Journal of Computer Science 9 (9): 1164-1173, 2013

ISSN: 1549-3636
2013 Science Publications
doi:10.3844/jcssp.2013.1164.1173 Published Online 9 (9) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/jcs.toc)

E-RESOURCES GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SYSTEM SYSTEM FOR MILITARY OPERATION
Aditya Kurniawan, Khaterini Mulyono, Mellyna and Stevan Gerardo
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of Computer Science, Binus University, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
Received 2013-06-03, Revised 2013-07-09; Accepted 2013-07-19

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the barometer of the strength of a country is a military force that is owned by the state. To
produce a good military force in a country, it would require an easy, fast and accurate military resource
management. This study utilized geographic data as a reference for the location of the logistics resources to
help simplify the management of military data using spatial data in Geographic Information System (GIS).
The system development approach used JSON Service technology framework and HTML 5 to improve
system performance. The features development of the management of military resources associated with
military operations are conducted. Results of this study generate e-resource military operation system which
is swift and in accordance with the W3C web standards.
Keywords: Military Operation, GIS, E-Resources, JSON Service1

1. INTRODUCTION

tactics that will be used by the military of a country.

Therefore, processing and analysis of data has become
a very important process in an information system
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a specialized
information system that manages data which have
spatial information (spatial referenced) or in
conclusion GIS is a computer system that has the
ability to build, store, manage display geographically
referenced information.
The data and information needed for military
purposes such as form fields, altitude, slope, direction
and distance as well as extensive, the coordinates of
the place/location of the object, can be generated
quickly, precisely accurately by utilizing GIS
technology.

1.1. Background
Nowadays, the barometer of the strength of a
country is a military force that is owned by the state.
Military force can be seen from various perspectives
such as the number of personnel, weapons systems,
naval power and logistical, resources (oil production,
oil consumption, oil proven reserves).
One of the military activities undertaken to carry
out the mandate of Law is planning a strategy and
tactics both in maintaining the sovereignty of the
nation-and effort in maintaining the territorial
sovereignty from foreign aggression. Due to the
influence of globalization, every country military
political situation faces dynamic pressure. To face
these dynamic changes, the support of data and
geographic information which is up to date, accurate
can be obtained quickly are needed for the decision
making process in determining what strategies and

1.2. State of the Art

This web-based GIS military system has advantages
compared to those of previous applications ever created.
One of the elements of novelty of this application is that
the application is able to show the information about the

Corresponding Author: Aditya Kurniawan, Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science,
Binus University, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
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1.6. Battle Management System for Military

coordinate information of the equipment location used

by the military, such as weapons and artillery, or
displays information about the location coordinates of
the soldier who is in a group or battalion.
The information displayed is used to locate the
exact position of military resources, so that military
resources become easier to manage and well utilized.
In addition, the information presented by this
application can also reduce inaccuracies in the
recording combat logistics.
The military software will also feature a battle
management system features through a web-based GIS
technology.
This study also proposes a software architecture for
the new military system using JSON service oriented
approach as the communication layer.

In the military operation, it is important to manage

the resources used to draw up tactics in completing a
given mission. Loechel et al. (2012) take on the situation
and the process of the formation of the military
operations of the Germany.
Military situation of Germany is divided over the
situation measurement of situation awareness, after
which the military leaders to plan military operations
for the situation, after, a warrant was issued and
executed the command and control and then provide a
report. This process describe on Fig. 3. Military
operations on the prototype system made by Ciflikli et al.
(2012) there are features that can make military
strategy maps through a static geo spatial system. This
feature describe on Fig. 4. In the geo-spatial map,
Ciflikli et al. (2012) provide spatial data consisting of
battlefield tactic; positions of forces and enemy; and
incidents report (Ciflikli et al., 2012).
According Ciflikli et al. (2012), describe on Fig. 5,
the needs of the military command and control
systems should focus on the needs of military strength
and capabilities which can be provided by a modern
software environment: military digital map; types of
different reports as needed information; incorporation
and evaluation report with a graphical user interface
that is easy; notification features when there is a
report that appears; integration of information such as
images, videos and text; reports incorporation
mechanism features with active communication
features; feedback report feature and decision making
to each expert staffs; feature where the system can be
opened via mobile devices.
Military system prototype by Ciflikli et al. (2012) is
proposing the military systems direction to be more on
document workflow systems and content management
system using the open source system that has been ready
to be used. Ciflikli et al. (2012) proposed military
hardware components of the system architecture and
open source software as follows.
Ciflikli et al. (2012) used GeoServer as map server,
Plone CMS as content management systems ZODB and
PostgreSQL as the database as the security part,
(Ciflikli et al., 2012) used Plugable Authentication
Service (PAS) using LDAP technology as its
implementation.

1.3. Military Resources in Developing Country

Based on the data of global security, the number of
military personnel in developing countries is increasing by
the average number between 193000-515000 personnel
(GS, 2012). Based on data released by Coming Over
Violence, military spending in developing countries in
1999 spent an average of 28.8% of the state budget
(OCV, 2012).

1.4. Previous Research

1.4.1. Military System Variability Command
and Control
Figure 1 describe software for the military command
and control (C2) has component features such as
Geographical Information System (GIS), tactical and
planning information display with the use of military
symbol that has been standardized (Ciflikli et al., 2012).

1.5. Military System Software Architecture for C2

According to Ciflikli et al. (2012), military system
C2 can use the software architecture with
publisher/subscriber design pattern mechanism on its
business logics. This picture describe on Fig. 2. The
C2 software architecture consists of a graphical user
interface and business logic which is divided into
components of subscriber and publisher data. I/O
layer is responsible for managing the communication
to an external system. Data Access functions to
regulate the transformation of data from the database
to I/O layer.
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Fig. 1. Variability in command and control (Ciflikli et al., 2012)

Fig. 2. Military system C2 software architecture (Ciflikli et al., 2012)

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Fig. 3. Cycle of military command and control process from german (Loechel et al., 2012)

Fig. 4. Example of computer generated tactical map (Ciflikli et al., 2012)

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Fig. 5. Component architecture of implemented system (Ciflikli et al., 2012)

Fig. 6. Military E-resource component architecture

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2.2. E-Resources Military Software Architecture

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. System Design E-Resources Military

In the software architecture, describe on Fig. 8, JSON

Service is divided into three major sections:

2.1.1. E-Resources Military System Component

Architecture

Figure 6 describe software and hardware components

architecture are designed using JSON Service as the
main engine of the e-resource military system. There are
two main reasons for the selection of service with JSON
data format: 1. Database used is using NoSQL database
based BSON (Binary JSON), so that the transformation
of data within its service much easier than service into
the database; 2. Standardization of data service on each
platform (like: Web, desktop application and m3obile
device) mostly can consume JSON data.
The main database on the application uses one of the
NoSQL technologies, MongoDB. While for backing up
the server data we use MySQL to save the component of
important military spatial information.
Since the JSON Service is a plain text and
communicated through Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP), it would require data protection so that important
military data is encrypted. In this study, encryption used is
an encryption using public key encryption algorithm of
RSA public key private key using PHP technology on a
separate server in order to have a maximum performance
encryption of the military data.
Figure 7 explain user interface server, we use HTML
5 Javascript technology. The main reason for using this
technology is the combination of these two technologies
can read JSON Service which computational processes
are charged to the client browser to lighten the workload
of the JSON Service server.
The use of Google map as the map for geo spatial
data placement is due to the sufficient completeness and
updated data of Google map legend, such as roads,
buildings, land and river flow data.
HTML 5 consume JSON service using JQuery
javascript framework library. JQuery library aims to
strike a balance between the size of the website, benefits
of the features the use of a simple JavaScript framework
library (Venkat, 2009).
Javascript Object Notation (JSON) is a data format
serialization popular among web developers and was
invented by Brendan Eich and developed by Douglas
Crockford (Severance, 2012). JSON is used to encode
between a servers and an AJAX application, to
connect between the two servers via a web service
(Severance, 2012).
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Google Map JSON Service as the processor of

spatial data from Military Resources Service and
Military Operation Service
Military Operation is Used to Process the Current
Military Operations Data
Military Resources are used to process data of existing
military resources and the resource transfer transactions

Data released by the JSON service should go through

RSA Encryption Server so that the military data can be
transferred safely through HTTP network protocol,
where the private key of RSA Encryption in inside the
RSA server encryption and the public key is in JSON
Service server or Web Server.

2.3. Use Case System

Figure 9 describe military system is divided into two
major feature sections, a feature for resources
management and military mission operational feature.
Resource management feature focuses on the
management of the use of military resources and
geographical location through google map. Military
resources item which are managed in this system consists
of a battalion, soldiers military equipment (tanks,
cannons). Battalion is a military headquarters spread
across the region in a country. In addition, the items of
military resources can be mobilized from one battalion to
another battalion, therefore the system consider this
mobilization as a transaction. Users of this feature are
divided into two, regiments (regimen) and logistics.
Regimen is the group of supreme leaders of a military
force, while the logistics are the military staffs who
manage military resources.

Fig. 7. Military E-resources software architecture

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Fig. 8. Resource management use case system

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Fig. 9. Military mission operational use case system

Military mission operational feature focuses on the

implementation of military operations where the military
operation is taking reference from Loechel et al. (2012).
This military operations process begins in the user
regimen in which the user has the right to make the
primary mission of military operations. Regimen can
choose which battalion would carry the mission through
GIS. Then after the mission was made, then the mission
of the command will be accepted by the battalion leader.
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Battalion leader will choose team and team leader

who will carry out the mission from the available platoon.
Platoon is a group of soldiers in a battalion. Each battalion
has a platoon lot. In addition, the battalion leaders can
choose military equipments available to be used in
missions. Battalion leaders will make a detailed mission
objective and coordinate point on the Google map.
Platoon will carry out missions by fulfilling mission
objectives detailed in accordance with the coordinates
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specified by the battalion leader. Once the mission is

complete, the platoon leader will make a final report on
the implementation of the militarys mission operation
for the battalion leader through the system the leader of
the battalion will forward the final report to the regimen.

component is graded from F to A (YD, 2012). If the item

cannot be assessed, the YSlow gives the value of n/a.
The following are the measurement results.
Table 1 explan experimental results obtained,
components YSlow rules that cannot be measured is the
Make JavaScript and CSS External due to the JavaScript
that have been encrypted using JavaScript obsufactor
tool, thus making the Minify Javascript and CSS value
get a grade of F. From the total assessment, this system
obtained 18 rule components with grade A, 1 rule
component with grade E 3 rule components of grade F.
Figure 10 is an example of mission execution feature
performed by the platoon chairman using google map
based on the coordinates of its mission objective.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This research has resulted in a rapid military operation
e-resource based on JSON Service and HTML 5.
To measure the performance capabilities of the
system, we use YSlow as a measure, because the system
uses web technology. YSlow measures the ability and
performance of various components of a web using
various web component rules from the W3C where each

Fig. 10. Screen of execute mission feature

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Table 1. YSlow grade result
Component
Make fewer HTTP Requests
Use Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Avoid empty src or href
Add expires headers
Compress component with gzip
Put CSS at top
Put Javascript at bottom
Avoid CSS expressions
Make javascript and CSS external
Reduce DNS lookups
Minify Javascript and CSS
Avoid URL redirects
Remove duplicate Javascript and CSS
Configure entity tags (Etags)
Make AJAX cacheable
Use GET for AJAX requests
Reduce the number of DOM elements
Avoid HTTP 404(not found)error
Reduce cookie size
Use cookie free domains
Avoid AlphaImageLoader filter
Do not scale images in HTML
Make favicon small and cacheable

5. REFERENCES
Grade
F
A
A
E
A
A
A
A
n/a
A
F
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
F
A
A
A

Ciflikli, B., O. Ozcan, B.A. Uysal, 2012. Model driven

software development for military command and
control systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 36th
Annual Computer Software and Applications
Conference, Jul. 16-20, IEEE Xplore Press, Izmir,
pp: 494-497. DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2012.86
DARPA, 2011. Military Networking Protocol (MNP).
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
GS, 2012. Active duty uniformed troop strength. Global
Security.
Loechel, A.J., G. Mihelcic and S. Pickl, 2012. An open
source approach for a military situational awareness
system. Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii
International Conference on System Science, Jan. 47, IEEE Xplore Press, Maui, HI., pp: 1462-1471.
DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2012.109
OCV, 2010. World military expenditure.
Severance, C., 2012. Discovering javascript object
notation.
Computer,
45:
6-8.
DOI:
10.1109/MC.2012.132
Venkat, G., 2009. Why jQuery. Vishwak Labs White
Paper.
YD, 2012. YSlow rules. Yahoo Inc.developer.

4. CONCLUSION
This study discusses about the development of
Military Operation e-Resource System using JSON
Service technology framework and HTML 5 to improve
the performance of the system.
From the results of this study found that the
shortcomings of the system are due to using HTML 5
and JSON Service, thefore the HTML source code of this
system can be seen in in the browser. Therefore we need
an HTML Encrypter and virtual private network
mechanism so that only the battalion, regimen, as well as
registered military IP addresses can access the system, so
civil people cannot access it
Future research development is to try to cover the
shortage mentioned above by focusing on the virtual
private network specifically designed for the military and
Military Network application Protocol (MNP) issued by
DARPA (2011) and to improve performance, the
development of the system architecture component will
use the distributed computing technology.

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