San Fransisco
San Fransisco
San Fransisco
stormwaterdesignguidelines
II
SAN FRANCISCO
III
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The San Francisco Stormwater Design Guidelines team would like to thank the Phase I cities that have gone before us and have
graciously shared their wisdom, their support, and the many valuable lessons they have learned. We are particularly grateful for the
examples set by the counties of Contra Costa and Santa Clara, California and the Cities of Emeryville, California; Portland, Oregon;
and Seattle, Washington.
PROJECT TEAM
City of San Francisco
David Beaupre
Rosey Jencks
Sarah Minick
John Mundy
Arleen Navarret
Beth Goldstein, PE
Mathew Johnston
Brent Johnson
Leslie Webster
Project Interns
Hayley Diamond
Alicia Omlid
Katie Pilat
Brooke Ray Smith
CONTENTS
E xe c ut ive Su m m a r y
I nt ro duc t ion
R e g u l ator y C onte x t
Sa n Fr a nci sc o C onte x t
22
32
Por t Pl a n A pprova l
The Development Review Process
CEQA
Multi-Parcel Projects
References and Resources
VI
Contents
56
SF PUC Pl a n A pprova l
62
68
74
A ppend ic e s
Contents
VII
Executive Summary
Like many California municipal agencies, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
(SFPUC) and the Port of San Francisco administer Stormwater Management Programs
developed in accordance with the federal Clean Water Act and a State of California
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit.
NPDES permits for stormwater specify a suite of activities that municipalities must
undertake to reduce pollution in stormwater runo. One of these is the development,
implementation, and enforcement of a program to reduce pollutants in stormwater runo
from new development and redevelopment projects. This eort is commonly referred to as
a post-construction stormwater control program.
In February 2007, Port and SFPUC sta initiated a community planning eort to
develop a regulatory guidance document that fullls state and federal requirements for
post-construction stormwater runo control. The San Francisco Stormwater Design
Guidelines (Guidelines) represent the culmination of this eort. The Guidelines describe
an engineering, planning, and regulatory framework for designing new infrastructure in
Executive Summary
a manner that reduces or eliminates pollutants commonly found in urban runo. The
Guidelines are designed to work within the context of existing San Francisco regulations
and policies, and are consistent with the Citys and Ports Building Code and Planning
Code requirements.
The Guidelines are currently directed primarily to San Franciscos separate storm sewer
areas, which include the Port of San Francisco, Hunters Point Shipyard, Mission Bay,
Treasure Island, Candlestick Point, and areas that discharge to inland receiving waters such
as Lake Merced. However, the thresholds presented here and the general strategies described
to achieve compliance also apply to combined sewer areas. While the thresholds and
strategies are the same for both combined and separate sewers, the performance measures
are dierent. For information about requirements in combined sewer areas, see page 62.
Executive Summary
Many future projects in San Francisco will be located in large redevelopment areas and will
include construction of signicant horizontal infrastructure and open space in addition
to subdivided parcels and individual buildings. Master-planned projects, such as Treasure
Island, Hunters Point Shipyard, and the Ports Sea Wall Lot 337, can make use of larger
LID strategies that provide superior treatment, wildlife habitat, recreational amenities, and
other benets that may not be possible with smaller projects. Constructed wetlands and
large-scale rainwater harvesting are just a few examples of LID strategies presented in these
Guidelines that are ideally suited to large projects.
Native plants in bloom in the swales at the Sunset Circle parking lot, an LID feature that
protects the water quality of Lake Merced.
Executive Summary
Introduction
San Franciscos location adjacent to the Pacic Coast and San Francisco Bay, the largest
estuary on the west coast of the United States, gives the City signicant environmental,
social, and economic advantages; it also confers unique responsibilities for water quality
protection upon the City and its citizens.
The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) and the Port of San Francisco
(Port) have partnered to create the San Francisco Stormwater Design Guidelines (Guidelines)
for San Franciscos developers, designers, engineers, and the general public. The Guidelines
are designed to help project applicants implement permanent post-construction stormwater
controls. Water quality regulations under the federal Clean Water Act require such controls
for new and redevelopment projects in areas served by municipal separate storm sewer
systems (MS4s).
While water quality protection is the fundamental driver behind stormwater management,
well-designed stormwater controls oer many ancillary benets. These Guidelines encourage
innovative and multi-purpose design solutions for meeting stormwater requirements in
San Franciscos urban setting. In addition to protecting water quality, well-designed multipurpose solutions will contribute to attractive civic spaces, open spaces, and streetscapes.
They will also protect and enhance wildlife habitat and have the potential to eectively
integrate stormwater management into the redevelopment of historic sites.
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Regulatory Context
The federal Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the foundation for stormwater regulation
across the country. State, regional, and municipal laws and policies under the CWA help to
ensure that San Franciscos stormwater requirements are appropriate to the citys geography,
climate, and development patterns.
Regulatory Context
Note: Map currently undergoing annual review. An updated version will be available in Janurary 2010.
10
Regulatory Context
Project Type
Excluded Projects
Commercial, industrial or
residential development
Parking lots
Requirement
All project sites with an area greater than 5,000 square feet must incorporate postconstruction stormwater controls that meet the performance measures set forth in these
Guidelines, including minimizing the sources of stormwater pollutants (see Source
Controls, beginning on page 75) and treating a specied ow or volume of stormwater
(see Treatment BMPs, beginning on page ).
Regulatory Context
11
diminishing returns:
extraordinary effort yields
little increased benet
treatment to the MEP
Inspection, the Port of San Francisco Planning Division, or the Port Building Department
by January 1, 2010. All new project applications, incomplete project applications, and
amendments received thereafter will be subject to these Guidelines. Table 1 lists the types
of projects that are excluded from the Guidelines.
The RWQCB monitors San Franciscos implementation of General Permit requirements.
The Port and the SFPUC must submit ongoing reports on their respective development
review eorts, the number and type of projects reviewed, and the stormwater control
measures included in the projects. To assess the eectiveness of stormwater control
measures, the Port and SFPUC must dene criteria for compliance. The RWQCB and
the EPA require that stormwater control measures be designed to reduce pollution in
stormwater runo to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP).
increase in effort
yields increased water
quality benet
effort
Figure 2. As the maximum extent practicable (MEP)
standard is approached, additional investment in BMPs
yields reduced benet.
12
Regulatory Context
Treatment to the maximum extent practicable (MEP) can be achieved by applying the
BMPs that are most eective at treating pollutants in stormwater runo. The SWRCB has
said of the MEP standard that there must be a serious attempt to comply, and practical
solutions may not be lightly rejected. The SWRCB also states that if project applicants
implement only a few of the least expensive stormwater BMPs, it is likely that the MEP
standard has not been met. If, on the other hand, a project applicant implements all
applicable and eective BMPs except those shown to be technically infeasible, or those
whose cost would exceed any benet to be derived, then the project applicant would have
achieved treatment to the MEP. As technology and design innovation improve, stormwater
BMPs become more eective. The denition of MEP continually evolves with the eld
to encourage innovation and improved water quality protection. Because of this, some
end-of-pipe strategies such as vortex separators, which were considered to meet the MEP
standard ten years ago, are no longer accepted as such. Similarly, in cases where just one
BMP may have gained project approval in the past, today there are many cases where
multiple BMPs will be required in order to achieve treatment to the MEP.
Pollutants of Concern
Because stormwater runs o of diverse sites, it mobilizes many kinds of pollutants. The
following list summarizes the main categories of pollutants found in stormwater, their
sources, and their environmental consequences.
Gross pollutants mobilized by stormwater include litter, plant debris and oatable
materials. Gross pollutants often harbor other pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides,
and bacteria. They also pose their own environmental impacts; they degrade wildlife
habitat, water quality, the aesthetic quality of waterways, and are a strangling and choking
hazard to wildlife.
Sediment is a common component of stormwater runo that degrades aquatic habitat
and can be detrimental to aquatic life by interfering with photosynthesis, respiration,
growth, reproduction, and oxygen exchange. Construction sites, roadways, rooftops, and
areas with loose topsoil are major sources of sediment. Sediment is a vehicle for many
other pollutants such as trace metals and hydrocarbons. Over half the trace metal load
carried in stormwater is associated with sediment. Because of this, sediment removal
is a good indicator for reduction of a broader range of pollutants. For the purpose of
developing stormwater controls, engineers and designers must consider both coarse and
ne (suspended) sediments.
Oil and grease include a wide range of organic compounds, some of which are derived
from animal and vegetable products, others from petroleum products. Sources of oil and
grease include leaks and breaks in mechanical systems, spills, restaurant waste, waste oil
disposal, and the cleaning and maintenance of vehicles and mechanical equipment.
Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous are typically used as fertilizers for parks and
golf courses and are often found in stormwater runo. They can promote excessive and
accelerated growth of aquatic vegetation, such as algae, resulting in low dissolved oxygen.
Un-ionized ammonia, a form of nitrogen, can be toxic to sh. In San Francisco, nutrients
carried in runo are a signicant concern for enclosed freshwater bodies such as Lake
Merced, more so than they are for the San Francisco Bay and Pacic Ocean.
Stormwater runo transports trash to local water bodies,
where it creates an aesthetic nuisance, harms wildlife, and
pollutes receiving waters.
Regulatory Context
13
14
Regulatory Context
ct D
m pa
I
w
Lo
Interaction will result in a
similar LID feel citywide and
seamless transition between
the waterfront and city
Stormwater
Design Guidelines
Port of SF & SFPUC
Separate Sewer Areas
Better Streets
Plan
Sewer System
Master Plan
Planning Department
SFPUC, DPW & MTA
Streets and Sidewalks
SFPUC
Combined Sewer Areas
Figure 3. LID is the common thread linking a number of major planning eorts currently
underway in San Francisco.
Regulatory Context
15
The Green Building Ordinance is a third initiative that will work in tandem with the
Guidelines. The ordinance expands the scope of green building standards to apply not
only to public buildings but also to private development and redevelopment projects in
San Francisco. The task force was charged with creating building requirements that would
foster environmentally sensitive design and sustainability in new development projects. As
a part of this eort, SFPUC and Port sta developed stormwater management performance
standards for new and redevelopment projects over 5,000 square feet. The Ordinance
references the Guidelines and provides the regulatory authority to implement stormwater
management requirements in combined sewer areas.
similar areas having rainwater drains shall discharge directly into a building drain
or sewer, or to an approved alternate location based on approved geotechnical and
engineering designs.
Building Code, Section 1506.1: All storm or casual water from roof areas which
total more than 200 square feet shall drain or be conveyed directly to the building
drain or storm drain or to an approved alternate location based on approved geotechnical and engineering design. Such drainage shall not be directed to flow onto
adjacent property or over public sidewalks. Building projections not exceeding 12
inches in width are exempt from drainage requirements without area limitations.
A cistern at Mills College in Oakland, CA is a stormwater
BMP and a design element. Photo: Ingrid Severson
16
Regulatory Context
An interior roof drain discharges to a vegetated swale in Emeryville, CA. This properly
designed and permitted stormwater facility is an example of an approved alternate location
for stormwater discharge.
Regulatory Context
17
Regulatory Context
Name/Title
Administered By
Summary
Requires municipalities to develop programs to control runoff pollution from both new and
redevelopment projects. The Guidelines provide standards and guidance to implement the
requirements of the Phase II Municipal General Permit.
RWQCB
Requires facilities subject to the requirements of the Industrial Permit to implement BMPs to
prevent or reduce pollution in stormwater runoff. Newly constructed industrial facilities over
5,000 square feet must implement post-construction controls per requirements of the
Guidelines .
RWQCB
The RWQCB must certify that construction projects taking place in or over federal and state
water bodies do not negatively impact water quality. The Guidelines will help project
proponents comply with post-construction stormwater control requirements often included as
conditions of 401 certification.
RWQCB
San Francisco Bay and other water bodies are impaired by pollutants such as mercury and
PCBs. TMDLs require pollutant sources to reduce levels of pollutant loading associated with
water quality impairment. Stormwater treatment control selection should consider TMDL
pollutant removal.
In order to qualify for Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits, construction within designated Historic
Districts must avoid or minimize changes that would adversely affect an historic resource's
character defining features. Stormwater management measures selected for a given project
must comply with these standards as applicable.
The ADA establishes requirements for accessibility to places of public accommodation and
commercial facilities by individuals with disabilities. Stormwater management measures
described in the Guidelines must accommodate ADA requirements, including curb ramp
standards promulgated through SFDPW Order No. 175,387. Treatment controls located in the
public right-of-way must comply with ADA architectural guidelines.
A process to review new and redevelopment projects for potential impacts to the environment
and, as necessary, propose mitigation measures to substantially lessen the project's significant
environmental effects. The Guidelines include measures that will substantially reduce water
quality and hydrological impacts associated with new and redevelopment projects.
RWQCB
Designates the beneficial uses and water quality objectives designed to protect those beneficial
uses for state waters in the San Francisco Bay Region. Stormwater management measures
described in the Guidelines promote restoration and maintenance of beneficial uses for waters
in and around San Francisco.
Policies that guide BCDC regulation within 100 feet of the shoreline edge, including most of the
Port's piers. Policies are geared to limiting Bay fill, protecting water quality, and encouraging
maximum feasible public access that does not impact commercial maritime activities.
Wherever practical projects should retain or restore native vegetation buffer zones, rather than
hardscape shoreline development. Applicable to waterfront development within 100' of the
shoreline. Stormwater management measures described in the Guidelines are consistent with
BCDC policy goals.
FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS
STATE REQUIREMENTS
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS
18
Regulatory Context
Name/Title
Administered By
Summary
SFDPW-BSM permits and approves all work in the public right-of-way, streets and sidewalks
(including paper streets). Permits tree-lawns and planting strips. Permits sidewalk, curb and
gutter, pavement, or any other facilities in the public right-of-way improvements. Stormwater
management measures described in the Guidelines must satisfy Public Works Code
requirements for design and construction within the public right-of-way.
San Francisco Department of Public Works - Bureau of Engineering provides technical review
on behalf on the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC), and designs and
contracts sewer improvements. Stormwater management measures described in the
Guidelines must comply with engineering standards administered by San Francisco Department
of Public Works - Bureau of Hydraulics.
Mayor's Office of Greening, San Francisco Guides design and construction within the public right-of -way and streets. Stormwater
Planning Department, DPW, Municipal
management measures proposed in the Guidelines are consistent with those considered in the
Transportation Agency, and the SFPUC
Better Streets Plan . For design standards applicable to stormwater, the Guidelines will take
precedence.
Waterfront Land Use Plan - Waterfront Design and Access Port of San Francisco
Element
Guides the physical form of the waterfront revitalization envisioned in the Port Waterfront Land
Use Plan; provides guidance on public access and waterfront accessibility, planting (both the
presence and type of vegetation), protection and preservation of historic resources; and defines
distinct geographic areas wherein specific design criteria apply.
Recycled water must be treated to Title 22 standards, which differ according to the proposed
use of the water.
Rain barrels less than 100 gallons may be installed without a permit if they are used for
irrigation and not connected to indoor or outdoor plumbing. Permits must be obtained from DBI
for rainwater harvesting systems over 100 gallons that are connected to indoor or outdoor
plumbing and are used for irrigation or toilet flushing. Rainwater harvesting systems for indoor
uses other than toilet flushing must obtain permits from DBI and DPH.
Greywater Policy
Untreated greywater may be used for subsurface irrigation. For all other uses, greywater must
be treated to Title 22 standards, which differ according to the proposed use of the water.
DBI
The Plumbing Inspection Division (PID) of DBI is responsible for assuring, through permitting
and inspection, the proper functioning for installations of drainage, water, gas, and other
mechanical systems covered in the Plumbing and Mechanical Codes. These inspections are
carried out in buildings that are newly constructed, remodeled, or repaired. Stormwater
management measures must be implemented in a manner that satisfies DBI requirements.
Exterior alterations to San Francisco properties that are designated local landmarks will be
reviewed for consistency with requirements set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards
for the Treatment of Historic Properties. Stormwater management measures described in the
Guidelines must comply with Article 10 and the Secretary Standards.
DPH
The Maher Ordinance regulates construction and post-construction activities for properties
constructed on fill materials adjacent to the historic Bay shoreline. Much of the waterfront and
other areas in San Francisco are subject to the Maher Ordinance. Soil and groundwater in
areas of the San Francisco Waterfront subject to the Maher Ordinance may contain pollutants
that preclude the use of stormwater treatment controls using infiltration.
Regulatory Context
19
20
Regulatory Context
Regulatory Context
21
Before San Francisco developed into the thriving city it is today, it consisted of a diverse
range of habitats including oak woodlands, native grasslands, riparian areas, wetlands,
and sand dunes. Streams and lakes conveyed and captured rainwater. Wetlands lined
the Bay and functioned as natural ltering systems and as buers from major storms.
Rainwater inltrated into the soil, replenishing groundwater supplies and contributing to
stream base ow.
23
Environment
San Francisco is roughly divided into two major
drainages: the eastern and western basins (see Figure 4).
These are comprised of eight major sub-basins containing
diverse urban neighborhoods with a range of residential,
commercial, and industrial land uses, open spaces, and
natural areas. Each sub-basin is underlain with unique
topography, hydrology, soils, vegetation and water
resources that create opportunities and challenges for
drainage and stormwater management.
NORTH SHORE
RICHMOND
CHANNEL
SUNSET
ISLAIS CREEK
YOSEMITE
LAKE MERCED
SUNNYDALE
Figure 4. San Franciscos topography divides the Westside Basins from the Eastside Basins.
5
4
3
Inches
2
1
0
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
24
25
26
The most eective application of LID is a comprehensive approach that includes site design,
source controls, and treatment controls. Careful site design can minimize the impacts of
stormwater runo from the outset. The more that stormwater management is integrated
into the design process, the easier it is to create a successful and multi-purpose stormwater
management strategy for a given site. The following pages list a set of goals to guide site
design.
Mint Plaza, San Francisco, CA is an example of how LID can be integrated into an ultra-urban setting. The design includes rain gardens, permeable paving,
and a subsurface inltration gallery.
27
28
7. Design the flow path of stormwater on a site all the way from first contact to
discharge point.
It is important to delineate the path of travel of stormwater from its rst surface contact (where it
changes from rain to stormwater runo) to its nal discharge point after treatment. All BMPs must
have an approved overow discharge location for storm ows that exceed the design criteria and in
case of clogging.
29
The Ekostaden residential development in Malmo, Sweden, channels all stormwater runo
through BMP treatment features such as bioswales, ponds, and wetlands as shown here.
Photo: Brooke Ray Smith
30
31
Multi-Purpose Design
Low Impact Design can be integrated into the site design process in a way that protects
water quality, contributes to the quality of the site design, and meets the stormwater
performance measures required by the Port and SFPUC.
Multi-Purpose Design
33
area; a vegetated roof that reduces stormwater discharge can also be a gathering area. At
Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, Germany, stormwater management strategies include rainwater
harvesting for non-potable uses such as toilet ushing and re safety, vegetated treatment
modules, and water features. Stormwater management forms the centerpiece of this major
civic space.
LID can also contribute to San Franciscos urban ecosystem by enhancing existing wildlife
habitats and creating new ones. San Franciscos trees are concentrated in its parks, not on
its streets; the city has roughly 40% fewer street trees per mile than the national average
and many of its tree lawns and tree wells have been paved over. Expanding the Citys urban
forest with careful attention to species selection would simultaneously address stormwater
issues, increase wildlife habitat, improve air quality, and create a network of green corridors
that would contribute to the aesthetics and health of the Citys neighborhoods. Habitat
can also be created by implementing stormwater BMPs on the roofs and walls of buildings.
In London, England, and Basel, Switzerland, vegetated roofs are being used to provide
patches of foraging, breeding, and nesting habitat for endangered wildlife. See Appendix
D for a vegetation palette listing climate appropriate plants and their habitat value.
Rain gardens and a creek daylighting project are the
centerpieces of open space adjacent to the Headwaters
development in Portland, OR.
34
Multi-Purpose Design
Integrating LID into the streetscape yields a more attractive pedestrian realm through the
inclusion of vegetated curb extensions, sidewalk planters, street trees, pervious surfaces, and
other stormwater BMPs that add attractive, pedestrian-scale details. These elements can
simultaneously achieve stormwater management goals and improve streets for pedestrians
and local residents by encouraging walking, reducing noise, and calming trac. They
can improve neighborhood aesthetics, safety, quality of life, and even property values. In
Vancouver, B.C., Canada, a stormwater management project on Crown Street eliminated
curbs, added clustered parking, and designed inltration areas underneath the parking.
The narrow street and clustered parking allows more space to be dedicated to bioltration
areas and plantings, which create a lush and pleasant streetscape.
Stormwater is also a valuable water resource. Using stormwater on-site rather than
releasing it downstream decreases demand for potable water and can protect receiving
waters by reducing runo rates, volumes, and pollutant loads. Rain barrels and cisterns
collect stormwater and store it for later use in irrigation and toilet ushing, uses that
unnecessarily burden potable water supplies. Stormwater can even contribute to future
potable water supplies, by recharging underground aquifers. In Cambria, California, a
two-million gallon cistern beneath an athletic eld harvests rainwater from the Cambria
Elementary School site. The water is sucient for yearround irrigation of the multiple athletic elds.
LID can also be a useful tool for environmental
education when it is integrated into school curricula,
public outreach, or interpretive signs. LID concepts can
be presented at many dierent levels of complexity, from
an introduction to watersheds to an explanation of the
hydrologic cycle and environmental stewardship. LID
concepts touch upon numerous disciplines, including
biology, ecology, watershed planning, engineering, design,
and resource management. The Eco-Center at Herons
Head Park in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood
is an environmental education center for local students of
all ages. Educational programs at the Eco-Center focus
on habitat conservation and community stewardship.
A collaboration between Literacy for Environmental
Justice, the Port of San Francisco, and the San Francisco
Department of the Environment, the Eco-Center includes
a vegetated roof, rainwater harvesting, photovoltaic panels,
solar hot water generation, native planting, and other
LID features. At the time of writing these Guidelines, this
project was under construction.
Lastly, LID can help the design and development
community achieve environmental performance
measures, which aim to minimize the environmental
impacts of development and provide high quality, healthy
environments. In San Francisco, both Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), a green
building rating system developed by the U.S. Green
Building Council, and the GreenPoint Rated system, a
rating system developed by the non-prot Build It Green,
are being used to assess the environmental quality of
site and building design. In both systems, stormwater
management facilities can earn points toward certication.
Environmental Justice
Over the past decade, increased attention has been given to the disproportionate impact
of environmental pollution on socio-economically disadvantaged communities. The
USEPA denes environmental justice as the fair treatment of people of all races,
cultures and income, regarding the development of environmental laws, regulations and
policies. This issue is of concern in many areas of San Francisco, and in particular the
Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood, former home to Hunters Point Shipyard, the
only federal Superfund site in San Francisco.
The Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood contains over 100 browneld sites.
The residents of the primarily African-American neighborhood have borne the
environmental and health impacts of these browneld sites. The Guidelines proposes
LID measures that can eectively manage stormwater runo at the Shipyard and other
areas of Bayview-Hunters Point, while at the same time improving the quality and
safety of neighborhoods by providing attractive landscape features, trac calming
measures, and a safer pedestrian realm.
A vegetated roof and other LID features at the Eco-Center at Herons Head Park help
illustrate sustainable design practices to students in San Franciscos Bayview-Hunters Point
neighborhood.
Multi-Purpose Design
35
LEED Category
Sustainable
Sites
Water
Efficiency
Credits
SS6.1
SS6.2
SS5.1
SS5.2
SS7.1
SS7.2
WE1.1
WE1.2
WE2
WE3.1
WE3.1
Points
Stormwater quantity control
Stormwater quality control
Protect or restore habitat
Maximize open space
Urban heat island effect - non-roof
Urban heat island effect roof
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
The Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park is targeting LEED Platinum certication and includes a 2.5 acre vegetated roof.
Photo: Rana Creek - Living Architecture
36
Multi-Purpose Design
GreenPoint
Checklist
Multifamily
Points
(Category)
Feature
A.3.a.
A.7.c.
1 (Community)
1 (Water)
A.7.d.i.
1 (Water)
1 (Water)
1 (Water)
1 (Water)
1 (Water)
1 (Community)
D.14.b.
4 (Water)
F.2.a.
1 (Energy)
F.2.b.
1 (Energy)
1(Water)
A.7.f.
A.9.
C.12.a.
Total points:
Single Family
1(Community)
1(Water)
17
1 (Community)
1 (Water)
1 (Water)
A.1.a.
A.1.b.
C.1.a.
C.1.c.
1 (Water)
3 (Water)
C.4.
C.5.
3 (Water)
2 (Water)
C.6.a.
2 (Water)
C.6.b.
C.7.
3 (Water)
3 (Water)
C.8.
Total points:
2 (Water)
22
Multi-Purpose Design
37
38
Multi-Purpose Design
A creek daylighting project in Zurich, Switzerland protects and improves water quality, by keeping it out of the sewer, and transforms the streetscape.
Multi-Purpose Design
39
3
1
1
2
5
6
2
8
7
40
Multi-Purpose Design
5
4
7
High-density Residential
Multi-Purpose Design
41
1
4
4
5
7
42
Multi-Purpose Design
Inltration Trench
Permeable Paving
Low-density Residential
Multi-Purpose Design
43
5
2
6
3
8
6
44
Multi-Purpose Design
Dry Well
Mixed Use
Multi-Purpose Design
45
2
4
1
5
46
Multi-Purpose Design
Industrial
Multi-Purpose Design
47
5
5
48
Multi-Purpose Design
Street Drains to Wetland via Swirl Separator; Trash Area Drains to Sewer via Swirl Separator
Open Space
Multi-Purpose Design
49
4
6
3
2
7
5
50
Multi-Purpose Design
Detention Pond
* See the Emerging Technologies factsheet in Appendix C for more about vegetated pontoons.
Multi-Purpose Design
51
5
3
52
Multi-Purpose Design
Former Shipyards
Multi-Purpose Design
53
54
Multi-Purpose Design
Multi-Purpose Design
55
Port Requirement
All qualifying projects in the separate storm
sewer area that disturb 5,000 square feet or
more of the ground plane are required to
capture and treat rainfall from a 0.2-inch per
hour event or eighty percent or more of the
annual stormwater runo volume, determined
from unit basin storage volume curves for
San Francisco. Disturbed area includes
any movement of earth, or a change in the
existing soil cover or the existing topography.
Land disturbing activities include, but are
not limited to, clearing, grading, filling,
excavation, or addition or replacement of
impervious surface.
57
Pre-application
meeting
Submit
Planning Permit
Application
Develop
Stormwater Control
Plan
Application
Deemed
Complete
CEQA
Determination
Operations and
Maintenance Plans for
Stormwater BMPs
Conditions of
Approval
Port or Planning
Commission Approvals
Detailed
Design
CEQA
Most projects subject to the requirements of these Guidelines will also require some level of
CEQA review. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) environmental review
imposes both procedural and substantive requirements for environmental protection.
CEQA requires local jurisdictions to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts
of their actions, including zoning decisions and discretionary land-use approvals. The
CEQA process provides decision-makers and members of the public with information
about potentially adverse environmental impacts and requires implementation of feasible
alternatives and mitigation measures in order to reduce those impacts.
CEQA is intended to minimize the environmental impacts of development activities,
which is consistent with the objectives of these Guidelines. The basic purposes of CEQA
are to:
Inform decision-makers and the public about the potential significant environmen-
Plan Check
Construction
Permit
58
59
60
Multi-Parcel Projects
While compliance with the Guidelines is required for all new and redevelopment projects
greater than 5,000 square feet, master-planned and multi-parcel projects oer the greatest
opportunity for regional LID elements (i.e., stormwater facilities serving more than
one parcel) such as treatment wetlands, water features, and wet ponds. The Port and
SFPUC will work with project applicants who are proposing large projects to develop a
comprehensive Stormwater Control Plan (SCP) that integrates stormwater management
approaches across multiple parcels.
Requirements for a comprehensive SCP and associated Operations and Maintenance Plan
will follow the methodology for preparation of an SCP, as discussed in later sections of the
Guidelines. During CEQA review for large projects, greater emphasis will be placed on the
relationship between overall stormwater infrastructure development and the development
of specic parcels. Please contact Port sta to initiate this process.
61
SFPUC Requirement
Developments or redevelopments disturbing
5,000 square feet or more of the ground
surface are required to manage stormwater
on-site. Land disturbing activities include, but
are not limited to, clearing, grading, filling,
excavation, or addition or replacement of
impervious surface.
This performance measure is equivalent to LEED Sustainable Sites Credit 6.2 titled
Stormwater Design: Quality Control. The rainfall depth of 0.75 inch is the LEED-based
performance measure for semi-arid watersheds.
In combined sewer areas under SFPUC jurisdiction, applicants will be required to reduce
the flow rate and volume of stormwater going into the combined system by achieving
LEED Sustainable Sites Credit 6.1 titled Stormwater Design: Quantity Control.
The SCP requirement will allow the SFPUC, the Department of Building Inspection
(DBI), and the Planning Department to verify compliance with stormwater requirements.
The Guidelines chapter entitled, The Stormwater Control Plan, describes the required
contents of a SCP and also provides sizing instructions for stormwater treatment BMPs to
comply with this requirement. A SCP template is provided in Appendix C.
63
64
Projects that
enter via Planning
Pre-application
meeting
(Planning gives applicant
stormwater management
requirements)
Planning intake
(Planning directs applicant
to submit SCP to SFPUC)
Projects that
enter via DBI
File Building Permit
Application with DBI
(include complete LEED
checklist if subject to GBO with
intent to achieve
credit 6.1 or 6.2)
Planning sets of
conditions of approval
CEQA clearance
Issue site or
full permit
Planning review
Require addendum
plans
SFPUC provides
detailed BMP design
review and certifies
compliance
Record Maintenance
Agreement (NSR)
Figure 17. The Stormwater Control Plan submittal and approval process
65
66
The Western Harbor, located in Malmo, Sweden, conveys and treats stormwater by implementing both parcel and block-scale surface systems that direct runo
to vegetation and ponds, which double as amenities throughout the neighborhood. Habitat value is enhanced through the use of various vegetation types.
Photo: Andres Power
67
The SFPUC and the Port require periodic inspections to ensure that BMPs are properly
maintained and continue to provide eective stormwater treatment.
Once stormwater management facilities are incorporated into new development and
redevelopment projects, the SFPUC and Port require periodic inspections to ensure that they
are properly maintained and continue to provide eective stormwater treatment. There are
three types of inspections under this operation and maintenance verication program: postconstruction building permit inspections, annual self-certication inspections conducted
by the property owner, and tri-annual inspections conducted by the Port or the SFPUC,
depending on who has jurisdiction on the site. The Port and the SFPUC will also inspect
BMPs in response to complaints or emergencies. If maintenance requirements identied
through inspections are not completed in accordance with the protocols described in this
chapter, the SFPUC or the Port will enact enforcement procedures.
69
Inspections
Post-construction inspections
The Port or the SFPUC will inspect stormwater BMPs
upon completion of construction. These inspections will
be based on a standardized inspection checklist. Inspection
sta will conrm that stormwater facilities are built in
conformance with approved plans.
Start: Construction
completed
SFPUC / Port
post-construction
inspection
If problems:
SFPUC / Port
issues notice to
owner stating what
needs to be
corrected and
deadline
End: No problems,
SFPUC / Port
approves
Owner corrects,
notifies SFPUC /
Port to schedule
follow-up
inspection
SFPUC / Port
follow-up
inspection
Problems not
corrected by
deadline
Enforcement (see
Enforcement flow
chart) +
No Certificate of
Occupancy until
BMPs completed
70
LEGEND
Property
owner action
Port / SFPUC
action
End: Problems
corrected,
SFPUC / Port
approves
Annual self-certification
Once BMPs are successfully built, the Port or the SFPUC
will send self-certication inspection reminders to
property owners at all sites with stormwater BMPs. The
reminder will include a submittal deadline and a blank selfcertication checklist. The property owner will perform
the self-certication inspection and digitally submit the
completed checklist and maintenance logs from that year
to the SFPUC Collection System Division or to the Port.
With this submittal, the property owner will propose
either approval or maintenance they will perform if there
are outstanding issues that have not been resolved by the
submittal date. The Port or the SFPUC will either approve
the submittal and renew the certicate of compliance or
contact the property owner to schedule an inspection.
No SCI documents
submitted by
deadline
Owner conducts
annual SCI
Port / SFPUC
issues notice that
SCI deadline has
passed; contacts
owner to schedule
agency inspection;
Issues fine to
cover inspection
costs + penalty
Owner submits
SCI checklist and
maintenance logs
to Port / SFPUC.
Proposes approval
or correction and
agency inspection
LEGEND
Port / SFPUC
reviews
End: No problems,
Port / SFPUC
approves
Correction
proposed or no
SCI documents:
Port / SFPUC
inspection
End: No problems,
Port / SFPUC
approves
Problems not
corrected
Property
owner action
Port / SFPUC
action
Enforcement (see
Enforcement flow
chart)
71
SFPUC / Port
inspection, owner
present and
provides
maintenance logs
End: No problems,
SFPUC / Port
approves
If problems:
SFPUC / Port
issues notice to
owner stating what
needs to be
corrected and
deadline
Owner corrects,
notifies SFPUC /
Port to schedule
follow-up
inspection
Problems not
corrected by
deadline
Enforcement (see
Enforcement flow
chart)
Follow-up
SFPUC / Port
inspection
LEGEND
Property
owner action
Port / SFPUC
action
72
End: Problems
corrected,
SFPUC / Port
approves
Enforcement
For all three types of inspections, if the property owner is
unresponsive or if maintenance issues are not rectied by
prescribed deadlines, the Port or the SFPUC will carry out
an enforcement action. If an enforcement action becomes
necessary, the Port or the SFPUC will issue a warning with
a 15-day deadline for the property owner to take corrective
action and schedule a follow-up inspection. The warning
will include a fee to cover the cost of the inspection plus
a penalty. If the inspection indicates that maintenance
issues requiring follow-up action have been rectied, the
annual certicate of compliance will be renewed. If there
are outstanding issues requiring maintenance action or if
the owner is unresponsive, the Port or the SFPUC will
issue a notice of violation stating that the property owner
will be ned. Fines will be levied based upon Article 4.1
of the San Francisco Public Works Code.
If the issues have not been rectied by the end of 25
days, the Port or the SFPUC will perform the required
maintenance and will bill the owner for the ne plus the
cost of the work. If the owner does not pay the ne and
the bill within 30 days, the Port or the SFPUC have the
option to initiate lien proceedings against the property.
A diagram showing the enforcement process is shown in
Figure 21.
Port / SFPUC
issues warning
and final deadline
Owner corrects,
notifies Port /
SFPUC to
schedule follow-up
inspection
Port / SFPUC
follow-up
inspection
End: Problems
corrected, Port /
SFPUC approves
Problems not
corrected by final
deadline
Port / SFPUC
issues notice of
violation and fine
If problems not
corrected, Port /
SFPUC corrects
problems
Port / SFPUC
sends owner bill
for correction work
Property
owner action
Port / SFPUC
action
73
The Stormwater
Control Plan
The Port and SFPUC require submittal of a Stormwater Control Plan (SCP) with every
development application for discretionary planning approval in San Francisco for all
projects disturbing 5,000 square feet or more of the ground plane.
The Port and SFPUC require the submission of a Stormwater Control Plan (SCP). The SCP will allow the
Port, the SFPUC, and the Planning Department to review projects that are subject to the Guidelines and ensure
compliance with them. SCPs must be reviewed and stamped by a California licensed landscape architect, architect,
or engineer.
Project applicants must complete each of the following elements in their SCPs to be eligible for project approval:
1. Characterize existing site conditions
Requirement
The Stormwater
Control Plan (SCP)
must be reviewed and
stamped by a licensed
landscape architect,
architect, or engineer.
75
Step 1
Characterize existing conditions
The stormwater management approach available to a given
site is largely dictated by existing site conditions. Soil types,
topography and drainage, vegetation types, wildlife habitat,
proximity to receiving waters, existing structures, adjacent land
uses, and historical and cultural features are all factors that
project proponents should consider prior to initiating design of
stormwater BMPs. A comprehensive checklist of site conditions
that should be evaluated during the site analysis phase can be
found in the SCP (Appendix C).
Jurisdictional concerns can inuence a site as much as physical
conditions. For example, parcels within 100 feet of the San
Francisco Bay shoreline are subject to San Francisco Bay
Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) policies
governing public access, circulation, and landscaping. Alterations
to structures along most of the San Francisco Northern
Waterfront are subject to the requirements of a National Historic
Register District. Some properties may have deed restrictions
establishing requirements for the management of residual soil
and groundwater pollution. Port, SFPUC, and City Planning
sta will work with project applicants to identify jurisdictional
issues that are relevant to the site.
Characterizing existing conditions helps to dene the
opportunities and constraints that will shape the site design.
Opportunities include existing drainage patterns and vegetation,
oddly congured or otherwise unbuildable parcels, easements,
and landscape amenities, including open spaces that can serve
as locations for BMPs. Dierences in elevation across the site
76
Step 2
Identify design and development goals
Every project applicant will begin the design process with a set
of goals that will impact stormwater management requirements
for the site. The program, density, and intensity of land use on
a site present both opportunities and constraints for stormwater
management. A project applicant intending to build a mixed-use
development with high-density housing in the Bayview-Hunters
Point neighborhood will approach the design process dierently
from a project applicant seeking to develop an industrial facility
on a waterfront pier. The former might use stormwater to dene
the character of the public realm and create water features in
community open spaces. The latter might use stormwater in
cooling towers and wash-down areas to oset potable water use.
77
Step 3
Develop a site plan
Using the evaluation of existing conditions, along with the
design and development goals, project applicants can begin to
see how their project will integrate with or alter the hydrology
of the site. The site plan should delineate the proposed land uses
and major post-development drainage basins and should show,
at the conceptual level, how water will move across the site.
Step 4
Develop a site design
Page 28 of this document introduced seven goals to guide the
integration of stormwater management into site design. This
section identies strategies to achieve each goal.
78
Goal 2: Preserve natural drainage patterns and topography and incorporate them into site design.
Daylight historic watercourses and make them a central
79
Drain runoff from impervious areas to pervious areas. In cases where infiltration is
not appropriate, landscape features can serve as treatment and conveyance structures and can be fitted with an underdrain to allow for discharge to the municipal
storm sewer system or receiving waters.
Goal 4: Design the flow path of stormwater on a site all the way from the
first contact to the discharge point.
Identify the location where stormwater will first enter a site. For example, the first
point of contact is often a roof. How will the water travel from the roof to a BMP?
In the event that the BMP overflows, where will it discharge?
Identify an approved discharge location (downstream conveyance system, another BMP
or receiving water body) to accommodate flows beyond the capacity of each BMP.
Design and clearly identify an overflow conveyance system to accommodate flows
beyond the BMPs treatment capacity and up to a 100-year storm. All BMPs must
have an approved discharge location.
80
Identify pollutants of concern and their sources early in the design process and
train. This strategy ensures higher levels of treatment and reduces the required size
of each BMP in the treatment train.
Pretreatment BMPs, such as sediment forebays, help reduce maintenance costs and
improve the overall performance of stormwater BMPs.
Step 5
Select and locate source controls
Everyday activities such as recycling, trash disposal, and vehicle
and equipment washing generate pollutants such as trash,
sediments, oil and grease, nutrients, pesticides, and metals
that can be mobilized by stormwater runo and carried to
receiving waters. These pollutants can be minimized by applying
source control BMPs. Source control BMPs prevent pollutant
generation and discharge by controlling pollution at its source,
or, at a minimum, limiting pollutant exposure to stormwater.
Source control BMPs include both structural features and
operational practices. Typical structural source control BMPs
involve covering, berming, or hydraulically isolating a potential
pollutant source area.
Operational source control measures include routine pavement
sweeping and substituting traditional materials with those that
are less toxic; for example, replacing traditional anodized chain
link fencing with vinyl coated fencing.
Specic requirements for land uses and activities that will need to
implement source control measures are found in Attachment 4
of the Phase II General Permit (http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/
water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/final_attachment4.
pdf ). The Fact Sheets (Appendix A) include a list of resources
for source control measures. Form A of the SCP (Appendix C)
guides the project proponent through the source control BMP
selection process.
81
Hydraulic Isolation
Hydraulic isolation is the practice of separating one drainage area from surrounding areas
such that uids cannot pass between them. This can be done using grading or constructed
barriers. Hydraulic isolation allows designers to treat runo and waste from the isolated
area according to the specic pollutants found there. In some cases, hydraulically isolated
areas can be connected to the sanitary sewer system rather than the storm sewer system.
Vehicle wash racks and trash compactor areas are examples of areas that can be hydraulically
isolated to protect surrounding areas from the soap, grease, oil, sediments, trash and other
pollutants associated with those activities.
Parking lots
82
Step 6
Select and Locate Treatment BMPs
Site design and source control make signicant contributions to
eective stormwater management. But achieving treatment to
the MEP also requires the implementation of treatment control
BMPs. The selection of stormwater treatment BMPs is guided
by existing site conditions, design and development goals, and
the pollutants of concern for the site.
The two-step BMP selection process outlined here will help
project applicants to identify a suite of site-specic treatment
BMPs. The rst step is to use the BMP Decision Tree (see Figure
22), to identify BMPs that are suitable for a given site. The
second step is to narrow the list of suitable BMPs to the ones
that target the pollutants of concern that have been identied
for a given site.
83
implementation; or
A subset of BMPs is feasible with conditions.
Permeable pavement can be integrated into a variety of hardscapes such as roads and
sidewalks, plazas, terraces and patios.
84
YES
Estimate demand
YES
NO
NO
Is infiltration feasible?
Is there adequate
depth to groundwater
if underdrained?
NO
NO
Do not use
Infiltration Measures
YES
YES
Include underdrain/liner
YES
Can the site be terraced?
NO
YES
NO
Do not use:
Pervious Pavement
Infiltration Trench/Basin
Wet Pond/Wetlands
Vegetated Swale
Include underdrain/liner
YES
Is the slope 5 - 10%?
NO
Do not use:
Vegetated Swale
Buffer Strips
YES
NO
Include underdrain/liner
85
Metals
Sediments
Trash
Oil
and Grease
Organics
Table 6. Typical pollutants associated with common San Francisco land uses
Nutrients
Treatment Control
Metals
Sediments
Trash
Oil
and Grease
Bacteria
Organics
Nutrients
Infiltration
Dry Well
Infiltration Basin
Infiltration Trench
Permeable Pavement
Detention
Constructed Wetland
Detention Pond
Detention Vault
Wet Pond
Bioretention
Flow-through Planter
Rain Garden
Biofiltration
Retention
Rainwater Harvesting*
Low
Moderate
High
Requires Pre-treatment
*Rainwater Harvesting does not provide stormwater treatment. However, it prevents polluted stormwater from reaching receiving water bodies.
Table 7. BMPs that capture or treat pollutants typically found in stormwater runo.
87
Treatment Trains
A single treatment BMP may not adequately treat the
entire range of pollutants from its contributing watershed,
especially in large developments involving diverse
activities. For example, some treatment BMPs are designed
to remove ne suspended sediment but may not be able to
remove dissolved metals. Because of this, a combination
of several BMPs in succession may be needed to treat all
of the pollutants on a given site.
A combination of BMPs, constructed in a series to target
specic pollutants, is called a treatment train. Treatment
trains not only improve water quality, they also improve
the long-term eciency and reduce the maintenance
requirements for each treatment BMP involved in the
train. Heavy sediments and trash can negatively impact
BMP performance, thus silt traps and sediment forebays
are commonly used as a rst step in the treatment process.
In the same way that pre-rinsing dirty dishes increases the
ecacy and eciency of a dishwasher, removing sediment
prior to inltration of stormwater will improve the longterm capacity of the underlying soils to inltrate water by
preventing sediment from clogging pore spaces that allow
the movement of water through the soil.
Common treatment train congurations include:
Silt trap Swale Wetland
Cistern Rain garden
Retention basin Sand filter
Vegetated strip Infiltration trench
88
89
Step 7
Size Treatment BMPs
After selecting a suite of treatment BMPs that are appropriate for
the site conditions and target the pollutants of concern, project
applicants will need to size these BMPs to achieve the required
stormwater performance standards. This section explains how
to size treatment BMPs, but project applicants can also use the
automated electronic sizing spreadsheets provided in Appendix
B, which can also be found on the SFPUC and Port websites
at www.sfwater.org and www.sfport.com. While the Port and
SFPUC do not require the use of the sizing spreadsheets for BMP
design, project applicants must complete Table 1 of the electronic
sizing spreadsheet in Appendix B to document drainage parcels
and design ow rates and volumes. This information is required
in the SCP.
The performance measures discussed in this section aim to
protect the water quality of receiving water bodies. They meet
all regulatory requirements and are the foundation of the BMP
sizing spreadsheet. For information about how the performance
measures were developed, please see the resources at the end of
this section.
90
A rain garden at Glencoe Elementary in Portland, Oregon reduces stormwater ows to Portlands collection system.
91
Flow-based
Infiltration
Port Requirements
Treatment Control
Volume-based
Dry Well
Infiltration Basin
Infiltration Trench
Permeable Pavement
Detention
Constructed Wetland
Detention Pond
Detention Vault
Wet Pond
Bioretention
Flow-through Planter
Rain Garden
Biofiltration
Retention
Rainwater Harvesting
Performance measure (a) should be used for sizing owbased BMPs, such as vegetated swales or ow-through
planters. These are BMPs whose primary mode of pollutant
removal depends on the ow rate of runo through
the BMP. Performance measure (b) should be used for
sizing volume-based BMPs, such as inltration basins or
detention basins. These are BMPs whose primary mode of
Requirement
The Ports stormwater performance measures for
areas served by separate storm sewers require the
capture and treatment of:
(a) The ow of stormwater runo resulting from
a rain event equal to at least 0.2 inch per hour
intensity; or
(b) Eighty percent or more of the annual stormwater
runo volume determined from design rainfall
capture curves for San Francisco. The maximum
drawn-down time for stormwater captured during a
rain event is 48 hours.
92
pollutant removal depends on the volumetric capacity of the BMP. These performance
measures are adapted from the General Permit.
Project applicants should determine which sizing criteria apply to each BMP and size the
facility accordingly. Many BMPs can be designed to attain both ow-based and volumebased stormwater management goals, but they are most often categorized as one or the
other (see Table 8).
Flow-Based Sizing
The Rational Method: Q=CiA
Where:
Q = ow in ft3/second
C = composite runo coecient
(composite C-factor)
Flow-based Sizing
The recommended method for hydraulically sizing ow-based treatment BMPs is the
Uniform Intensity Approach and is used in conjunction with the Rational Method for
estimating stormwater ows. It is also described in the CASQA 2003 Stormwater Best
Management Practice Handbook New Development and Redevelopment. Automated
electronic sizing spreadsheets can be found at www.sfwater.org and www.sfport.com, and
are described in Appendix B. The Rational Method is used as follows:
1. Identify each drainage management area on the site. A drainage management area is
a discrete area or subwatershed. The runo from each drainage management area will drain
its own treatment control BMP(s). The steps below should be applied to each drainage
management area.
Typical Range
Recommended
Value
Asphalt
0.7 - 0.95
0.8
Concrete
0.8 - 0.95
0.9
Type of Surface
Brick
0.7 - 0.85
0.8
2. Determine the area in acres (A) of the drainage management area that drains to the
proposed BMP(s).
Roofs
0.75 - 0.9
0.85
Pervious Concrete
0.1 - 0.3
0.2
Pervious Asphalt
0.1 - 0.3
0.2
Paving Stones
0.1 - 0.7
0.4
0.15 - 0.6
0.35
0.05 - 0.1
0.15 - 0.2
0.13 - 0.17
0.25 - 0.35
0.15 - 0.3
0.08
0.17
0.15
0.3
0.2
Crushed Aggregate
0.15 - 0.3
0.25
4. Calculate the Composite C-factor (C), a weighted average of all the C-factors for all
the surfaces in the drainage management area. Multiply each C-factor by the area of the
surface it applies to. Add the results and divide by the total site area.
93
100
90
80
70
60
% Capture
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Figure 23. Composite runo coecients and unit basin storage volume for 80 percent capture with 48-hour drawdown
94
1.2
1.4
5. Use a design rainfall intensity (i) of 0.2 inch per hour. This intensity represents twice
the 85th percentile hourly depth, which can be derived by ranking the hourly depth of
rainfall from storms over the period of record. The General Permit species that, for water
quality protection, the design rainfall intensity be equal to or greater than twice the 85th
percentile hourly depth.
Volume-Based Sizing
BMP Capture Volume =
BMP Drainage Area x Unit Basin Storage Volume
Where:
Q = CiA yields the design ow rate (Q), in cubic feet per second, that a BMP must
accommodate to meet the performance measures. For more information on sizing owbased treatment BMPs, see the Fact Sheets in Appendix A and the sizing spreadsheets in
Appendix B.
Volume-based Sizing
The recommended method for hydraulically sizing volume-based stormwater treatment
BMPs is based upon a goal of 80% annual stormwater volume capture within a 48-hour
draw-down period. This method is further described in CASQAs 2003 Stormwater Best
Management Practice Handbook New Development and Redevelopment, which is
available at www.cabmphandbooks.com.
95
5. Calculate the BMP Capture Volume by multiplying the BMP Drainage Management
Area by the Unit Basin Storage Volume. Convert to cubic feet for easy interpretation.
The BMP Capture Volume is the volume needed to meet regulatory standards for
stormwater treatment. This or a larger volume must be used for BMP design. The BMP
Capture Volume must be recorded and submitted in the SCP. The BMP Fact Sheets in
Appendix A and sizing spreadsheets in Appendix B also contain information pertinent to
sizing volume-based treatment BMPs.
SFPUC Requirements
BMP Sizing
V=CAd
Where:
Stormwater performance measures for areas in the separate sewers under the jurisdiction of
the SFPUC require the capture and treatment of rainfall from a 0.75-inch design storm,
which is equivalent to LEED Sustainable Sites Credit 6.2.
V = volume in ft3
To meet the SFPUC performance measure and earn LEED Credit SS6.2, use the following
calculation:
V = CAd, where V = Volume of water in cubic feet, A = size of the drainage management
area in square feet, C = runo coecient, and d = rainfall depth in inches.
1. Determine the area in square feet (A) of the drainage management area, also known
as a subwatershed, that drains to the proposed BMP.
2. Calculate the Composite C-factor (C) for the drainage management area using the
method described in steps 3 and 4 of the ow-based sizing section.
3. Use 0.75 inch as the design rainfall depth (d) for the facility. This design rainfall
depth corresponds to LEED Credit SS6.2 for semi-arid watersheds.
5. Calculate the Volume by multiplying C, A, and d. Divide by 12 to convert to cubic
feet. The maximum allowable draw-down time is 48 hours.
The BMP must capture a volume of water equal to or greater than the volume calculated
using the equation above to meet regulatory standards for stormwater treatment. The
volume that the BMP will capture must be recorded and submitted in the SCP. The
96
Step 8
Check against Design Goals and Modify
if Necessary
After site design, source control, BMP selection, and BMP sizing
are completed, project applicants should review the original
design goals and evaluate whether they have been achieved. If
not, an iterative design process that may include BMP relocation
or resizing can ensure that the project achieves its design and
development goals and complies with stormwater treatment
requirements.
At this stage in the design process, there is a general understanding
of how the runo will move across the site, source control
measures have been identied and located, treatment controls
have been selected based on site conditions and pollutants of
concern, and target water quality volumes and ow rates have
been calculated. The next task is to locate and size the actual
treatment controls. Sizing tools for each treatment control are
97
Step 9
Develop an Operations and
Maintenance Plan
Treatment and control facilities must be regularly maintained
to ensure that they continue to provide eective treatment and
do not harbor mosquitoes, cause ooding, or otherwise create
a nuisance. Improper maintenance is one of the most common
reasons for BMP underperformance and failure.
The General Permit requires that project applicants provide
verication of maintenance provisions through such means
as may be appropriate, including, but not limited to legal
agreements, covenants, CEQA mitigation requirements and/or
Conditional Use Permits. Stormwater facilities installed as part of
new development or redevelopment projects will be incorporated
into both the Ports and SFPUCs operation and maintenance
verication program. An operations and maintenance plan is
a required element of the SCP. To develop an operations and
maintenance program for new facilities, follow these steps:
1. Identify who will own or have operational responsibility for the facility. In the case of Port facilities, operational responsibility will be assigned through lease and
development agreements. In the case of privately owned
facilities regulated by the SFPUC the property owner will
be responsible for operations and maintenance.
98
tration systems. Pretreatment systems can also reduce the velocity of flows entering
the treatment BMP, reducing wear on the BMP and extending its useful life.
Use deeper rooted vegetation in conjunction with infiltration BMPs. Good root
structure helps to maintain soil porosity and reduces the maintenance needs of the
BMP. For a list of recommended vegetation species, see Appendix D.
Whenever possible, select BMPs that do not require slow-release control structures.
Such structures can clog and require periodic inspection and maintenance.
Stormwater facilities that are above-ground are more likely to be visible and therefore receive maintenance.
Regular inspections are required in order to maintain the eectiveness of treatment control
BMPs. Inspection and maintenance activities can be divided into two functions:
99
Step 10
Compile the Stormwater Control Plan
A Stormwater Control Plan (SCP) with exhibits as described in the SCP template
(Appendix C) must be submitted to the Port or SFPUC as part of the planning approval
process. The completed SCP must include the following information:
Information on Project Owner/Developer and Design Team
Project location
Project description
A site plan showing proposed project
Any soils or geotechnical reports necessary to complete stormwater design
Site analysis for locating and sizing BMPs
A site drainage plan showing direction of stormwater flow to the point where it
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Roesner, L.A., Burgess, E.H. and J.A. Aldrich. May 20-22, 1991. The Hydrology of
Urban Runo Water Quality Management, presented at the ASCE Water
Resources Planning and Management Conference, New Orleans.
Seattle Public Utilities. 2008. Stormwater Management Plan. 17 November 2008
< http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Plans/
StormwaterManagementProgram/StormwaterManagementPlan/>.
San Francisco Department of Building Inspection. 2008. Green Building Ordinance.
20 November 2008 <http://www.sfgov.org/site/dbi_index.asp?id=89703>.
State Water Resources Control Board Order Number 2003-0005-DWQ.
17 November 2008 <http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/
stormwater/docs/nal_attachment4.pdf>.
Treadwell and Rollo/Watershed Resources Collaboration Group. April 2002. Southern
Waterfront Stormwater Management Study for Port of San Francisco Southern
Waterfront Pier 70 to Pier 96.
U.S. Green Building Council. 2006. LEED for New Construction Version 2.2.
Washington, DC: U.S. Green Building Council. <http://www.usgbc.org/>.
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Water is the most critical resource issue of our lifetime and our childrens lifetime.
The health of our waters is the principal measure of how we live on the land.
- Luna Leopold