Exam 1 Quantitative Methods For Management (SM 60.65)

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Exam 1
Quantitative Methods for Management (SM 60.65)

PLEASE DO NOT FLIP PAST THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE


INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

This exam is to be completed individually. Dishonest behavior during


the exam will result in a failing grade, and the maximum penalty
stipulated by the School of Management.

Instructions
1. Manage your time carefully.
2. Show the steps of your calculations in sufficient detail.
3. This exam is closed-book, closed-notes. No calculators are allowed.
4. Write neatly. Check your calculations to avoid silly mistakes.
5. You may not leave the exam room before submitting your complete exam.

Question

Score

1
2
3
Total

Question 1 (50 points)


Bruno Mars is trying to decide when to sell his apartment. If he were to sell it today, he
could get $100,000. Suppose Bruno can also choose to sell at the end of next year (year
1) or at the end of the following year (year 2).
For each year Bruno keeps the apartment, he receives $5,000 in rents. A knowledgeable
real estate agent predicts that over the course of each year, the market price of the
apartment can either go up or down by $10,000. During year 1, there is a 20% chance the
market price of the apartment will go up.
Importantly, what happens in year 1 and year 2 are not independent. If the price went up
in year 1, then there is a much great probability, 60%, that the price will go up again in
year 2. However, if the price went down in year 1, the probability that the price will go
up in year 2 is only 10%.
a) (45 points) Develop a decision tree for this problem with all the labels, probabilities
and payoffs.

b) (5 points) Redraw your decision tree in the space below and solve for the optimal
decision. Indicate the EMV of your solution.

Question 2 (20 points)


Recall the decision tree for Marys problem involving the outdoor show from homework
#1 below.

a) (10 points) What is the probability that it will be rainy on the day of the show?

b) (10 points) Assume the probability of a rainy forecast is not 0.1 but 0.2. Furthermore,
the probability that it rains following a rainy forecast is unchanged (i.e. 0.9). What
must the probability of rain following a sunny forecast be so that the overall
probability of rain is unchanged (i.e. the same as calculated in part a)?

Question 3 (30 points)


A potato farmer is trying to estimate her risk associated with the sales of this years crop.
She believes the probability of her yield (in tons) follows the distribution below.
Yield (tons)

Probability

210

10%

220

10%

230

40%

240

30%

250

10%

a) (10 points) Let cell A1 contain the formula =rand(). Write an Excel formula for cell
B1 that generates a random variable representing the yield size in tons.

b) (10 points) Now suppose the market price for potatoes follows the inverse demand
equation: Price = 15.5 0.05Yield + N, where N is a random variable that is
normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation 0.5. Write an Excel formula
for cell C1 that generates a random variable representing the market price.

c) (10 points) Assume the cell D1 gives the value of B1 multiplied by C1. In other
words, D1 is the random variable representing revenue. The calculation is repeated
1,000 times, with results in columns A through D and rows 1 to 1,000. Write an Excel
formula that estimates the probability that the farmers revenue falls between $2,000
and $2,500.

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