DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARIÑAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE,

AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2023 – 2024
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TMEET412-MEE41

Environment, Safety & Health Enabling Assessment No. 3

“A RESEARCH ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING”

SUBMITTED BY:

Ryan Martin R. Taan

SUBMITTED TO:

Engr. Arsenio Pereras Jr., PSME

DATE SUBMITTED:

October 9, 2023
Global Warming

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface

temperature due to human activities, primarily the release of greenhouse gases into the

atmosphere. This phenomenon has profound and far-reaching effects on the planet's

climate, ecosystems, and human societies.

The global yearly temperature has risen by a little more than 1 degree Celsius, or

roughly 2 degrees Fahrenheit, during the Industrial Revolution. Between 1880, when

accurate recordkeeping began, and 1980, it climbed by 0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13

degrees Fahrenheit) every ten years on average. However, the rate of growth has more

than doubled since 1981: over the last 40 years, the global annual temperature has

risen by 0.18 degrees Celsius, or 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit, every decade.

Figure 1. Chart for the sea level change in year 1880-2021

According to many climate scientists, an increase of more than 2 °C (3.6 °F) in

the global average temperature in such a short period of time would have serious

effects on society, the economy, as well as the environment. It is likely that such

damage would include an increase in the extinction of many plant and animal species,

changes in the patterns of agriculture, and rising sea levels as a result of climate

change. By 2015, all but a few national governments had initiated the process of

instituting carbon reduction plans as a result of the Paris Agreement, a treaty that has

been used to help countries keep global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above preindustrial
levels in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. According to the authors of

the special report published in 2018, if carbon emissions continue at their current pace,

the average near-surface air temperature will increase by 1.5°C between 2030 and

2052 if carbon emissions continue at their present rate. However, the authors of the

AR6 report suggested that this threshold would not be reached until 2041 or later.

Causes of Global Warming

A major factor contributing to global warming is the increase in the concentration of

greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere due to the increasing amount of carbon

dioxide. As a result of these gases trapping the heat from the sun and stopping it from

escaping back into space, global temperatures are gradually rising as a result of this

warming. There are a number of factors that contribute to global warming, including:

1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are

primarily the result of burning fossil fuels,

such as coal, oil, and natural gas, for

energy production and transportation. A

considerable portion of the CO2 emissions are due to the burning of these fuels.

In addition to deforestation and land-use changes, the loss of trees and soil also

releases carbon stored in them.

2. Methane (CH4) Emissions: Methane is a

potent greenhouse gas released during the

production and transport of coal, oil, and

natural gas. A large amount of this gas is

also emitted as a result of livestock, agricultural practices, and the decay of

organic waste in landfills.

3. N2O Emissions: Nitrous oxide is produced by agricultural and industrial activities

as well as the combustion of fossil fuels, which results in the emission of nitrous

oxide. Natural processes in the soil and the ocean are also responsible for the

production of this substance.

4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): These synthetic

 compounds, commonly used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol

propellants, contribute to global warming.

5. Deforestation: Cutting down trees and clearing forests reduces the planet's

capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmospere. Global warming is exacerbated by

the loss of carbon sinks, which contribute to the greenhouse effect.

6. Cement Production: The process of manufacturing cement involves the release

of substantial amounts of CO2, primarily due to the conversion of limestone into

clinker.

7. Livestock and Agriculture: The agricultural

sector contributes to global warming through

emissions of methane from livestock digestion,

as well as nitrous oxide from fertilizer use and

other farming practices.

8. Landfills: Decomposing organic waste in

landfills produces methane emissions, which can be mitigated through proper

waste management and gas capture systems.

9. Waste Incineration: The incineration of waste materials can release CO2 and

other greenhouse gases, although modern incineration facilities are designed to

minimize emissions.

10. Changing Land and Sea Ice: The melting of glaciers and ice sheets, as well as

the reduction in Arctic sea ice, contribute significantly to global warming by

reducing the planet's overall reflectivity (albedo) and exposing darker surfaces

that absorb more heat from the sun.

Impacts of Global Warming

Around the world, global warming has far-reaching effects on the environment,

ecosystems, economies, and societies at large. Despite the fact that these impacts

have already begun to be observed, they are expected to become more pronounced as

the temperature continues to rise. The following are some of the key impacts of global

warming that need to be addressed:

1. As global temperatures rise, more frequent and intense heatwaves are likely to

occur, which can have serious health implications, particularly for vulnerable

populations whose health has already been compromised.

2. The melting of glaciers and the thermal expansion of seawater contribute to the

rise of sea levels due to the melting of glaciers. Coastal erosion can result in

increased flooding, coastal communities can be displaced, and coastal

communities can be eroded as a result.

3. The severity and frequency of extreme weather events has been increasing as a

result of global warming, which has led to an increase in the number of

hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires. There can be devastating effects on

communities and economies as a result of these events.

4. Ocean acidification is caused by a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the

atmosphere, which increases the amount of CO2 that the ocean absorbs,

causing the ocean to become acidic. Coral reefs and shellfish populations can

suffer as a result of this type of pollution, which can be harmful to marine

ecosystems.

5. Changing temperatures and weather patterns can disrupt ecosystems, resulting

in changes in the distribution and behavior of plant and animal species as a

result of their behavior and distribution. Some species may struggle to adapt or

face extinction.

6. A change in temperature and precipitation patterns can have an adverse effect

on crop yields and water resources that are available for agriculture because

they can affect crop yields. In the long run, this can lead to food shortages and

an increase in food prices.

7. There can be significant economic consequences associated with global

warming, which can have a substantial impact on the economy. It is possible that

economic losses can be caused as a result of damage to infrastructure, an

increase in healthcare costs, and disruptions in supply chains and agriculture.

8. Climate change has the potential to exacerbate social and political tensions,

especially in areas where resources like water and arable land are already
 scarce, especially in countries in the developing world. Migration and

displacement caused by climate change can lead to conflict and strain resources.

9. In some regions, changes in precipitation patterns may result in water scarcity,

affecting both the availability of drinking water as well as agricultural irrigation,

due to changes in precipitation patterns.

10. There is a vulnerability in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and power lines,

due to rising sea levels and increased storm intensity, which can lead to

expensive repairs and disruptions of services.

Role of Global Warming on EMS

One of the most serious environmental issues facing the world today is global

warming, a growing effect of climate change that is having a significant effect on the

planet. A company's environmental components, especially those which are affected by

global warming, are managed by the use of Environmental Management Systems

(EMS), which are strategic frameworks that are applied to the environmental parts of an

organization. There is a link between global warming and the management system in

order to understand how firms can successfully incorporate climate change issues into

their management systems. In order to gain a better understanding of how enterprises

and institutions might adopt sustainable practices to lessen and prepare for the effects

of climate change within the framework of an environmental management system.

1. The integration of mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change

It is possible for organizations to systematically address concerns about global

warming by integrating mitigation and adaptation plans to climate change into their

environmental management systems. As part of this process, it is important to set goals

and targets in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, switch to renewable energy

sources, increase the efficiency of the energy system and create plans to strengthen

climate resilience. It is important to integrate climate issues 7 into organizational

decision-making processes using the EMS in order to respond pro-actively to the effects

of climate change in the future.

2. Compliance and Regulatory Alignment:

As a result of global warming, there have been regulatory changes in the

environmental sector and an increased scrutiny on businesses to reduce their carbon

footprints and comply with environmental regulations. EMSs provide organizations with

the opportunity to ensure compliance with laws and regulations relating to climate

change as they develop and evolve. Organizers can strengthen their commitment to

reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change by regularly

monitoring, measuring, and reporting their environmental performance in order to align

their operations with the latest regulatory requirements, reinforcing their commitment to

reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

3. Assessment of Environmental Risks and Impacts:

There are a number of serious environmental issues that can have far-reaching

effects on society and the planet, including global warming, an effect of climate change

that is on the rise. Management of an organization's environmental components,

especially those affected by global warming, is accomplished by utilizing Environmental

Management Systems (EMS), strategic frameworks that are used to develop the

organization's environmental management policies and procedures. It is important to

understand how firms can successfully incorporate climate change issues into their

management systems through an understanding of how global warming is related to

EMS.

Mitigation of Global Warming

It is essential to take actions to limit the extent of climate change and reduce

greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate global warming. It is a complex and

multifaceted issue that will require the efforts of individuals, communities, businesses,

and governments in order to solve. The following are some key strategies and actions

that can help mitigate the effects of global warming:

1. Transition to Clean Energy:

o Renewable Energy: Encourage the use

of renewable energy sources, such as

solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal

power, to generate electricity.

 Research and development on renewable energy can be encouraged by

the government.

2. Improve Energy Efficiency:

o The most effective way to reduce the consumption of energy in buildings

is to upgrade the insulation, lighting, and appliances.

o In order to solve the problem of transportation, we need to develop and

adopt energy-efficient vehicles, including electric cars, and invest in public

transportation and infrastructure.

o Enhance energy efficiency in industrial processes by utilizing technological

improvements and best practices to enhance energy efficiency.

3. Reduce Emissions from Fossil Fuels:

o We need to transition away from coal-burning power plants and shift to

cleaner and more sustainable alternatives as soon as possible.

o The carbon capture and storage (CCS) method is a technique for

capturing and storing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes

and power plants.

4. Promote Sustainable Land Use and Agriculture:

o Reforestation and Afforestation: Plant more trees and restore forests to

absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

o Sustainable Farming: Adopt sustainable agriculture practices to reduce

emissions from land use and food production.

5. Limit Deforestation and Land Use Change:

o Halt Deforestation: Implement policies to prevent deforestation and

promote sustainable forestry practices.

o Protect Natural Ecosystems: Preserve wetlands, mangroves, and other

natural carbon sinks.

6. Adopt Climate-Friendly Technologies:

o Electricity Storage: Develop better energy storage technologies to support

intermittent renewable energy sources.

o Hydrogen Economy: Explore the use of clean hydrogen as an energy

carrier.
 7. Promote Circular Economy:

o Reduce, Reuse, Recycle:

Reduce waste and promote

recycling and reuse of

materials to reduce

emissions associated with

resource extraction and

waste disposal.

8. Carbon Pricing:

o Implement carbon pricing mechanisms such as carbon taxes or cap-and-

trade systems to incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce

emissions.

9. Climate Education and Advocacy:

o Raise awareness about global warming and the importance of mitigation

efforts.

o Advocate for climate-friendly policies and support political leaders who

prioritize climate action.

10. International Cooperation:

o Support and participate in international agreements like the Paris

Agreement, which aims to limit global warming.

11. Reduce Methane Emissions:

o Capture and reduce methane emissions from sources such as landfills,

agriculture, and natural gas production.

12. Invest in Research and Development:

In order to reduce emissions and enhance

mitigation efforts, th ere is a need to invest

in the research and development of new

technologies and innovations.

It is important to remember that addressing global warming is a shared responsibility,

and that in order to make progress, individuals, communities, governments, as well as

industries need to work together. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the

impacts of global warming, it is crucial that we all act collectively and make sustainable

choices in our daily lives to limit greenhouse gas emissions and limit its impacts.

References:

 Climate Change | US EPA. (2023, September 29). US EPA.

https://www.epa.gov/climate-change

 EMS | Ozone Secretariat. (n.d.). https://ozone.unep.org/ems

 Mann, M. E. (2023b, October 4). Global warming | Definition, Causes, Effects, Solutions,

& Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming

 Mallon, S. (2021). Using an EMS to fight global warming. Green Element.

https://www.greenelement.co.uk/blog/ems-fight-global-warming/

 United Nations. (n.d.). Causes and effects of climate change | United Nations.

https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change

 Vedantu. (n.d.). Global warming. VEDANTU. https://www.vedantu.com/biology/global-

warming