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    HMWK5 Solutions

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    Wana Bila
    This document contains the homework assignment details for ECE 320 due on March 2nd. It includes 5 short answer questions about electrical commutation in DC machines, the relationship between electrical and mechanical angles, types of losses in DC machines, and using equations to analyze the operating mode and power calculations for a simple rotating loop system under different speed conditions.

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    HMWK5 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Wana Bila
    509 views4 pages
    This document contains the homework assignment details for ECE 320 due on March 2nd. It includes 5 short answer questions about electrical commutation in DC machines, the relationship between electrical and mechanical angles, types of losses in DC machines, and using equations to analyze the operating mode and power calculations for a simple rotating loop system under different speed conditions.

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    This document contains the homework assignment details for ECE 320 due on March 2nd. It includes 5 short answer questions about electrical commutation in DC machines, the relationship between electrical and mechanical angles, types of losses in DC machines, and using equations to analyze the operating mode and power calculations for a simple rotating loop system under different speed conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    509 views4 pages

    HMWK5 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Wana Bila
    This document contains the homework assignment details for ECE 320 due on March 2nd. It includes 5 short answer questions about electrical commutation in DC machines, the relationship between electrical and mechanical angles, types of losses in DC machines, and using equations to analyze the operating mode and power calculations for a simple rotating loop system under different speed conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ECE 320

    HW #5
    Due: Wed, March 2
    by 11:30am
    Short answer questions:
    1. What is commutation? How can a commutator convert ac voltages on a machine's
    armature to dc voltages on it's terminals?
    Commutation is the process of coverting AC voltage internal to the rotor of a DC machine to a
    constant DC output voltage. To do this, the commutator bars are strategically aligned with rotor
    windings and stator poles so that when the internal voltage reverses polarity, the output voltage
    will remain constant.
    2. Why does curving the pole faces in a dc machine contribute to a smoother dc output
    voltage from it?
    Curving the pole faces to match with the curvature of the rotor is done to create a constant air gap
    between the rotor and the stator. Therefore, the voltage induced on a winding should theoretically
    be constant the entire time it's under a pole face. (eind =2vBl for a 2 pole machine)
    3. Explain the concept of electrical degrees. How is the electrical angle of the voltage in
    a rotor conductor related to the machanical angle of the machine's shaft?
    360 electrical degrees is the time-interval for an alternating voltage or current to complete one full
    alternating cycle. In a full-pitched coil, a coil spans 180 electrical degrees. This means that if
    one side of the coil is under a magnetic pole face, the opposite side of the coil will be under the
    magnetic pole of opposite polarity.
    The relationship of electrical to mechanical angles is shown below.
    elec =

    Poles
    2

    mech

    4. What types of losses are present in a dc machine?


    Losses in a DC Machine include:
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    Electrical or Copper Losses (I 2R losses) in the armature and field windings.


    Brush losses due to a resistance in the carbon contact brush
    Core losses from hysteresis and eddy currents
    Mechanical losses due to windage and friction
    Stray load losses incorporate all other miscellaneous losses

    1/4

    5. Given the simple rotating loop below and the defined parameters,

    System parameters:
    B 5 := 0.75T

    VB := 27V

    l 5 := 0.5m

    R 5 := 0.5

    r5 := 0.15m

    rad
    5 := 250
    sec

    2/4

    (a) Is this machine operating as a motor or a generator? Explain.


    eind_a := 2 r5 l 5 B5 5

    eind_a = 28.125 V

    Since the battery voltage is only 27V, the machine is in generator mode. In this scenario, the
    machine is charging the battery.
    (b) What is the current flowing? Is it flowing into or out of the machine?

    i b :=

    eind_a VB

    i b = 2.25 A

    R5

    Flowing out of the machine (again, this is


    generator mode.)

    (c) What is the power? Is it flowing into or out of the machine?


    Ap := r5 l 5

    Ap = 0.236 m

    c := Ap B5
    2
    ind_c := c i b

    ind_c = 0.253 N m

    Pind := ind_c 5

    Pind = 63.281 W

    Power at the shaft

    Pind_c := eind_a i b = 63.281 W

    as a check:
    PB := VB i b

    PB = 60.75 W

    Power at the battery

    Again, the power at the shaft is larger than the power at the battery so the power flows from the
    machine to the battery. This is expected because the machine is acting as a generator.
    (d) If the speed of the rotor were changed to 280 rad/s, what would happen to the current?
    rad
    5d := 280
    sec
    eind_d := 2 r5 l 5 B 5 5d

    i d :=

    eind_d VB
    R5

    id = 9 A

    eind_d = 31.5 V

    Armature current increases

    3/4

    (e) If the speed of the rotor were changed to 220 rad/s, what would happen to the
    curent? Caculate the power for this scenario.
    rad
    5e := 220
    sec
    eind_e := 2 r5 l 5 B5 5e

    i e :=

    eind_e VB
    R5

    eind_e = 24.75 V

    i e = 4.5 A

    Armature current decreases and now is


    flowing in the opposite direction. The
    machine is now operating as a motor.

    In motor convention:
    i e :=

    VB eind_e
    R5

    i e = 4.5 A

    2
    ind_e := c i e

    ind_e = 0.506 N m

    Pind_e := ind_e 5e

    Pind_e = 111.375 W

    as a check:

    Power at the shaft

    Pind_e := eind_e i e = 111.375 W

    PB_e := VB i e

    PB_e = 121.5 W

    Power at the battery

    Power at the shaft is smaller than the power at the battery so the power flows from the battery
    to run the the machine. This is expected because the machine is a motor for this speed
    scenario.

    4/4

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