0
99
100
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: OMAHA CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: LEANDER CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 23
ARMOR: 33
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 10 6/53, 8 3/60, 8 MG, 6 Mk-15
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 24
ARMOR: 20
CAP: 0
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: DANAE CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: SOUTHAMPTON CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 27
DURAB: 16
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 6/50, 3 4/45, 12 MG, 12 Mk-IX
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 30
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 0
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: ENTERPRISE CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: PERTH CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 25
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 0
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 23
ARMOR: 20
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 8 6/50, 4 4/45, 8 MG, 8 Mk-VII
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: CALEDON CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: ADELAIDE CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 29
DURAB: 13
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 0
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 24
DURAB: 17
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 0
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: CAPETOWN CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT AA CRUISER: ATLANTA CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 29
DURAB: 14
ARMOR: 16
CAP: 0
TYPE: CLAA
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 20
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 16 5/38, 24 40mm, 8 20mm, 8 Mk-15
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: FIJI CLASS
ALLIED LIGHT CRUISER: OAKLAND CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 27
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 0
TYPE: CLAA
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 20
ARMOR: 23
CAP: 0
101
102
ALLIED DESTROYER: BENSON CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: GRIDLEY CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 5 5/38, 12 40mm, 10 Mk-15
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 38
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
ALLIED DESTROYER: BAGLEY CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: MAHAN CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
ALLIED DESTROYER: CLEMSON CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: PORTER CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 4 5/51, 1 3/60, 2 MG, 6 Mk-15
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 37
DURAB: 6
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
ALLIED DESTROYER: FARRAGUT CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: SIMS CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 37
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
ALLIED DESTROYER: FLETCHER CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: GLEAVES CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 38
DURAB: 7
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
ALLIED DESTROYER: GEARING CLASS
ALLIED DESTROYER: ELECTRA CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 37
DURAB: 8
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 0
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 3
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 5 4.7/45, 8 MG, 8 Mk-IX
103
104
JAPANESE SHIPS
ALLIED DESTROYER: GREYHOUND CLASS
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: AKAGI CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 3
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 4 4.7/45, 8 MG, 8 Mk-IX
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 31
DURAB: 120
ARMOR: 33
CAP: 72
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 12 4.7/45, 28 MG
ALLIED DESTROYER: NAPIER CLASS
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: KAGA CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 6
ARMOR: 3
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 4.7/45, 4 40mm, 2 20mm, 10 Mk-IX
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 128
ARMOR: 36
CAP: 84
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 16 5/40, 22 25mm
ALLIED DESTROYER: PALADIN CLASS
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: HIRYU CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 3
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 4 4.7/45, 4 40mm, 8 20mm, 8 Mk-IX
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 57
ARMOR: 33
CAP: 64
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: SORYU CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 53
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 63
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: SHOKAKU CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 85
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 84
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: JUNYO CLASS

TYPE: CV
SPEED: 25
DURAB: 80
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 53
105
106
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: SHINANO CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CARRIER: CHIYODA CLASS
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 27
DURAB: 216
ARMOR: 66
CAP: 47
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 16 5/40, 145 25mm, 12 4.7 AA R
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 29
DURAB: 37
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 30
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: TAIHO CLASS
JAPANESE BATTLESHIP: FUSO CLASS
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 97
ARMOR: 36
CAP: 84
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 25
DURAB: 120
ARMOR: 93
CAP: 3
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 12 14/45, 14 6/50, 8 5/50, 16 25mm
JAPANESE FLEET CARRIER: UNRYU CLASS
JAPANESE BATTLESHIP: KONGO CLASS
TYPE: CV
SPEED: 32
DURAB: 57
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 64
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 30
DURAB: 105
ARMOR: 70
CAP: 3
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 8 14/45, 14 6/50, 8 5/50, 16 25mm
JAPANESE LIGHT CARRIER: RYUHO CLASS
JAPANESE BATTLESHIP: NAGATO CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 26
DURAB: 44
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 31
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 25
DURAB: 130
ARMOR: 103
CAP: 3
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 8 16/45, 18 5.5/50, 8 5/50, 20 25mm
JAPANESE LIGHT CARRIER: RYUJO CLASS
JAPANESE BATTLESHIP: YAMATO CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 29
DURAB: 35
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 37
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 8 5/40, 4 25mm, 24 MG
TYPE: BB
SPEED: 27
DURAB: 213
ARMOR: 160
CAP: 7
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 9 18.1/45, 12 6/60, 12 5/50, 24 25mm
JAPANESE LIGHT CARRIER: ZUIHO CLASS
JAPANESE HEAVY CRUISER: AOBA CLASS
TYPE: CVL
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 37
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 30
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 31
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 2
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 8/50, 4 4.7/45, 8 25mm, 8 Type 93
107
108
JAPANESE HEAVY CRUISER: MOGAMI CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: KUMA CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 41
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 3
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 10 8/50, 8 5/40, 8 25mm, 12 Type 93
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 19
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 1
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 7 5.5/50, 2 3/60, 8 Type 93
JAPANESE HEAVY CRUISER: MYOKO CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: NAGARA CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 44
ARMOR: 43
CAP: 2
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 17
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 1
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 7 5.5/50, 2 3/60, 2 MG, 8 Type 93
JAPANESE HEAVY CRUISER: TAKAO CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: OYODO CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 43
ARMOR: 43
CAP: 3
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 27
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 2
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 6/60, 8 3.9/60, 12 25mm
JAPANESE HEAVY CRUISER: TONE CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: SENDAI CLASS
TYPE: CA
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 37
ARMOR: 26
CAP: 5
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 18
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 1
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: AGANO CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: TENRYU CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 22
ARMOR: 6
CAP: 2
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 10
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 0
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: KATORI CLASS
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: YUBARI CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 18
DURAB: 19
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 1
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 4 5.5/50, 2 5/50, 4 25mm, 4 Type 6
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 9
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 0
109
110
JAPANESE LIGHT CRUISER: KITIKAMI CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: FUBUKI CLASS
TYPE: CL
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 19
ARMOR: 10
CAP: 0
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 4 5.5/50, 36 25mm, 40 Type 93
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 7
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 5/50, 2 MG, 9 Type 93
JAPANESE SEAPLANE CRUISER: NISSHIN CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: HATSUHARU CLASS
TYPE: CS
SPEED: 28
DURAB: 36
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 24
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 6
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
JAPANESE SEAPLANE CRUISER: KAMIKAWA CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: KAGERO CLASS
TYPE: CS
SPEED: 18
DURAB: 20
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 12
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 2 6/60, 2 MG
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 7
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 5/50, 4 25mm, 2 MG, 8 Type 93
JAPANESE DESTROYER: AKATSUKI CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: SHIMAKAZE CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 38
DURAB: 7
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 39
DURAB: 8
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 6 5/50, 4 25mm, 15 Type 93
JAPANESE DESTROYER: AKITSUKI CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: SHIRATSUYU CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 9
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 34
DURAB: 5
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 5 5/50, 4 25mm, 2 MG, 8 Type 93
JAPANESE DESTROYER: ASASHIO CLASS
JAPANESE DESTROYER: YUGUMO CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 6
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 35
DURAB: 7
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
111
112
GENERIC SHIPS
JAPANESE DESTROYER ESCORT: MATSU CLASS
OILER: FLEET OILER CLASS
TYPE: DE
SPEED: 27
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 0
TYPE: AO
SPEED: 15
DURAB: 50
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 200
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 0
JAPANESE DESTROYER: KAMIKAZE CLASS
TRANSPORT: SMALL CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 36
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
TYPE: AP
SPEED: 16
DURAB: 10
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 50
JAPANESE DESTROYER TRANSPORT: MINEKAZE CLASS
TRANSPORT: MEDIUM CLASS
TYPE: APD
SPEED: 20
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 25
NUMBER & WEAPON NAME: 1 4.7/50, 2 MG
TYPE: AP
SPEED: 18
DURAB: 20
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 100
JAPANESE DESTROYER: MUTSUKI CLASS
TRANSPORT: LARGE CLASS
TYPE: DD
SPEED: 33
DURAB: 4
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 9
TYPE: AP
SPEED: 20
DURAB: 40
ARMOR: 0
CAP: 200
113
SHIP AVAILABILITY
AVAIL
114
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
Decoy
DD
Electra
BR
Mar-42
Kirishima
BB
Kongo
JN
Jan-42
Kinu
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
Australia
CA
Kent
AUS Feb-42
Fortune
DD
Electra
BR
Mar-42
Kongo
BB
Kongo
JN
Jan-42
Kiso
CL
Kuma
JN
Jan-42
Canberra
CA
Kent
AUS Feb-42
Griffin
DD
Greyhound
BR
Mar-42
Mutsu
BB
Nagato
JN
Jan-42
Kuma
CL
Kuma
JN
Jan-42
Adelaide
CL
Adelaide
AUS Jan-42
Napier
DD
Napier
BR
Mar-42
Nagato
BB
Nagato
JN
Jan-42
Nagara
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
Hobart
CL
Perth
AUS Jan-42
Nizam
DD
Napier
BR
Mar-42
Yamashiro
BB
Fuso
JN
Jan-42
Naka
CL
Sendai
JN
Jan-42
Cornwall
CA
Kent
BR
Jan-42
Panther
DD
Paladin
BR
Mar-42
Yamato
BB
Yamato
JN
Mar-42
Natori
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
Devonshire
CA
London
BR
Jan-42
Hotspur
DD
Greyhound
BR
Apr-42
Musashi
BB
Yamato
JN
Sep-42
Okinoshima
CL
Katori
JN
Jan-42
Exeter
CA
Exeter
BR
Jan-42
Akebono Maru AO
Fleet Oiler
JN
Jan-42
Aoba
CA
Aoba
JN
Jan-42
Sendai
CL
Sendai
JN
Jan-42
Dorsetshire
CA
Norfolk
BR
Feb-42
Kyokuto Maru
AO
Fleet Oiler
JN
Jan-42
Ashigara
CA
Myoko
JN
Jan-42
Tama
CL
Kuma
JN
Jan-42
Caledon
CL
Caledon
BR
Jan-42
Nippon Maru
AO
Fleet Oiler
JN
Jan-42
Atago
CA
Takao
JN
Jan-42
Tatsuta
CL
Tenryu
JN
Jan-42
Capetown
CL
Capetown
BR
Jan-42
Shinkoku Maru AO
Fleet Oiler
JN
Jan-42
Chikuma
CA
Tone
JN
Jan-42
Tenryu
CL
Tenryu
JN
Jan-42
Ceres
CL
Capetown
BR
Jan-42
Toho Maru
AO
Fleet Oiler
JN
Jan-42
Chokai
CA
Takao
JN
Jan-42
Tsugaru
CL
Katori
JN
Jan-42
Danae
CL
Danae
BR
Jan-42
Arizona Maru
AP
Large
JN
Jan-42
Furutaka
CA
Aoba
JN
Jan-42
Yubari
CL
Yubari
JN
Jan-42
Dragon
CL
Danae
BR
Jan-42
Azumasan Maru AP
Small
JN
Jan-42
Haguro
CA
Myoko
JN
Jan-42
Yura
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
Durban
CL
Danae
BR
Jan-42
Brazil Maru
Large
JN
Jan-42
Kako
CA
Aoba
JN
Jan-42
Agano
CL
Agano
JN
Jan-43
Emerald
CL
Enterprise
BR
Jan-42
Hokuriku Maru AP
Medium
JN
Jan-42
Kinugasa
CA
Aoba
JN
Jan-42
Kitikami
CL
Kitikami
JN
Jan-43
Enterprise
CL
Enterprise
BR
Jan-42
Kano Maru
Small
JN
Jan-42
Kumano
CA
Mogami
JN
Jan-42
Oi
CL
Kitikami
JN
Feb-43
Mauritius
CL
Fiji
BR
Jan-42
Kiyozumi Maru AP
Medium
JN
Jan-42
Maya
CA
Takao
JN
Jan-42
Oyodo
CL
Oyodo
JN
May-43
Dauntless
CL
Danae
BR
Apr-42
Meiyo Maru
AP
Small
JN
Jan-42
Mikuma
CA
Mogami
JN
Jan-42
Noshiro
CL
Agano
JN
Sep-43
Birmingham
CL
Southampton BR
May-42
Nankai Maru
AP
Medium
JN
Jan-42
Mogami
CA
Mogami
JN
Jan-42
Yahagi
CL
Agano
JN
Feb-44
Caradoc
CL
Caledon
BR
May-42
Toa Maru
AP
Medium
JN
Jan-42
Myoko
CA
Myoko
JN
Jan-42
Sakawa
CL
Agano
JN
Feb-45
Victorious
CV
Illustrious
BR
Apr-43
APD
Minekaze
JN
Jan-42
Nachi
CA
Myoko
JN
Jan-42
Kamikawa
CS
Kamikawa
JN
Jan-42
Illustrious
CV
Illustrious
BR
Sep-43
APD
Minekaze
JN
Jan-42
Suzuya
CA
Mogami
JN
Jan-42
Kimikawa
CS
Kamikawa
JN
Jan-42
Indomitable
CV
Indomitable
BR
Sep-43
34
APD
Minekaze
JN
Jan-42
Takao
CA
Takao
JN
Jan-42
Mizuho
CS
Nisshin
JN
Jan-42
Unicorn
CVL
Colossus
BR
Jul-43
35
APD
Minekaze
JN
Jan-42
Tone
CA
Tone
JN
Jan-42
Nisshin
CS
Nisshin
JN
Jan-42
Foxhound
DD
Electra
BR
Jan-42
Fuso
BB
Fuso
JN
Jan-42
Abukuma
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
Akagi
CV
Akagi
JN
Jan-42
Norman
DD
Napier
BR
Jan-42
Haruna
BB
Kongo
JN
Jan-42
Isuzu
CL
Nagara
JN
Jan-42
Hiryu
CV
Hiryu
JN
Jan-42
Nestor
DD
Napier
BR
Feb-42
Hiei
BB
Kongo
JN
Jan-42
Jintsu
CL
Sendai
JN
Jan-42
Kaga
CV
Kaga
JN
Jan-42
Pakenham
DD
Paladin
BR
Feb-42
Hyuga
BB
Fuso
JN
Jan-42
Kashima
CL
Katori
JN
Jan-42
Shokaku
CV
Shokaku
JN
Jan-42
Paladin
DD
Paladin
BR
Feb-42
Ise
BB
Fuso
JN
Jan-42
Katori
CL
Katori
JN
Jan-42
Soryu
CV
Soryu
JN
Jan-42
AP
AP
115
116
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
Zuikaku
CV
Shokaku
JN
Jan-42
Fumizuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Murasame
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Yamagumo
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Junyo
CV
Junyo
JN
May-42
Hagikaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Mutsuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Yamakaze
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Hiyo
CV
Junyo
JN
Oct-42
Hamakaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Nagatsuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Yayoi
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Taiho
CV
Taiho
JN
Jun-44
Harukaze
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Natsugumo
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Yudachi
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Unryu
CV
Unryu
JN
Nov-44
Harusame
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Natsushio
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Yugiri
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Amagi
CV
Unryu
JN
Dec-44
Hatakaze
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Nenohi
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Yugumo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jan-42
Katsuragi
CV
Unryu
JN
Jan-45
Hatsuharu
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Nowaki
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Yugure
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Shinano
CV
Shinano
JN
Jan-45
Hatsukaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Oboro
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Yukikaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Ryujo
CVL
Ryujo
JN
Jan-42
Hatsushimo
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Oite
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Yunagi
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Zuiho
CVL
Zuiho
JN
Jan-42
Hatsuyuki
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Oshio
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Yuzuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Shoho
CVL
Zuiho
JN
Mar-42
Hayashio
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Oyashio
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Kazekumo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Feb-42
Ryuho
CVL
Ryuho
JN
Jan-43
Hibiki
DD
Akatsuki
JN
Jan-42
Samidare
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Makikumo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Feb-42
Chiyoda
CVL
Chiyoda
JN
Dec-43
Ikazuchi
DD
Akatsuki
JN
Jan-42
Satsuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Makinami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Mar-42
Chitose
CVL
Chiyoda
JN
Feb-44
Inazuma
DD
Akatsuki
JN
Jan-42
Sazanami
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Takanami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jun-42
Akatsuki
DD
Akatsuki
JN
Jan-42
Isokaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Shigure
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Akitsuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Sep-42
Akebono
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Isonami
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Shikinami
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Hayanami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Nov-42
Akigumo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jan-42
Kagero
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Shirakumo
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Kiyonami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Nov-42
Amagiri
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Kamikaze
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Shiranui
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Onami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Nov-42
Amatsukaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Kawakaze
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Shiratsuyu
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Teruzuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Jan-43
Arare
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Kikuzuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Shirayuki
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Shimakaze
DD
Shimakaze
JN
Feb-43
Arashi
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Kisumi
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Suzukaze
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Wakazuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Feb-43
Arashio
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Kuroshio
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Tanikaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Suzanami
DD
Yugumo
JN
May-43
Ariake
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Maikaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Tokitsukaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Suzuzuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
May-43
Asagiri
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Matsukaze
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Umikaze
DD
Shiratsuyu
JN
Jan-42
Hatsuzuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Jun-43
Asagumo
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Michishio
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Urakaze
DD
Kagero
JN
Jan-42
Shimozuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Jun-43
Asakaze
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Mikazuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Uranami
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Fujinami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jul-43
Asanagi
DD
Kamikaze
JN
Jan-42
Minazuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Ushio
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Hamanami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jul-43
Asashio
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Minegumo
DD
Asashio
JN
Jan-42
Usugumo
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Niizuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Jul-43
Ayanami
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Mochizuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Uzuki
DD
Mutsuki
JN
Jan-42
Asashimo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Nov-43
Fubuki
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Murakumo
DD
Fubuki
JN
Jan-42
Wakaba
DD
Hatsuharu
JN
Jan-42
Okinami
DD
Yugumo
JN
Nov-43
117
118
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
Hayashimo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Feb-44
Zeilin
AP
Large
USN Jan-42
Northampton
CA
Akishimo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Mar-44
N.Carolina
BB
Nrth Carolina USN Aug-42
Pensacola
Fuyuzuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Mar-44
Colorado
BB
Colorado
USN Oct-42
Kiyoshimo
DD
Yugumo
JN
Jun-44
Maryland
BB
Colorado
Haruzuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Nov-44
Tennessee
BB
Tennessee
Hanazuki
DD
Akitsuki
JN
Dec-44
Washington
BB
Matsu
DE
Matsu
JN
Jul-44
South Dakota
Momo
DE
Matsu
JN
Aug-44
Take
DE
Matsu
JN
NAME
TYPE
Northampton USN Jan-42
Juneau
CLAA Atlanta
USN Aug-42
CA
Pensacola
USN Jan-42
San Diego
CLAA Atlanta
USN Aug-42
Portland
CA
Indianapolis
USN Jan-42
San Juan
CLAA Atlanta
USN Aug-42
USN Oct-42
Quincy
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Oakland
CLAA Oakland
USN Feb-43
USN Oct-42
Salt Lake Cty
CA
Pensacola
USN Jan-42
Reno
CLAA Oakland
USN Mar-43
Nrth Carolina USN Oct-42
San Francisco
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Flint
CLAA Oakland
USN Nov-44
BB
South Dakota USN Nov-42
Vincennes
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Enterprise
CV
Yorktown
USN Jan-42
Indiana
BB
South Dakota USN Jan-43
Baltimore
CA
Baltimore
USN Jul-43
Lexington
CV
Lexington
USN Jan-42
Sep-44
New Mexico
BB
Tennessee
Boston
CA
Baltimore
USN Sep-43
Yorktown
CV
Yorktown
USN Feb-42
Ume
DE
Matsu
JN
Oct-44
Massachusetts BB
South Dakota USN Apr-43
Pittsburgh
CA
Baltimore
USN Jan-45
Hornet
CV
Yorktown
USN Apr-42
Kuwa
DE
Matsu
JN
Nov-44
Pennsylvania
BB
Pennsylvania USN Jul-43
St.Paul
CA
Baltimore
USN Mar-45
Saratoga
CV
Lexington
USN Aug-42
Maki
DE
Matsu
JN
Dec-44
Nevada
BB
Nevada
USN Sep-43
Boise
CL
Brooklyn
USN Jan-42
Wasp
CV
Wasp
USN Aug-42
Kiri
DE
Matsu
JN
Jan-45
West Virgina
BB
Colorado
USN Sep-43
Detroit
CL
Omaha
USN Jan-42
Essex
CV
Essex
USN Mar-43
Yamafuku Maru AP
Small
JN. Jan-42
Alabama
BB
Alabama
USN Oct-43
Helena
CL
Brooklyn
USN Jan-42
Bunker Hill
CV
Essex
USN Sep-43
Achilles
CL
Leander
NZ
Feb-42
Iowa
BB
Iowa
USN Jan-44
Marblehead
CL
Omaha
USN Jan-42
Intrepid
CV
Essex
USN Oct-43
Leander
CL
Leander
NZ
Feb-42
New Jersey
BB
Iowa
USN Jan-44
Raleigh
CL
Omaha
USN Jan-42
Franklin
CV
Essex
USN Apr-44
Cimarron
AO
Fleet Oiler
USN Jan-42
California
BB
Tennessee
USN Feb-44
Richmond
CL
Omaha
USN Jan-42
Hancock
CV
Essex
USN May-44
Guadalupe
AO
Fleet Oiler
USN Jan-42
Idaho
BB
Tennessee
USN Jul-44
Honolulu
CL
Brooklyn
USN Dec-42
Bennington
CV
Essex
USN Jun-44
Neosho
AO
Fleet Oiler
USN Jan-42
Mississippi
BB
Tennessee
USN Jul-44
Cleveland
CL
Cleveland
USN Jan-43
Shangri-La
CV
Essex
USN Dec-44
Platte
AO
Fleet Oiler
USN Jan-42
Wisconsin
BB
Iowa
USN Sep-44
St.Louis
CL
Brooklyn
USN Jan-43
Randolph
CV
Essex
USN Jan-45
Sabine
AO
Fleet Oiler
USN Jan-42
Missouri
BB
Iowa
USN Oct-44
Columbia
CL
Cleveland
USN Feb-43
Bon Hom Rich CV
Essex
USN Feb-45
Amer. Legion
AP
Large
USN Jan-42
Alaska
BC
Alaska
USN Jan-45
Montpelier
CL
Cleveland
USN Mar-43
Independence
CVL
Independence USN Apr-43
Barnett
AP
Medium
USN Jan-42
Guam
BC
Alaska
USN Mar-45
Santa Fe
CL
Cleveland
USN May-43
Princeton
CVL
Independence USN May-43
Fuller
AP
Medium
USN Jan-42
Astoria
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Birmingham
CL
Cleveland
USN Jun-43
Belleau Wood
CVL
Independence USN Jun-43
G.F.Elliot
AP
Medium
USN Jan-42
Chester
CA
Mobile
CL
Cleveland
USN Jul-43
Cowpens
CVL
Independence USN Jul-43
Heywood
AP
Medium
USN Jan-42
Chicago
CA
Nashville
CL
Brooklyn
USN Jul-43
Monterey
CVL
Independence USN Aug-43
Hunter Ligget
AP
Large
USN Jan-42
Indianapolis
CA
Indianapolis
Phoenix
CL
Brooklyn
USN Jul-43
Cabot
CVL
Independence USN Sep-43
Neville
AP
Medium
USN Jan-42
Louisville
CA
Biloxi
CL
Cleveland
USN Dec-43
Langley
CVL
Independence USN Oct-43
Pres. Hayes
AP
Large
USN Jan-42
Minneapolis
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Miami
CL
Cleveland
USN Mar-44
Bataan
CVL
Independence USN Jan-44
Pres. Jackson
AP
Large
USN Jan-42
New Orleans
CA
New Orleans
USN Jan-42
Atlanta
CLAA Atlanta
USN Jul-42
San Jacinto
CVL
Independence USN Feb-44
USN Feb-43
USN Jan-42
NAT
AVAIL
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
119
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
Andrson
DD
Sims
Aylwin
DD
Bagley
AVAIL
120
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
USN Jan-42
Maury
DD
Gridley
Farragut
USN Jan-42
McCall
DD
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Monaghan
Balch
DD
Porter
USN Jan-42
Benham
DD
Bagley
Blue
DD
Case
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
USN Jan-42
Aaron Ward
DD
Benson
Gridley
USN Jan-42
Barton
DD
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Buchanan
Morris
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
USN Jan-42
Mugford
DD
Bagley
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Mustin
DD
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
OBrien
Cassin
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Conyngham
DD
Mahan
Craven
DD
Cummings
AVAIL
NAME
TYPE
CLASS
NAT
AVAIL
USN Nov-42
DeHaven
DD
Fletcher
USN Mar-43
Benson
USN Nov-42
Dyson
DD
Fletcher
USN Mar-43
DD
Benson
USN Nov-42
Pringle
DD
Fletcher
USN Mar-43
Laffey
DD
Benson
USN Nov-42
Cony
DD
Fletcher
USN Apr-43
USN Jan-42
Lardner
DD
Benson
USN Nov-42
Stanly
DD
Fletcher
USN Apr-43
Sims
USN Jan-42
OBannon
DD
Fletcher
USN Nov-42
Stevens
DD
Fletcher
USN Apr-43
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Chevalier
DD
Fletcher
USN Jan-43
Converse
DD
Fletcher
USN May-43
Patterson
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Grayson
DD
Gleaves
USN Jan-43
Foote
DD
Fletcher
USN May-43
USN Jan-42
Perkins
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Jenkins
DD
Fletcher
USN Jan-43
Spence
DD
Fletcher
USN May-43
Gridley
USN Jan-42
Phelps
DD
Porter
USN Jan-42
LaVallette
DD
Fletcher
USN Jan-43
Anthony
DD
Fletcher
USN Jun-43
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Porter
DD
Porter
USN Jan-42
Nicholas
DD
Fletcher
USN Jan-43
Thatcher
DD
Fletcher
USN Jun-43
Cushing
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Preston
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Radford
DD
Fletcher
USN Jan-43
Wadsworth
DD
Fletcher
USN Jun-43
Dale
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Ralph Talbot
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Aulick
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Colahan
DD
Fletcher
USN Jul-43
Dewey
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Russell
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Claxton
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Daly
DD
Fletcher
USN Jul-43
Drayton
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Selfridge
DD
Porter
USN Jan-42
Nicholson
DD
Gleaves
USN Feb-43
Luce
DD
Fletcher
USN Jul-43
Dunlap
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Shaw
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Saufley
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Sigourney
DD
Fletcher
USN Aug-43
Ellet
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Sims
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Strong
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Chauncey
DD
Fletcher
USN Sep-43
Fanning
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Smith
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Taylor
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Denver
CL
Cleveland
USN. Apr-43
Farragut
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Stack
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Waller
DD
Fletcher
USN Feb-43
Gridley
DD
Gridley
USN Jan-42
Sterett
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Hammann
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Walke
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Helm
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Wilson
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Henley
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Worden
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Hughes
DD
Sims
USN Jan-42
Gwin
DD
Gleaves
USN Feb-42
Hull
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
Duncan
DD
Benson
USN Oct-42
Jarvis
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Farenholt
DD
Benson
USN Oct-42
Lamson
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Fletcher
DD
Fletcher
USN Oct-42
Lang
DD
Bagley
USN Jan-42
Lansdowne
DD
Benson
USN Oct-42
MacDonough
DD
Farragut
USN Jan-42
McCalla
DD
Benson
USN Oct-42
Mahan
DD
Mahan
USN Jan-42
Monssen
DD
Gleaves
USN Oct-42
121
UNIT MENU
UTILITY MENU
BUTTON
KEY DESCRIPTION
BUTTON
DESCRIPTION
>>
lower max number of

unready aircraft to hangar.
RECALL
STRIKE
Order Strike to
Return to Base/CV
Alt/K
SUNK
List Types of
Ship Sunk
F8
fuel 1 aircraft.
STRIKE AF
Select Airfield Target
Alt/F
SCORE
F9
fuel max number of aircraft.
STRIKE TF
Select TF Target
Alt/S
Display Current
Score
KEYBOARD
BUTTON
DESCRIPTION
COMMAND SUMMARY
FLIGHT OPERATIONS DISPLAY MENU
122
KEYBOARD
defuel max number of aircraft.
LIST TF CAP List CAP groups
F3
VIEW-TF
Show Friendly TF
F5
ORD
changes type of ordnance

if there are no aircraft in
Ready-On-Deck status.
LR-CAP
Order CAP Group to

Cover a Different TF
VIEW-AF
Show Airfield
F6
Review Battle Plan
F7
DISP TF
SEARCH

from TF
BATTLE
PLAN
AUTO
MOVE
Computer
Controls TF
Alt/M
EARLY
END
Ends Current Battle
Alt/E
DECLINE
Refuse Current Setup
Alt/D
F10
sets group mission if 1 or more

aircraft in Ready-On-Deck status.
raises 1 fueled aircraft to deck.
SET TF
SEARCH
Set the Priority Search

Direction for TF
<
<<
raises max number of fueled

aircraft to deck.
LIST TF
SEARCH
List Search Missions
F4
REFUEL TF
Refuel TF
Alt/R
DELAY
Set Sound/Delay Levels
MERGE TF
Merge TF
ALT/A
ALT/Z
Set Search Lines

ON/OFF
ALT/W
DETACH TF Detach TF
SEARCH
ON/OFF
EXIT
Exit Game Return to DOS
Alt/Q
ESC
Exit the Utility Menu
None
lowers max number of ready

aircraft.
>
lowers 1 ready aircraft from deck.
launches 1 ready aircraft (will

perform assigned mission).
launches max number of ready

aircraft.
SET DIR S
TGT-TF S
ESC*
select TF target if Strike

mission selected.
select Airfield target if Strike
mission selected.
ESC end flight ops for this carrier.
* Can also exit by clicking the right mouse

button.

from Airfield
LIST AF
SEARCH
List Air Search

from Airfield
LIST AF
CAP
List CAP from Airfield
O
BUTTON
EXAMINE AF Display Air Groups

from Airfield
ESC
GENERAL ORDERS MENU
Exit the menu
F
None
DESCRIPTION
Set Display Mode

(TF, CAP, STRIKE Units)
Move Large Increments
CNTR Center Cursor
ZOOM Change Map Scale
UTIL
Utility Menu
PREV
Previous Unit*
NEXT
Next Unit*
STAK
Next Unit in Hex*
SNOOP View Enemy TF
ESC
Quit, Return to Last Menu
KEYBOARD
MODE
none
J,K,I,M
F2
F1
none
none
N
Space Bar
P
Q,Esc
TGT-AF F
set priority search direction

(PSD) if Search mission
selected.
DISP AF
SEARCH
>>
MIS
* the type of Unit is set with the Display MODE

button.
ESC
Q
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F7
F6
F8
F9
F10
<
>
J,K,I,M
O
T
Y
F
Z
S
H
G
N
P
L
X
V
E
Spc
ALT/F
ALT/S
ALT/R
ALT/D
ALT/M
ALT/E
ALT/K
ALT/A
ALT/W
ALT/Z
ALT/Q
Map Mode
Quit Orders
Strat/Tac Map
Center Map
List TF CAP
List TF Search
View TF
Battle Plan
View Airfield
Sunk Ships
Score
Change Delay
Turn TF Left
Turn TF Right
Long Cursor Move
List AF CAP
Disp AF Search
List AF Search
Examine Airfield
Next Airfield
Disp TF Search
Set TF Search
Examine TF
Next TF
Snoop Enemy TF
L-R CAP
Next Enemy TF
Next Strike
Examine Strike
Next TF in Stack
Strike AF
Strike TF
Refuel TF
Decline Battle
Auto Move
Early Scenario End
Recall Strike
Merge TFs
Search Lines On/Off
Detach TF
Exit to DOS
CREDITS
Game Design and Programming
Gary Grigsby
Game Development
Joel Billings, David Landrey, and James Young
Rules
Gary Grigsby and David Landrey
Historical Research
Michael Musser and Allyn Nevitt
Playtesters
Robert Arnold, Roger Batchelder, Robert Brugger,
Pat Charlton, John Fluker, Bob Hare, Thomas Hazelwood, Richard Hooks,
Bob Janzekovich, Mike Laird, Jeff Lackey, Rob Land, Steve Magestro,
Ed Morris, Ed Morrison, Ken Morrow, Paul Murray, Michael Musser,
Les Odgers, Paul Puglielli, John Schuler, Michael Silen, Bill Sullivan,
Al Marenco, Larry Webber, Mike Gilmartin
Rule Book Copyediting
Andr Vrignaud
Art, Graphic Design, and Desktop Publishing
Louis Saekow Design:
David Boudreau and Kathryn J. Lee
Printing
American Lithographers, Inc.
QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS?
Our main business number is (408) 737-6800. If you encounter disk or system related problems you can call our Technical Support
Staff at (408) 737-6850 between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m., Pacific Time, Monday through Friday, holidays excluded. NO GAME PLAYING
HINTS WILL BE GIVEN THROUGH THIS NUMBER. If you need hints, call our Hint Line at 1-900-737-HINT. Recorded hints are
available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you dont hear the information you need, please write to us at Hints, Strategic
Simulations, Inc., 675 Almanor Avenue, Suite 201, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (include a stamped self-addressed envelope for reply).
IBM COMPATIBLE COMPUTER INFORMATION:

Many of our games will work on IBM compatible computers. If you own an IBM compatible computer we suggest that you consult
with our Technical Support Staff at (408) 737-6850 between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m., Pacific Time, Monday through Friday, (holidays
excluded) to see if an SSI game you're considering purchasing is compatible with your computer. If we have insufficient data to
determine compatibility, you may wish to purchase the game and test for compatibility yourself. If the game proves to be incompatible, you may return it within 14 days with your dated receipt and we will refund your money. Or, if you return the game within 30
days, you may exchange the game for another.
EA GAME
AD FOR KOR
GOES HERE
LIMITED WARRANTY
Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) warrants that the diskette(s) on which the enclosed program is
recorded will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 30 days from the date of
purchase. If within 30 days of purchase the diskette(s) prove defective in any way, you may return the
diskette(s) to Strategic Simulations, Inc., 675 Almanor Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086-2901 and SSI will
replace the diskette(s) free of charge. In addition, if the diskette(s) prove defective at any time after the
first 30 days, return the diskette(s) to SSI and SSI will replace the diskette(s) for a charge of $10.00
(each disk) plus $4.00 for shipping and handling. California residents, add applicable sales tax.
SSI MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE
PROGRAM RECORDED ON THE DISKETTE OR THE GAME DESCRIBED IN THIS RULEBOOK, THEIR
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
PROGRAM AND GAME ARE SOLD AS IS. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THEIR QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE IS WITH THE BUYER. IN NO EVENT WILL SSI BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE PROGRAM OR GAME EVEN IF
SSI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. (SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW
THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.)
The enclosed software program and this Rule Book are copyrighted. All rights are reserved. This Rule
Book may not be copied, photographed, reproduced, or translated or reduced to any electrical medium
or machine readable form, in whole or in part, without prior written consent from SSI. The program
accompanying this Rule Book may be copied, by the original purchaser only, as necessary for use on the
computer for which it was purchased.
Copyright 1992 Strategic Simulations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
WHAT TO DO IF YOU HAVE A DEFECTIVE DISK
Each of our games undergoes extensive playtesting prior to its release. Through this process we hope to
uncover and correct any errors in programming. However, due to the complex nature of our simulations,
some program errors may go undetected until after publication. In addition to errors in the program,
there are occasionally problems with the disk itself. We experience the industry standard of approximately a 3 to 5% failure rate of duplicated disks. Before assuming that a disk is defective, make sure to
check your disk drive. Up to 95% of the disks returned to us as defective will run fine on our computer
systems. Often the problem is with a disk drive that needs servicing for alignment, speed, or cleaning.
Should you have a defective disk, please return the disk only (keep all other parts of the game) to our
Customer Support Department, along with a note describing the problem you have encountered. A
replacement disk will be provided upon our receipt of the defective disk.
Should you uncover an error in the program, return both your game disk and any save game disks to
our Customer Support Department. Please enclose a description of what was taking place in the game
when the error occurred. Upon correction of the program error, we will return an updated disk to you.
Always make sure to include your name, address, and daytime telephone number with any correspondence. We will do our best to see that any problems are corrected as soon as possible.

Carrier Strike (1992 Game) Manual

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000

GAME CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................1

TALKING TO THE COMPUTER ..............................................................................................3

SETTING UP THE GAME ........................................................................................................4

TURN SEQUENCE ...................................................................................................................9

ORDERS PHASE ...................................................................................................................10

Airfield Damage .................................................................................................................42

General Rules ....................................................................................................................11

REPAIR PHASE ....................................................................................................................47

STRATEGY AND TACTICS ...................................................................................................54

INSTALLING THE GAME

CARRIER STRIKE simulates naval-air battles in

Use the instructions on your Data Card to

In CARRIER STRIKE you issue movement orders

YOUR GAME BOX SHOULD CONTAIN

TERRAIN AND UNITS

Open sea (light blue or light blue with a

Coastal (gray, green, and light blue)

Your game disk may come with a README

Land (gray and green)

Restricted waters (light blue with a dark

Terrain will affect naval movement as follows:

A list of the game abbreviations is on

A typical battle in CARRIER STRIKE will contain

The following three sections will help explain

Capacity is the amount of either aircraft

SUMMARY OF GAME MENUS

SETTING UP THE GAME

Use the following keys to move the cursor

Note: Using the 2 or 8 keys will move

USING THE MOUSE

Using the mouse, place the mouse pointer

SCENARIO selection allows you to load a

Midway (4-6 June 1942)

Santa Cruz (25-26 October 1942)

Marianas (19-20 June 1944)

HELP gives the player being helped the

Reinforcements arrive sooner.

BALANCE selections allow you to play with

Coral Sea (May 1942)

ALLIED: Lexington, Yorktown, Enterprise,

Midway (June 1942)

Hosho appears only in historical Midway scenario.

Eastern Solomons (August 1942)

THE CAMPAIGN GAME

In a Campaign Game you may fight a series

After you exit the Randomized Battle Menu,

After completing a battle, all sunk ships are

SETUP returns you to the Setup Menu

START OF TURN PHASE

Each game turn consists of the following

Start of Turn Phase:

Every turn there is a 1% chance that the wind

Radar reports may occur any time an enemy

At the beginning of the Orders Phase, you

and MODE:STRIKE. The next information

A carrier TF that performs Flight Operations

Night Aircraft Movement

CAP, and air strikes may be launched before