3.

Exercises 1
1.

50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 calcium chloride,

CaCl2 solution is added to 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol
dm-3 sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 solution in a
polystyrene cup.
A white precipitate of calcium carbonate,
CaCO3 is formed.
The results of the experiment are shown
below:
Initial temperature of calcium chloride,
CaCl2 solution = 26.0 C
Initial temperature of sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3 solution = 25.0 C
Highest temperature of the mixture = 27.5C

4.

Calculate
(a) The temperature change
(b) The number of moles of calcium
carbonate, CaCO3 formed.
(c) The heat change in this experiment.
(d) The heat of precipitate of calcium
carbonate, CaCO3.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
2.

5.

100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate,

AgNO3 solution is mixed with 100 cm 3 of
1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride, KCl
solution to form a white precipitate of silver
chloride, AgCl.
The thermochemical
reaction is:
Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

equation

for

the

AgCl(s)
H= -65.5 kJ mol-1

(a) Calculate the heat give out in the

reaction.
(b) What is the temperature change of the
reaction mixture?
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]

6.

What is meant by heat of precipitation of

silver chloride is -58.8 kJ mol-1?
A
58.8 kJ energy given out when 1
mole of silver chloride reacted completely
B
58.8 kJ energy given out when 1
mole of silver chloride formed
C
58.8 kJ energy absorbed when 1
mole of silver reacts with 1 mole of chlorine
D
58.8 kJ energy absorbed when 1
mole of silver chloride decomposed
completely
The equation below shows the precipitation
reaction of lead(II) sulphate.
Pb2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
PbSO4(s)
H = -50.4 kJ mol-1
If 6.06 g of lead(II) sulphate formed in a
precipitation reaction, what is the heat
energy given out?
[Relative atomic mass: Pb, 207; S, 32; O,16]
A
0.504 kJ
B
0.606 kJ
C
1.008 kJ
D
3.024 kJ
3
50 cm of 2.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution
is added to 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
chloride solution. Given that the heat of
precipitate of silver chloride is -58.8 kJ mol1
, calculate the change of the temperature of
the mixture.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
A
14 C
B
10.5 C
C
7C
D
3.5 C
25 cm3 of sodium sulphate, NaSO 4 solution
is added to 25 cm3 of barium chloride, BaCl2
solution. A white precipitate of barium
sulphate, BaSO4 formed and the temperature
of the mixture increases 2.5C.
Given that the value of H of the reaction is
-42 kJ mol-1, calculate the mass of the
barium sulphate formed.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3
Relative atomic mass Ba, 137; S, 32; O, 16]
A
5.825 g
B
4.368 g
C
2.9125 g
D
1.4563 g

Exercise 2 (Heat of displacement)

1.

An excess of copper powder is added to 100

cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate, AgNO3
solution on a polystyrene cup. The results of
the experiment are shown below:
Initial temperature of silver nitrate, AgNO 3
solution = 28.0C
Highest temperature of the mixture = 48.0C
(a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction
(b) Calculate the mass of copper reacts with
100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate,
AgNO3 solution
(c) Calculate the heat of displacement of
silver by copper

4.

The equation below shows a displacement

reaction.
Zn(s) +Pb2+(aq)
Pb(s) + Zn2+(aq)
H= -112 kJ mol-1
If excess of zinc is added to 100 cm3 of 0.5
mol dm-3 lead(II) ions aqueous solution,
what is the heat energy given out?
A 0.56 kJ
B 1.12 kJ
C 2.24 kJ
D 5.6 kJ

5.

Excess of iron powder is added to 50 cm 3 of

0.2 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution.
Given that the initial temperature of
copper(II) sulphate is 28C and the heat of
displacement of copper by iron is -150 kJ
mol-1, calculate the highest temperature of
the mixture.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
A 35.14 C
B 30.00 C
C 25.07 C
D 20.54 C

6.

Excess of magnesium powder is added to

100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate
solution. The mixture is stirred and the
results are recorded.
Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate =
29.0C
Highest temperature of the mixture = 45.5C
Calculate the heat of displacement of copper
by magnesium.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
A 446.5 kJ mol-1
B 423.5 kJ mol-1
C 384.5 kJ mol-1
D 346.5 kJ mol-1

[Molar mass of Cu= 64 g mol -1 ; Specific

heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1C-1;
density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
2.

The thermochemical equation for the

reaction between zinc and copper(II)
sulphate, CuSO4 solution is as follows:
Zn(s) +Cu2+(aq)
Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
H= -210 kJ mol-1
In an experiment, excess of zinc powder is
added to 200 cm3 of copper(II) sulphate,
CuSO4 solution at 30C in a polystyrene
cup. It is found that 3.2 g of copper is
displaced.
Calculate
(a) The highest temperature reached
(b) The concentration of the copper(II)
sulphate solution
[Molar mass of Cu= 64 g mol -1 ; Specific
heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1C-1;
density of solution = 1 g cm-3]

3.

What is meant by heat of displacement?

A Heat change when 1 mole of metal is
displaced by a more electropositive metal
from its salt solution
B Heat change when 1 mole of metal formed
in an electrolysis process
C Heat change when 1 mole of metal reacts
with dilute acid to form 1 mole of metal ions
D Heat change when 1 mole of metal oxide
is reduced by a more reactive metal to form
metal

Exercise 3 (Heat of Neutralization)

1.

2.

3.

50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide,

NaOH solution is added to 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol
dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in a plastic cup.
The results are shown below:
Initial temperature of NaOH solution =
29.0 C
Initial temperature of H2SO4 = 29.0 C
Highest temperature of the mixture= 29.0 C
(a) Which solution is in excess?
(b) Calculate the heat of neutralization
between NaOH solution and H2SO4.
[Specific heat capacity of solution =
4.2 J g-1C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
When 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium
hydroxide, KOH is added to 100 cm 3 of 1.0
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl the
temperature rise of the mixture is 14C.
Predict the temperature rise in each of the
following cases.
(a) 200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to
200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid, HCl.
(b) 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to
100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid, HCl.
(c) 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 potassium
hydroxide, KOH solution is added to
100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
acid, HCl.
The following shows the thermochemical
equations for 2 neutralization reactions.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
H= -57.3 kJ mol-1
HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) KNO3(aq) +H2O(l)
H= -57.3 kJ mol-1
The heat of neutralization of the 2 reactions
is the same because
A HCl is a strong acid whereas HNO 3 is a
weak acid.
B KOH is a strong alkali whereas NaOH is a
weak alkali.
C both reactions only involve hydrogen ions
and hydroxide ions.
D both reactions released energy when water
is formed.

4.

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide,

NaOH is added to 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Given that the heat of
neutralization of this reaction is -57.3 kJ
mol-1, calculate the heat energy given out in
the experiment.
A 2.292 kJ
B 2.865 kJ
C 22.92 kJ
D 28.65 kJ

5.

100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 potassium

hydroxide solution is added to 100 cm 3 of
2.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid. Given that the heat
of neutralization of this reaction is -57.3 kJ
mol-1, calculate the change of the
temperature of the mixture.
A 3.41C
B 6.82 C
C 13.64 C
D 27.28 C

6.

The heat of neutralization between ethanoic

acid, CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide,
NaOH solution is -55 kJ mol-1. This value is
lower than the heat of neutralization
between nitric acid, HNO3 and sodium
hydroxide, NaOH solution which is -57.3 kJ
mol-1.
Which of the following explain the
difference of the heat of neutralization
above?
A Neutralization between ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide, NaOH
solution absorbs more energy.
B Neutralization between ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH and sodium hydroxide, NaOH
solution need less energy to break the bonds
C Ethanoic acid release more energy during
the ionization in water to produce hydrogen
ions
D Some of the heat given out during
neutralization reaction is used to ionize the
ethanoic acid molecules completely to
produce hydrogen ions, H+.

Exercise 4 (Heat of Combustion)

1.

2.

3.

The thermochemical equation for the

complete combustion of ethanol is shown
below:
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g)
2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
H= -1376 kJ mol-1
Assume that there is no heat lost to the
surroundings, calculate the mass of ethanol
needed to burn completely in excess oxygen
in order to raise the temperature of 200 cm 3
of water by 30 C.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g 1
C-1; density of solution = 1 g cm -3; relative
atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
The heat of combustion of ethanol C 2H5OH
is -1376 kJ mol-1. Calculate the fuel value
of ethanol?
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]

4.

A 669.5 kJ
B 535.6 kJ
C 334.75 kJ
D 267.8 kJ
5.

The heat of combustion of methanol,

CH3OH is -728 kJ mol-1. Calculate the mass
of methanol to produce 1092 kJ of energy.
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
A 60 g
B 48 g
C 36 g
D 24 g

6.

0.32 g of a hydrocarbon X was burnt

completely and the heat energy given out
raised the temperature of 200 cm3 of water
by 12C. Calculate the heat of combustion
of the hydrocarbon X.
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]
A -913.5 kJ mol-1
B -547.3 kJ mol-1
C -1082 kJ mol-1
D -1827 kJ mol-1

Table below shows the heat of combustion

of methanol and ethanol.
Alcohol

Heat of combustion

(kJ mol-1)
Methanol
Ethanol

-728
-1376

Which of the following explains the

difference of the heat of combustion
between the two alcohols?
A The intermolecular forces between the
molecules of ethanol are stronger.
B The ethanol molecules are burnt
completely in oxygen.
C There are more carbon atoms in ethanol.
D The percentage of carbon by mass of
ethanol is higher.

The thermochemical equation for the

complete combustion of butanol is shown
below:
C4H9OH(l) + 6O2(g)
4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
H= -2678 kJ mol-1
18.5 g of butanol is burnt completely in
excess oxygen. What is the heat energy
given out?
[Relative atomic mass: H,1: C,12: O,16]