HEAT & MASS TRANSFER

UNIT I CONDUCTION

PART A
1. What is Fourier's Law of heat conduction?
2. What is temperature gradient?
3. What is coefficient of Thermal conductivity?
4. Give some examples of heat transfer in engineering.
6. Define Temperature field.
7. Define heat flux.
8. Define thermal Diffusivity.
9. What is Lap lace equation for heat flow?
10. What is Poisson's equation for heat flow?
11. What critical radius of insulation;
12. Give examples for initial'&; boundary conditions.
13. What is a Fin?
14. Define efficiency of the fin ..
15. Define effectiveness of the fin.
16. Give examples of use of fins in various engineering applications.
17. What is meant by Transient heat conduction?
18. Give governing differential equation for the one dimensional
transient heat flow.
19. What is Biot number?
20. What is Newtonian heating or cooling process?
21. Give examples for Transient heat transfer.
22. What is meant by thermal resistance?
23. What is meant by periodic heat transfer?
24. What are Heisler chart?

25. What is the function of insulating materials?

PART B
1. A pipe consists of 100 mm internal diameter and 8 mm
thickness carries steam at 170C. The convective heat transfer
coefficient on the inner surface of pipe is 75 W/m2C. The pipe
is insulated by two layers of insulation. The first layer
of insulation is 46 mm in thickness havingthermal conductivity
of 0.14 W/mC. The second layer of insulation is also 46 mm in
thickness having thermal conductivity of 0.46 W/mC. Ambient
air temperature = 33C. The convectiveheat transfer
coefficient from the outer surface of pipe = 12
W/m2C. Thermal conductivity of steam pipe = 46 W/mC.
Calculate the heat loss per unit length of pipe and determine
the interface temperatures. Suggest the materials used
for insulation.
2. A long rod is exposed to air at 298C. It is heated at one end.
At steady state conditions, the temperature at two points
along the rod separated by 120 mm are found to be 130C
and 110C respectively. The diameter of the rod is25mmOD
and
its thermal conductivity
is
116 W/mC.
Calculate
the heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the rod and also
the heat transfer rate.
3. (i) A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10
cm thickness is made of firebrick (k =1.04 W/mK). The
intermediate layer of 25 cm thickness is made of masonry
brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a 5 cm thick concrete wall
(k = 1.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous operation
the inner surface of the furnace is at 800C while the
outer concrete surface is at 50C. Calculate the rate
of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the temperature at the
interface

of

the

firebrick

and

masonry

brick

and

the

temperature at the interface of the masonry brick and

concrete. (8)
(ii) An electrical wire of 10 m length and 1 mm diameter
dissipates 200 W in air at 25C. The convection heat transfer
coefficient between the wire surface and air is 15 W/m2K.
Calculate the critical radius of insulation and also determine
the temperature of the wire if it is insulated to the critical
thickness of insulation.
4. (i) An aluminium rod (k =204 W/mK) 2 cm in diameter and 20
cm long protrudes from a wall which is maintained at 300C.
The end of the rod is insulated and the surface of the rod is
exposed to air at 30C. The heat transfer coefficient between
the rod's surface and air is 10Vl/m2K. Calculate the heat lost
by the rod and the temperature of the rod at a distance of 10
cm from the wall. (7)
(ii) A large iron plate of 10 cm thickness and originally at 800C is
suddenly exposed to anenvironment at OC where the convection
coefficient is 50 W/m2K. Calculate the temperature at a depth of 4
em from one of the faces 100 seconds after the plate is exposed to
the environment. How much energy has been lost per unit area of
the plate during this time? (9)
5.
(i) ) Explain the different modes of heat transfer with
appropriate expressions.
(ii) A composite wall consists. of 10 cm thick layer of building brick,
k = 0.7 W/mK and 3 cm thick plaster, k = 0.5 W/mK. An insulating
material of k = 0.08 W/mK is to be added to reduce theheat transfer
through the wall by 40%. Find its thickness.
6. Circumferential aluminium fins of

rectangular

profile

(1.5cmwide and 1mm thick) are fitted on to a 90 mm engine

cylinder with a pitch of 10 mm. The height of the cylinder
is 120 mm. The cylinder base temperature before and after
fitting the fins are 200C and 150C respectively. Take ambient

at
30C
and
h(average)
=100
W/m2K. Estimate
the heat dissipated from the finned and the unfinned surface
areas of cylinder body. (16)
7. (i) Derive the heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates using an elemental volume for a stationary isotropic
solid.
8. (ii) A 3 cm OD steam pipe is to be covered with two layers
of insulation each

having

athickness

of

2.5

cm.

The

average thermal conductivity of one insulation is 5 times that

of
the
other.
Determine
the
percentage
decrease
in heat transfer if better insulating material is next to pipe
than it is the outer layer. Assume that the outside and inside
temperatures of compositeinsulation are fixed. (8)
9. (i) Explain briefly the concept of critical

thickness

of insulation and state any two applications of the same. (8)

(ii) A 6 em long copper rod (k = 300 W/mK) 6mm in diameter
is exposed to an environment at 20C. The base temperature
of the rod is maintained at 160C. The heat transfer coefficient is 20 W/m2K. Calculate the heat given by the rod and
efficiency and effectiveness of the rod. (8)
10. (i) Define the Biot and Fourier numbers. (4)
What is meant lumped capacity? What are the physical
assumptions necessary for a lumped capacity unsteady state
analysis to apply? (4) (iii)A slab of Aluminum 5 cm thick
initially at 200C is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 70C for
which
the
convection heat transfer
co-efficient
is
525 W/m2K. Determine the temperature at a depth of 12.5
mm from one of the faces 1 minute after the immersion.
11. Also calculate the energy removed per unit area from the
plate during 1 minute of immersion. Take P = 2700 bar, Cp =
0.9 kJlkg. OK, k=215W/mK, = 8.4X 10-5 m2/s.(8)

12. A composite wall is formed of a 2.5 cm copper plate (k = 355

W/m.K), a 3.2 mm layer of asbestos (k = 0.110 W/m.K) and a 5
cm layer of fiber plate (k = 0.049 W/m.K). The wall is subjected
to an overall temperature difference of 560C (560C on the
Cu plate side and OC on the fiber plate side). Estimate
the heat flux through this composite ~all and the interface
temperature between asbestos and fiber plate. (16
13. A steel tube k=43.26 W/mK of 5.08 cm 10 and 7.62 cm 00 is
covered with 2.54 cm of asbestosInsulation k=0.208 W/mK The
inside surface of the tube receives heat by convection from a
hot gas at a -temperature of 316C
coefficient
ha=284 W/m2K while
the

with heat transfer

outer
surface

of Insulation is exposed to atmosphere air at 38C

with heat transfer coefficient of 17W/m2K Calculate heat loss
to atmosphere for 3 m length of the tube and temperature
drop across each layer. (16)
14. (i) A plane wall 20 cm thickness generates heat at the rate of 5
x 104 W/m3 when an electric current is passed through it. The
convective heat transfer coefficient between each face of the
wall and the ambient air is 60 W/m2K. Determine.
The surface temperature (4)
The maximum temperature in the wall. Assume ambient air
temperature to be 25C and
wall material to be 16 W/mK. (4)

thethermal conductivity

of the

(ii) A steel ball 100 mm diameter was initially at 50~C and is placed
in air which is at35C. Calculate time required to attain 400C and
300C. (8) k steel = 35 W/mK c = 0.46 kJI kgK p = 7800 kglm3 h =
10 W/m2K

UNIT II
CONVECTION

PART A
1. What is Convective heat transfer?
2. Sketch formation of boundary layer and show laminar, transition
& turbulent flow.
3. Write down differential equation for Continuity of fluid flow.
4. State Newton's law of cooling.
5. Differentiate between Natural & Forced convection.
6. State Buckingham's 1t'theorem.
7. What is meant by Dimensional analysis?" ,
8. Sketch boundary layer development in a circular pipe.
9. What is Reynolds analogy?
10. What is Colburn analogy?
11. Define the Bulk temperature.
12. Define velocity boundary layer thickness.
13. Define thermal boundary layer thickness.
14. Distinguish between laminar & turbulent flow.
15. What is meant by critical Reynolds number?
16. Define skin friction coefficient.
17. Give examples for free convection.
18. Define Grashof number.
19. Sketch, temperature and velocity profiles in free convection on a
vertical wall.
20. Define momentum thickness.
21. Define Displacement thickness.
22. List the dimensionless numbers.
23. What are the uses of dimensional analysis?
24. Explain the term Dimensional homogeneity.
25. What are the limitations of Dimensional analysis?
PART B

1. Air at 200 kPa and 200C is heated as it flows through a tube

with a diameter of 25 mm at a velocity of 10 m./sec. The wall
temperature is maintained constant and is 20C above the air
temperature all along the length of tube. Calculate:
(i) The rate of heat transfer per unit length of the tube.
(ii) Increase in the bulk temperature of air over a 3 m length of the
tube. (16)
2. (i) Write down the momentum equation for a steady, two
dimensional flow of an incompressible, constant property
newtonian fluid in the rectangular coordinate system and
mention the physical significance of each term. (6)
(ii) A large vertical plate 5 m high is maintained at 100C and
exposed to air at 30C Calculate the convection heat transfer
coefficient. (10)
3. Sketch the boundary layer development of a flow over a flat
plate and explain the significance of the boundary layer. (6) (ii)
Atmospheric air at 275 K and a free stream velocity of 20 m/s
flows over a flat plate 1.5 m long that is maintained at a
uniform temperature of 325 K. Calculate the average heat
transfer coefficient over the region where the boundary layer is
laminar, the average heat transfer coefficient over the entire
length of the plate and the total heat transfer rate from the
plate to the air over the length 1.5 m and width 1 m.
Assumetransition occurs at Ree = 2xl05 (10)
4. What is Reynold's analogy? Describe the relation between fluid
friction and heat transfer? (4) (ii) Air at 25C flows over 1 m x 3
m (3 m long) horizontal plate maintained at 200C
at 10mls. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficients for
both laminar and turbulent regions. Take Re (critical) = 3.5 x
105 (12)
5. Define Reynolds, Nusselt and Prandtl numbers. (6) (ii) A steam
pipe 10 cm outside diameter runs horizontally in a room at

23C. Take the outside surface temperature of pipe as 165C.

Determine the heat loss per unit length of the pipe. (10)
6. Explain for fluid flow along a flat plate:
(1) Velocity distribution in hydrodynamic boundary layer
(2) Temperature distribution in thermal boundary layer
(3) Variation of local heat transfer co-efficient along the flow. (8)
(ii) The water is heated in a tank by dipping a plate of 20 cm X 40
cm in size. The temperature of the plate surface is maintained at
100C. Assuming the temperature of the surrounding water is at 30
C, Find the heat loss from the plate 20 cm side is in vertical plane.
(8)
7. Air at 400 K and 1 atm pressure flows at a speed of 1.5 m/s
over a flat plate of 2 m long. The plate is maintained at a
uniform temperature of 300 K. If the plate has a width of 0.5 m,
estimate the heat transfer coefficient and the rate of heat
transfer from the air stream to the plate. Also estimate the
drag force acting on the plate. (16)
8. Cylindrical cans of 150 mm length and 65 mm diameter are to
be cooled from an initial temperature of 20C by placing them
in a cooler containing air at a temperature of 1C and a
pressure of 1 bar. Determine the cooling rates when the cans
are kept in horizontal and vertical positions. (16)
9. A circular disc heater 0.2m in diameter is exposed to ambient air at 25C.
One surface of the disc is insulated at 130C. Calculate the amount of heat
transferred from the disc when it is.
10. (i) Distinguish between free and forced convection giving
examples. (4)
(ii) A steam pipe 10 cm OD runs horizontally in a room at 23 C. Take
outside temperature of pipe as 165 C. Determine the heat loss per

unit length of the pipe. Pipe surface temperature reduces to 80 C

with 1.5 cm insulation. What is the reduction in heat loss?(12)

UNIT III
PHASE CHANGE HEAT TRANSFER & HEAT EXCHANGERS

PART A
1. What is a Heat Exchanger1
2. How heat exchangers are classified?
3. Give examples of non mixing type heat exchangers.
4. Sketch temperature distribution graph for condensers

&

evaporators.
5. What is overall heat transfer coefficient in a heat exchanger?
6. What is LMTD?
7. What is effectiveness of a heat exchanger?
8. Discuss the advantage of NTU method over the LMTD method.
9. What are the assumptions made during LMTD analysis?
10. What are the factors are involved in designing a heat
exchangers?
11. , In what way Boiling & Condensation differs from other types of
heat exchange?
12. What is Excess temperature in boiling?
13. What is meant by sub cooled or local boiling?
14. What is Nucleate boiling?
15. Give expression for heat transfer coefficient in Nucleate boiling.
16. What is flow boiling? .
17. What is meant by condensation?
18. Draw heat flux curve for various regions of flow boiling.
19. Define Film wise condensation.

20. Define Drop wise condensation.

21. How is the Reynolds number in condensation defined?
PART B
01. A tube of 2 m length and 25 mm outer diameter is to be used to
condense saturated steam at 100C while the tube surface is
maintained at 92C. Estimate the average heat transfer coefficient
and the rate of condensation of steam if the tube is kept horizontal.
The steam condenses on the outside of the tube. (16)
02. Steam condenses at atmospheric pressure on the external
surface of the tubes of a steam condenser. The tubes are 12 in
number and each is 30 mm in diameter and 10 m long. The inlet and
outlet temperatures of cooling water flowing inside the tubes are
25C and 60C respectively. If the flow rate is 1.1 kg/s, calculate
(i) The rate of condensation of steam
(ii) The number of transfer units
(iii) The effectiveness of the condenser. (16)
03. (i) It is desired to boil water at atmospheric pressure on a copper
surface which electrically heated. Estimate the heat flux from the
surface to the water, if the surface is maintained at noc and also
the peak heat flux. (8)
(ii) A tube of 2 m length and 25 mm OD is to be used to condense
saturated steam at 100C while the tube surface is maintained at
92C. Estimate the average heat transfer coefficient and the rate of
condensation of steam if the tube is kept horizontal. The steam
condenses on the outside ofthe tube.
04. (i) Give the classification of heat exchangers. (4)
(ii) It is desired to use a double pipe counter flow heat exchanger to
cool 3 kg/s of oil (Cp = 2.1 kJ/kgK) from 120C. Cooling water at
20C enters the heat exchanger at a rate of 10 kg/so The overall
heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 600 W/m2Kand the
heat transfer area is 6 m2 Calculate the exit temperatures of oil
and water. (12)

05. (i) Discuss the general arrangement of parallel flow, counter flow
and cross flow heat exchangers. (6)
(ii) In a Double pipe counter flow heat exchanger 10000 kg/h of an
oil having a specific heat of 2095 J/kgK is cooled from 80C to 50C
by 8000 kg/h of water entering at 25C. Determine the heat
exchanger area for an overall heat transfer coefficient of 300
W/m2K. Take Cp for water as 4180 J/kgK (10)
06. (i) Discuss the various regimes of pool boiling heat transfer. (8)
(ii) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.45 bar condenses on the
surface of a vertical tube of height 1 m. The tube surface
temperature is kept at 117C. Estimate the thickness of the
condensate film and the local heat transfer coefficient at a distance
of 0.2m from the upper end of the tube. (8)
07. (i) With a neat and labeled sketch explain the various regimes in
boiling heat transfer. (8)
(ii) A vertical plate 0.5 m2 in area at temperature of 92C is exposed
to steam at atmospheric pressure. If the steam is dry and saturated
estimate the heat transfer rate and condensate mass per hour. The
vertical length of the plate is 0.5 m. Properties of water at film
temperatures of 96C can be obtained from tables. (8)
08. (i) Compare LMTD and NTU method of heat exchanger analysis.
(6)
(ii) Hot exhaust gases which enters a finned tube cross flow heat
exchanger at 300C and leave at 100c, are used to heat
pressurized water at a flow rate of 1 kg/s from 35 to 125C. The
exhaust gas specific heat is approximately 1000 J/kg.K, and the
overall heat transfer co-efficient based on the gas side surface area
is Uh = 100W/m2K. Determine the required gas side surface area Ah
using the NTU method.
Take Cp,c at Tc = 80C is 4197 J/kg.K and Cp,h = 1000 J/kg.K . (10)
09. Water is to be boiled at atmospheric pressure in a mechanically
polished stainless steel pan placed on top of a heating unit. The

inner surface of the bottom of the pan is maintained at lO8C. The

diameter of the bottom of the pan is 30 cm. Assuming Csf = 0.0130.
calculate (i) the rate of heat transfer to the water and ii) the rate of
evaporation of water. (16)
10. Define effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Derive an expression
for the effectiveness of a double pipe parallel flow heat exchanger.
State the assumptions made. (16)
11. Water enters a cross flow Heat exchanger (both fluids unmixed)
at 5C and flows at the rate of 4600 kg/h to cool 4000 kg/h of air
that is initially at 40C. Assume the over all heat transfer coefficient
value to be 150 W/m2K For an exchanger surface area of 25m2,
Calculate the exit temperature of air and water. (16)
12. (i) Describe the principle of parallel flow and counter flow heat
exchangers showing the axial temperature distribution. (8)
(ii) A parallel flow heat exchanger has hot and cold water stream
running through it, the flow rates are 10 and 25 kg/min respectively.
Inlet temperatures are 75 C and 25 C on hot and cold sides. The
exit temperature on the hot side should not exceed 50 C. Assume
hi = ho= 600W/m K.Calculate the area of heat exchanger using E
-NTU approach. (8)

UNIT IV RADIATION

PART A
1. Define Radiation heat transfer.
2. What is Stefan's Bolts Mann law?
3. What is Intensity of radiation?
4. Define Shape factor.
5. What is Radiation Shield?
6. Define Quantum theory.

7. Define Emissive power of a black surface.

8. Defme concept of Black body.
9. Define Planck's distribution law.
10. Define Wien's distribution law.
11. Define Emissivity of a surface.
12. What is meant by Kirchhoff's law?
13. Define Irradiation.
14. Define Radiosity.
15. Distinguish between Absorptivity & Transmittivity of radiation.
16. What are the gases, which radiate heat?
17. What is mean beam length in Gas Radiation?
18. What is the equation for radiation between two gray bodies?
19. Distinguish between Reflectivity & Transmittivity.
20. Differentiate Opaque body & perfectly transparent surface.
21. Write down the Wien's formula.
22. Write down the heat transfer equation for Radiant exchange
between infinite
23. parallel gray planes.
PART B
01. Liquid Helium at 4.2 K is stored in a dewar flask of inner
diameter = 0.48 m and outer diameter = 0.5 m. The dewar flask can
be treated as a spherical vessel. The outer surface of the inner
vessel and the inner surface of the outer vessel are well polished
and the emissivity of these surfaces is 0.05. The space between the
two vessels is thoroughly evacuated. The inner surface of the dewar
flask is at 4.2 K while the outer surface is at 300 K. Estimate the rate
of heat transfer between the surfaces. (16)
02. A thin aluminium sheet with an emissivity of 0.1 on both sides is
placed between two very large parallel plates that are maintained at
uniform temperatures Tl = 800 K and T2 = 500 K and have
emissivities "1 = 0.2 and "2 = 0.7 respectively. Determine the net
rate of radiation heat transfer between the two plates per unit

surface area of the plates and compare the result to that without
shield. (16)
03.(i) Discuss how the radiation from gases differ from that of solids.
(6)
(ii) Two very large parallel plates with emissivities 0.5 exchange
heat. Determine the percentage reduction in the heat transfer rate if
a polished aluminium radiation shield of c = 0.04 is placed in
between the plates. (10)
04. (i) Define emissivity, absorptivity and reflectivity (06)
(ii) Describe the phenomenon of radiation from real surfaces. (10)
05. (i) What are the radiation view factors and why they are used?
(04)
(ii) determine the view factor (F1-4) for the figure shown below. (12)

06. (i) State and prove the following laws: (1) Kirchoffs law of
radiation
(2) Stefan - Boltzmann law (8)
(ii} Show-from energy-balance consideration that the radiation heat
transfer from a plane composite surface area A4 and made up of
plane surface areas A2 and A3 to a plane surface area Al is given by:
A4F41=A3F31+A2F21 & F14=F12+F13 (8)
07. (i) Using the definition of radiosity and irradiation prove that the
radiation heat exchange between two grey bodies is given by the
relation: (8)

(ii) A surface at lOOK with emissivity of 0.10 is protected from a

radiation flux of 1250 W/m2 by a shield with emissivity of 0.05.
Determine the percentage cut off and the shield temperature.
Assume shape factor as 1. (8)
08. Explain briefly the following: (i) Specular and diffuse reflection

(5)

(ii) reflectivity and transmissivity

(5)

(iii) reciprocity rule and summation rule

(6)

09. (i) Two parallel, infinite grey surface are maintained at

temperature of 127C and 227Crespectively. If the temperature of the
hot surface is increased to 327C, by what factor is the net radiation
exchange per unit area increased? Assume the emissivities of cold
and hot surface to be 0.9 and 0.7 respectively. (8)
(ii) Two equal and parallel discs of diameter 25 cm are separated by
a distance of 50 cm. If the discs are maintained at 600C and 250C.
Calculate the radiation heat exchange between them. (8)
10. Two large parallel planes with emissivities 0.35 and 0.85
exchange heat by radiation. The planes are respectively 1073K and
773K . A radiation shield having the emissivity of 0.04 is placed
between them. Find the percentage reduction in radiation heat
exchange and temperature of the shield. (16)

UNIT V
MASS TRANSFER

PART A
1. What is meant by mass transfer?
2. What is Diffusion mass transfer?
3. What is Convective mass transfer?
4. Give some examples of Diffusion mass transfer.
5. What is the governing equation for Diffusion mass transfer?
6. What is mass diffusion velocity?
7. What is the Molar Diffusion velocity?
8. Define the
concentration )

following:

a)

Mass

concentration

b)

Molar

9. What is Counter diffusion?

10. Define mass transfer fluxes.
11. What is the governing equation for Transient Diffusion?
12. Give equation for Counter diffusion.
13. Define Fourier number & Biot number for mass transfer.
14. What are the factors considered in evaporation of water into air?
PART B
01. A steel sphere of radius 60 mm which is initially at a uniform
temperature of 325C is suddenly exposed to an environment at
25C; with convection heat transfer coefficient 500 W/m2K.
Calculate the temperature at a radius 36 mm and the heat
transferred 100 seconds after the sphere is exposed to the
environment. (16)
02. The tire tube of a vehicle has a surface area 0.62 m2 and wall
thickness 12 mm. The tube has air filled in it at a pressure 2.4 x 105
N/m2 The air pressure drops to 2.3 x 105 N/m2 in 10 days. The
volume of air in the tube is 0.034 m3 Calculate the diffusion
coefficient of air in rubber at the temperature of 315K. Gas constant
value = 287. Solubility of air in rubber tube = 0.075m3 of air/m3 of
rubber tube at one atmosphere (16)
03. (i) Define mass concentration, molar concentration, mass
fraction and mole fraction.(4)

(ii) The diffusivity of CCl4 in air is determined by observing the

steady state evaporation of CCl4 in a tube of 1 cm diameter exposed
to air. The CCl4 liquid level is 10 cm below the top level of the tube.
The system is held at 25C and 1 bar pressure. The saturation
pressure of CCl4 at 25C is 14.76 kPa. If it is observed that the rate
of evaporation of CCl4 is 0.1 kg/hour determine the diffusivity
of CC14 into air. (12)
04. (i) Dry air at 20C (p = 1.2 kg/m3, v = 15 x lQ-6 m2/s, D = 4.2 x
lQ-5 m2/s) flows over a flat plate of length 50 cm which is covered
with a thin layer of water at a velocity of 1 m/s. Estimate the local
mass transfer coefficient at a distance of 10 cm from the leading
edge and the average mass transfer coefficient. (8)
(ii) Discuss the analogy between heat and mass transfer. (8)
05. (i) A mixture of 02 and N2 with their partial pressures in the ratio
0.21 to 0.79 is in a container at 25C. Calculate the molar
concentration, the mass density, the mole fraction and the mass
fraction of each species for a total pressure of 1 bar. What would be
the average molecular weight of the mixture? (8)
(ii) Discuss the analogy between heat and mass transfer. (8)
06. (i) Explain Fick's first and second laws of diffusion. (8)
(ii) Explain the phenomenon of equimolar counter diffusion. Derive
an expression for equimolar counter diffusion between two gases or
liquids. (8)
07. (i) Define the Schmidt ,Sherwood and Lewis numbers. What is
the physical significance of each? (8)
(ii) Dry air at 27C and 1 atm flows over a wet flat plate 50 cm long
at a velocity of 50 mls.Calculate the mass transfer co-efficient of
water vapour in air at the end of the plate. Take the diffusion
coefficient of water vapour in air is DAB = 0.26 X 10-4 m2/s. (8)
08. Discuss briefly the following
(i) Ficks law of diffusion

(4)

(ii) Equimolar counter diffusion

(6)

(iii) Evaporation process in the atmosphere

(6)

09. (i) What are the assumptions made in the I-D transient mass
diffusion problems? (4)
(ii) An open pan, 20 cm diameter and 8 cm deep contains water at
25C and is exposed to dry atmospheric air. Estimate the diffusion
coefficient of water in air, if the rate of diffusion of water is 8.54X
10-4kg/h (12)
10. C02 and air experience equimolar counter diffusion in a circular
tube whose length and diameter are 1m and 50mm respectively.
The system is at a total pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of
25C. The ends of the tube are connected to large chambers in
which the species concentration are maintained at fixed values. The
partial pressure of CO2 at one end is 190mm of Hg while at other
end is 95mm of Hg. Estimate the mass transfer rate of C02 and
air through the tube. The diffusion coefficient for C02 - air
combination is 0.16 x 10 --4 m/s. (16)
11. (i) Define the non dimensional numbers in mass transfer (6)
(ii) Dry air at 27C and 1 atm flows over a wet flat plate 50cm long at
a velocity of 50m/sec. Calculate the mass transfer co-efficient of
water vapour in air at the end of the plate. Take D=O.26x10-4
m2/sec. = 1.1614 kglm3 = 184.6 10-7 Nslm2 Pr = 0.707 (10)
12. Atmospheric air at 40 C flows over a wet bulb thermometer and
it shows 25 C. Calculate the concentration of water vapour in the
free stream and also its relative humidity. Take D (air-water) = 0.256
x 1O-4m2 Is. If temperatures of dry and wet bulb are 30 C and 25
C respectively. What would be the corresponding values? (16)