Conjunctions List

Coordinating Conjunctions
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Correlative Conjunctions
both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or
Some Subordinating Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time,
even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, inasmuch, just in case, lest , now
that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, that, though, till (or til),
unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or not, while

You can't use 'however' and 'whereas' in the same way. Follow these general rules in order to avoid
grammar mistakes:
Use 'however' (followed by a comma) at the beginning of a sentence to contrast with the
previous sentence:

Some people believe that schools are responsible for the behaviour of their students.
However, others argue that discipline is the responsibility of parents.

Use 'whereas' (after a comma) to contrast two ideas in the same sentence:

Some people believe that schools are responsible for the behaviour of their students,
whereas others argue that discipline is the responsibility of parents.

You can use 'on the other hand' or 'by contrast' in the same way as 'however'. You can use 'while'
instead of 'whereas'.
People in communities need to be educated about environment-friendly tourism as well
as become aware of the presence of tourists.
"as well as" is closer to "in addition to" than it is to "and", for two reasons:
(1) it generally implies 'not only but also': She likes dogs as well as cats= She doesn't only like
cats - she likes dogs, too.
(2) when we follow it with a verb, we generally use the -ING form: He cooks all the meals as
well as doing the housework.
It is possible, when there's an infinitive in the preceding main clause, to use a bare infinitive
after "as well as":

He has to cook all the meals as well as do the housework.

People need to be educated as well as becoming aware of plenty news in all overt the world.

Although, despite, in spite of, however: grammar exercise

Complete the following sentences
. 1. We went out .. the rain. a) in spite of b) however c) although
2. We went out . it rained. a) despite b) although c) however
3. She went on working .. she was tired. a) although b) despite c) either
could be used here
4. She went on working .. the fact that she was tired. a) despite b) however
c) although
5. .. she is a nice girl, I dont quite like her. a) although b) despite c) however
6. . expensive, it was a good watch. a) however b) although c) despite
7. I didnt like the film. ., everybody else seemed to enjoy it. a) however b)
despite c) either could be used here
8. . I didnt like the film, everybody else seemed to enjoy it. a) although b)
however c) either could be used here
9. We managed to do it .. he wasnt there. a) however b) although c)
either could be used here
10. We managed to do it, .. the fact that he was not there. a) although b)
despite c) however Answers
1. We went out in spite of the rain.
2. We went out although it rained.
3. She went on working although she was tired.
4. She went on working despite the fact that she was tired.
5. Although she is a nice girl, I dont quite like her.
6. Although expensive, it was a good watch.
7. I didnt like the film, however, everybody else seemed to enjoy it.
8. Although I didnt like the film, everybody else seemed to enjoy it.
9. We managed to do it although he wasnt there.
10. We managed to do it despite the fact that he wasnt there.
1. Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.
1. even though
2. because
2. Jerry passed the exam first time ________ I had to retake it three times.
1. while
2. as
3. ________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.
1. Since
2. Whereas
4. Paula got the job ________ she had no experience.
1. even though
2. as
5. ________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.

1. Because
2. Although
6. I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.
1. because
2. though
7. I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.
1. although
2. as
8. ________ Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada.
1. Since
2. Whereas
(visi aiskus, o paskutiniame atsakymas - 1 Since)

1. We recognized her at once,

(although, in case)
2. He kept reading
3. The moon will rise
4. It looks
5.

we had not seen her for years.

he fell asleep. (for, until)

the sun sets. (as soon as, than)

the train will be late. (while, as though)

she got her degree, she became a teacher. (After, Than)

6. We will not go skiing

the weather is good. (as if, unless)

7.

he left, he made sure he had his keys with him. (Before, For)

8.

I told the truth, you would not believe me. (Even if, So that)

9. They have known her

10. I must leave now,
11. What shall we do
12.

I have a great deal of work to do. (as, than)

it rains? (or else, supposing)

you read this book, you would be sure to enjoy it. (If, Until)

13. The door was open,

14. I studied more
15. We packed a lunch,
for)
16. I will join you,
17.

she was a child. (until, since)

we could hear everything. (in case, so)

he did. (than, whereas)
we knew we would soon be hungry. (lest,
the weather is fine. (providing, than)

he is very busy, he is seldom at home. (Or else, Because)

18. We must hurry,

we will be late. (so that, or else)

Key:
1. although 2. until 3. as soon as 4. as though 5. After 6. unless 7. Before 8. Even if 9.

since 10. as 11. supposing 12. If 13. so 14. than 15. for 16. providing 17. Because 18.
or else

although
as long as
until
while

because

even if

so that

unless

1. She has decided to move to Portland _______________ there are more opportunities for
employment in that city.
2. You can borrow my car ________________ you agree to be very careful with it.
3. They'll have a good corn harvest this year _______________ it rains a lot and prevents them
from harvesting their crops.
4. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun ________________ she can protect herself from intruders
who break into her apartment.
5. _______________ he can save a lot of money by taking the bus, Russ still drives his car into the
city every day.
6. Ronald is going to finish his homework ________________ it takes him all night.
7. My daughter can't wait _____________ she gets her new bike.
8. Stay in the car _______________ I go into the store. I'll be right back.
9. It's a good idea to go to college for four years _______________ it's possible to get a good job
without a degree.
10. ________________ he's overweight, Tony eats a lot of food before he goes to bed. That's not
healthy.
11. The police can't arrest the suspect in the crime______________ they have more evidence
against him.
12. Tim's parents will let him have his own car _______________ he pays for his own insurance
and doesn't get into any trouble with it.
13. _______________ Terry was talking on the phone and not paying attention, her kids were
making a big mess in the kitchen.
14. _______________ the police caught him driving while drunk, he lost his license.
15. Hubert's wife will have to get a job _______________ they can afford to pay their mortgage and
other expenses.

16. You shouldn't accept a ride in a car from someone ________________ you know the person
really well.
17. Rogelio needs to see a doctor _________________ his back is really bothering him a lot.
18. Jorge Shrubino was not a popular leader in his country __________________ he had support
from the business community.
19. Tanya and Uri have agreed not to move in together __________________ they get married.
20. The teacher got angry because the students were talking ________________ he was trying to
teach the class.

1. She has decided to move to Portland because there are more opportunities for employment in
that city.
2. You can borrow my car as long as you agree to be very careful with it.
3. They'll have a good corn harvest this year unless it rains a lot and prevents them from harvesting
their crops.
4. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun so that she can protect herself from intruders who break into
her apartment.
5. Although he can save a lot of money by taking the bus, Russ still drives his car into the city
every day.
6. Ronald is going to finish his homework even if it takes him all night.
7. My daughter can't wait until she gets her new bike.
8. Stay in the car while I go into the store. I'll be right back.
9. It's a good idea to go to college for four years even if it's possible to get a good job without a
degree.
10. Although he's overweight, Tony eats a lot of food before he goes to bed. That's not healthy.
11. The police can't arrest the suspect in the crime until they have more evidence against him.
12. Tim's parents will let him have his own car as long as he pays for his own insurance and doesn't
get into any trouble with it.
13. While Terry was talking on the phone and not paying attention, her kids were making a big
mess in the kitchen.
14. Because the police caught him driving while drunk, he lost his license.

15. Hubert's wife will have to get a job so that they can afford to pay their mortgage and other
expenses.
16. You shouldn't accept a ride in a car from someone unless you know the person really well.
17. Rogelio needs to see a doctor because his back is really bothering him a lot.
18. Jorge Shrubino was not a popular leader in his country although he had support from the
business community.
19. Tanya and Uri have agreed not to move in together until they get married.
20. The teacher got angry because the students were talking while he was trying to teach the class.

1. ________________ she tried really hard, she lost the race.

Although
Because
Since
2. ________________ my wife loves lilies, my sister prefers roses.
Because
Whereas
Rather than
3. ________________ sending everyone the same email, John composed a
separate email for each of his friends.
If only
Unless
Rather than
4. ________________ she comes, I will not talk to her.
Even if
Although
Because
5. ________________ you come with me, I will not go.
Although
Whereas
Unless
6. ________________ you have told me your name, I will tell you mine.
Although
Since

Even if
7. ________________ he didn't know what to say, he said nothing.
Because
Unless
Though
8. ________________ he came into the room, everyone looked at him.
Although
When
Whereas
9. ________________ the guard was sleeping, the prisoners escaped.
Although
While
Unless
10. ________________ she watches that movie, she cries.
Whatever
Because
Whenever

1. ________________ she tried really hard, she lost the race.

Although
Because
Since
2. ________________ my wife loves lilies, my sister prefers roses.
Because
Whereas
Rather than
3. ________________ sending everyone the same email, John composed a separate email
for each of his friends.
If only
Unless
Rather than
4. ________________ she comes, I will not talk to her.
Even if
Although

Because
5. ________________ you come with me, I will not go.
Although
Whereas
Unless
6. ________________ you have told me your name, I will tell you mine.
Although
Since
Even if
7. ________________ he didn't know what to say, he said nothing.
Because
Unless
Though
8. ________________ he came into the room, everyone looked at him.
Although
When
Whereas
9. ________________ the guard was sleeping, the prisoners escaped.
Although
While
Unless
10. ________________ she watches that movie, she cries.
Whatever
Because
Whenever

ConjunctionsFill in the blanks with (so, so that, although, when, since)

1 I need an office to myself ______ I can get some work done. (so that)
2 Write it down ______ you don't forget. (so that)
3 I need to get to work early ______ I can finish the report before the meeting. (so that)
4. Ill tell her________ I see her. (when)
5 ______ you left, the atmosphere in the office has not been as nice. (since )
6 ______ he was the best qualified candidate, he didn't get the job. (although)
7 He is learning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job. (so that)
8 ______ you think of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous thathe was chosen. (when)
9 I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced. (although)
10 ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call. (when)
11 ______ you already know Mary, you should go to meet her at the airport. (since)
12 ______ we would like to open a branch in Oxford now, we will probably wait foranother year (although)

13 The job is badly paid ______ I'm looking for another one. (so)
14 I hate living in London ______ I'm moving to the country. (so)
15 I don't know him very well, ______ I have met him socially on a couple of occasions.(although)
16 I don't know ______ I'll be back. (when)
17 I haven't seen her ______ last Summer. (since)
18 ______ we have so much to do, let's delay discussing this until our next meeting.(since)
19. We're not making much profit ______ we need to raise our prices (so)
20 The exercise was boring ______ I stopped (so