Lecture Notes ME 269: Ayman El-Hag DC Machine Part No. 1 Basic Principles and Physical Construction

Lecture Notes
ME 269
Ayman El-Hag
DC Machine
Part no. 1
Basic principles and physical construction
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

MACHINES Fundamentals
Generator action: An emf (voltage) is induced in a
conductor if it moves through a magnetic field.
Motor action: A force is induced in a conductor that
has a current going through it and placed in a
magnetic field
Any DC machine can act either as a generator or as
a motor.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
DC Generator Fundamentals
e = ( v B) l
e = Blv sin cos
e = induced voltage, v = velocity of the conductor, B =

flux density and l is the length of the conductor
" - angle between the direction in which the

conductor is moving and the flux is acting.
$ - smallest possible angle the conductor makes

with the direction of, the vector product, ( v B)
and for maximum induction, $ = 0. Hence, e =
Blv for most cases.
( v B) indicates the direction of the current flow
in the conductor, or the polarity of the emf.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
DC Generator Fundamentals
Example: Find the
induced voltage for
a road with a length
of 1 m.
B=3T
V = 1 m/s
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
Generated Voltage in a Loop

(a coil of one turn)
For emf to be induced, the

conductors must cut the flux
lines as they move.
Otherwise, ( v B) = 0.
eloop = eab + ebc + ecd + eda
eloop = Blv + 0 + Blv + 0
eloop = 2 B l v
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine

Note: Induced voltages are always AC.

1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine

1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
DC MACHINES
Real DC machine Construction
Stator: Stationary part of the machine.

The stator carries a field winding that is
used to produce the required magnetic
field by DC excitation. Often know as
the field.
Field
Rotor
Rotor: The rotor is the rotating part of

the machine. The rotor carries a
distributed winding, and is the winding
where the emf is induced. Also known
as the armature.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
Brush
Stator with
with poles
DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES

DC machine Construction
Dc motor stator construction
The picture shows the

stator of a large DC
machine
with
several
poles.
Field poles
The iron core is supported

by a cast iron frame.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
DIRECT CURRENT
MACHINES
DC machine Construction
DC motor rotor construction
The rotor iron core is mounted on the

shaft.
Coils are placed in the slots.
The end of the coils are bent and

tied together to assure mechanical
strength.
Note the commutator mounted on

the shaft. It consists of several
copper segments, separated by
insulation.
Poles
Brushes
Rotor winding
Bearing
1/23/2004
Fan
ME 269 DC Machine
Commutator
10
DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES

Ring
Insulator
Flag
DC Machine Construction
The adjoining picture shows the

commutator of a large DC machine.
The segments are made out of

copper and mica insulation is placed
between the segments.
The end of each segment has a flag

attached. The coil endings are
welded to these flags.
An insulated ring is placed on the

coil
ends
to
assure
proper
mechanical strength.
1/23/2004
Copper
ME 269 DC Machine
11
DC MACHINES
Generated EMF in a Real DC Machine
ZP
ZP
EG =
n = k gn =
= k m
60a
2a
Where
Z = total number of conductors, P = total number of poles
a = P for lap winding, a = 2 for wave winding, = flux,
= speed in rad/s and n = speed in rpm.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
12
DC Motor Fundamentals
F = ( l B )i
F = induced force, B = flux density, I is the current passing

in the conductor and l is the length of the conductor
R is a vector in the direction of the

flow of the current.
(RB) direction indicates the

direction of force.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
13
Example: Find
the force for
a conductor with
a length of 1 m.
B = 0.35 T
i=2A
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
14
Counter EMF:
When the motor is running, internally
generated emf, (EG = EC) opposes the
applied voltage, thus:
VT EC
IA =
RA
1/23/2004
Where: VT = terminal voltage, Ec = counter

EMF, RA is the armature resistance and IA is
the armature current
ME 269 DC Machine
15
The relationship between the

induced EMF and torque
Econductor = Blv
Tconductor = Blir
therefore,
E Blv v
=
= , v = r
T Blir ir
E
=
T
i
Ei = T
{
{
electric
power
1/23/2004
EI
ZP
T=
=
IA
2 a
T = k m I A
mechanical
power
ME 269 DC Machine
16
Example
A six-pole DC machine has a flux per pole of 30 mWb.
The armature has 536 conductors connected as a lap
winding. The DC machine runs at 1050 rpm and it
delivers a rated armature current of 225 A to a load
connected to its terminals, calculate:
A) Machine constant, Km
B) Generated voltage, EG
C) Conductor current
D) Electromagnetic torque.
E) Power delivered by the machine.
1/23/2004
ME 269 DC Machine
17

Lecture Notes ME 269: Ayman El-Hag DC Machine Part No. 1 Basic Principles and Physical Construction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture Notes ME 269: Ayman El-Hag DC Machine Part No. 1 Basic Principles and Physical Construction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture Notes ME 269: Ayman El-Hag DC Machine Part No. 1 Basic Principles and Physical Construction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture Notes

DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

e = induced voltage, v = velocity of the conductor, B =

" - angle between the direction in which the

$ - smallest possible angle the conductor makes

Generated Voltage in a Loop

For emf to be induced, the

Generated Voltage in a Loop

Note: Induced voltages are always AC.

Generated Voltage in a Loop

Stator: Stationary part of the machine.

Rotor: The rotor is the rotating part of

DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES

Dc motor stator construction

The picture shows the

The iron core is supported

DC motor rotor construction

The rotor iron core is mounted on the

Coils are placed in the slots.

The end of the coils are bent and

Note the commutator mounted on

DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES

The adjoining picture shows the

The segments are made out of

The end of each segment has a flag

An insulated ring is placed on the

F = induced force, B = flux density, I is the current passing

R is a vector in the direction of the

(RB) direction indicates the

Where: VT = terminal voltage, Ec = counter

The relationship between the

You might also like