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    Week 11 Solutions - ENB222

    Uploaded by

    Don Wook Won
    The document provides solutions to multiple chemistry problems involving combustion reactions and thermodynamics calculations. Problem 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature of products for the combustion of octane with 250% theoretical air. Problem 2 determines the mass flow rate of air and heat transfer rate for the combustion of propane with 150% excess air in a combustion chamber at 1200K. Problem 3 calculates the heat transfer rate for the combustion of ethane with stoichiometric air that is preheated to 500K in a combustion chamber at 800K.

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    Week 11 Solutions - ENB222

    Uploaded by

    Don Wook Won
    49 views11 pages
    The document provides solutions to multiple chemistry problems involving combustion reactions and thermodynamics calculations. Problem 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature of products for the combustion of octane with 250% theoretical air. Problem 2 determines the mass flow rate of air and heat transfer rate for the combustion of propane with 150% excess air in a combustion chamber at 1200K. Problem 3 calculates the heat transfer rate for the combustion of ethane with stoichiometric air that is preheated to 500K in a combustion chamber at 800K.

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    Thermodynamic- week11

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    The document provides solutions to multiple chemistry problems involving combustion reactions and thermodynamics calculations. Problem 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature of products for the combustion of octane with 250% theoretical air. Problem 2 determines the mass flow rate of air and heat transfer rate for the combustion of propane with 150% excess air in a combustion chamber at 1200K. Problem 3 calculates the heat transfer rate for the combustion of ethane with stoichiometric air that is preheated to 500K in a combustion chamber at 800K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views11 pages

    Week 11 Solutions - ENB222

    Uploaded by

    Don Wook Won
    The document provides solutions to multiple chemistry problems involving combustion reactions and thermodynamics calculations. Problem 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio and dew point temperature of products for the combustion of octane with 250% theoretical air. Problem 2 determines the mass flow rate of air and heat transfer rate for the combustion of propane with 150% excess air in a combustion chamber at 1200K. Problem 3 calculates the heat transfer rate for the combustion of ethane with stoichiometric air that is preheated to 500K in a combustion chamber at 800K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Week 11 Solutions - ENB222

    15-7C

    Is the air-fuel ratio expressed on a mole basis identical to the air-fuel ratio expressed on a
    mass basis?
    No. Because the molar mass of the fuel and the molar mass of the air, in general, are
    different.

    15-26

    Octane (C8 H18 ) is burned with 250 percent theoretical air, which enters the combustion
    chamber at 25 C. Assuming complete combustion and a total pressure of 1 atm, determine
    (a) the air-fuel ratio and (b) the dew-point temperature of the products.
    Chemical Balance,
    Reactants,
    Octane C8 H18
    250% air, air is O2 + 3.76N2
    If we assume complete combustion and the exact amount of air required,
    C8 H18 + ath [O2 + 3.76N2 ] > AH2 O + BCO2 + CN2
    Nitrogen is not part of the reaction, hence,
    C = ath 3.76
    Carbon only appears in the CO2 term, therefore,
    B=8
    Hydrogen only appears in the H2 O term, therefore,
    A=9
    The balanced equation is therefore,
    C8 H18 + ath [O2 + 3.76N2 ] > 9H2 O + 8CO2 + ath 3.76N2
    However, we need to account for there being 250 percent air,
    C8 H18 + 2.5ath [O2 + 3.76N2 ] > 9H2 O + 8CO2 + 2.5ath 3.76N2 + 1.5ath O2
    Solving, ath Stoichiometric Coefficient
    Simultaneous Equations
    5ath = 9 + 16 + 3ath From Oxygen
    2ath = 25
    ath = 12.5
    The balanced equation is now,
    C8 H18 + 31.25[O2 + 3.76N2 ] > 9H2 O + 8CO2 + 117.5N2 + 18.75O2
    Converting into mass,
    Molar Mass of Oxygen, 32 kg kmol1
    3

    Nitrogen, 28 kg kmol1
    Carbon, 12 kg kmol1
    Hydrogen, 2 kg kmol1
    mair = 31.25 (32 + 3.76 28) = 4290 kg
    mf uel = 8 12 + 9 2 = 114 kg
    Air-fuel ratio (mass) =

    4290
    114

    = 37.63

    (b)
    Dew point temperature,
    moles of water
    total number of moles

    pressure =

    9
    8+9+18.75+117.5

    The saturation temperature is,


    Tsat,P =5.95kP a = 36 C

    101.325 = 5.95 kP a

    15-62

    Liquid Propane (C3 H8 ) enters a combustion chamber at 25 C at a rate of 1.2 kg/min where
    it is mixed and burned with 150 percent excess air that enters the combustion chamber at
    12 C. If the combustion is complete and the exit temperature of the combustion gases is
    1200 K, determine (a) the mass flow rate of air and (b) the rate of heat transfer from the
    combustion chamber.
    Information:
    C3 H8 at 5 C, m
    = 1.2 kg/min, 150% excess air, T2 = 1200 K
    Reactants,
    C3 H8 + 2.5ath [O2 + 3.76N2 ]
    Products,
    ACO2 + BH2 O + 1.5ath O2 + 2.5(3.76ath )N2
    Solving for A and B,
    For A balance the carbons, A = 3
    For B balance the hydrogens, 8 = 2B, B = 4
    Oxygen Balance,
    5ath = 6 + 4 + 3ath
    2ath = 10
    ath = 5
    Therefore the balanced equation is,
    C3 H8 + 12.5[O2 + 3.76N2 ] > 3CO2 + 4H2 O + 7.5O2 + 47N2
    Finding the air-fuel ratio
    AF =

    mair
    mf uel

    Molar Mass of Oxygen, 32 kg kmol1


    Nitrogen, 28 kg kmol1
    Carbon, 12 kg kmol1
    Hydrogen, 2 kg kmol1
    5

    AF =

    12.5(32+3.7628)
    312+42

    AF =

    mair
    mf uel

    = 39

    m
    air
    m
    f uel

    m
    air = AF m
    f uel = 39 1.2 = 46.8 kg/min
    (b)
    Energy Balance,
    Ein Eout = E,
    P

    + h
    h
    )P
    NP (h
    f

    + h
    h
    )R = Q
    NR (h
    f

    For C3 H8 (l)
    The Enthalpy of Formation Table A-26

    h
    f,gas = 103, 850 kJ/kmol
    However, we need this value for a liquid,

    h
    f,liquid = hf,gas hf g
    From Table A-27 Enthalpy of Vaporization

    h
    f,liquid = 103, 850 44.097 335 = 118, 620 kJ/kmol
    From Tables, A-18, A-19, A-20, A-23, A-26, A-27,

    At 1200 K

    C3 H8 + 12.5[O2 + 3.76N2 ] > 3CO2 + 4H2 O + 7.5O2 + 47N2


    P
    + h
    h
    )P P NR (h
    + h
    h
    )R
    Q = NP (h
    f
    f
    = [3 (393, 520 + 53848 9364) + 4 (241, 820 + 44380 9904) + 7.5 (0 + 38447
    298 h
    298 )) + 12.5 (0 + 8296.5
    8622) + 47 (0 + 36777 8669)] [1 (118, 620 + (h
    8682) + 12.5 3.76(0 + 8286.5 8669)]
    Q = 190, 750 kJ/kmol

    Therefore, Qout = 190, 750 kJ/kmol


    Converting into a rate,
    Q out = N Qout =

    Q
    M out

    1.2
    44

    190750 = 5202.3 kJ/min

    15-68

    Ethane gas (C2 H6 ) at 25 C is burned in a steady-flow combustion chamber at a rate of 5


    kg/h with the stoichiometric amount of air, which is preheated to 500 K before entering
    the combustion chamber. An analysis of the combustion gases reveals that all the hydrogen
    in the fuel burns to H2 O but only 95 percent of the carbon burns to CO2 , the remaining
    5 percent forming CO. If the products leave the combustion chamber at 800 K, determine
    the rate of heat transfer from the combustion chamber.
    Chemical Equation,
    C2 H6 + ath (O2 + 3.76N2 ) > H2 O + CO2 + CO + O2 + N2
    Hydrogens,
    6 on the RHS and 2 per water term, therefore,
    =3
    Carbons,
    2 on the LHS of the equation and 1 Carbon in 2 terms on the RHS, one term gets 95%
    and the other 5%.
    2 = 0.95 2 + 0.05 2
    Hence,
    = 0.95 2 = 1.9
    = 0.05 2 = 0.1
    Because the stoichiometric amount of air is used, therefore,
     = ath 3.76
    Therefore the balanced equation is,
    C2 H6 + ath (O2 + 3.76N2 ) > 3H2 O + 1.9CO2 + 0.1CO + O2 + ath 3.76N2
    Oxygen Balance,
    2ath = 3 + 4 = 7, theref ore ath = 3.5 and leaving, = 0.05
    C2 H6 + 3.5(O2 + 3.76N2 ) > 3H2 O + 1.9CO2 + 0.1CO + 0.05O2 + 3.5 3.76N2
    8

    Energy Balance,
    Ein Eout = E,
    P

    h
    )R = Q
    h
    )P P NR (h
    + h
    + h
    NP (h
    f
    f

    From Tables, A-18, A-19, A-20, A-23, A-26, A-27,

    Q = [3(241, 820+27, 8969904)+1.9(393, 520+32, 1799, 365)+0.1(110, 530+23, 844


    8, 669) + 0.05(0 + 24, 523 8, 682) + 3.5 3.76(0 + 23, 714 8, 669)] [1(84, 680 + h298K
    h298K ) + 3.5(0 + 14, 770 8, 682) + 3.5 3.76(0 + 14, 581 8, 669)] = 1, 201, 005 kJ/kmol
    Therefore, Qout = 1, 201, 005 kJ/kmol
    The rate of heat transfer
    Q out = N Qout =

    Q
    M out

    5
    30

    1, 201, 005 = 200, 170 kJ/h

    15-79

    Hydrogen (H2 ) at 7 C is burned with 20 percent excess air that is also at 7 C during an
    adiabatic steady-flow combustion process. Assuming complete combustion, determine the
    exit temperature of the product gases.
    Reactants,
    H2 with 1.2ath (O2 + 3.76N2 )
    Products,
    H2 O, O2 , N2
    Equation,
    H2 + 1.2ath (O2 + 3.76N2 ) > AH2 O + 0.2ath O2 + 1.2ath 3.76N2
    A=1
    H2 + 1.2ath (O2 + 3.76N2 ) > H2 O + 0.2ath O2 + 1.2ath 3.76N2
    Oxygen Balance,
    2.4ath = 1 + 0.4ath , therefore ath = 0.5
    H2 + 0.6(O2 + 3.76N2 ) > H2 O + 0.1O2 + 0.6 3.76N2
    Energy Balance,
    Ein Eout = E,
    P

    + h
    h
    )P P NR (h
    + h
    h
    )R = Q
    NP (h
    f
    f

    But it is an adiabatic process, hence Q = 0, therefore,


    P

    + h
    h
    )P = P NR (h
    + h
    h
    )R
    NP (h
    f
    f

    From Tables, A-18, A-19, A-20, A-23, A-26, A-27,

    10

    11

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