M.A. I Economics Syllabus

1
Shivaji University, Kolhapur

M.A. Economics
Structure of Papers for M.A. Economics
M.A. Part- I
(To be introduced from June, 2010)
Group- C (Compulsory) (Two Papers from Group- C)
Paper-I
Paper-II
Paper III
Micro Economic Analysis

Quantitative Methods
OR
Economics of Growth and Development
Group- C-1 (Optional) Any Two Papers from Group- C-1 of the following
OR
Any one Paper from Group- C-1 and any one paper from Group-C-2 (IDS) of
the following
Paper-VII
: Resource Economics
Paper VIII
: Economics of Environment
Paper IX
: Principles and Practice of Co-operation
Paper X
: Indian Economic Policy
Paper XI
: Industrial Economics
Paper XII
: Agricultural Economics
Paper XIII
: Financial Institutions and Markets
Paper XIV
: Welfare Economics
Paper XV
: International Trade and Finance
Paper XVI
: Economics of Money and Banking
Group C-2: IDS (Any One)

Paper XVII : Health Economics
Paper XVIII
: Mathematical Economics
Paper XIX
: Demography
Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

M.A. Part-I Economics
Revised syllabus (from June 2010)
Group- C. Compulsory Paper-I
MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
PREAMBLE:
This paper is analyzes the economic behaviour of individual firms

and markets. It is mainly concerned with the objective of equipping the
students in a vigours and comprehensive manner with the various aspects
of consumer behaviour and demand analysis, production theory and
behaviour of cost, equilibrium of firm and various markets. It also deals
with factor pricing and welfare economics.
SECTION I
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
1:1 Basic Economic Problems Scarcity & choice
1:2 Methodology of Economics- Deductive and Inductive
methods
1:3 Basic assumptions in Economic analysis
1:4 Equilibrium- Characteristics of general and partial
equilibrium
UNIT 2 DEMAND ANALYSIS
2:1 Theories of Demand I Cardinal Utility approach
2:2 Theories of Demand - II Indifference curve -Properties,
Consumers equilibrium. Price, Income and Substitution
effects, (Hicks Allen Eugene Slutsky method)
2:3 Theories of Demand - III Revealed Preference Theory,
Hicks Revision of demand theory.
2:4 Elasticity of Demand Price, Income & Cross elasticity of
demand, Measurement of Price elasticity of demand
UNIT 3- THEORY OF PRODUCTION
3:1 Production function - Law of Variable Proportions and
Returns to Scale
3:2 Isoquants Properties, Producers equilibrium, Isoquants
and production function.
3.3 Linear Homogenous production function, Cobb
Douglas Production function.
UNIT 4 - COST AND REVENUE

4:1 Cost concepts- Accountants and Economists Approach,
Private and social costs, opportunity cost, fixed, variable
and total costs, average and marginal costs
4:2 Traditional and Modern theories of cost
4:3 Revenue concepts Average, Marginal and Total
Revenue, revenue curves under different market
conditions
SECTION-II
UNIT 5 - PRICE AND OUTPUT DETERMINATION I
5:1 Prefect competition: Features, Price
determination in short and long run, Equilibrium
of Firm and Industry
5:2 Monopoly: Price and output determination, Price
discrimination
5:3 Monopsony : Bilateral Monopoly
UNIT 6 PRICE AND OUTPUT DETERMINATION II

6:1 Monopolistic competition features, equilibrium of the
firm and Group, Excess capacity, Defects in
monopolistic competition
6:2 Equilibrium of the firm and group with product
differentiation and selling cost
6:3 Oligopoly - Price and output determination Non
Collusive: Kinky demand curve and price rigidity,
Collusive: Price leadership, Cartels and Game Theory
UNIT 7 - FACTOR PRICING
7:1 Marginal Productivity Theory, Eulers Theorem
7:2 Modern Theories of Rent and Wages
7:3 IS-LM model
7:4 Dynamic theory of profit, Innovation Theory, Risk and
Uncertainty bearing theory
UNIT 8 - WELFARE ECONOMICS

8:1 Pigous Theory of Welfare Economics
8:2 Conditions of Pareto Optimality
8:3 Rawls Theory of justice equity efficiency trade off
8:4 Arrows Impossibility theorem, Amertya Sens
Critique on Arrows theorem
BASIC READING LIST

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Stigler G. (1996), Theory of Price, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of

India, New Delhi.
Sen. A. (1999), Microeconomics : Theory and Application,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
Kreps David M. (1990), ACourse in Microeconomic Theory,
Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Samuelson, P. A. and Nordhaus (1998), Economics, 16th Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
Verian H. (2000), Microeconomic Analysis, W.W. Norton, New
York.
Michale Perkin (1996), Economics, 3rd Edition, Addison
Westey Publishing Company, Inc. USA.
Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979), Modern Microeconomics, 2nd Edition,
MacMillian Press, London.
Layard, P.R.G. and A.W. Walters (1978, Microeconomics
Theory, McGraw Hill, New York.
Ahuja H. L. (2003), Advanced Economic Theory :
Microeconomics Analysis, 13th Edition, S. Chand and Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Alan Griffiths & Stuart Klall : Intermediate Micro Economics
Theory and applications, Longman.
Sen. A. (1999), Microeconomics : Theory and Applications,
Chaturvedi, Gupta and Pall (2002), Business Economics : Text
and Cases, Galgotia Pub. Com., New Delhi.
Baumol, W.J. 91982), Economics Theory and Operations
Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Baumol, W.J. 91982), Economics Theory and Operations
Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Green H.A.G. (1971), Consumer Theory, Penguni Harmonds,
Worth.
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
Henderson, A. M. and R. E. Quandi (1980), Microeconomics

Theory, A Mathematical Approach, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Hirshleifer, J. and A. Glazar (1997), Price Theory and
Applications, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Da Costa Goco (1980), Production Proce & Districution, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Healthfields & Wibe (1987), An Introduction to Cost and
Production Functions, McMillian, London.
Hirdhieifer J. Glazar (1997), Price Theory and Applications,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Dewett K. K., Modern Economic Theory, S. Chand & Company
Ltd., Revised Edition, 2005.
Layard P.R.G. & A.W. Walters (1978), Micro Economic
Theory, McGrawm Hill, New York.
Broadway R. W. & Bruse (1984), Welfare Economics, Busil
Blackwell, London.
Bain J. 91958), Barries to New Competition, Harrard University
Press, Harward.
Graff J. De. V. (1957), Theoretical Welfare Economics,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mishan E. J. (1969) Welfare Economics & Assessment, North
Holland Amsterdam.
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ifCydskUl] bLykeiwj] ft- lkaxyh]

Group- C. Compulsory Paper-II
QUANTITATIVE METHODS
OBJECTIVES:
1) To introduce basic methods in mathematics and statistics.
2) To highlight the application of quantitative methods for economic
analysis.
SECTION I
UNIT 1: LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES
1.1
Functions, Limits, Continuity and Derivatives
1.2
Rules of differentiation, Partial differentiation rules and interpretation
1.3
Applications in Demand, Elasticities, Cost and Production functions
UNIT 2: MAXIMA AND MINIMA:

2.1
Concepts of maxima and minima, Problems of determining extreme

values.
2.2
Integration definition and rules.
UNIT 3: MATRICES:
3.1 Concept of Matrix Types, Operation on Matrices, Inverse and rank of a
matrix.
3.2 Determinants and solutions of simultaneous equations through matrix.
3.3
Basics of Input Output Analysis.
UNIT 4: LINEAR PROGRAMING:

4.1
Formulating an Linear Programming problem
4.2
Solution of L.P. Problem through graphical and simplex method, Dual

problem.
4.3
Introduction to Game theory.
SECTION: II
UNIT 5: BASIC STATISTICS:
5.1
Correlation Karl Pearsons Coefficient of Correlation and Spearmans

Rank Correlation
5.2
Regression Analysis: Linear regression and numerical problems
5.3
Least square method
UNIT 6: PROBABILITY THEORY:

6.1
Definition, Laws of addition and multiplication of probability,
6.2
Conditional probability
6.3
Bayes Theorem
UNIT 7: DISTRIBUTIONS:
7.1
Bionomical distribution
7.2
Poisson distribution
7.3
Normal distribution
UNIT 8: SAMPLING & HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

8.1
Simple and Random sampling
8.2
Stratified and purposive sampling
8.3
Formulation of Null and Alternative hypothesis
8.4
Hypothesis Testing based on t, z and X2.
BASIC READING LIST:

Allen, R. G. D. (1974), Mathematical Analysis for Economists, Macmillan
Press and ELBS, London.
Chiang, A. C. (1986), Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics,
McGraw Hill, New York.
Gupta, S. C. (1993), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S. Chand & Sons.,
New Delhi.
Handry, A. T. (1999), Operations Research, Prentice Hall of India, New Deli.
Speigal, M. R. (1992), Theory and Problems of Statistics, McGraw Hill Book
Co., London.
Taha, H. A., (1997), Operations Research: An Introduction (6th Edition),

Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Yamane, Taro (1975), Mathematics for Economists, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi.
Daumol, W. J. (1984), Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Monga, G. S. (1972) Mathematics and Statistics for Economists, Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi.
Vygodsky, G. S. (1971), Mathematics Handbook (Higher Mathematics), Mir
Publishers, Moscow.
Mathur. P. N. and R. Bharadwaj (Eds.) (1967), Economic Analysis in InputOutput Research, Input-Output Research Association of India, Pune.
Hadley, G. (1962), Linear Programming, Addison Wesley Publishing Co.,
Massachusetts.
Kothari, C. R. (1992), An Introduction to Operations Research, Vikas
Mustafi, C. K. (1992), Operations Research: Methods and Practice, Wiley
Eastern, New Delhi.
Chou, Y. (1975), Statistical Analysis, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York.
Croxton, Crowden and Klein (1971), Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi.
Millar. J. (1996), Statistics for Advanced Level, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Nagar, A. L. and R. K. Das (1993), Basic Statistics, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
Goon, A. M., K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta (1993), Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. 1, The World Press Ltd., Calcutta.
Hogg, R. V. And A. T. Craig (1970), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
(3rd Edition), Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
Sukhatme, P. V. and B. V. Sukhatme (1970), Sampling Theory of Survey with
applications, Lowa State University Press, Ames.

Group- C. Compulsory Paper-. III
ECONOMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
SECTION- I
UNIT 1 ECONOMIC GROWTH- I
1.1 Economic Growth and Economic Development
1.2 Factors Influencing Economic Growth
1.3 Growth Models- Harrod and Domar, Mrs Joan Robinson
UNIT 2 ECONOMIC GROWTH-II
2.1 Technology and Growth
2.2 Growth models- Sollow and Kaldor
2.3 Two Sector models- Ujawa, Tobin, Levhari, Patinkin and Johnson
2.4 Intellectual capital, Education and Research, A.K.Model
UNIT 3 HUMAN RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Development, Underdevelopment & Development gap
3.2 Human Resource Development, Population, Poverty and Pollution
3.3 Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI)
3.4 Economic development and state, criteria of good governance
UNIT IV THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Classical Theories of development Adam Smith, Ricardo, Malthus and
Karl Marx
4.2 Neo-Classical theories of development- Schumpeter, Ragnar Nurkse
4.3 Partial theories of Growth and development - Lewis, Big Push theory
4.4 Dualism theories of development Technical, Social and Economic
dualism
10
SECTION- II
UNIT V SECTORAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Role of Agricultural in Economic development
5.2 Role of Industry in Economic development
5.3 Role of Service sector in Economic development
5.4 Role of Physical Infrastructures in Economic development
UNIT VI TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

6.1 Internal trade and economic development
6.2 International trade and economic development
6.3 Free trade Vs Protective trade
6.4 WTO and developing countries
UNIT VII MACRO ECONOMIC POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT

7.1 Monetary policy and development
7.2 Fiscal Policy and development
7.3 Internal and External sources of finance and development
7.4 IMF, IBRD and development of developing countries
UNIT VIII INDIAN ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

8.1 Meaning, Nature and Objectives of Indian economic planning
8.2 Evaluation of Planning in India
8.3 11th Five year plan- objectives, targets, financing and evaluation
11
BASIC READING LIST

1. Adelman I. (1961) Theories of Economic development, Stanford University
Press,
2. Behrman S. and T.N. Srinivasan (1965), Handbook of Development
economics, Vol.3, Elsevier, Amesterdam
3. Brown M. (1966), On the Theory and Measurement of Technical Change,
Cambridge University, Press, Cambridger, Mass.
4. Chenary H.B. and T. N. Srinivasan, (Eds), (1989), Handbook of Development
Economics, Vol.1& 2,
5. Chenery, H. and T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.) (1989), Handbook of Development
Economics, vols. 1 & 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
6. Dasgupta, P. (1993), An Enquiry into Well-being and Destitution, Clarendon
Press, Oxford.
7. Ghatak, S. (1986) , An Introduction to Development Economics, Allen and
Unwin, London.
8. Gilliis, M. D. H. Perkins, M. Romer and D. R. Snodgrass (1992), Economics
of Development, (3rd Edition), W. W. Norton, New York.
9. Hogendorn, J. (1996), Economic Development, Addison, Wesley, New York.
10. Kahkonon, S. and M. Olson (2000), A New Institutional Approach to
Economic Development, Vistaar.
11. Kindleberger, C.P. (1977), Economic Development, (3rd Edition), McGraw
Hill, New York.
12. Meier, G. M. (1995), Leading Issues in Economic Development, (6th Edition),
13. Myint, Hla (1965), The Economics of Underdeveloped Countries, Preager,
New York.
14. Myint, H. (1971), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Countries, Oxford
University, New York.
15. Todaro, M. P. (1996), (6th Edition), Economic Development, Longman,
London.
16. Thirwas, A. P. (1999), (6th Edition), Growth and Development, Macmillan,
U.K.
12
17. Barrell, R. G. Mason and M. O. Mahoney (2000), Productivity, Innovation and
Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
18. Barrow, R. and X. Sela-I, Martin, Economic Growth, McGraw Hill, New York.
19. Chakravarti, S. (1982), Alternative approaches to the Theory of Economic
Growth, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
20. Hayami, Y. (1997), Development Economics, Oxford University Press, New
York.
21. Meadows, K. H. et. Al. (1972), The Limits to Growth, Universe Books, New
York.
22.
Sen, A. K. (Ed.) (1990), Growth Economics, Penguin, Harmondsworth. Solow,

R. M. (2000), Growth Theory: An Exposition, Oxford University Press,
Oxford.
23. Taylor, L. (1979), Macro Models for Developing Countries, McGraw Hill,
New York.
24. Mason, M. (1992), American Multinationals and Japan, Harvard University,
Press.
25. Therberge, J. D. (Ed.) (1968), Economics of Trade and Development, John
Wiley, New York.
26. Brahmananda, P. R. and C. N. Vakil (1956), Planning for and Expanding
Economy, Vora and Co., Bombay.
27.
Chakravarti, S. (1987), Development Planning: The Indian Experience,

Clarendon Press, Oxford. Gupta, S. B., (1988), Monetary Economics for India,
Macmillan, New Delhi.
28. Killick, T. (1995) IMF Programmes in Developing Countries: Design and

Impact, Rooutledgr, London.
29. World Bank (1993), East Asian Miracle, World Bank Report, Washington, D.
C.
30. World Bank (1994), Infrastructure and Development, World Bank,
Washington D. C.
31. United Nations (1994), Human Development Report, United Nations, New
York.
32. Mishan, E. J. (1975), Cost-Benefit Analysis (2nd Edition), Allen and Unwin,
London.
13
33. Thirwal, A.P. (1974), Inflation, Saving and Growth in Developing Economies,
Macmillan, London.
34. Therberge, J.D.et. (1968), Economics of Trade Development, John Wiley,
New York.
35. Dasgupata, P. (1993), An Enquiry into Well-being and Destitution, Clarendon
Press, Oxford.
36. Hirsch, A.O. (1958), The Strategy of Economics Development, Yale
University Press, New York.
37. Lewis, W. A. (1955), The Theory of Economic Growth, George Allen and
Unwin, London.
38. 31. Mehrotra, S and J. Richard (1998), Development with a Human Face;
Oxford University Press, New York
39. Mehrotra, S and J. Richard (1998), Development with a Human Face; Oxford
University Press, New Delhi
40. Meier, G. M. and D. Seers (Eds) (1987) Pioneers in Development, Oxford
41. Myrdal, G. (1957), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions,
Duckworth, London.
42. Schumpeter, J.A. (1949), The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
43. Todaro, M. P. (1971), Development Planning: Models and Methods, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
York.
45. Campbell, N. and F. Burton (Eds) (1994), Japanese Multinationals, Routledge,
New York
46. Dasgupta, P., A.K. Sen and S. Marglin (1972), Guidelines for Project
Evaluation, UNIDO, Vienna.
47. Hirsch, A. O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale
48. Ranis, G. and A. Mahmood (1992), Political Economy for Development,
Blackwell, Cambridge Mass.
49. Sen, A. (1992), Inequality Reexamined, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
14
York.
51. Chakravarti, S. (1987), Development Planning: The Indian Experience,
Clarodon Press, Oxford.
52. Bhagwati, J. and P. Desai (1970), India: Planning for Industrialization, Oxford
University Press, London.
53. 46. Grossman, G. and E. Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the
Global Economy, MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass
54. 47. Nayyar, D. (Ed.) (1994), Industrial Growth and Stagnation, The Debate in
India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
55. 48. Todaro, M.P. (1971), Development Planning; Models and Methods,
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
56. 49. Wiess. J. (1988), Industry in Developing Countries, Croom Helm, London.
57. 5o. Grossman, G. and Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global
Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
58. 51. Hayami, Y. (1997), Development Economics, Oxford University Press,
New York.
59. 52. Hayami, Y. and M. Akoi (Eds.) (1998), The Institutional Foundations of
East Asian Economic Devevlopment, Macmillan, London.
60. 53. Killick, T. (1995), IMF Programmes in Developing Countries: Design and
Impact, Routledge, London.
61. 54. Kuznets, Simon (1971), Economic Growth of Nations, Total Output and
Production Structure, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
62. 55. Little, I. M. D. (1982), Economic Development: Theory and International
Relations, Basic Books, New York.
15

Group- C-1. Optional Paper-. VII
RESOURCE ECONOMICS
PREAMBLE
Since 1972 onwards, the new branch of Economics such as Resource
Economics, Environmental Economics has been developed. The quality of
environmental resources is being fastly deteriorated. As a result of this there is much
discussion on the planned use of resources. This paper discusses the concept of
resources, rational use of resources, various approaches regarding the use of resources.
The various measures to control the quality of resources are also included in this
paper.
SECTION- 1
UNIT-1 CONCEPT OF RESOURCES
1.1: Renewable and non-renewable, Living and non living resources
1.2: Economic development and resources Decision making over time and
rationality in resource use
1.3: Property rights and natural resources
1.4: Resource use and welfare maximization.
UNIT- 2 SCARCITY OF RESOURCES
2.1: Elementary Capital Theory.
2.2: Malthusian approach Stationary state of the classicals Club of Rome approach
2.3: Steady State School.
2.4: Sustainable development Weak and Strong Sustainability, Indicators of non
sustainability.
2.5: Bio-sphere and economic growth.
UNIT-3 OPTIMAL RATE OF EXTRACTION
3.1: Privately Owned resources and common property rights.
3.2: Tragedy of Commons and prisoners dilemma
3.3: Gray's model Hotelling's Model.
3.4: Biodiversity Intellectual Property Rights, Plant Breeders Rights Geographical
Indication Agreement
16
UNIT- 4 BIO-ECONOMICS
4.1: Bionomic equilibrium Harvesting under open access, Socially optimal harvests
under private property rights Regulation of harvesting Taxes Quota Sole
ownership (to be discussed with reference to fishery and forestry)
4.2: People's participation and people's movements against resource degradation, Role
of NGOs.
4.3: Types of externalities, Public good and merit good.
4.4: Types of pollutions Measurement of pollutions (air, water, sound and soil),
Measures to control pollutions.
SECTION- II
UNIT-5 RESOURCE PRICING
5.1: Various methods of resource valuation and resource degradation.
5.2: Institutional mechanism in resource management.
5.3: Green Accounting, (System of Economic And Environmental Accounting
Method (SEEA)).
5.4: Environmental Impact Assessment, Carbon Credit
UNIT-6 LAND, WATER AND POWER RESOURCES IN INDIA
6.1: Land use and land degradation
6.2: Water use and irrigation, water pollution, salinity
6.3: Power resources, solar, wind, tidal
UNIT- 7 LIVE STOCK RESOURCES IN INDIA
7.1: Bovine economy
7.2: Ovine economy
7.3: Poultry and Piggery
7.4: Livestock Census in India
UNIT- 8 FORESTRY, MINERAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDIA
8.1: Forest resource and deforestation
8.2: Fisheries
8.3: Mineral, Oil and gas resources
8.4: Human Resources- Health and Education
17
BASIC READING LIST
1. Hartwick, J. M. & Olewiler, N. D., The Economics of Natural Resource Use.
2. Randall, A., Resource Economics
3. Barnet, H. J. and Morse, C. , Scarcity and Growth : The Economics of Natural
Resource Activity.
4. Conrad, J. M. & Clark, C. W., Natural Resource Economics : Notes and Problems.
5. Dasgupta, P., The Control of Resources.
6. Dasgupta, P. and Heal, G. M., Economics Theory and Exhaustible Resources.
7. Nadkarni, M. V. and others, Political Economy of forest Use and Management in
India.
8. Karpagam, M., Environmental Economics.
9. World Resource Institute, World Resources, annual Reports, other publications.
10. The Hindu Survey of Environment, Various issues.
11. Report on NCA.
12. World Bank Reports, UNO Publications.
13. Journal of Bio-economics
18

Group- C-1. Optional Paper-. VIII
ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENT
PREAMBLE:
Environment has become part and parcel of living things in general, and
human beings in particular. Hence its study has a special significance. Therefore, the
present paper intends to study the various issues concerning the environment. The
study of environment in Economics is of recent origin. Economic dimension of the
environment is very much important. Its study enables to understand the economic
values of the environment and its services. Economics of Environment is not only an
applied branch of main stream Economics, but also a normative one. It is against this
overall backdrop, the present paper endeavours to study some of the environmental
issues, theoretical all well as applied.
SECTION I
UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS:
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Meaning, nature, Scope and Significance of Economics of

Environment
Economic Development and the EnvironmentCommon Property Resources and their depletion, Ecosystems Loss of
Biodiversity
Sustainable development.
UNIT-2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT:

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Environmental Problems of Industrial development: Water

Pollution, Air Pollution, Noise Pollution
Dpltion of ozone layer- Carbon Credit- Environment Friendly size of firm
Limits to growth theory
Special Economic Zones and the environment.
UNIT-3: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT:

3.1
3.2
3.3
4.4
4.5
Environmental Problems of Agricultural development- Salinity,

water logging, desertification of land
Excess use of water, fertilizers and pesticides, farm implements cropping
pattern
Natural farming
Environmental education and awareness among farmers
Forest depletion: Causes and impact, importance of social forestry.
19
UNIT-4: ROLE OF VARIOUS SECTORS IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION:
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Role of Public / Government, Private and Co-operative Sectors in

Environment Protection - Role of NGOs,
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Chipco movement,
Save the Western Ghats.
SECTION II
UNIT-5: ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION:
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Cost-benefit analysis- Environmental Impact AssessmentEnvironmental Audit

Environmental policyEconomics of Recycling
Energy Sources- Energy Production from waste.
UNIT: 6 RURAL AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS:

6.1
6.2
6.3
Rural and Urban environmental problems Population and the

Environment- Housing and Slums and the environmentRural Sanitation Scheme
Poverty and the Environment.
UNIT-7: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

7.1
WTO and environment - World Bank and the environment
7.2
Polluter pays principle trade and environment- Climate Change7.3
Natural Resource Accounting
7.4
International attempts to protect the environment: Movements, Laws, and
Agreements.
UNIT- 8: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN INDIA:
8.1
Environmental Policy in India- Environment protection laws in India
8.2
Central pollution Control Board,
8.3
State Pollution Control Boards
8.4
Local Bodies and Environment protection.
20
BASIC READING LIST:
1. Bhattacharya R.N. (Ed) (2001), Environmental Economics: An Indian
Perspective, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. U.Shankar (Ed)(2001), Environmental Economics , Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
3. Hanley, Shogren & White (2004), Environmental Economics in Theory and
Practice, Macmillan India limited, Delhi.
4. Gurjur and Mathur (2005), Environmental Studies, Ritu Publications, Jaipur.
5. Rajlaxmi & Birunda (1994) Environomics, Allied Publishers Limited, Madras
6. Baumal, W. J. & W. E. (1997), The Theory of Environmental Policy, Prentice
Hall, Englewood-Cliffs.
7. Bharadwaj, R. (1983), Managing Limits to Growth, Asian and Pacific
Development Centre, Kula Lumpur.
8. Dorfman, R. & N. Dorfman (Eds.) (1977), Economics of the
Environment, W W. Norton, New York.
9. Nijkamp, P. (Ed.) (1976), Environmental Economics, Vol. I & II, Martinus
Nijhoft, Leiden
10. Charles Perring (1987), Economy and Environment Cambridge
11. Ali, S. A. (1979), Resources for Future Economic Growth, Vikas
12. Rathore, M. S. (Ed.) (1996), Environmental and Development, Rawat
Publications Jaipur.
13. Garge, M. R. (Ed.) (1996), Environmental Pollution and Protection,
Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi.
14. Lodha, S. L. (Ed.) (1991), Economics of Environment, RBSA
Publishers, Jaipur.
15.Singh, G. N. (Ed.) (1991), Environmental Economics, Mittal
Publications, New Delhi
16. Mehta, C. S. (1994), Environment and Law, RBSA Publishers, New
Delhi.
17. Karpagam, M. (1993), Environmental Economics, Sterling Publishers,
New Delhi
18. World Bank Report on Human Development.
19. The Hindu Survey of Environment; Annual Reports.
21

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- IX
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CO- OPRATION
PREAMBLE
The objective of this paper is to create awareness about the working of cooperative organizations on rural and urban areas. The cooperative movement has been
considered as the third important sector in the economy followed by private and
public sectors. The principles of cooperation and the values of the co-operative
institution have been included in this syllabus. The paper also deal with cooperative
credit, non-credit co-operatives, national level cooperative institutions and various
intuitions related to agriculture sector.
SECTION I
UNIT-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Meaning and Characteristics of co-operation
1.2 Manchesters Principles of co-operation
1.3 Co-operative movement and capitalism, Co-operative movement and
socialism : A comparative analysis
1.4 Co-operation in mixed economy
UNIT-2 CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT: ORGANIZATION, PROGRESS AND
PROBLEMS IN INDIA
2.1 Primary Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies
2.2 District Central Co-operative Banks
2.3 State co-operative Banks
2.4 Urban co-operative Banks
UNIT-3 NON CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES: ORGANIZATION, PROGRESS
AND PROBLEMS IN INDIA
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Agricultural Marketing societies

Processing Co-operative societies
Consumer Co-operative societies
Housing Co-operative societies
Labour Co-operative societies
UNIT-4 CO-OPERATIVES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

4.1
England-Consumers Co-operatives
4.2
Germany-Credit Co-operatives
4.3
Denmark-Dairy Co-operatives
4.4
Israel-Co-operative Farming
22
SECTION II
UNIT-5 STATE AND CO-OPERATION
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Role and functions of Co-operative department

Co-operative Audit
Co-operative legislation
Recommendations of Vaidya Nathan committee
UNIT-6 INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT TO CO-OPERATIVES

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Reserve Bank of India (R.B.I.)

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
National Co-operative Development Corporation (N.C.D.C.)
State Bank of India (S.B.I.)
UNIT-7 CO-OPERATIVE LEADERSHIP

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Definition
Role of Leadership in Co-operative Movement
Quality of Leadership
Characteristics of Leadership
UNIT-8 CO-OPERATION AND PLANNING :

8.1 Professionalisation of Co-operative management
8.2 Development of Co-operatives under Planning in India (Latest 3 five
years plans)
8.3 Evaluation of the Co-operative movement in India since independence
23
BASIC READING LIST

1)raya#aolakr-DaMgao-sahkar : t%vao AaiNa vyavahar maohta piblaiSaMga ha}sa puNao-30
2)kamat gaao.sa.sahkar t%vao AaiNa vyavahar va vyavasqaapna ma.iva.ga`.ina.ma.naagapUr
3)caaOgaulao-pzaNa,BaartatIla sahkar caLvaL Baaga 1 va 2 ka^inTnaoMTla p`kaSana puNao
4)saraf maaohna,sahkar,raivala p`kaSana saatara
5)naarvao iva.Sa.sahkarI baMi^ kMga maharaYT/ rajya sahkarI saMGa puNao
6) Bedi R.D. - Theory History and practice of Co-operation. With reference to
Co-operation in foreign countries.
7) Mathus B.S. - Co-operation in India (latest edition)
8) Hajela T.N. principles, problem and practice of Co-operation, Shivlal
Agarwal publication. Agra 1985.
9) NABARD : Statistical statement relating to the Co-operative movement in
India Part 1 and 2.
10) Maheshchand
1) Cooperation in china and Japan.
2) Economical theory and Co-operation Analysis Prentice hall of
India Ltd. New delhi,1966.
11) Digby World Co-operative Movement.
12) R.B.I. Revies of the Co-operative Movements in India.
13) Kamat G.S. New dimensions in Co-operatives. Himalaya Publishing
House,Bombay.
14) Government of Maharashtra - Co-operative movement at a Glance (latest
annual report)
15) Dinesh C. 1970 Co-operative Leadership and management An
Empirical Approch VANICOM.
16)Karve D.G. 1963 Co-operative Leadership in south east Asia publishing
House, Mumbai.
24

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- X
INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY
PREAMBLE
The objective of this Paper at the postgraduate level would be to sharpen
the analytical faculty of the student, by highlighting an integrated approach to
the functioning aspects of the Indian economy, keeping in view the scope for
alternative approaches. Such an analysis is essential because the Indian
economy is a unique amalgam of alternative competing and often conflicting
theories and a proper understanding of its working is imperative if the student
is to comprehend the ramifications that underlie most of the observed
phenomena in the Indian economic set-up. The emphasis of the paper is on
overall social, political and economic environment influencing policy decisions.
To develop all these themes, the course is divided into specific modules.
SECTION I
UNIT- 1 ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
1.1 Economic Planning: Objectives and strategy, achievements and

failures of five year plans
1.2 Sustainable Development: Meaning and definition, Objectives,
Causes of environmental degradation and Government policies
1.3 Human Development Index (HDI), Physical Quality Life Index
(PQLI), and Gender Development Indices (GDI)
1.4 Role of Government in the reforms era
UNIT-2
DEMOGRAPHIC
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
FEATURES,
UNEMPLOYMENT,
2.1 Demography: Broad demographic features, National population

policy 2000
2.2 Unemployment: Nature and extent, Causes, Government policy
2.3 Poverty: Extent and causes, Major poverty alleviation programmes
25
2.4 Inequality: Extent and causes, Measures

UNIT-3 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES
3.1 Social Infrastructure: Education and Health National Health Policy

2002
3.2 Regional Imbalance: Indicators, causes, policy measures
3.3 Financing for Social Infrastructure Development: Investment in
infrastructure, Infrastructure in the 11th Five Year plan
UNIT- 4 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
4.1 Land Reforms: Aspects and appraisal

4.2 New Agricultural Strategy: Achievements and weaknesses, Future
prospects, the National commission on farmers and Second Green
Revolution
4.3 Agricultural Finance: Institutional credit- growth, shortcomings and
problems, Microfinance, Kisan credit cards
4.4 Agricultural Marketing: Problems and Measures, Issues in Food
Security
SECTION- II
UNIT- 5 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
5.1 Industrial Policy statement 1991

5.2 Privatization and Disinvestment
5.3 Small Scale sector: Problems and policy measures, Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises, Development Act- 2006- main provisions
5.4 WTO and Indian Industry
UNIT -6 PUBLIC FINANCE
6.1 Centre State Financial Relations 12th Finance Commission

Finances of Central Government and State Governments
6.2 Fiscal Sector Reforms
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act.2003
26
6.3 Parallel Economy

UNIT- 7 MONEY, BANKING AND PRICES
7.1 Money and Capital Markets and SEBI

7.2 Financial Sector Reforms
7.3 Review of monetary policy
7.4 Analysis of Price behaviour and Price Policy of the Govt.
UNIT -8 EXTERNAL SECTOR
8.1 Foreign trade: Trends in Volume, Composition, Direction since 1991,

Balance of Payments, Export Import Policy, Convertibility of Rupee
8.2 WTO and Indias Foreign Trade
8.3 Govt. policies towards foreign capital - MNCs in India
BASIC READING LIST

1. Ahluwalia, I. J. and I. M. D Little (Eds.) (1999), India's Economic Reforms
and Development (Essays in honour of Manmohan Singh), Oxford University
Press,New Delhi.
2. Bardhan, P. K. (9th Edition) (1999), The Political Economy of Development
in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
3. Bawa, R. s. and P. S. Raikhy (Ed.) (1997), Structural Changes in Indian
Economy,Guru Nanak Dev University Press, Amritsar.
4. Brahmananda, P. R. and V. R. Panchmukhi (Eds.) (2001), Development
Experience in the Indian Economy: Inter-State Perspectives, Book well, Delhi.
5. Chakravarty, S. (1987), Development Planning : The Indian Experience,
6. Dantwala, M. L. (1996), Dilemmas of Growth : The Indian Experience, Sage
Publications, New Delhi.
7. Datt, R. (Ed.) (2001), Second Generation Economic Reforms in India, Deep
& Deep Publications, New Delhi.
8. Government of India, Economic Survey (Annual), Ministry of Finance, New
Delhi.
9. Jain, a. K. (1986), Economic Planning in India, Ashish Publishing House,
New Delhi.
10. Jalan, B. (1992), The Indian Economy Problems and Prospects, Viking,
New Delhi.
11. Jalan, B. (1996), India's Economic Policy Preparing for the Twenty First
Century, Viking, New Delhi.
27
12. Joshi, V. and I. M. D. Little (1999), India : Macro Economics and Political
Economy, 1964-1991, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
13. Parikh, K. S. (1999), India Development Report 1999-2000, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi8.
14. Reserve Bank of India, Report on Currency and Finance, (Annual).
15. Sandesara, J. c. (1992), Industrial Policy and Planning, 1947-19919 :
Tendencies, Interpretations and Issues, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
16. Sen, R. K. and B. Chatterjee (2001), Indian Economy : Agenda for 21st
Century (Essays in honour of Prof. P. R. Brahmananda), Deep & Deep
17. Haq, M. (1996), Reflections on Human Development, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
18. Thirlwall, A. P. (1997), Economic Development in the Third World,
Addison-Wesley, England.
19. United Nations Development Programme (1997), Human Development
Report, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
20. Byres, t. J. (Ed.) (1998), The Indian Economy : Major Debates Since
Independence, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
21. Chatopadhyaya, M., P. Matiti and M. Rakshit (Eds.) (1996), Planning and
Economic Policy in India Evaluation and Lessons for the Future, Sage
22. Government of India, Planning Commission (1999), Ninth Five Year Plan,
1997- 2000, Vol. I & II, New Delhi.
23. Kabra, K. N. (1997), Development Planning in India, Sage Publications,
New Delhi.
24. Brahmananda, P. R. and V. R. Panchmukhi (Eds.) (1987), The
Development Process of the Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay.
25. Chelliah, Raja J. and r. Sudarshan (1999), Income, Poverty and Beyond :
Human Development in India, Social Science Press, New Delhi.
26. Dandekar, V. M. (1996), The Indian Economy, 1947-92, Vol. II, Sage
27. Hanumantha Rao, C. H. and H. Linnemann (Eds.) (1996), Economic
Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
28. Subramanian, S. (Ed.) (1997), Measurement of Inequality and Poverty,
Oxford University Press, Calcutta.
29. World Bank (2000), India : Reducing Poverty, Accelerating Economic
Development, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
30. Frederick, H. and A. M. Charles (1970), Education, Manpower and
Economic Growth, New Delhi.
31. Government of India, Planning Commission (1999), Ninth five Year Plan,
1997- 2002, Vol. II, New Delhi.
32. Tilak, J. B. C. (1993), Costs and financing of Education in India : A
Review of Issues, Problems and Prospects (Mimeo), National Institute of
Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi.
33. Appu, P. S. (1996), Land Reforms in India, Vikas, New Delhi.
28
34. Joshi P. C. (1975), Land Reforms in India, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
35. Narain, D. (1988), Studies on Indian Agriculture, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
36. Ahluwalia, I. J. (1985), Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
37. Bhagwati, J. N. and P. Desai (1970), India : Planning for Industrialization,
Oxford University Press, London.
38. Datta, B. (1978), Economics of Industrialization, The Bookland, Calcutta.
39. Mookherjee, d. (Ed.) (1997), Indian Industry : Policies and Performance,
40. Swamy, D. s. (1994), The Political Economy of Industrialization : from
Selfreliance
to Globalization, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
41. Bhargava, P. K. (1991), India's Fiscal Crisis, Ashish Publishing House,
New Delhi.
42. Chelliah, Raja J. (1996), Towards Sustainable Growth Essays in Fiscal
and Financial Sector Reforms in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
43. Gupta, S. P. (1998), Post-Reform India : Emerging Trends, allied
Publishers, New Delhi.
44. Kumar, A. (1999), The Black Money in India, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
45. Lucas, R. E. B. and F. Papanek (Eds.) (1988), The Indian Economy
Recent Development and Future Prospects, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
46. Mundle, s. (1999), Public Finance : Policy Issues for India, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
47. Bhole, L. M. (2000), Indian Financial System, Ghugh Publications,
Allahabad.
48. Machiraju, H. R. (1998), Indian Financial System, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi.
49. Rangarajan, C. (1998), Indian Economy : Essays on Money and Finance,
UBS, New Delhi.
50. Reserve Bank of India, Report on Currency and Finance (Annual).
51. Debroy, B. (1992), Foreign Trade Policy Changes and Devaluation, B. R.
Publishing Corporation, Delhi.
52. Martinussen, J. (1988), Transnational Corporations in a Developing
Country The Indian Experience, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
53. Mukherjee, N. (1988), India's International Payments Imbalances, Mayur
Offset, Calcutta.
54. Nayyar, D.(Ed.) (1997), Trade and Industrialization, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
55. Nayyar, D. (1976), India's Exports and Export Policies in the 1960s,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
56. Sen, S. (2000), Trade and Dependence : Essays on the Indian Economy,
Sage Publications, New Delhi.
29
57. Verma, M. L. (1995), International Trade, Vikas Publishing House Private

Ltd., Delhi.
58. Basu, K. et. al. (1995), Capital Investment and Development : Essays in
memory of Sukhamoy Chakravarty, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
59. Byers, T. J. (Ed.) (1997), The State, Development Planning and
Liberalization inIndia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
60. Dhameeja, N. and K. S. Sastry (1998), Privatization : Theory and Practice,
A. H. Wheeler, New Delhi.
61. Dubey, M. (1996), an Unequal Treaty : World Trading Order After GATT,
New Age International Ltd., Delhi.
62. Government of India, Economic Survey (annual).
63. Srinivasan, T. N. (Ed.) (2000), Eight Lectures on India's Economic
Reforms, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
64. Indian Development report 2008, edited by R. Radhakrishna, Oxford
University press.
65. C.N. Prasad, vibha mathur, Anup Chatterjee: 2007, Sixty years of the
Indian Economy- 1947-2007 (in 2 volums), New Century publications, New
Delhi, India- 110002
30

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XI
INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
___________________________________________________
PREAMBLE:
In the contemporary world with globalization and liberalization

more and more attention is being given to industry. This course intends to
provide knowledge to the students on the basic issues such as
productivity, efficiency, capacity utilization and debates involved in the
industrial development of India. The objective is to provide thorough
knowledge in a cogent and analytical manner in the Indian context.
SECTION I
UNIT- 1: FRAMEWORK AND PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS.
1.1: Concept and organization of a firm.
1.2: Ownership and control of a firm.
1.3: Objectives of a firm.
1.4: Passive and active behaviour of a firm.
UNIT 2: MARKET STRUCTURE:
2.1: Sellers concentration, product differentiation, Entry conditions.
2.2: Market Structure, profitability and innovations,
2.3:Theories of Industrial location - Weber and Saregent Florence, factors
affecting location.
UNIT 3: MARKET CONDUCT:

3.1: Product pricing theories and evidence,
3.2: Investment expenditure- methods of evaluating investment expenditure.
3.3: Theories and empirical evidence on mergers and acquisitions (m&a)
3.4: Industrial diversification.
UNIT 4 : MARKET PERFORMANCE:
31
4.1:
4.2:
4.3:
Size and growth of a firm, growth and profitability

firm, constraints on growth of a firm.
Productivity, efficiency of a firm
Capacity utilization of a firm - concept and measurement.
of
SECTION-II
Unit 5 : INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND POLICIES IN INDIA
5.1: Industrial policy in India since Independence
5.2: Role of Public and private sectors, recent trends in Indian industrial growth.
5.3: MNCs and transfer of technology,
5.4 Industrial economic concentration and remedial measures, Special Economic
Zones - (SEZs)
UNIT 6: INDUSTRIAL FINANCE

6.1: Sources of Industrial Finance.
6.2: Role of IFCI, SFCs, SIDBI, Commercial Banks.
6.3: Financial Statements Balance sheet, profit and loss account, assessment of
financial soundness, ratio analysis.
UNIT 7: INDUSTRIAL LABOUR
7.1:
7.2:
7.3:
7.4:
Structure of Industrial Labour, employment dimensions in Indian industries.

Labour legislations and Industrial relations,
Labour market reforms, Exit policy and social Security.
Impact of economic reforms on Labour market.
UNIT 8: CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SELECTED INDUSTRES

8.1: Iron and Steel, Cotton textiles, Sugar.
8.2: Infrastructure, Information and Technology Industry
8.3: Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
BASIC READING LIST
32
1. Ahulawalia, I.J. (1985), Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
2. Barthwal , R.R. (1985), Industrial Economics, Wiley Estern Ltd. New
Delhi.
3. Cherunilam, F.( 1994) Industrial Economics: Indian Perspective (3rd Ed),
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai.
4. Desai, B. (1999), Industrial Economy in India (3rd Ed), Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai.
5. Divine, P.J. and R.M. Jones et. Al. (1976), An Introduction to Industrial Economics,
George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London
6. Government of India , Economic Survey (Annul).
7. hay, D, and D.J. Morris (1979), Industrial Economics: Theory and Evidence,
Oxford University Press. New Delhi.
8. Kuohhal, S.C. (1980), Industrial Economy of India (5th Ed), Chaitanya Publishing
House Allahbad.
9. Reserve Bank of India, Report on Currency and Finance (Annual).
10. Singh, A. and A,N. Sadhu (1988), Industrial Economics, Himalaya Pjublishing
House, Bombay.
ADDITIONAL READING LIST
1. Bainbs, J.S. (1996), Industrial Organisation, Cheltenham, U.K.
2. Harndeen, J.S. (1975), The Economics of Corporate Economy, Dunellen Publishers,
New York.
3. Kamien, M.T. and N.L. Schwartrz (1982), Market Stricture and Innovation,
Cambridge University Prees, Cambridge.
4. Harndeen, J. B. (1975), The Economics f Corporate Economy, Dunellen Publishers,
New York.
5. Kirkpatrick, C.M, N.Lee and E.I. Nixon (1984), Industrial Structure and Policy in
Less Developed Countires, ELBS/ George Allen and Unwin, London.
6. Menon, K.S.V. (1979), Development of Backward Areas through Incentives, Asia
Publishing House, Bombay.
7. Smith, D.M. (1971), Industrial Location: An Economic and Geographic Analysis,
Jhon Wiley, New York.
8. Bagchi, A. and M. Bancrjee (Eds). (1979), Change and Choice in India Industry,
Bagchi Publications. Culcutta.
9. Kelkar, V.l. and V.V Bhaanoji Rao (Eds) (1996), India Development policy
Imperatives, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
10. Hagawati J. and P. Desai (1972), India: Planning for Industrialization, Ozford
University Press. London,
11. Brahmananda, PR. And V,F. Panchmukhi (Eds) (1987), The Development Process
of the Indian Economy, Himalaya Plublishing House Bonmbay.
12. Chakraarty. S. (1987), Development Planning: The Indian Experience, Oxford
university Press, New Delhi.
13. Datta, B. (1992) Indian Planning at the Crossroads, Oxford university Press New
Delhi.
14. Ghosh, P.K. (1977) Government and Industry, Oxford university Press New
Delhi.
15. Joshi, V. and I. M. D.Little (1999) India: Macro Economics and Political
Economy: 1964-1991, oxford University Press New Delhi.
33
16. Dhameeja, N. and K.S. Sastry (1998) , Privatisation: theory and Practice, A.H.
Wheeler, New Delhi.
17. Jalan, V. and I.M.D. Little (1999) India: Macro Economics and Political
Economy: 1964-1991, xford University Press New Delhi.
18. Rama Murti, R and R Verman (Eds) (1996) Privatization and control of State
owned Enterprses, the World Bank, Washington.
19. Sandesara, J.C. (1992) Industrial Policy and Planning- 1947-1991: Tendencies,
Interpretations and issues, Sage Publications. India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
20. Gupta , L.C. (1969) The Changing Structure of Industrial Finance in India,
Oxfford University Press New Delhi.
21. Khan, M.Y. (1981) Indian Financial System, Allied Publishers, New Delhi.
22. Sen. R. and B. Charrerjee (2001), Indian Economy: Agenda for the 21st Century
(Essays in Honour of Professor P.R. Brahmananda) Deep and Deep Publications Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi.
34

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XII
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
___________________________________________________
PREAMBLE
The objective of this course is to provide a detailed treatment of issues
in agricultural economics to those intending to specialize in this area. Its
objective is to familiarize students with policy issues that are relevant to Indian
agricultural economics and enable them to analyze the issues, using basic
micro-economic concepts.
SECTION I
UNIT- 1 AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1.1 Meaning, nature and scope of agricultural economics

1.2 Traditional agriculture and its modernization
1.3 Interdependence between agriculture and industry
1.4 Role of agriculture in economic development
UNIT 2 DIVERSIFICATION OF RURAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
2.1 Livestock economics Livestock resources and their productivity

2.2 Problems of marketing, White revolution, Fishery and poultry
development; Forestry; Horticulture and Floriculture
2.3 Issues and problems in rural industrialization.
2.4 Rural infrastructure: Progress and Problems - Water, energy,
transport, communication, banking and electrification
UNIT 3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY
3.1 Agricultural production Resource and efficiency in traditional

agriculture, Production function analysis in agriculture, factor
combination and resource substitution, cost and supply curves.
3.2 Size of farm and laws of returns Theoretical and empirical findings
3.3 Farm budgeting and cost concepts, supply response of individual
crops and aggregate supply
3.4 Technical change and agricultural productivity
UNIT 4 LAND REFORMS AND LAND POLICY:
4.1 Principles of land utilization, land distribution structure and trends,

land values and rent.
35
4.2 Land tenures and farming systems Peasant, Capitalist, Collective,

State and Contract farming
4.3 Tenancy and crop sharing forms, incidence and effects.
4.4 Land reform measures and performance, Women and land reforms,
Problems of marginal and small farmers
SECTION - II
UNIT 5 RURAL LABOUR MARKET
5.1 Rural labour supply, interlocking of factor markets, mobility of

labour and segmentation in labour markets
5.2 Marginalisation of rural labour, nature, extent and trends in rural
unemployment
5.3 Agricultural wages in India, male-female wage differences
5.4 Non-agricultural rural employment, trends and determinants
UNIT 6 RURAL FINANCE
6.1 Role of capital and rural credit, organized and unorganized capital
markets
6.2 Rural savings and capital formation,
6.3 Characteristics and sources of rural credit institutional and noninstitutional
6.4 Reorganization of rural credit co-operatives, commercial banks,
regional rural banks, micro finance, Role of NABARD
UNIT 7 AGRICULTURAL PRICES AND POLICY
7.1 Marketing and state policy: Agricultural market and marketing

efficiency Marketing functions and costs; Market structure and
imperfections, regulated markets, marketed and marketable surplus
7.2 Behaviour of agricultural prices, Cobweb model, price and income
stability
7.3 State policy with respect to agricultural marketing, warehousing
prices, taxation and crop insurance
7.4 Terms of trade between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors,
need of state intervention, objectives of agricultural price policy
instruments and evaluation, Commission for Agricultural Costs and
Prices (CACP)
36
UNIT 8 AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN INDIA
8.1 Recent trends in agricultural growth in India: Inter-regional

variations in growth of output and productivity, Shifts in cropping
pattern
8.2 Supply of inputs irrigation, power, seed and fertilizers, pricing of
inputs and role of subsidies
8.3 Distribution of gains from technological change, strategy of
agricultural development and technological progress, sustainable
agriculture
8.4 Role of public investment and capital formation in Indian agriculture
BASIC READING LIST

1. Agriculture in Economic Development ( 1964), Carl Eicher and
Lawrence wit, Mcgraw Hill Book Company, New York
2. Bilgram, S.A.R,(1966), Agricultural Economics, Himalaya Pub. House,
Delhi.
3. Ghatak S. and K. Ingerscent, (1964), Agriculture and Economic
Development, Select Books, New Delhi
4. Raj K.N. (1988) Essays in Commercialization of Indian Agriculture,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi
5. Thamarajalaxmi R. (1994), Intersectorsl Relationship in Developing
Economy, Academic Foundation, Delhi
6. Papola T.S. (1982), Rural Industrilization in India, Himalaya Pub.
House, Delhi.
7. Sadhu A.N. & Singh Amarjit, Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics
(1966), Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi.
8. Soni R.N.(1955), Leading Issues in Agricultural Economics, Arihant
Press, Jalandhar
9. Wanmali S. and C. Ramasamy (Eds)( 1995), Developing Rural
Infrastructure, McMillan, New Delhi
10. Govt. of India, (1976), Report of National Commission on Agriculture,
New Delhi
11. Memoria C. B., Agricultural Problems of India
12. Lekhi R.K., Agricultural Problems in India
13. Datt and Sundaram (2008), Indian Economy, S.Chand & Company,
New Delhi
14. Mishra & Puri, (2008), Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi
15. Vaidhanathan, A. (1995), The Indian Economy: Crisis, Response and
Prospects, Orient Longmans, New Delhi.
16. John W. Penson, Oral Capps, C.Parr Rosson, (1999), Introduction to
Agricultural Economics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
17. Agrawal A.N. & Kundan K.L. Agricultural Problems of India, Vikas
Pub. House, New Delhi
18. Khusro A.M. (1968) Leading issues in Agricultural Development,
Allied Publishers, Bombay
37

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XIII
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS.
_______________________________________________________________
PREAMBLE
The positive and significant role of financial institutions in the
process of growth and development has been very well recognized in the
literature and indeed has become more important during the last two decades as
the financial systems of different countries have become integrated in the
process of globalization. India is no exception and has taken for reaching
measures since 1991 in this direction. It is therefore, essential that the student
of economics should be well conversant with the theory and practice of
different financial institutions and markets to understand and analyse the
interconnection between the monetary forces and real forces, their
developmental role and limitations in shaping and influencing the monetary
and related policies both at the national and international levels.
SECTION- I
UNIT 1
NATURE AND ROLE OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM.

1.1 Money and finance, money and near money.
1.2 Nature and structure of financial system.
1.3 Functions of the financial market.
1.4 Indicators of Financial development.
UNIT 2
RISK AND RETURNS

2.1 Types of risk
2.2 Risk and financial assets
2.3 Valuation of securities
2.4 Criteria to evaluate assets and return on assets.
38
UNIT 3
STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATE

3.1 Classical and Keynesian theory of Interest Rate
3.2 IS-LM Model
3.3 Term Structure of Interest Rate - short and Long period rates
3.4 Spread between lending and deposit rate, Prime lending rate,
Appropriate Rate Policy.
UNIT 4
COMMERCIAL BANKING
4.1 Functions of Commercial Banking
4.2 Credit Creation and Its Limitations
4.3 Investment banking, Personal Banking, Merchant banking,
Investment policy of commercial Bank.
4.4 Financial sector reforms in India from 1991.
SECTION II
UNIT 5
CENTRAL BANKING
5.1 Functions of Central Bank
5.2 Instruments of Credit controls
5.3 Monetary Policy of R.B.I. - Aims, Objectives and
Effectiveness.
5.4 Financial Reforms since 1991 Narasimhum committee
reports- 1991, 1998.
UNIT 6
NON BANKING FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES.

6.1 Definition and types of NBFIs.
6.2 Growth and impact of NBFIs on Indias Economic
Development.
6.3 Measures to control NBFIs operations
6.4 Money Lenders and defects in their lending operations
39
UNIT 7
FINANCIAL MARKETS IN INDIA

7.1 Indian Money Market structure and characteristics
7.2 Sub Markets Call Money Market, Treasury bill Market,
commercial bill market, Certificate of Deposits, Commercial
Papers, Discount Market
7.3 Indian Capital Market Structure and types.
7.4 Role of SEBI ( Securities and Exchange Board of India) and
IRDA (Insurance Regulatory Development Authority)
UNIT 8
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET.

8.1 Exchange Rate Fixed, floating, Risk Hedging and futures in
exchange rates,
8.2 Problem of international Liquidity, Role of IMF
8.3 Role of IBRD, IFC, IDA and ADB with reference to India.
8.4 Euro-dollar Euro Currency Market
BASIC READING LIST

1)
Bhole L. M, Indian financial system, Chugh Publications, Allahabad.
2)
Bhole L. M. Financial installations and Markets.

Tata McGrow Hill com. New Delhi
3)
Harkar P. T and S. A. Zenios (2000 Ed) Performance of Financial

institutions. Cambridge.
4)
Johnson. H. J. Financial Institutions and Markets.

Mc Graw Hill New York.
5)
Khan M. Y. Indian financial system.

Tata Mc Graw Hill New Delhi
6)
Machiraju M. R. Indian financial System.

Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
7)
Prasad K. N. Development of Indias financial system.

Samp and sons New Delhi.
40
ADDITIONAL READING LIST.

1) Monetary Economics M. L. Sheth.
2) Money, banking and International trade by R. R. Paul.
3) Money, Banking, International trade and public finance by D. M.
Mithani.
4) Money, Banking and International trade by M. C. Vaish
5) Macro Economic theory by M. L. Jhingan.
6) General Theory employment interest and money by J. M. Keynes
7) Money banking trade and finance by K. P. M. Sundharam
8) Central banking in underdeveloped Money Market by Sen S. N.
9) Money, Income and Monetary Policy by Shaw E. S.
10) Essay on Money by Milton Friedman
11) Economics of Money and Banking By Chandler L. V.
12)
LFkwy vFkZkkL= & MkW- th- ,u- >kejs
13)
vk/kqfud LFkwG vFkZkkL= & izk- jke nskeq[k-
14)
eqnzk mRiUu vkf.k jkstxkj fl/nkar & izk- nso >kejs
15)
cWfdaxph eqyrRos & izk- kjn fxr
16)
cWd O;olk; vkf.k foRr & MkW- ch- ch- igwjdj
41

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XIV
WELFARE ECONOMICS
_______________________________________________________________
PREAMBLE
This paper emphasizes on the evaluation of normative significance

of economic events and issues forms the framework of welfare economics.
Many applied branches of economics such as public finance, cost-benefit
analysis, industrial economics and economics of government policy use
welfare economic criteria as their foundation.
SECTION - I
UNIT 1. PRINCIPLES OF WELFARE ECONOMICS
1.1
Origin and Concepts of Welfare Economics, national

income and welfare, Resources use and welfare.
1.2 State and welfare.
1.3 Globalization and Welfare.
UNIT 2. PRE-PARETIAN WELFARE ECONOMICS
2.1 Benthamite Approach to Aggregate Welfare

2.2 Optimum Resource Allocation and Welfare Maximization
2.3 Assumption of Uniform Income, Utility function of
Individuals, Question of Income Distribution, Issue of
Interpersonal Comparison of Utility.
UNIT 3. CONSUMER SURPLUS AND WELFARE ECONOMICS
3.1 Marshallian welfare economics

3.2 Concept of Consumer's Surplus, measurements
difficulties involved, Criticism
3.3 Hick's Four Consumer's surpluses,
3.4 Consumer's Surplus and Tax-Bounty Analysis.
UNIT 4. PARETIAN WELFARE ECONOMICS
4.1 Pareto optimality Optimum exchange conditions,

The Production optimum, The consumption optimum
4.2 Concepts of Contract curve and production
Possibility Frontier,
4.3 Top level optimum; Infinite number of non-comparable
Optima vs. unique social optima.
42
SECTION- II
UNIT 5. COMPENSATION CRITERIA
5.1 Contributions of Barone, Kaldor and Hicks.

5.2 The Scitovsky double criterion.
5.3 Concept of community indifference map.
UNIT 6. VALUE JUDGEMENT AND WELFARE ECONOMICS
6.1 Samuelson's utility possibility curve.

6.2 Bergson's social welfare function.
6.3 Arrows Impossibility theorem.
UNIT 7. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
7.1 Divergence between private and social costs,

Problems of non-market interdependence.
7.2 Externalities of production and consumption, External
economies and diseconomies.
7.3 Problems of public goods.
UNIT 8. RECENT APPROACHES
8.1 Second best optima

8.2 Marginal cost pricing
8.3 Cost-benefit analysis, Interdependent utilities.
8.4 Dynamic welfare economics.
43
BASIC READING LIST

1) Arrow, K. J. (1951), Social choice and Individual Values, Yale
University Press, New Haven.
2) Baumol, W. J. (1965), Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State
(Second Edition) Longmans, London.
3) Baumol, W. J. (Ed.) (2001), Welfare Economics, Edward Elgar
Publishing Ltd U K.
4) Broadway, R. W. and N. Bruce (1984), Welfare Economics, Basil
Blackwell, Oxford.
5) Duesenberry, J. S. 91949), Income, Saving and the Theory of
consumer Behaviour, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
6) Feldman, A. M. (1980), Welfare Economics and Social Choice theory
Martinus Nijhoff, Boston.
7) Graaff J. de V. (1957), Theoretical Welfare Economics, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
8) Little, I. M. D. 9139), A. Critique of Welfare Economics (2nd Edition),
Oxford University press, Oxford.
9) Marshall, A. (1946), Principles of Economics, Macmillan, London.
10) Myint, H. (1948), Welfare Economics, Macmillan, London.
11) Nicholas, B. (Ed.) (2001), Economic Theory and the Welfare state,
Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., U. K.
12) Pigou, A. C. (1962), The Economics of Welfare (4th Edition) Macmillan.
13) Quirk, J. and R. Saposnik (1968), Introduction to General Equilibrium
theory and Welfare Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
14) Samuelson, P. A. (1947), Foundations of Economic Analysis, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
44

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XV
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE
___________________________________________________
PREAMBLE:
International trade is an effective means of rapid and all round economic

development. Hence it is also known as an Engine of Economic Growth. But
that can be achieved through participation in international trade only. Hence the
study of international trade is very much important. The present paper gives
insights into the various issues relating to international trade. Trade and
financial institutions also play a very significant role in the promotion of
international trade. Therefore, this paper also endeavours to cover them. Indian
economy has been passing through the stage of economic reforms in general
and globalisation in particular. In this background, the present paper also
incorporates the various issues related to India. The study of this paper will
fully equip the students with theoretical as well as practical knowledge of the
issues relating to the international trade, which is the need of the 21st century.
SECTION I
UNIT- 1 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: (PART-I)
1.1
1.2
1.3
Pure Theories of International Trade: The Classical Theory of

International Trade; Adam Smiths The Law of Absolute Cost
Advantage, Ricardos Doctrine of Comparative costsOpportunity Cost Version of Comparative Advantage Principle by
HaberlerComparative Costs Doctrine Expressed in Terms of Money by Taussig.
UNIT-2 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: (PART-II)
2.1
2.2
2.3
Modern Theories of International Trade: Heckscher- Ohlin theoryFactor Endowments Theory: RevisitedA Verification of Ohlins Theorem, Graphical Demonstration of
Complete Factor Price Equalisation, Lerners Illustration of Factor Price
Equalisation, Kindlebergers Model of Factor- Price Equalisation,
Leontief Paradox.
UNIT-3: THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: (PART-III)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
I.B. Kraviss the Availability Doctrine

The Stopler- Samuelson Theorem
The Linder Theory- the Rybezynski Theorem
Prof. Williams the Vent for Surplus Approach
45
UNIT - 4: GAINS
MEASUREMENT:
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
FROM
INTERNATIONAL
TRADE
AND
THEIR
Nature of Gains Sources of Gains Factors determining Gains

Potential Gains and Actual Gains Criteria of Measuring Gains from
International Trade- Size of country and Gains from International
Trade.
Terms of Trade: Concepts Theory of Reciprocal Demand by J.S.
Mill- Marshall- Edgeworth Theory of Offer Curves- Factors Affecting
Terms of TradeTerms of Trade and Economic developmentTechnical Progress and Terms of Trade.
UNIT -5: THE THEORY OF INTERVENTIONS:
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Free Trade vs. Protective TradeTariffs: Classification, Effects, Optimum Tariff, Retaliation
Import Quotas: Nature and Purpose, Effects, Quotas Vs. Tariffs
Exchange Control: Objectives, Procedure, Methods
Miscellaneous Techniques: Price Discrimination or Dumping, Subsides,
Cartels, Commodity Agreements
State Trading: Forms, Objectives, Merits, Disadvantages
UNIT -6: THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Meaning, Structure and Importance of Balance of Trade and Balance of

Payments
Disequilibrium in Balance of Payments: Kinds, Causes, MeasuresAdjustment Process to Disequilibrium in Balance of Payments
Foreign Trade Multiplier
Rate of exchange determination: Purchasing Power Parity theory, Spot
exchange market, Forward exchange market.
UNIT - 7: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS & THE THEORY OF REGIONAL

BLOCKS:
7.1
7.2
7.3
Functions and Importance of IMF, IBRD, ADB, IFC

The Theory of Customs Unions
Working of UNCTAD, EEC, SAARC, ASEAN, WTO
UNIT -8; INDIAS FOREIGN TRADE AND TRADE POLICIES
8.1
8.2
8.3
Volume, Composition and Direction of Indias Foreign Trade After 1991

Trade Reforms- Trade Policy Since 1991 onwards
Working of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
46
BASIC READING LIST:

1. Bhagwati, J. (Ed.) (1981), International Trade, Selected Readings,
Cambridge University Press, Massachusetts

R. J. (1999), International Economics, International
Thompson Publishing, New York.
3. Chacholiades, M. (1990), International Trade: Theory and Policy,
McGraw Hill Kogakusha, Japan.
4. Dana, M.S. (2000), International Economics: Study, Guide and work
Book(5th Edition), Routledge Publishers ,London.
5. Dunn, R. M. and J. H. Mutti (2000), International Economics, Routledge,
London.
6. Kenen, P. B. (1994), The International Economy, Cambridge University
Press London
7. Kindleberger, C. P. (1973), International Economics, R. D. Irwin,
Homewood.
8. King, P. G. (1995), International Economics and International Economic
Policy: A Reader, McGraw Hill International, Singapor
9. Krugman, P. R. and M. Obstfeld (1994), International Economics
Theory and Policy, Glenview Foresman
10. Salvatore, D. (1997), International Economics, Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River N. J. New York
11. Soderstron, Bo (1991), International Economics, The Macmillan Press
Ltd London
2. Carbough,
12. Mithani D.M. (1997), International Economics, Himalaya publishing House,

Mumbai
. ADDITIONAL READING LIST:

13. Corden, W. M. (1965), Recent Developments in the Theory of International.
Trade, Princeton University Press, Princeton
14. Greenway, D. (1983), International Trade Policy, Macmillan Publishers
Ltd. London
15. Agarwal, M. R. (1979), Regional Economic Cooperation in south Asia,
S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.

16. Barrow, R. J. (1993), Macro Economics, 4th Edition, John Wiley, New
York.
17. Bhagwati, J. (1988), Protectionism, Cambridge University press, Mass.
18. Clement, M. O., R. L. Pfister and K. J. Rothwell (1969), Theoretical
Issues in International Economics, Constable Publication, London

19. Corden, W. M. (1974), Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, Clarendon
Press Oxford.
20. Goldstein, M. (1998), The Asian Financial Crisis: Causes, Cure and
Systematic Implication, Institute for International Economics,
Washington, D. C.
21. Jackson, J. (1989), The World Trading System, Cambridge University
Press, Mass.
47
22. Pomfrert, R. (1988), Unequal Trade : The Economics of Discriminatory
International Trade Policies, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford

23. Crockett, A. (1982), International Money : Issues and Analysis, The
ELBS and Nelson

24. Heller, H. Robert (1968), International Monetary Economics, Prentice
Hall, India.
25. . Linder, S. B. (1961), An Essay on Trade and Transformation, Wiley,
New York
26. Niehans, J. (1984), International Monetary Economics, John Hopkins.
University Press, Baltimore

27. Schwartz, A. J. (1987), Money in Historical Perspective, Chicago
University Press Chicago

28. Yeager, L. B. (1976), International Monetary Relations : Theory,
History and Policy, Harper and Row, New York

29. Brahmananda, P. R. (1982), The IMF Loan and India's Economic Future
Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.

30. Grable, J. O. (1996), International Financial Markets, Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, New York

31. Kenen, P. B. (1995), Economic and Monetary Union in Europe,
Cambridge University Press, UK.

32. Kindleberger, C. P. (1996), A History of Financial Crisis : Manias,
Panics and Crashes (3rd Edition), John Wiley and Sons New York.
33. Francis Cherunilum, International Trade and Export Management
Himalaya. Publishing House, Delhi.

34. Manmohan Singh (1964), India's Export Trends and the Prospects for
Selfsustained Growth, Oxford University press, New Delhi
35. Mishkin, S. F. (1998), The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial
Markets(5th Edition), Harper Colins Publishers, New York.
36. Mundell, R. (1968), International Economics, The Macmillan Company
Ltd., New York
37. Nayyar, D. (1976), India's Exports and Export Policies in the 1960s,
Cambridge. University, Press.
38. Panchmukhi, V. R., K. M. Rajpuria and R. Tandon (1987), Money and
Finance in World Economic Order(RIS), Indus Publishing Co. Delhi.
39. Panchmukhi, V. R. (1978), Trade Policies of India A Quantitative
Analysis, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
40. Pomfrert, R. (1996), International Trade : An Introduction to Theory and
Policy, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
41. Soloman, R. (1982), The International Monetary System 1945-1981,
Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
42. Tew, B. (1985), The Evaluation of the International Monetary System :
1945-85, Hutchinson
43. Whalley, John (1985), Trade Liberalization Among Major Trading
Areas Cambridge University Press, Mass.
44. Bhagwati, J. and P. Desai (1970), India : Planning for Industrialization,
Oxford University Press, London
48
45. Brahmananda, P. R. and V. R. Panchmukhi (Eds.) (1987), The
Development Process of the Indian Economy Himalaya Publishing

House ,Bombay.
46. Joshi, V. and I. M. D. Little (1998), India's Economic Reforms, 19992000, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
47. Patel, S. J. (1995), Indian Economy Towards the 21st Century,
University Press Ltd., India
48. Satyanarayan, B. (19986), India's Trade with Asia and the Far East
Countries, B. R. Publishing Corp, New Delhi.
49. Verma, M. L., (1995), International Trade, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd. Delhi
49

Group- C-1. Optional Paper- XVI
ECONOMICS OF MONEY AND BANKING
___________________________________________________
PREAMBLE
This paper analyses the significant role of Money and Banks.
It provides essential and through knowledge to the economic students relating
to the theoretical aspects of money. It covers various approaches towards
evolution of money, demand for money, supply of money, rate of interest,
inflation, agencies which creates and supplies money and operate monetary
policy. The paper also deals with banks and financial markets, which are most
significant in the process of growth and development. Since reforms
introduced in financial sector, many new concepts have emerged in this sector.
For the students of economic it is essential to understand and analyse these new
concepts as well as monetary forces and real forces, their development role and
limitations in shaping and influencing the monetary and related policies both at
the national and international level.
SECTION -I
UNIT. 1
MONEY
1.1 Definition, Evolution of Money.
1.2
Functions of money.
1.3
Money and Near money, stock and flow concepts of

money.
1.4
UNIT. 2
Velocity of money, factors influencing velocity of money.
SUPPLY OF MONEY.
2.1
Components of money supply.
2.2
Measurement of money supply R. B. I. concepts M1, M2,

M3 and L1, L2, L3.
2.3
Base money, Reserve money and High powered money,

Money multiplier.
2.4
Factors affecting money supply.
50
UNIT. 3
UNIT. 4
DEMAND FOR MONEY.

3.1
Classical approach Cambridge approach.
3.2
Keynesian approach Liquidity preference.
3.3
Milton Friedmans Approach Wealth theory.
3.4
Port folio balance Approach Baumol and Tobin.
INCOME THEORIES.
4.1
Classical and Keynesian theories.
4.2
Consumption function-Multiplier.
4.3
Investment function.
4.4
Acceleration and super multiplier.
SECTION II
UNIT. 5
INFLATION AND TRADE CYCLE

5.1
Theories of Inflation :
Demand pull and Cost push
Keynesian theory
5.2
Trade cycles phases of trade cycle. Anti cyclical Policy.
5.3
Theories of Trade Cycles Hawtrey. Hayek, Schumpeter

and Samuelson
UNIT. 6
UNIT. 7
RATE OF INTEREST
6.1
Classical theory
6.2
Neo Classical theory.
6.3
Keynesian liquidity preference theory.
6.4
Neo Keynesian IS - LM. -Model.
COMMERCIAL AND CENTRAL BANKING

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Commercial bank : Functions, credit creation, Balance

sheet
Port Folio Management, Non Performing Assets(NPA).
New Trends in Banking - E-Banking, ATM, Core Banking,
personal banking.
Central bank : Functions, Credit control policy, R.B.I.s
policy of credit control, since 1991.
51
UNIT. 8
FINANCIAL MARKET
8.1
Money Market Characteristics and Constituents
8.2
Capital Market Security Market
8.3
Non banking financial institutions (NBFIs): LIC, UTI,

IDBI and SIDBI
8.4
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
BASIC READING LIST.

1) Monetary Economics M. L. Sheth.
2) Money, banking and International trade by R. R. Paul.
3) Money, Banking, International trade and public finance by D. M.
Mithani.
4) Money, Banking and International trade by M. C. Vaish
5) Macro Economic theory by M. L. Jhingan.
6) General Theory employment interest and money by J. M. Keynes
7) Money banking trade and finance by K. P. M. Sundharam
8) Central banking in underdeveloped Money Market by Sen S. N.
9) Money, Income and Monetary Policy by Shaw E. S.
10) Essay on Money by Milton Friedman
11) Economics of Money and Banking By Chandler L. V.
12)
LFkwy vFkZkkL= & MkW- th- ,u- >kejs
13)
vk/kqfud LFkwG vFkZkkL= & izk- jke nskeq[k-
14)
eqnzk mRiUu vkf.k jkstxkj fl/nkar & izk- nso >kejs
15)
cWfdaxph eqyrRos & izk- kjn fxr
16)
cWd O;olk; vkf.k foRr & MkW- ch- ch- igwjdj
52

Group- C-1. IDS Paper- XVII
HEALTH ECONOMICS
PREAMBLE
Health status of the population forms a major variable in measuring
the Human Development Index. Health infrastructure provisions both public
and private sector assumes significance in the overall health policy of a
country. The present paper analyses the national health scene, correlation of
health output and input indicators with level of economic development.
Resource allocation in the health sector both public and private sector,
evaluation of benefits and costs of health services, financing of health services
and role of government and institutions also is examined
SECTION- I
UNIT-1. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH ECONOMICS:
1.1)
Role of Health in economic development, Health input and output

indicators and their correlation with the level of economic
development, public expenditure on health care services in India
1.2)
Sources of health statistics: usefulness and limitations
1.3)
A review of the Indian National Health Policy since 1991
UNIT-2. RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN THE HEALTH SECTOR:

2.1
Resource allocation problems in private and Government Hospitals.
2.2
The problem of multiple services of a hospital.
2.3
Spatial distribution of health care facilities and services.
UNIT-3. DEMAND FOR HEALTH CARE SERVICES:

3.1
Nature of demand for health care services.
3.2
Determinants of demand for health care services
3.3
Elasticity of demand for health care services.
53
UNIT- 4. SUPPLY OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES
4.1
Nature of supply of health care services.
4.2
Health Production Function.
4.3
Pricing of health care services.
SECTION- II
UNIT- 5. COST -BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF HEALTH SERVICES:
5.1
Private costs and benefits of providing health services.
5.2
Market failure in health services.
5.3
Provision of Health Services by Government
5.4
Application of cost- benefit analysis to public health projects.
UNIT-6. FINANCING HEALTH SERVICES:

6.1
A review of per capita private and public expenditure on health

services.
6.2
Sources of public finance for health care services.
6.3
Financing health care services Through Cess, direct and indirect taxes,
local government revenues, financial institutions and government.
6.4
Role of Development Finance Institutions in Financing Health

Services.
UNIT-7. HEALTH INSURANCE:

7.1
Need for a general health insurance.
7.2
Need for a special health insurance for the poor, disabled, and the aged.
7.3
Health Insurance Policy of government.
UNIT-8. HEALTH PLANNING:

8.1
Decentralized Health Planning.
8.2
Economic Reforms and Health Sector.
8.3
National Family Health Survey III.
54
BASIC READING LIST :
1)
Banerjee, D. (1975), Social and Cultural Foundations of Health Service

Systems of India, Inquiry, Supplement to Vol. XII, June.
2)
Banerjee, D. (1982), Poverty, Class and Health Culture in India, Vol. I

Prachi Prakashan, New Delhi.
3)
Gandhian Institute for rural and Family Planning (1972), Studies on

Mortality in India, Monograph Series No. 5.
4)
Government of India (1983), National Health Policy, New Delhi.
5)
Indian Council of Social Science Research and Indian Council of

Medical Research (1981), Health for All 2000 a. D. ICSSR, Delhi.
6)
Madan, T. N. (1969), Who Chooses Modern Medicine and Why?

Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 1475-84.
7)
Madan, T. N. 91980), Doctors and Society Three Asian Case Studies,

Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.
8)
Naik, J. P. 91977), An alternative System of Health Care Services in

India Some Proposals, ICSSR, Delhi.
9)
Feldstein, M. S. (1977), Economic Analysis of Health Service Efficiency,

North Holland, Amsterdam.
10)
Jimenez E. (1987), Pricing Policy in the Social Sectors, The Johns

Hopkins
11)
Panchamukhi P.R., Economics of Health.
55

Group- C-1. IDS Paper- XVIII
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS
OBJECTIVES :
1)
To introduce economic concepts and theories which use
mathematical tests and techniques.
2)
To encourage mathematical formulation of economic
relationships.
SECTION I
UNIT-1 : THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR :
1.1 Utility Functions
1.2 Demand Functions
1.3 Substitution and Income effects
1.4 Slutsky Equation.
UNIT-2 : ADVANCED TOPICS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR :
2.1 Linear expenditure system
2.2 Homogeneous and homothetic utility functions
2.3 Indirect utility function
2.4 Theory of revealed preference.
UNIT-3 : THEORY OF PRODUCTION AND COST :
3.1 Production Function - Cobb-Douglas - Constant Elasticity of
Substitution (CES) and Variable Elasticity of Substitution (VES)
production functions, optimization.
3.2 Cost function, short run and long run cost functions
3.3 Constrained optimization, Empirical uses
UNIT-4 : PRICE AND OUTPUT DETERMINATION :
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Perfect competition
Monopoly
Minopolistic competition
Oligopoly Duopoly, Monopsony and bilateral monopoly,
Marshallian and Walrasian equilibrium conditions
56
SECTION II
UNIT-5 : THEORY OF INCOME DETERMINATIONS :
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Classical and Keynesian ideas

Static and Dynamic multiplier
Accelerator
Theory of Rational Expectations.
UNIT-6 : GROWTH MODELS :
6.1
6.2
Harrod-Domar Model
Neoclassical, Solow and Meade Growth models with Technical
progress
UNIT-7 : GAME THEORY AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING :
7.1Two persons zero sum game, pay-off matrix, maximum and minimax
strategies
7.2 Linear programming, Graphical and Simplex Method, Applications in
Economics
UNIT-8 : INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS :
8.1
8.2
8.3
Open and closed Systems

Hawkin-Simon conditions
Leontief Dynamic System
BASIC READING LIST

1)
2)
3)
Allen, R.G.D. (1976), Mathematical Economics, McMillan,

London.
Arrow, K.J. and M. Intrilligator (Eds.) (1982), Handbook of
Mathematical Economics, Vol. I, II & III, North Holland,
Amsterdam.
Henderson, J. M. and R. E. Quandi (1980), Microeconomic
Theory : A Mathematical Approach, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

1)
2)
3)
Chung, J. W. (1993), Utility and Production: Theory and

Applications, Basil Blackwell, London.
Ferguson, C. E. (1976), Neo-classical Theory of Production and
Distribution.
Allen, R.G.D. (1974), Mathematical Analysis for Economics,
McMillian Press and ELBS, London.
57
4)
Chiang, A. C. (1986), Fundamental Methods of Mathematical

Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
5)
Abel, A.B.S., Bernanke and B. Menabb (1998),

Macroeconomics, Addison Wesley, Massachusetts.
Barro, R.J. and H. Grossman (1976), Money, Employment and
Inflation, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Jha, R. (1991), Contemporary Macroeconomic Theory and
Policy, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
Jones, H.G. (1976), An Introduction to the Modern Theory of
Economic Growth, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Tokyo.
Mankiw, N.G. and D. Romer (Eds.) (1991), New Keynesian
Economics (2 Vols), MIT Press, Cambrdige, Mass.
Hadley, G. (1962(), Linear Programming, Addison Wesley
Publishing Co., Massachusetts.
Hiller, F.S. and G. J. Lieberman (1985), Operations Research,
C.B.S., New Delhi.
Kothari, C. R. (1992), An Introduction to Operations Research,
Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
Kuhn Harold W. (ed) (1997), Classics in Game Theory,
Princeton, University Press, Princeton.
Mustafi, C. K. (1992), Operations Research : Methods and
Practice, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.
Nash, I.E. (1996), Essays on Game Theory, Cheltenham, U.K.
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
58

Group- C-1. IDS Paper- XIX
DEMOGRAPHY
PREAMBLE
The main objective of this paper is to make the students aware of the
importance of population in economic development and the various theories that
explain the growth of population in a country. The paper also enlightens the students
on the quantitative and qualitative aspects and characteristics of the population
through various demographic techniques. In recent times, gender characteristics of the
population have acquired importance and these have also been included in the
framework of study. Migration and urbanization are the characteristics of structural
change taking place in a society. Their study is essential to understand the dynamics
of this change. The paper exposes the students to sources of population and related
characteristics as also to the rationale need and evolution of population policy.
SECTION-I
UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1: Meaning and scope of demography

1.2: Components of population growth and their interdependence
1.3: Measures of population changes: growth, structure and distribution
1.4: Sources of population data.
UNIT-2 THEORIES OF POPULATION
2.1: Malthusian Theory

2.2: Optimum theory of population
2.3: Theory of demographic transition
2.4: Views of Meadows, Enke and Simon.
UNIT-3 STRUCTURE OF POPULATION
3.1: Population trends in the 20th Century.

3.2: Population explosion- Threatened or real, distant or imminent, international
aspects of population
3.3: Growth and distribution, pattern of age and sex structure in more and less
developed countries.
59
3.4: Determinants of age and sex structure, demographic effects of sex and age
structure, economic and social implications, Age pyramids and projections,
individual aging and population aging.
UNIT-4 FERTILITY, NUPTIALITY, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
4.1: Importance of study of fertility: Total fertility rate, Gross reproduction rate and
Net reproduction rate. Levels and trends of fertility in more developed and less
developed countries, Factors affecting fertility- socio-economic factors,
economic status, health, education, nutrition, caste, religion, race, region, ruralurban and status of husband and wife
4.2: Nuptiality- Concept and analysis of marital status, single mean age at marriage,
synthetic cohort methods, Trends in age at marriage
4.3 Morbidity- Morbidity rate, reasons of high morbidity, measures and policies to
reduce morbidity rate.
4.4: Mortality- Death rates, crude and age specific, mortality at birth and infant
mortality rate, Levels and trends in more developed and less developed countries,
gender and age pattern of mortality, Factors for decline in mortality in recent past,
Life table.
4.5: Methods of population projection
SECTION-II
UNIT-5 Migration and Urbanization
5.1: Concept and types of migration.
5.2: Importance of migration in the study of population, Effects of immigration on
population growth and pattern
5.3: M. Todaros Theory of Migration.
5.4: Growth and distribution of rural-urban population in developed and developing
countries
UNIT-6 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA BASE IN INDIA
6.1: Study of census in India- Methodology and characteristics of census, Nature of

information collected in 2001 census in India
6.2: National Family Health Survey 1, 2 and 3, Rapid Household survey
6.3: Population Growth rates, trends and regional variations in sex ratio, age structure
of population, foetal, infant and child mortality rates, maternal mortality rates, life
expectancy, Appraisal of Kerala model.
60
UNIT-7 POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA
7.1: Population, Economy and Environment linkages

7.2: Population, health, nutrition, productivity nexus
7.3: Population and human development issues
7.4: Culture and fertility, demography and household economic behaviour
UNIT-8 POPULATION POLICY IN INDIA
8.1: Evolution of population policy in India

8.2: The shift in policy from population control to family welfare and women
empowerment, family planning strategies and their outcomes, reproductive
health, maternal nutrition and child health policies
8.3: Population and strategies of human development of different social groups, social
impact of new reproductive technologies and their regulation
8.4: The new population policy
BASIC READING LIST

1. Agarwala S. N. (1981), Indias Population Problem, Tata McGraw-Hill Co.;
Bombay.
2. Agalwala U. D. (1999), population Projections and Their Accuracy, B. R.
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
3. Bhende, Asha A. and Kanitkar Tara (2000), Principles of Population Studies,
Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.
4. Bose A. (1996), Indias Basic Demographic Statistics, B. R. Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi.
5. Bogue D. J. (1971), Principles of Demography, John Wiley, New York.
6. Census of India, Government of India, New Delhi.
7. Choubey P. K. (2000), Population Policy in India, Kanishka Publications, New
Delhi.
8. Coale A. J. and E. M. Hoover (1958), Population Growth and Economic
Development in Low Income Countries; A Case Study of Indias Prospects,
Princenton University Press Princenton.
9. Gulasti S. C. (1988), Fertility in India: An Econometric Study of Metro policies,
Sage, New Delhi.
10. Simon J. L. (1992), Population and Development in Poor Countries, Princenton
University Press.
11. Srinivasan K. (1998), basic Demographic Techniques and Applications, Sage,
New Delhi.
61
12. Srinivasan K. (Ed.) (1999), Population Policy and Reproductive Health,
Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
13. Sryrock, H. et. Al (1973), The Methods and Materials of Demography, US
Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C.
14. United Nations (1973), The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends,
Vol. 1 UNO Publications, New York.
15. Population Research Bureau, Journal of Population Studies.

1. Chaing C. L. (1974), Life Tables and Mortality Analysis, W.H.O. Geneva.
2. Aguihotri S. B. (2000), Sex Ratio in Indian Population: A Fresh Exploration, Sage,
New Delhi.
3. Boserup E. (1970), Womens Role in Economic Development, George Allen and
Unwin, London.
4. King M. and M. A. Hill (Eds.) (1993), Womens Education in Developing
Countries: Barriers, Benefits and Politics, John Hopkins, Baltimore.
5. Krishnaji M., R. M. Sudarshan and A. Shariff (1999), Gender Population and
Development, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Sundarshan and A. Shariff (1999), Gender Population and Development, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
7. Gupta J. A. (2000), New Reproductive Technologies, Womens Health and
Autonomy, Indo Dutch Studies on Development Alternatives, Sage, New Delhi.
8. Mitra A. (1979), Implications of Declining Sex Ratio in Indias Population, Allied,
New Delhi.
9. Seth M. (2000), Women and Development: The Indian Experience, Sage New
Delhi.
10. Government of India (1974), Towards Equality- Report of the Committee on the
Status of Women in India, Government of India, Department of Social Welfare,
Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, New Delhi.
11. Novell, C. (1988), Methods and Models in Demography, Bellhaven Press, London.

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1

Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Micro Economic Analysis

: Principles and Practice of Co-operation

: Indian Economic Policy

: Financial Institutions and Markets

: International Trade and Finance

: Economics of Money and Banking

Group C-2: IDS (Any One)

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

This paper is analyzes the economic behaviour of individual firms

UNIT 4 - COST AND REVENUE

UNIT 6 PRICE AND OUTPUT DETERMINATION II

UNIT 8 - WELFARE ECONOMICS

BASIC READING LIST

Stigler G. (1996), Theory of Price, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of

Henderson, A. M. and R. E. Quandi (1980), Microeconomics

MkW- ,e~- ,u~- fkan]s 2003 lq{ey{kh vFkZkkL=] vftr

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

Functions, Limits, Continuity and Derivatives

Rules of differentiation, Partial differentiation rules and interpretation

Applications in Demand, Elasticities, Cost and Production functions

UNIT 2: MAXIMA AND MINIMA:

Concepts of maxima and minima, Problems of determining extreme

Integration definition and rules.

Basics of Input Output Analysis.

UNIT 4: LINEAR PROGRAMING:

Formulating an Linear Programming problem

Solution of L.P. Problem through graphical and simplex method, Dual

Introduction to Game theory.

Correlation Karl Pearsons Coefficient of Correlation and Spearmans

Regression Analysis: Linear regression and numerical problems

Least square method

UNIT 6: PROBABILITY THEORY:

Definition, Laws of addition and multiplication of probability,

UNIT 8: SAMPLING & HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

Simple and Random sampling

Stratified and purposive sampling

Formulation of Null and Alternative hypothesis

Hypothesis Testing based on t, z and X2.

BASIC READING LIST:

Taha, H. A., (1997), Operations Research: An Introduction (6th Edition),

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

UNIT VI TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

UNIT VII MACRO ECONOMIC POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT

UNIT VIII INDIAN ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

BASIC READING LIST

Sen, A. K. (Ed.) (1990), Growth Economics, Penguin, Harmondsworth. Solow,

Chakravarti, S. (1987), Development Planning: The Indian Experience,

28. Killick, T. (1995) IMF Programmes in Developing Countries: Design and

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

Meaning, nature, Scope and Significance of Economics of

UNIT-2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT:

Environmental Problems of Industrial development: Water

UNIT-3: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT:

Environmental Problems of Agricultural development- Salinity,

Role of Public / Government, Private and Co-operative Sectors in