Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Dan Histologi Pankreas Tikus Sprague
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Dan Histologi Pankreas Tikus Sprague
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Dan Histologi Pankreas Tikus Sprague
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that will increase in the future, and most of them occur in
developing countries. In addition, DM also causes many complications. Therefore, the alternative medication is needed to help treatment. One of the substances suspected having hypoglycemic effects is
chitosan. Researcher find that chitosan oligosaccarides (hydrolysis of chitosan) have a dietary fiber
and hypoglycemic effect on the Wistar rat. However, the hypoglycemic effect of chitosan itself is not yet
known. This research was conducted to determine the hypoglycemic effect of chitosan. The aim of this
research was to explore the effect of chitosan on blood glucose level and histology of pancreas in
diabetic Sprague dawley rat induced by alloxan. Fourteen Sprague dawley male rats, aging 2 months,
weighing 141-201 grams were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups. Group I (P1) were given alloxan
80 mg / kg BW i.v until diabetic and then chitosan 500mg/kg BW; group II (P2) were given alloxan and
then metformin 9mg/dose. Both groups were provided with standard diet and drinking water ad libitum.
In day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 blood glucose level was measured. The rats were sacrified after 28 days
treatment then the pancreatic organ taken for the histologic examination. The slide had been made
using paraffin method and smeared by Kromium Hematoxilin Floxin. Slides were analyzed by measuring the islets diameter and the number of pancreatic cell. Result of this research showed that
chitosan decreased blood glucose level every week in DM rats (p <0.05). There was not any significant
difference of blood glucose level between the two groups on the measurement on day 0 and 7 (p> 0.05)
and there was significant differences of blood glucose level between the two groups on the measurement on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0,05). Diameter size and the number of cells in both groups did not
have significant differences (p> 0.05). This research conclude that oral administration of chitosan
500mg/kg BW had similar hypoglycemic effect, even better compared with the metformin 9mg/dose.
Key words: Chitosan, Metformin, Alloxan, Diabetes Mellitus, Sprague Dawley
PENDAHULUAN
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu penyakit atau gangguan
metabolisme kronis dengan multi
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah. (Farida Nur Isnaeni, dkk.)
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132
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah. (Farida Nur Isnaeni, dkk.)
133
134
No
Kelompok Perlakuan
Rerata + SB
K1
p
K2
Awal penelitian
164,28 + 18,65
171,43 + 22,70
0,533
Akhir adaptasi
171,00 + 18,66
177,71 + 21,94
0,551
Setelah injeksi
168,00 + 18,55
175,57 + 22,66
0,507
Akhir penelitian
246,86 + 14,23
252,29 + 22,49
0,599
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah. (Farida Nur Isnaeni, dkk.)
135
Hari ke-
Rerata
p
K2
283,08 + 7,14
280,43 + 3,23
0,397
211,25 + 1,93
214,57 + 3,93
0,067
14
159,78 + 3,16
168,93 + 2,56
0,000*
21
126,10 + 8,74
158,06 + 3,61
0,000*
28
80,61 + 1,65
86,11 + 2,51
0,001*
Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah. (Farida Nur Isnaeni, dkk.)
137
Parameter
Rerata + SB
Chitosan (K1)
Metformin (K2)
Diameter insula
100,02 + 16,36
92,69 + 13,54
0,385
21,43 + 3,60
22 + 5,38
0,710
Stres oksidatif adalah suatu keadaan yang diakibatkan oleh pembentukan berlebihan atau pemersihan
yang tidak sempurna molekul-molekul
yang reaktif seperti reactive oxygen
species (ROS) dan reactive nitrogen species
(RNS). ROS dapat berbentuk radikal
bebas seperti superoksida, hidroksil,
peroksil, dan hidroperoksil, dan yang
berbentuk non-radikal bebas seperti
hidrogen peroksida dan asam hidrokloros (Johansen et al., 2005). Penelitian
Baynes et al. (1997) pada tikus galur
wistar yang dibuat diabetes dengan
aloksan memperlihatkan stres oksidatif
yang tinggi disebabkan karena hiperglikemi yang kronis dan persisten,
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Pengaruh Pemberian Chitosan terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah. (Farida Nur Isnaeni, dkk.)
139
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