THE USE OF LACTASE ENZYME TO PRODUCE LACTOSE-FREE MILK AN

EXAMPLE OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AT WORK.

Why? A significant percentage of the human population are lactose-intolerant. Yet calcium
generally obtained from milk products is essential in the human diet. Remember the
Nigerian lactose-intolerant Yorubas?
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. Because many
people, especially those not of European race, are lactose intolerant (for the reason that their
gene for expressing lactase for some reason or another stopped its expression), lactose-free
milk are made so those people can still receive the nutrition of milk without indigestion.
Basically lactase breaks down lactose for those people.
AN EXAMPLE OF A PATENT APPLICATION
Enzymatic Method of Producing a Lactose-Free Calcium Product

Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

18/12/2007
Patent Number:
Inventors:
Applicant:
Publication Date:
Application
Number:
Filed:

7,309,506
Amador; Luz Maria (Fresno, CA)
n/a
18/12/2007
11/180,141
17/11/2005

An enzymatic method to extract lactose-free calcium from dairy whey and milk with the steps of:
adding an enzyme (yeast lactase or any other named related lactose reducing enzyme) to the
whey permeate in order to precipitate the lactose. The pH should be maintained below 7.2 and
temperature below 172 F. The system is cooled down and the product is pumped to a tank
equipped with an agitator to agitate the product and promote the hydrolysis. The slurry is
pumped for further drying. The optimum temperature for the process using lactase is 90.degree.
F. to 122.degree. F. After the enzyme is added to the liquid, the tanks are agitated for not least of
8 hours previous to the drying process.
Inventors: Amador; Luz Maria (Fresno, CA)
Appl. No.: 11/180,141
Filed: November 17, 2005
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Related U.S. Patent Documents
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Application Number Filing Date Patent Number Issue Date

60588303 Jul., 2004
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Current U.S. Class: 426/74 ; 426/580; 426/583; 426/588
Current International Class: A23L 1/303 (20060101)
Field of Search: 426/74,580,583,588

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------References Cited [Referenced By]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------U.S. Patent Documents
4740380 April 1988 Melachouris et al.
4851243 July 1989 Andersen et al.
4853246 August 1989 Stevens
5204134 April 1993 Girsh
5942264 August 1999 Monte
Primary Examiner: Pratt; Helen
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Parent Case Text
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 60/588,303, filed on Jul. 15, 2004.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Claims
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------I claim:
1. A method of producing a calcium containing lactose-free milk product comprising treating a milk
product from the group consisting of whey from milk, waste from animal milk, and any other milk
product comprising treating the milk product with a lactase enzyme at a temperature under 170 F., and
a pH of under 7.2 to make a lactose-free composition, separating the fluid from the composition,
drying said composition, and grinding the milk composition; or drying the milk composition after fluid

separation, and then grinding the lactose free milk-calcium containing composition, wherein the
lactose-free composition contains milk calcium, milk minerals and milk protein.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Description
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHED APPENDIX
Insert Description of Attached Appendix Here.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the field of and more specifically to an enzymatic method to extract
Lactose-free calcium and related minerals or protein from dairy whey and milk.
During the past years there have been numerous studies that highlight the benefits of adequate Calcium
intake to prevent some conditions and diseases such as overweight, diabetes, certain types of cancers
and cardiovascular problems. There has been a global increase of milk calcium production to satisfy
the requirements created by the introduction of food supplements. After a search for a commercial
product contacting large manufacturers of Milk calcium, I discovered that there was no commercial
lactose-free commercial product.
After learning about the need and in reviewing the statistical numbers of a growing population in need
for such product I designed the enclosed method to eliminate the lactose.
At the same time I knew of the preferences to obtain a product with a higher concentration of calcium
for pharmaceutical use and the requirements for whiter finished product.
Previous process rendered 24-27% Calcium in the final product. The novel enzymatic method, which I
introduced, increases substantially the yield of Calcium and provides a product with typical Calcium
concentration between 28-32%, depending of the moisture conditions that the equipment could control.
Calcium is a mineral that the body needs for numerous functions, including building and maintaining
bones and teeth, blood clotting, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the regulation of the heart's
rhythm. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the human body is stored in the bones and teeth. The
remaining 1 percent is found in the blood and other tissues.
To ensure that 95 percent of the population gets this much calcium, the National Academy of Sciences
established the following recommended intake levels: 1,000 mg/day for that age 19-50 1,200 mg/day
for that age 50 or over 1,000 mg/day for pregnant or lactating adult women
To have an adequate intake of calcium and other minerals it is recommended the consumption of milk,
but unfortunately there is large number of individuals that are lactose intolerant so the main goal of this
invention is to introduce a manufacturing method to eliminate lactose in the calcium in order to have a
product suitable for lactose intolerant individuals as well as for diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

Consumption of calcium and dairy products has benefits beyond bone health, including possibly
lowering the risk of high blood pressure and colon cancer. While the blood pressure benefits appear
fairly small, the protection against colon cancer seems somewhat larger. In addition high levels of
galactose, a sugar released by the digestion of lactose in milk, have been studied as possibly damaging
to the ovaries and leading to ovarian cancer. Although such associations have not been reported in all
studies, there may be potential harm in consuming high amounts of dairy products.
Lactose Intolerance
Millions of people have some degree of lactose intolerance. For them, eating or drinking dairy
products causes problems like cramping, bloating, gas, and diarrhea. These symptoms can range from
mild to severe. Certain groups are much more likely to have lactose intolerance. For example, 90
percent of Asians, 70 percent of blacks and Native Americans, and 50 percent of Hispanics are lactoseintolerant, compared to only about 15 percent of people of North America.
Existing process to obtain milk calcium does not eliminate the lactose and there is no history of
previous attempt to use an enzymatic process.
Direct communication with one of the leaders of the industry (Glanbia) confirmed this fact.
Prior technology didn't allow for removal of lactose. The present process eliminates the lactose in the
final product, making the product available for the millions of individuals that are lactose intolerant.
Prior technology created drying problems due to the existence of sugars in the product to be dried. The
present technology reduces the use of energy and makes the drying process more efficient.
The product obtained is whiter and the sweet flavor is also eliminated, creating a product that could be
use in a wider variety of consumer products.
The particle size for the product becomes more homogeneous.
The elimination of the sugars promotes a larger shelf life for the product.
The product becomes more stable since there increase in effectiveness from drying reduces the
moisture in the final product.
The previous product was highly hygroscopic. Since the sugars are eliminated the resulting product
obtained using this process elongates the shelf life of the product.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the invention is a lactose free product obtained from milk. The resulting product
would satisfy the need from pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food requirements to provide a high
quality source of calcium phosphate.
Another object of the invention is higher total percentage of Calcium in the final product.
Another object of the invention is higher recovery of solids in the process.
A further object of the invention is Creation of a Nobel method to increase energy efficiency. This
process reduces the amount of energy used to dry product.

Yet another object of the invention is to increase the quality of total solids profile. Previous process
provided higher percentage of large particles (30 microns). The use of this method produces a product
with higher percentage of particles below 30 microns.
Still yet another object of the invention is for certain pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food uses the
final product used to be milled. Because of the change in particle size distribution is modified there
will be not additional need to mill the product for certain uses.
Another object of the invention is to eliminate the need to keep the product under refrigeration
conditions. The traditional process to obtain this product was a batch system that required maintenance
of the product at or below 45.degree. F. Because the process eliminates the sugars in the system the
product is not longer in need of refrigeration. There are substantial savings as the product could be
maintained in the tanks previous to drying at ambient temperature eliminating the refrigeration costs.
Another object of the invention is that the product obtained is whiter, which in many cases is a
requirement for some industries such is the case of the pharmaceutical industry.
A further object of the invention is that the product obtained eliminates the sweet flavor, allowing for
use in a wider range of products without altering their original organoleptic characteristics.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following
descriptions, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and
example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is disclosed an enzymatic method to
extract Lactose-free calcium from dairy whey and milk comprising the steps of: 1) Adding an enzyme
(yeast Lactase or any other named related lactose reducing enzyme) to the whey permeate in order to
precipitate the lactose. The pH should be maintained below 7.2 and temperature below 172.degree. F.
2) The enzyme catalyzes the glucose and galactose from lactose. The lactase hydrolyzes lactose's beta
D-galactosides linkages yielding one mole of D-glucose and one mole of D-galactose 3) The system is
cooled down and the product is pumped to a tank equipped with an agitator to agitate the product and
promote the hydrolysis. 4) The slurry is pumped for further drying.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 A flow chart of the operations that comprise the method.
FIG. 2 Addition of Enzyme.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiment are provided herein. It is to be understood, however,
that the present invention may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed
herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative
basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately
detailed system, structure or manner.
The main advantage of a lactose-free product obtained from milk whey or any other related source of
animal milk is that it provides a source of calcium phosphate that is readily available for human
nutrition and is adequate for lactose intolerant individuals. However there are other advantages such as
the creation of a novel method to obtain Milk Calcium of higher quality (higher percentage of
Calcium) and the introduction of an enzymatic method that drastically diminishes the consumption of

energy during the drying process.

This new method allows for the creating of a higher quality product since the product obtained is a)
Whiter. b) Less expensive due to savings in energy and drying time. c) No sweetens of final product,
allowing for a wider use of the product. d) More stable, since the moisture is lower in the final product
and increases the shelf life e) Easier to control microbiological parameters.
While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended
to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to
cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope
of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
READ THE INFORMATION AND PRODUCE A SUMMARY PARAGRAPH.
John Osborne
April 2015