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    Signalling Issues in Ims

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    sali2801
    This document discusses the PhD work of Sougata Pal on signaling issues in IMS networks. It provides background on IMS, OpenIMSCore, and IMS Bench SIPp. The document outlines work done to set up a test bed with OpenIMSCore and IMS Bench SIPp running on separate nodes. It proposes reducing signaling load in IMS networks by removing the I-CSCF element and having the P-CSCF directly query the HSS. Future work includes more testing with IMS Bench SIPp and collaborating with other research groups to simulate new IMS core architectures.

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    Signalling Issues in Ims

    Uploaded by

    sali2801
    143 views18 pages
    This document discusses the PhD work of Sougata Pal on signaling issues in IMS networks. It provides background on IMS, OpenIMSCore, and IMS Bench SIPp. The document outlines work done to set up a test bed with OpenIMSCore and IMS Bench SIPp running on separate nodes. It proposes reducing signaling load in IMS networks by removing the I-CSCF element and having the P-CSCF directly query the HSS. Future work includes more testing with IMS Bench SIPp and collaborating with other research groups to simulate new IMS core architectures.

    Original Description:

    IMS and signaling

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    This document discusses the PhD work of Sougata Pal on signaling issues in IMS networks. It provides background on IMS, OpenIMSCore, and IMS Bench SIPp. The document outlines work done to set up a test bed with OpenIMSCore and IMS Bench SIPp running on separate nodes. It proposes reducing signaling load in IMS networks by removing the I-CSCF element and having the P-CSCF directly query the HSS. Future work includes more testing with IMS Bench SIPp and collaborating with other research groups to simulate new IMS core architectures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    143 views18 pages

    Signalling Issues in Ims

    Uploaded by

    sali2801
    This document discusses the PhD work of Sougata Pal on signaling issues in IMS networks. It provides background on IMS, OpenIMSCore, and IMS Bench SIPp. The document outlines work done to set up a test bed with OpenIMSCore and IMS Bench SIPp running on separate nodes. It proposes reducing signaling load in IMS networks by removing the I-CSCF element and having the P-CSCF directly query the HSS. Future work includes more testing with IMS Bench SIPp and collaborating with other research groups to simulate new IMS core architectures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    PhD Work: Signaling Issues in IMS

    PhD Student: Sougata Pal


    Phd Advisors: Dr. Anna Sfairopoulou
    Dr. Miquel Oliver
    Dr. Johan Zuidweg

    Contents

    Some Prior Words:


    IMS, OpenIMSCore , IMS Bench SIPp

    Work Done Till Now :


    OpenIMSCore live and functional.
    Test Bed being made with 2 nodes with OpenIMSCore and
    IMS Bench SIPp running on individual nodes.

    Test Bed Setup

    Formulated Changes inside IMS Core- Issues to Discuss

    Questions

    Some prior words..

    Nothing is absolute,with the debatable exceptions of this


    statement and death... By John Ralston Saul(Canadian
    Author)
    Post 2000, the one of the most critically analyzed and
    upgraded network architecture IMS, yet with an uncertain
    future.

    3GPP Rel 10 already has arrived , work going on Rel 11

    Various kinds of new services being offered based on IMS

    Still yet to deployed on massive scale.

    What is IMS ?

    OpenIMSCore.. Some words

    Open Source Implementation of IMS Call Session


    Control Functions (CSCF's) and light weight Home
    Subscriber Server(HSS).
    FOKUS product, perhaps the only open test bed to
    start work on IMS.
    CSCF's (P/I/S) all based upon Sip Express
    Router(SER)

    HSS based upon MySQL

    FOKUS has also one Traffic Generator-SIPNuKe

    Graphical Presentation of
    OpenIMSCore..

    OpenIMSCore set-up details..

    Users Jelena and Trang.. ;) (Enough of Bob and Alice)

    Each user has it's own private and public identity

    Trang IMPI- [email protected]


    IMPU- sip:[email protected]

    SIP Ports: 4060(P),5060(I),6060(S)

    DIAMETER Ports: 3868(HSS),3869(I),3870(S)

    Separate DNS working for this tests

    ./pcscf.sh,./icscf.sh,./scscf.sh,./startup.sh running the 4


    elements P/I/S-CSCF , HSS

    IMS Bench SIPp

    Performance Testing and Benchmark specification tool-set


    according to IMS/NGN Performance Benchmark Specification
    ETSI TS 186 008
    Open Source Implementation just like OpenIMSCore with
    continuous development.
    IMS Bench SIPp based on the already established Traffic
    Generator SIPp.
    Presently supports only 5 scenarios: Reg,Re-Reg,DeReg,Successful Call, Successful Messaging.
    Though still not fully compliant with real life situation yet it
    gives an idea of how can an IMS Core perform in various
    different situations.

    Test Bed set-up..

    OpenIMSCore running at my Desktop(10.80.4.244), which


    is also the System Under Test (SUT)
    IMS Bench SIPp running on another node (10.80.4.245).
    IMS Bench SIPp comprises of Manager, one or more load
    generators(TS1,TS2), one or more system monitoring
    agents for CPU.

    All are logically present in this second Desktop node.

    TS1 and TS2 generating 50,000 users traffic each.

    HSS database being updated with 1,00,000 users.

    Initial Work with OpenIMSCore

    Initial work started with our 2 users Jelena and Trang.


    Getting them properly registered and making both way calls
    between them.
    Wire-shark traces will show to what extent signaling is being
    exchanged between the various Proxy servers and the
    HSS.
    This huge number of signaling messages are just between
    2 users..
    Just imagine the same picture with 1,00,000 users..:((

    Registration in IMS
    I-CSCF sends a Diameter User Authentication
    Request (UAR) to the Home Subscriber
    Server (HSS) which authorizes the user and responds
    with a Diameter User Authentication Answer (UAA)

    UE

    P-CSCF
    1. Register

    User Equipment (UE) sends


    SIP REGISTER request
    to Proxy-Call Session
    Control Function (P-CSCF)

    10. 401 Unauthorized


    11. Register
    UE responds with the answer
    to the challenge question in a
    new SIP REGISTER request

    20. 200 OK

    I-CSCF
    2. Register
    P-CSCF forwards the
    SIP REGISTER request to
    the Interrogating-Call Session
    Control Function (I-CSCF)

    9. 401 Unauthorized

    3. Diameter UAR
    4. Diameter UAA
    5. Register

    I-CSCF forwards the SIP


    REGISTER request to the Serving-C
    Session Control Function (S-CSC

    6. Diameter MAR
    7. Diameter MAA
    8. 401 Unauthorized

    12. Register

    13. Diameter UAR


    14. Diameter UAA
    S-CSCF creates a SIP
    401 Unauthorized response 15. Register
    with challenge question that
    UE must answer

    19. 200 OK

    S-CSCF

    HSS

    S-CSCF sends a Diameter Multimedia Authen


    Request (MAR) message to the HSS for down
    user authentication data and the HSS respon
    a Diameter Multimedia Authentication Answe

    16. Diameter SAR


    17. Diameter SAA
    18. 200 OK

    If authentication is successful, the S-CSCF sends


    a Diameter Server Assignment Request (SAR)
    and the HSS responds with a
    Diameter Server Assignment Answer (SAA)

    S-CSCF sends a 200 OK


    message to inform the UE
    of successful registration

    IMS Registration..Continues
    UE

    P-CSCF

    I-CSCF

    HSS

    S-CSCF

    21. Subscribe
    22. 200 OK

    UE sends a reg event


    SUBSCRIBE request to the P-CSCF
    which proxies it to the S-CSCF

    23. Notify
    24. 200 OK

    25. Subscribe
    S-CSCF sends a 200 OK after
    accepting the reg event subscription

    26. Subscribe

    S-CSCF sends a NOTIFY


    request containing registration
    information in XML format

    27. 200 OK

    28. 200 OK

    29. Notify
    30. Notify
    UE finishes subscription to the reg event
    state by sending a 200 OK message

    31. 200 OK
    32. 200 OK

    Our Proposed Thought..

    Our proposed idea is to completely reduce 1 important


    element in the core IMS part and try to reduce signaling load
    which is getting generated to some extent.
    Rather than deleting signaling interface , why not try to
    reduce the number of exchanged signaling messages?
    Amongst all the elements present in IMS Core, I-CSCF is the
    least important in comparison to the others.
    Mandatory for all the signaling messages to pass through
    P/S-CSCF but not for I-CSCF
    I-CSCF is just working as a gatekeeper for entering in the
    home domain

    Idea Continues..

    Include a cache memory at P-CSCF

    Completely remove I-CSCF, keeping just the P/S-CSCF

    P-CSCF queries the DNS to get the location of S-CSCF

    When the first registration gets challenged, P-CSCF directly


    send the new registration message to the S-CSCF/HSS
    Cache memory gets updated after a specific period of time
    Session Border Controller already existing as a gatekeeper
    while signaling messages pass through from one domain to
    another

    A Complete Call flow in IMS


    Calling Party Home Network

    UE-1
    1.

    P-CSCF

    SIP INVITE
    SIP 100 TRYING

    2.

    3.

    Called Party Home Network

    S-CSCF

    DNS

    HSS

    I-CSCF

    DNS Query: (URI)

    DNS Response: I-CSCF


    for CALLED (IP Addr)
    SIP INVITE

    Cx Location Query
    (Get CALLED IP)

    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)
    SIP 180 Ringing
    36

    SIP 200 OK (INVITE)


    54

    61

    19

    35

    53

    SIP 200 OK (INVITE)

    55

    SIP 183 Session Progress


    20

    28

    SIP 180 Ringing


    38

    46
    52

    SIP 200 OK (INVITE)


    56

    SIP ACK

    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    27
    33

    SIP 180
    Ringing

    22

    32

    39 SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    45
    51

    SIP 200 OK
    (INVITE)

    57

    SIP ACK

    SIP 180 Ringing

    40

    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    44
    50

    SIP 200 OK (INVITE)

    58

    SIP ACK

    23

    31

    SIP 180 Ringing


    41

    49

    30

    42

    48
    SIP 20 0 OK (INVI TE)
    59

    SIP ACK

    24

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 20 0 OK
    (PRAC K)

    43

    12

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 20 0 OK
    (PRAC K)

    25

    SIP PRACK

    SIP INVITE
    SIP 183 Session
    Progress

    13

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    26

    11

    SIP INVITE
    SIP 183
    Session
    Progress

    14

    21 SIP PRACK

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK (PRACK)

    10

    SIP INVITE
    SIP 183
    Session
    Progress

    15

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK (PRACK)

    34

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    47

    SIP ACK
    60

    SIP ACK

    BEARER
    62

    SIP BYE
    SIP 200 OK (BYE)

    SIP 18 0 Rin ging

    37

    16

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    29

    SIP PRACK
    SIP 200 OK
    (PRACK)

    SIP 1 83
    Sess ion
    Prog ress

    17

    SIP PRACK

    UE-2

    Cx Location
    Response: S-CSCF
    (CALLED IP)
    9

    18

    P-CSCF

    SIP INVITE
    Evaluate Filter Critera

    SIP 183 Session


    Progress

    S-CSCF

    72

    63

    SIP BYE

    SIP 200 OK (BYE)

    Figure A: SIP UE to SIP UE

    71

    64

    SIP BYE
    SIP 200 OK (BYE)

    70

    65

    SIP BYE

    SIP 200 OK
    (BYE)

    69

    66

    SIP BYE

    SIP 200 OK (BYE)

    68

    SIP BY E

    SIP 200 OK (BYE)

    67

    Future Work

    Bit more tests with IMS Bench SIPp traffic generator to find
    the signaling load analysis.
    We need to prepare some advanced test beds where we
    can simulate an entire new IMS Core architecture
    Collaborations with other research groups in this field will be
    extremely helpful.
    NGN Lab at Slovak Institute of Tech ,TNO Netherlands ,
    Orange Labs etc..

    Conclusion

    Thank You!!! Hope have not made too


    much boring ....
    QUESTIONS??
    [email protected]

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