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    Hip Complex Handout

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    powerliftermilo
    The document provides an overview of the functional anatomy of the hip complex muscles. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, isolated function, integrated function, and potential chain reactions of each major muscle group including the hip flexors, adductors, internal rotators, extensors, abductors, and external rotators. The objective is to explain how the hip complex muscles work synergistically in all three planes of motion to produce force, reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain during functional movements.

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    Hip Complex Handout

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    powerliftermilo
    80 views17 pages
    The document provides an overview of the functional anatomy of the hip complex muscles. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, isolated function, integrated function, and potential chain reactions of each major muscle group including the hip flexors, adductors, internal rotators, extensors, abductors, and external rotators. The objective is to explain how the hip complex muscles work synergistically in all three planes of motion to produce force, reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain during functional movements.

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    Hip Complex Handout

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    The document provides an overview of the functional anatomy of the hip complex muscles. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, isolated function, integrated function, and potential chain reactions of each major muscle group including the hip flexors, adductors, internal rotators, extensors, abductors, and external rotators. The objective is to explain how the hip complex muscles work synergistically in all three planes of motion to produce force, reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain during functional movements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views17 pages

    Hip Complex Handout

    Uploaded by

    powerliftermilo
    The document provides an overview of the functional anatomy of the hip complex muscles. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, isolated function, integrated function, and potential chain reactions of each major muscle group including the hip flexors, adductors, internal rotators, extensors, abductors, and external rotators. The objective is to explain how the hip complex muscles work synergistically in all three planes of motion to produce force, reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain during functional movements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the hip complex works synergistically through all three planes of motion and each muscle has a function in flexion, extension, and rotation both in isolation and integration with other muscles. The hip muscles are interdependent and influence function in the lumbar spine, pelvis, and lower limbs.

    The main hip flexors are the psoas, iliacus, sartorius, tensor fascia latae, and rectus femoris. Their functions include flexing the hip as well as assisting in external rotation, stabilization, and deceleration of movements.

    Some chain reactions that can occur include tight psoas inhibiting the gluteus maximus and core stabilizers, weak gluteus medius causing increased stress in the lower leg, and tight external rotators creating sacroiliac dysfunction and lumbar issues.

    The National Academy of Sports Medicine

    Integrated Function of the Hip Complex

    Course Objectives

    Explain the interdependent relationship of the


    Hip Complex as it works synergistically to
    produce force, reduce force and stabilize the
    entire kinetic chain during function
    movements
    Each muscle has a function in all three planes
    of motion

    Functional Anatomy: Hip Flexors

    Psoas
    Iliacus
    Sartorius
    Tensor Fascia Latae
    (TFL)
    Rectus Femoris
    Adductor Longus
    Pectineus

    Psoas
    Origin
    Bodies and transverse
    processes of the lumbar
    spine

    Insertion
    Lesser trochanter of the
    femur

    Innervation
    Spinal branches of L2-L4

    Psoas
    Isolated Function
    Flexes hip
    Synergistically assists in hip external rotation
    Extends, laterally flexes, and rotates lumbar spine

    Integrated Function
    Decelerates femoral internal rotation at heel strike
    Assists in stabilization of the lumbar spine during functional
    movements
    Decelerates hip extension while accelerating hip external
    rotation

    Psoas

    Chain Reaction
    Tight psoas inhibits gluteus maximus, increases
    compressive forces in the lumbar spine
    Tight psoas inhibits the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
    intrinsic stabilization mechanism which increases
    translational and rotational stress in the lumbar
    spine during dynamic movement

    Iliacus
    Origin
    Iliac Fossa

    Insertion
    Lesser Trochanter

    Innervation
    L2-L4

    Iliacus
    Isolated Function
    Hip Flexion
    Hip External Rotation

    Integrated Function
    Decelerates hip
    extension and internal
    rotation
    Dynamic stabilization of
    the lumbo-pelvic-hip
    complex

    Iliacus
    Chain Reactions
    Compensates for
    weakness in the other
    hip flexor muscles
    Compensates for weak
    intrinsic core stabilizers

    Sartorius
    Origin
    ASIS

    Insertion
    Proximal, medial surface
    of the tibia

    Innervation
    Femoral Nerve

    Sartorius
    Isolated Function
    Hip flexion, abduction,
    external rotation
    Knee flexion, internal
    rotation

    Integrated Function
    Decelerates hip
    extension, adduction,
    and internal rotation
    Decelerates knee
    extension and external
    rotation

    Sartorius
    Chain Reactions
    Transverse plane
    compensation at the hip
    (internal rotation) and
    knee (tibial external
    rotation) lengthens this
    biarticular muscle

    Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)


    Origin
    Outer surface of the iliac
    crest just posterior to
    the ASIS

    Insertion
    Proximal 1/3 of the ITB

    Innervation
    Superior Gluteal Nerve

    Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)


    Isolated Function
    Hip Flexion, abduction,
    internal rotation

    Integrated Function
    Eccentrically decelerates
    hip extension, adduction,
    and external rotation
    Dynamically stabilizes
    the LPHC

    Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)


    Chain Reactions
    Compensates for a weak
    gluteus medius
    Accelerates femoral
    adduction via:
    Tibial abduction (during
    weight bearing)
    Femoral IR function

    Rectus Femoris
    Origin
    Anterior inferior iliac
    spine
    Superior rim of
    acetabulum

    Insertion
    Patella

    Innervation
    Femoral N. L2-L4

    Rectus Femoris
    Isolated Function
    Knee extension
    Hip flexion

    Integrated Function
    Eccentrically decelerates knee flexion, adduction, and
    internal rotation at heel strike
    Dynamically stabilizes the knee
    Accelerates extension and external rotation during triple
    extension
    Decelerates hip extension and knee flexion

    Rectus Femoris

    Chain Reactions
    Weak quadriceps increases eccentric load to the
    patellar tendon
    Tight rectus femoris creates increased anterior
    pelvic tilt, which inhibits the gluteus maximus, thus
    creating kinetic chain compensations

    Functional Anatomy: Hip Adductors

    Pectineus
    Gracilis
    Adductor Brevis
    Adductor Longus
    Adductor Magnus

    Pectineus
    Origin
    Pectineal line of the
    pubic ramus

    Insertion
    Pectineal line of the
    femur

    Innervation
    Femoral Nerve

    Gracilis
    Origin
    Pubic symphisis

    Insertion
    Medial tibial plateu (pes
    anserine)

    Innervation
    Obturator N. L2-L4

    Adductor Brevis
    Origin
    Inferior Pubic Ramus

    Insertion
    Pectineal Line
    Linea Aspera

    Innervation
    Obturator N. L2-L4

    Adductor Longus
    Origin
    Medial portion of the
    superior pubic ramus

    Insertion
    Linea Aspera of the
    femur

    Innervation
    Obturator N. L2-L4

    Adductor Magnus
    Origin
    Ischiopubic ramus
    Ischial tuberosity

    Insertion
    Linea aspera of femur
    Adductor tubercle

    Innervation
    Obturator N. L2-L4,S1

    Adductor Complex
    Isolated Function
    Adducts, Flexes, and Internally Rotates the femur
    Magnus: Adducts, Extends, Externally Rotates the femur

    Integrated Function
    Works synergistically with gluteus medius, tensor fascia
    latae, and quadratus lumborum for frontal plane
    stabilization during stance phase
    Assists in eccentric deceleration of hip extension, external
    rotation and abduction
    Adductor magnus assists with hip extension and external
    rotation

    Adductor Complex

    Chain Reactions
    Tight adductors increase frontal plane stress at
    the knee and hip
    Tight adductors cause myokinetic inhibition of the
    gluteus medius, leading to compensations by the
    quadratus and tensor fascia latae/iliotibial band for
    frontal plane stabilization, leading to lumbar spine
    and sacroiliac joint dysfunctions

    Functional Anatomy: Hip Internal Rotators

    Gluteus minimis & Gluteus medius (anterior


    fibers)
    Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
    Adductor longus
    Adductor brevis
    Pectineus
    Hamstrings (medial)

    Gluteus Medius
    Origin
    Posterior ilium b/w the
    posterior and anterior
    gluteal lines

    Insertion
    Greater trochanter

    Innervation
    Superior Gluteal Nerve

    Gluteus Medius
    Isolated Function
    Anterior Fibers
    Abduct and internally
    rotate the femur

    Integrated Function
    Dynamically stabilize the
    LPHC during single leg
    stance
    Eccentrically decelerates
    frontal plane hip
    adduction

    Gluteus Minimus
    Origin
    Ilium b/w the anterior
    and inferior gluteal line

    Insertion
    Greater Trochanter

    Innervation
    Superior Gluteal Nerve

    10

    Gluteus Minimus
    Isolated Function
    Abduct and internally
    rotates the femur

    Integrated Function
    Assists in dynamic
    stabilization of the LPHC
    during single leg stance
    Assists in eccentric
    deceleration of femoral
    adduction

    Hip Internal Rotators

    Chain Reactions
    In the presence of weakness to posterior fibers of
    Gluteus Medius:
    Anterior fibers of Gluteus Medius compensate
    Gluteus Minimus compensates
    TFL compensates

    Functional Anatomy: Hip Extensors

    Gluteus maximus
    Hamstrings
    Adductor magnus (posterior head vertical
    fibers)

    11

    Gluteus Maximus

    Origin

    Posterior Gluteal line


    Posterior Sacrum
    Posterior Coccyx
    Sacrotuberous lig.

    Insertion
    Iliotibial tract
    Gluteal tuberosity

    Innervation
    Inferior gluteal N. L5-S2

    Gluteus Maximus cont.

    Isolated Function
    Extends and externally rotates the hip

    Integrated Function
    Decelerates hip flexion, adduction and internal
    rotation during the stance phase
    Decelerates tibial internal rotation via the iliotibial
    band
    Concentrically accelerates hip extension and
    external rotation to get triple extension

    Gluteus Maximus cont.

    Chain Reactions
    Tight psoas inhibits the gluteus maximus
    Weak gluteus maximus can cause patellar
    tendinitis
    Weak gluteus maximus can cause posterior tibialis
    tendinitis and plantar fascitis
    Weak gluteus maximus can cause achilles
    tendinitis

    12

    Functional Anatomy: Hip Abductors

    Gluteus medius
    Gluteus minimis
    Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

    Hip Abductors
    Isolated Function
    Abducts the femur
    Internally Rotates the femur
    TFL
    Gluteus Minimus
    Anterior Gluteus Medius

    Externally Rotates the femur


    Posterior Fibers of Gluteus Medius

    Integrated Function
    Decelerates frontal plane hip adduction
    Gluteus medius assists in eccentrically decelerating
    transverse plane hip rotation

    Hip Abductors

    Chain Reactions
    Following ankle sprains, it has been demonstrated
    (Beckman) that the gluteus medius has decreased
    electromyograpy activity.
    This leads to synergistic dominance of tensor fascia
    latae and gluteus minimus. These muscles internally
    rotate the femur, which increases stress in the lower
    leg

    Tight psoas creates a sacroiliac joint dysfunction


    which creates both myokinematic and
    arthrokinematic inhibition of the gluteus medius

    13

    Functional Anatomy: Hip External Rotators

    Gluteus maximus
    Sartorius
    Piriformis
    Obturator internus
    Obturator externus
    Gemellus superior
    Gemellus inferior
    Quadratus femoris

    Piriformis
    Origin
    Anterior surface of the
    sacrum (S2-S4)

    Insertion
    Superior aspect of the
    greater trochanter

    Innervation
    Ventral rami S1-S2

    Obturator Internus
    Origin
    Obturator Foramen

    Insertion
    Greater Trochanter

    Innervation
    Nerve to obturator
    internus

    14

    Obturator Externus
    Origin
    Superior and inferior
    pubic ramus
    External surface of
    obturator foramen

    Insertion
    Trochanteric fossa

    Innervation
    Obturator N.

    Gemellus Superior
    Origin
    Ischial spine

    Insertion
    Greater trochanter

    Innervation
    N. to obturator internus

    Gemellus Inferior
    Origin
    Ischial tuberosity

    Insertion
    Greater trochanter

    Innervation
    N. to quadratus femoris

    15

    Quadratus Femoris
    Origin
    Lateral border of ischial
    tuberosity

    Insertion
    Quadrate line below
    intertrochanteric crest

    Innervation
    Nerve to quadratus
    femoris

    Hip External Rotators


    Isolated Function
    Externally rotates femur (all)
    Abducts femur (piriformis, obturator internus)

    Integrated Function
    Eccentrically decelerates hip internal rotation
    Concentrically accelerates hip external rotation
    Works as a major pelvo-femoral stabilizer during
    functional movements to help maintain stability and proper
    function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex

    Hip External Rotators

    Chain Reactions
    Tight external rotators (piriformis) can create a
    sacroiliac joint dysfunction, leading to lumbar
    spine dysfunction
    External rotators become synergistically dominant
    to compensate for a weak gluteus maximus (tight
    psoas), weak biceps femoris (anterior pelvic
    rotation), weak gastrocnemius and weak gluteus
    medius

    16

    Summary

    Covers a large group of muscles


    Although there may be a primary plane of
    motion where a muscle is the strongest, all
    muscles function in all planes of motion
    All muscles function eccentrically,
    isometrically, and concentrically

    The National Academy of Sports Medicine

    Thank you

    17

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