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    Russo-Turkish Wars-1568 To 1918

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    Stefan Spiridon
    The Russo-Turkish Wars spanned from 1568 to 1918 and resulted in the decline of Ottoman power in Eastern Europe and the rise of Russian influence in the region. Some key outcomes included: 1) The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, which made Crimea independent and gave Russia rights over Orthodox Christians and intervening in Wallachia and Moldavia. 2) The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, where Russia gained territory and influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region and Serbia achieved autonomy. 3) The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 led to the creation of an autonomous Bulgarian principality, though it was later revised by the Treaty of Berlin

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    Russo-Turkish Wars-1568 To 1918

    Uploaded by

    Stefan Spiridon
    281 views5 pages
    The Russo-Turkish Wars spanned from 1568 to 1918 and resulted in the decline of Ottoman power in Eastern Europe and the rise of Russian influence in the region. Some key outcomes included: 1) The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, which made Crimea independent and gave Russia rights over Orthodox Christians and intervening in Wallachia and Moldavia. 2) The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, where Russia gained territory and influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region and Serbia achieved autonomy. 3) The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 led to the creation of an autonomous Bulgarian principality, though it was later revised by the Treaty of Berlin

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    Russo-Turkish Wars-1568 to 1918

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    Russo-Turkish Wars-1568 to 1918

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    The Russo-Turkish Wars spanned from 1568 to 1918 and resulted in the decline of Ottoman power in Eastern Europe and the rise of Russian influence in the region. Some key outcomes included: 1) The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, which made Crimea independent and gave Russia rights over Orthodox Christians and intervening in Wallachia and Moldavia. 2) The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, where Russia gained territory and influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region and Serbia achieved autonomy. 3) The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 led to the creation of an autonomous Bulgarian principality, though it was later revised by the Treaty of Berlin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    281 views5 pages

    Russo-Turkish Wars-1568 To 1918

    Uploaded by

    Stefan Spiridon
    The Russo-Turkish Wars spanned from 1568 to 1918 and resulted in the decline of Ottoman power in Eastern Europe and the rise of Russian influence in the region. Some key outcomes included: 1) The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, which made Crimea independent and gave Russia rights over Orthodox Christians and intervening in Wallachia and Moldavia. 2) The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, where Russia gained territory and influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region and Serbia achieved autonomy. 3) The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 led to the creation of an autonomous Bulgarian principality, though it was later revised by the Treaty of Berlin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, 1568-1918

    Date
    1568-1570

    1676-1681

    1686-1700

    Name
    Results
    Russo-Turkish War1 Ottoman military defeat
    Ottoman commercial victory
    o Russia destroys their fort on the Terek river
    o Russia allows Muslim traders access through Astrakhan
    Russo-Turkish War o Treaty of Bakhchisarai (3 January 1681)
    20-year truce
    Dnieper River acknowledged as the demarcation line between the Ottoman empire and Tsardom
    of Muscovy
    both sides agreed not to settle the territory between the Southern Bug and Dnieper rivers
    Nogai hordes retained the right to live as nomads in the southern steppes of Ukraine, while the
    Cossacks retained the right to fish in the Dnieper and its tributaries; to obtain salt in the south;
    and to sail on the Dnieper and the Black Sea
    the Ottoman sultan recognized Muscovy's sovereignty in the Left-bank Ukraine region and the
    Zaporozhian Cossack domain, while the southern part of the Kiev region, the Bratslav region, and
    Podolia were left under Ottoman control
    Russo-Turkish War2 Russian victory
    o Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699)3
    concluded the Austro-Ottoman War of 168397
    marked the end of Ottoman control in much of Central Europe, precipitating the empire's phase of
    decline, with their first major territorial losses after centuries of expansion
    established the Habsburg Monarchy as the dominant power in central and southeast Europe
    o Treaty of Constantinople (1700)
    Russia gained possession of Azov region and the newly-constructed fortresses of Taganrog
    Paviovsk and Mius

    The Crimean Khanate fought on the side of the Ottoman Turks against the Tsardom of Russia.
    The Hapsburg Empire, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Cossack Hetmanate also fought Ottoman Turkey in this conflict.
    3
    Russian Czar Peter the Great concluded the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699) with the Ottoman Empire in 1699, because of an impending war against the
    Swedish Empire.
    2

    RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, 1568-1918


    1710-1711

    1735-1739

    1768-1774

    Russo-Turkish War4 Ottoman victory


    o Treaty of Pruth (21 July 1711)
    stipulated to return Azov to the Ottomans
    Taganrog and several additional Russian fortresses were to be demolished
    the Tsar pledged to stop interfering into the affairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Austro-Russiano Treaty of Belgrade (18 September 1739)
    Turkish War5
    between Ottoman Empire and Hapsburg Monarchy
    Habsburgs ceded the Kingdom of Serbia with Belgrade, the southern part of the Banat of
    Temeswar and northern Bosnia to the Ottomans, and Oltenia
    set the demarcation line between the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires at the Sava and
    Danube rivers
    the Sultan acknowledged the Habsburg Emperor as the official protector of all Ottoman Christian
    subjects
    o Treaty of Ni (3 October 1739)
    Russia renounced claim to Crimea and Moldavia
    Russia allowed to build an unfortified port at Azov without fortification
    Russia denied a fleet in the Black Sea
    Russo-Turkish War6 Russian victory
    o Treaty of Kk Kaynarca (21 July 1774)
    Russia returned Wallachia and Moldavia to the Ottoman Empire
    retained the right to protect Christians in the Ottoman Empire and to intervene in
    Wallachia and Moldavia in case of Ottoman misrule
    Bukovina was ceded to Austria in 1775
    the Crimea was declared independent
    Ottoman sultan remained the religious leader of the Tatars as the Muslim caliph (the first
    time the powers of the Ottoman caliph were exercised outside of Ottoman borders and

    Also-known-as The Pruth River Campaign. The belligerents involved supporting the Ottoman Empire included the Crimean Khanate, Wallachia, the Swedish
    Empire, elements of the Cossack Hetmanate (Pylyp Orlyk), and Zaporizhian Sich. The Tsardom of Russia had as its allies elements of the Cossack Hetmanate
    (Ivan Skoropadsky) and Moldavia.
    5
    The Hapsburg monarchy of Austria-Hungary was initially allied with Russia, prior to negotiating a separate peace treaty.
    6
    Belligerents supporting the Russian Empire included the Zaporozhian Host, Greek insurgents, the kingdoms of Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti. The Ottoman Turks
    had the support of the Crimean Khanate and the Republic of Ragusa.

    RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, 1568-1918

    1787-1792

    Russo-Turkish War7

    1806-1812

    Russo-Turkish War

    1828-1829

    Russo-Turkish War8

    7
    8

    ratified by a European power)


    Russia gained Kabardia in the Caucasus, unlimited sovereignty over the port of Azov, the ports of
    Kerch and Enikale in the Kerch peninsula in the Crimea, and part of the Yedisan region between
    the Bug and Dnieper rivers at the mouth of the Dnieper
    the Black Sea was no longer an Ottoman lake
    restrictions imposed by the 1739 Treaty of Ni over Russian access to the Sea of Azov
    and fortifying the area were removed
    Russian merchant vessels allowed passage of the Dardanelles
    Eastern Orthodox Christians granted the right to sail under the Russian flag and provided
    for the building of a Russian Orthodox Church in Constantinople (was never built)
    Russian victory
    o Treaty of Jassy (9 January 1792)
    confirmed Russia's increasing dominance in the Black Sea
    recognized Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate
    transferred Yedisan to Russia, making the Dniester the Russo-Turkish frontier in Europe
    Asiatic frontier (Kuban River) left unchanged
    Russian victory
    o Treaty of Bucharest (28 May 1812) [ratified by Alexander I of Russia the day before Napoleon invaded
    Russia]
    eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia, between Prut and Dniester Rivers, was ceded by the
    Ottoman Empire to Russia
    Russia obtained trading rights on the Danube
    autonomy granted to Serbia
    Ottomans renounced its claims to most of western Georgia, Transcaucasia (retained control of
    Akhalkalaki, Poti, and Anapa)
    Russian victory
    o Treaty of Adrianople (14 September 1829)
    Russia acquired most of the western littoral of the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube
    Turkey recognized Russian sovereignty over parts of northwest present-day Armenia
    Serbia achieved autonomy

    Occurred concomitantly with the Austro-Turkish War of 178791.


    Great Britain aided Russia in this conflict with Ottoman Turkey.

    RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, 1568-1918

    1853-1856

    Crimean War

    1877-1878

    Russo-Turkish War9

    1914-1918

    World War I
    Caucasus Campaign

    the Sultan promised autonomy for Greece


    Russia allowed to occupy Moldavia and Wallachia (guaranteeing their prosperity and full "liberty
    of trade") until Turkey had paid a large indemnity
    Moldavia and Wallachia remained Russian protectorates until the end of Crimean War
    archaic slavery was abolished during this period
    The Straits Question (the Dardanelles and Bosporus) was settled four years later by the Treaty of
    Hnkr skelessi (8 July 1833)
    brought about a temporary alliance between the Ottoman and Russian empires
    the Ottomans committed to closing the Dardanelles to any foreign warships if the
    Russians requested such action
    the terms of the treaty worried the other great powers of Europe, especially Great Britain
    British, French, Ottoman, and Sardinian victory
    o Treaty of Paris (30 March 1856)
    demilitarized the Black Sea, making it neutral territory
    closed it to all warships
    prohibited the construction of fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores
    Russian victory
    o Treaty of San Stefano (3 March 1878)
    creation of an autonomous Principality of Bulgaria
    superseded by the Treaty of Berlin, following the Congress of Berlin (13 June 13 July, 1878)
    o Treaty of Berlin (13 July 1878)
    formally recognized independence of the de facto sovereign principalities of Romania, Serbia and
    Montenegro
    confirmed autonomy of Bulgaria, but was divided into three parts: the Principality of Bulgaria,
    the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia, and Macedonia, which was given back to the
    Ottomans
    affirmed Russia's gains from the Ottoman Empire specified by the Treaty of San Stefano
    Russian victory

    Russian was allied with Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgarian volunteers.

    RUSSO-TURKISH WARS, 1568-1918


    Dupuy, Trevot Nevitt. The Military History of World War I Naval and Overseas War, 1914-1915. New York, New York: Franklin
    Watts, Inc., 1967.
    Kohn, George C. Dictionary of Wars. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1987.
    Skelton, Geoffrey. Plevna, Military History Quarterly, volume 6, number 2 (Winter 1994), pages 84-93.
    Wikipedia.

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