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    APP129

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    Gary Lo
    This document provides technical guidelines for the use of recycled aggregates in concrete in Hong Kong, setting limits on their use in prescribed mix concrete and designed mix concrete. It establishes requirements for recycled aggregates and mix proportions. Recycled aggregates can make up 100% of coarse aggregates in 20P concrete for minor works, and 20% of coarse aggregates in 25D-35D concrete for certain applications excluding liquid-retaining structures. Laboratories must conduct trials before use to ensure the concrete meets strength and compliance criteria.

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    APP129

    Uploaded by

    Gary Lo
    136 views10 pages
    This document provides technical guidelines for the use of recycled aggregates in concrete in Hong Kong, setting limits on their use in prescribed mix concrete and designed mix concrete. It establishes requirements for recycled aggregates and mix proportions. Recycled aggregates can make up 100% of coarse aggregates in 20P concrete for minor works, and 20% of coarse aggregates in 25D-35D concrete for certain applications excluding liquid-retaining structures. Laboratories must conduct trials before use to ensure the concrete meets strength and compliance criteria.

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    This document provides technical guidelines for the use of recycled aggregates in concrete in Hong Kong, setting limits on their use in prescribed mix concrete and designed mix concrete. It establishes requirements for recycled aggregates and mix proportions. Recycled aggregates can make up 100% of coarse aggregates in 20P concrete for minor works, and 20% of coarse aggregates in 25D-35D concrete for certain applications excluding liquid-retaining structures. Laboratories must conduct trials before use to ensure the concrete meets strength and compliance criteria.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    136 views10 pages

    APP129

    Uploaded by

    Gary Lo
    This document provides technical guidelines for the use of recycled aggregates in concrete in Hong Kong, setting limits on their use in prescribed mix concrete and designed mix concrete. It establishes requirements for recycled aggregates and mix proportions. Recycled aggregates can make up 100% of coarse aggregates in 20P concrete for minor works, and 20% of coarse aggregates in 25D-35D concrete for certain applications excluding liquid-retaining structures. Laboratories must conduct trials before use to ensure the concrete meets strength and compliance criteria.

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    of 10

    Re-issued under new categorization in August 2009 as Practice Note for Authorized

    Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered Geotechnical Engineers APP-129

    Buildings Department

    Practice Note for Authorized Persons


    and Registered Structural Engineers

    275

    Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete


    Introduction
    To reduce the pressure on the demand of public filling and landfill capacity,
    one of the means of resource conservation and waste minimization is to recycle hard
    and inert construction and demolition (C&D) materials, such as broken rock and
    concrete, into aggregates and put them into good use. This PNAP sets out the
    technical guidelines for using recycled aggregates in prescribed mix concrete of
    specified grade strength of 20P and designed mix concrete of specified grade strengths
    of 25D to 35D.
    Technical Guidelines
    2.
    The technical guidelines for prescribed mix concrete (20P) with 100%
    recycled aggregate is given in Appendix A, and that for designed mix concrete (25D to
    35D) with 20% recycled aggregate is given in Appendix B to this PNAP.
    3.
    The above technical guidelines have made reference to the technical
    specifications developed by the Standing Committee on Concrete Technology (SCCT)
    and Highways Department which were based on internationally recognized standards
    and results of laboratory tests done locally. They have been promulgated amongst
    works departments under Works Bureau Technical Circular No. 12/2002.
    4.
    Concrete producers in Hong Kong are also well aware of the Technical
    Circular through their Concrete Producers Associations meetings with SCCT during
    the whole process of specifications development.
    Applications
    5.
    Prescribed mix concrete of specified grade strength of 20P with 100%
    recycled aggregate should only be used for minor structural or non-structural works in
    accordance with Building (Construction) Regulation 60(1). They may include, for
    examples, on-grade slabs, blinding layer, U-channels/stepped channels, bedding and
    haunching for pipe works, concrete footings for posts and fences, and mass concrete fill
    which does not sustain appreciable loading.
    /6. ..

    -2-

    6.
    Designed mix concrete of specified grade strengths of 25D to 35D with a
    maximum of 20% recycled aggregates may be used for the following applications that
    do not have major structural concern:
    (a) concrete or reinforced concrete landscape features such as
    planters and planter walls, fence walls, mass concrete walls
    and footings for supporting landscape features;
    (b) manholes and sand traps except manholes for foul water,
    grease traps and petrol interceptors where leakage of
    contaminated liquid to surrounding soil is undesirable; and
    (c) carriageway pavement or overlay, reinforced concrete infill
    walls and mass concrete under footings or rafts.
    7.
    Concrete with recycled aggregates must not be used in liquid-retaining
    structures, pre-stressed concrete structures, transfer structures or hanger structures.
    Exemption
    8.
    The use of recycled aggregates in concrete and the technical guidelines given
    in Appendices A and B would deviate from the relevant provisions of Building
    (Construction) Regulation 51 on the structural use of concrete. However, applications
    for modifications or exemptions under section 42 of the Buildings Ordinance would
    normally be given provided that:
    (a) the proposed applications fall in with those given under
    paragraphs 5 and/or 6 above; and
    (b) corresponding technical guidelines given in Appendices A
    and/or B are strictly complied with.
    9.
    Where an Authorized Person or Registered Structural Engineer intends to use
    concrete with recycled aggregates in building works, he/she should state it clearly on
    the plan that contains general structural specifications and in the Part I structural
    calculations. Reference should be made to PNAP 121 in this respect. The Authorized
    Person or Registered Structural Engineer should also make a statement on the plan that
    /the ..

    -3-

    the proposed use of concrete with recycled aggregates shall strictly comply with the
    technical guidelines given in Appendices A and/or B to this PNAP. The scope of the
    works involving the use of recycled aggregates should also be indicated on the relevant
    structural layout and detail plans.
    10.
    Other requirements governing the use of concrete in structures shall also be
    applied in concrete with recycled aggregates.
    Implementation
    11.
    The use of recycled aggregates in concrete is at its initial stage of
    implementation. Civil Engineering Department is commissioning a pilot recycling
    plant at Tuen Mun Area 38 with a view to supplying recycled aggregates to a number of
    public works projects earmarked for such purpose. The plant has been in operation
    since July 2002.

    ( H W CHEUNG )
    Building Authority

    Ref: BD GP/BREG/RC/4 III


    First Issue

    February 2003 (AD/NB2)

    Index under: Recycled aggregates


    C and D Waste Reduction

    Technical Guidelines for Prescribed Mix Concrete


    with 100% Recycled Coarse Aggregates
    Scope

    This technical guidelines is only applicable to


    prescribed mix concrete of specified grade
    strength of 20P.

    Applications

    Concrete with 100% recycled coarse


    aggregates shall only be used for minor
    structural or non- structural works in
    accordance with Building (Construction)
    Regulation 60(1).

    General
    Requirements

    Concrete shall comply with the relevant


    provisions of Building (Construction)
    Regulations on prescribed mix concrete.

    Recycled Coarse
    Aggregates

    Recycled Coarse Aggregates shall be


    produced by crushing old concrete and shall
    meet the requirements in Table 1.

    Fine Aggregates

    Fine aggregates shall be within the limits of


    grading M in BS 882.
    Fine aggregate derived
    concrete shall not be used.

    from

    recycled

    Grading

    The grading of the coarse aggregates shall


    comply with the limits of Table 3 of BS
    882:1992 for single-sized 20 mm and 10 mm
    aggregates.

    Mix Proportions

    Concrete shall be mixed in the following


    proportions:
    Ordinary Portland Cement
    Fine Aggregates
    20 mm Coarse Aggregates
    10 mm Coarse Aggregates

    Workability

    :
    :
    :
    :

    100 kg
    180 kg
    180 kg
    90 kg

    Recycled coarse aggregates have to be


    thoroughly wetted before being used.
    The concrete shall have a slump of 75 mm
    when it is ready to be compacted to its final
    position.
    -1-

    Appendix A
    (PNAP 275)
    (APP-129)

    Test Cubes

    The sampling rate, making, curing and


    testing of concrete shall comply with Building
    (Construction) Regulations requirements.

    Minimum Strength

    The minimum concrete cube strength shall be


    14 MPa and 20 MPa at 7 and 28 days
    respectively.

    Trials

    Laboratory trials shall be conducted to


    confirm that the strength requirement can be
    met before the prescribed mix is used in the
    works. The 28-day strength of each of the 3
    cubes in the trial shall not be less than 26
    MPa.
    Table 1

    Mandatory Requirements

    Limits

    Minimum dry particle density


    (kg/m3)

    2000

    BS 812: Part 2

    Maximum water absorption

    10%

    BS 812: Part 2

    Maximum content of wood


    and other material less dense
    than water

    0.5%

    Manual sorting in
    accordance with
    BRE Digest 433

    Maximum content of other


    foreign materials (e.g. metals,
    plastics, clay lumps, asphalt
    and tar, glass etc)

    1%

    Maximum fines

    4%

    BS 812: Section 103.1

    Maximum content of sand


    (<4mm) (% m/m)

    5%

    BS 812: Section 103.1

    Maximum content of sulphate


    (% m/m)

    1%

    BS 812: Part 118

    Flakiness index

    40%

    BS 812: Section 105.1

    10% fines test

    100 kN

    Grading
    Maximum Chloride content

    Table 3 of BS 882: 1992


    Table 7 of BS 882 0.05%
    by mass of chloride ion of
    combined aggregate

    (2/2003)
    -2-

    Testing Method

    BS 812: Part 111

    Appendix B
    (PNAP 275)
    (APP-129)
    Technical Guidelines for Designed Mix Concrete
    with 20% Recycled Coarse Aggregates
    Scope

    This technical guidelines is only applicable to


    designed mix concrete of specified grade
    strength of 25D to 35D.

    Applications

    Concrete with 20% recycled coarse aggregates


    may be used for applications specified in this
    PNAP. This type of concrete must not be used
    in liquid-retaining structures or pre-stressed
    concrete.

    General
    Requirements

    Concrete shall comply with the relevant


    provisions
    of
    Building
    (Construction)
    Regulations on designed mix concrete.

    Cementitious
    Material

    Only ordinary Portland cement to BS 12 shall


    be used.

    Coarse Aggregates

    Coarse aggregates shall consist of 80% natural


    mineral aggregates as defined in the Building
    (Construction) Regulation 51.
    Recycled Coarse Aggregates shall be produced
    by crushing old concrete and shall meet the
    requirements in Table 1.
    Tests on recycled aggregates from a particular
    source shall be carried out at weekly intervals
    to check compliance with Table 1.

    Fine Aggregates

    Fine aggregate shall comply with the Building


    (Construction) Regulation 51.
    Fine aggregate recycled from old concrete shall
    not be used.

    Grading

    The grading of the coarse aggregates shall


    comply with the limits of Table 3 of BS
    882:1992 for single-sized 20 mm and 10 mm
    aggregates.

    -1-

    Workability

    Recycled coarse aggregates have


    thoroughly wetted before being used.

    to

    be

    The concrete shall have a minimum slump of


    75 mm when it is ready to be compacted to its
    final position.
    Laboratory Mix
    Trials and Plant
    Trials

    Before any concrete is produced for use in the


    works, laboratory trials and plant trials must be
    performed in accordance with Appendix C.

    Compliance Criteria Compliance criteria shall be those given in


    (laboratory trials & Appendix C.
    plant trials)
    Concrete Batching

    Recycled coarse aggregates have to be stored in


    separate stockpiles or silos to prevent
    inadvertent mixing with natural aggregates.
    A separate compartment must be provided for
    recycled coarse aggregates in the batching
    plant.

    Acceptance Criteria
    for Compressive
    Strength

    Concrete shall be tested in accordance with


    Building (Construction) Regulation 58 for
    compliance with the specified grade strength
    set out in Building (Construction) Regulation
    59.

    -2-

    Table 1
    Mandatory Requirements
    Minimum
    dry
    3
    density (kg/m )

    particle

    Limits

    Testing Method

    2000

    BS 812: Part 2

    Maximum water absorption

    10%

    BS 812: Part 2

    Maximum content of wood


    and other material less dense
    than water

    0.5%

    Manual sorting in
    accordance with
    BRE Digest 433

    Maximum content of other


    foreign
    materials
    (e.g.
    metals, plastics, clay lumps,
    asphalt and tar, glass etc)

    1%

    Maximum fines

    4%

    BS 812: Section 103.1

    Maximum content of sand


    (<4mm) (% m/m)

    5%

    BS 812: Section 103.1

    Maximum
    content
    sulphate (% m/m)

    1%

    BS 812: Part 118

    Flakiness index

    40%

    BS 812: Section 105.1

    10% fines test

    100 kN

    BS 812: Part 111

    Grading

    Table 3 of BS 882: 1992

    Maximum Chloride Content

    Table 7 of BS 882
    0.05% by mass of
    chloride ion of combined
    aggregate

    of

    (2/2003)

    -3-

    Appendix C
    (PNAP 275)
    (APP-129)
    Laboratory Mix Trials and Plant Trials for Designed Mix Concrete
    with 20% Recycled Coarse Aggregates
    Laboratory Mix
    Trials

    1. Laboratory Mix Trials shall be made in the laboratory using the


    mix designs and constituents proposed to be used.
    2. Laboratory Mix Trials shall be carried out in accordance with
    Section 11 of CS1. Three separate batches shall be made, each of
    sufficient size to provide samples for two slump tests and to make
    six 150mm test cubes.
    3. Two slump tests in accordance with CS1 shall be performed on
    separate specimens from each batch of Laboratory Trial Mix
    concrete.
    4. Six 150mm test cubes shall be made from each batch of
    Laboratory Trial Mix concrete, stored, cured and tested for
    compressive strength at 28 days in accordance with CS1.

    Plant Trials

    1. Plant Trials shall be made using the plant or plants proposed and
    the mix designs and constituents proposed to be used.
    2. One batch of concrete of a proposed designed mix shall be made
    on each of three days in each plant proposed to be used. The
    batch shall be at least 60% of the mixers nominal capacity. If
    the concrete is batched in a central plant and mixed in a truck
    mixer, three different truck mixers shall be used.
    3. Three samples of concrete shall be provided from each batch at
    approximately 1/6, 1/2 and 5/6 of the discharge from the mixer.
    Each sample shall be of sufficient size to perform a slump test and
    make two 150mm test cubes. The method of sampling shall be as
    stated as in CS1.
    4. Each sample taken in accordance with item (3) above shall be
    tested to determine its slump value in accordance with CS1.
    5. Two 150mm test cubes shall be made from each sample taken in
    accordance item (3) above and stored, cured and tested to
    determine the compressive strength at 28 days in accordance with
    CS1.

    -1-

    Compliance
    Criteria:
    Laboratory Mix
    Trials

    1. When test data relating to the proposed plant or plants show that
    the plant standard deviation exceeds 5MPa, or in the absence of
    acceptable data, the results of tests on Laboratory Mix Trial
    concrete shall comply with the following requirements:
    (a)

    The average of the six slump values shall be within 20mm or


    25%, whichever is the greater, of the design slump value.
    (b) The average compressive strength at 28 days of the 18 test
    cubes shall exceed the Grade strength by at least 12MPa and
    the compressive strength of each individual test cube shall
    exceed the Grade strength by at least 6MPa.
    2. When test data relating to the proposed plant or plants show that
    the plant standard deviation does not exceed 5MPa and the data are
    considered acceptable, the results of tests on Laboratory Mix Trial
    concrete shall comply with the following requirements:
    (a) The average of the six slump values shall be within 20mm
    or 25%, whichever is the greater, of the design slump value.
    (b) The average compressive strength at 28 days of the 18
    test cubes shall exceed the Grade strength by at least 8MPa
    and the compressive strength of each individual test cube shall
    exceed the Grade strength by at least 2MPa.
    Compliance
    Criteria:
    Plant Trials

    The results of tests on concrete taken from Plant Trials shall comply
    with the following requirements:
    (a)
    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    The average of the nine slump values shall be within 20mm or


    25%, whichever is the greater, of the designed slump value.
    The range of the three slump values for each batch of concrete
    shall not exceed 20% of the average of the three slump values
    for that batch.
    The average compressive strength at 28 days of the 18 test cubes
    shall exceed the Grade strength by at least 10MPa and the
    compressive strength of each individual test cube shall exceed
    the Grade strength by at least 4MPa.
    The range of the compressive strength of the six test cubes from
    each batch of concrete shall not exceed 20% of the average
    compressive strength of the six test cubes from that batch.

    (2/2003)
    -2-

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