Task 6 Global Warming

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTAL

THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA
KKKH 4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
TASK 3: GLOBAL WARMING

STUDENT:
ROZITA BINTI ABDULLAH SANI
A135982
LECTURERS:
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT
DR. MUHAMMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the
Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the
Earths climate. There is great debate among many people, and sometimes in the news, on
whether global warming is real (some call it a hoax). But climate scientists looking at the data
and facts agree the planet is warming. While many view the effects of global warming to be
more substantial and more rapidly occurring than others do, the scientific consensus on climatic
changes related to global warming is that the average temperature of the Earth has risen between
0.4 and 0.8 C over the past 100 years.
The increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of
fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities, are believed to be the primary
sources of the global warming that has occurred over the past 50 years. Scientists from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate carrying out global warming research have recently
predicted that average global temperatures could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 C by the year
2100. Changes resulting from global warming may include rising sea levels due to the melting of
the polar ice caps, as well as an increase in occurrence and severity of storms and other severe
weather events.
2.0
PLAN OF ACTION TO REDUCE OR MITIGATE THE PROBLEMS.

i.
Land Use and Zoning Authority

Land use planning in essence chooses particular uses for the land; environmental
regulation, at its core, does not mandate particular uses of the land, but requires
only that, however the land is used, damage to the environment is kept within
prescribed limits. The most important and effective adaptation strategies (and
many of the mitigation strategies) have everything to do with where and how we
build buildings and infrastructure.
The key mechanisms through which local governments influence the rate and
extent of climate change and adaptation are its planning and zoning decisions, its
infrastructure siting, and related, including budgetary, decisions. A successful
state response to the challenge of climate and sea level rise changes begins with,
and cannot be achieved without, effective land use planning and zoning.
ii.
Buffer, and Open Space and Setback Requirements

Adequate coastal setbacks are a particularly important strategy in terms of
reacting to both the physical and ecological challenges created by seal level rise
and storm surge. Local governments can require new development and
redevelopment in vulnerable areas to maintain setbacks or buffers from delineated
water level or habitat boundary lines, to allow for natural storage of flood waters,
prevent exacerbating flooding impacts on adjacent properties, provide natural
protection, and allow upland migration of beaches, wetlands and other habitats.
Setbacks help reduce repetitive economic loss, make coastal structures safer,
allow for landward habitat migration, and avoid the need for coastal armoring and
the associated damage to beaches, which is particularly important in states that
depend on beach tourism.
iii.
Impact Assessment and Real Estate Notice Requirements

At a minimum, all government agencies, even those inclined to make a policy
decision to make no regulatory changes to their development standards in
response to sea level rise concerns, could consider providing agency decisionmakers, the public and landowners the benefit of full information about the
expected impacts of all development proposals on climate, coastal and other
floodplains, as well as the projected impacts on the development for which
approval is sought.
iv.
Protecting Current and Future Wetlands through Comprehensive Planning

City and country comprehensive plans must include a Conservation Element to
address several issues of direct relevance to climate and sea level rise mitigation
and adaptation. First, the element must identify rivers, bays, lakes, wetlands,
estuarine marshes, ground waters, and springs, floodplains, areas known to have
experienced soil erosion, and recreationally and commercially important fish or
shellfish, wildlife, and marine habitats, and vegetative communities. Local plans
must include a Conservation Element which must identify rivers, bays, lakes,
wetlands, estuarine marshes, ground waters, and springs, floodplains, areas known
to have experienced soil erosion problems, and recreationally and commercially
important fish or shellfish, wildlife, and marine habitats, and vegetative
communities. They must protect air quality, the quality and quantity of current
and projected water sources, including natural groundwater recharge areas,
wellhead protection areas, and surface waters, and waters that flow into estuaries
or the ocean, provide for the emergency conservation of water sources, protect
minerals, soils, and native vegetative communities from destruction, protect
fisheries, wildlife, wildlife habitat, and marine habitat and restrict activities
known to adversely affect the survival of endangered and threatened wildlife,
coordinate with adjacent local governments to protect unique vegetative
communities located within more than one local jurisdiction, designate
environmentally sensitive lands for protection, protect and conserve wetlands, and
directs future land uses that are incompatible with the protection and conservation
of wetlands and wetland functions away from wetlands.
v.
Reduce greenhouse gases

The following is a list of steps that can take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:
Drive Less and Drive Smart
Less driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving gasoline, walking and
biking are great forms of exercise. Explore the York Region Transit system
and check out options for carpooling to work or school.
When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For example,
keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by more
than 3 percent. Every gallon of gas you save not only helps your budget, it
also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

Adding insulation to your walls and installing weather stripping or caulking
around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent,
by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home. Turn
down the heat while youre sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep
temperatures moderate at all times. Install a programmable thermostat because
setting it just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save
about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.
Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

Adding insulation to your walls and installing weather stripping or caulking
around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent,
by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home. Turn
down the heat while youre sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep
temperatures moderate at all times. Install a programmable thermostat because
setting it just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save
3.0
about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Buying products with minimal packaging will help to reduce waste
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or
indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate
change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate
change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal
events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.
Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social
development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse
gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change.
Geoengineering is another policy option.

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTAL

KKKH 4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

TASK 3: GLOBAL WARMING

PLAN OF ACTION TO REDUCE OR MITIGATE THE PROBLEMS.

Land Use and Zoning Authority

Buffer, and Open Space and Setback Requirements

Impact Assessment and Real Estate Notice Requirements

Protecting Current and Future Wetlands through Comprehensive Planning

Reduce greenhouse gases

Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.

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