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    Midterm1 Prac

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    James Scribd
    The document is a 4 question midterm exam on physics topics including complex exponential notation, the energy method, properties of a damped harmonic oscillator, and the damped, driven oscillator. It provides context, diagrams, and formulas for each question.

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    Midterm1 Prac

    Uploaded by

    James Scribd
    23 views3 pages
    The document is a 4 question midterm exam on physics topics including complex exponential notation, the energy method, properties of a damped harmonic oscillator, and the damped, driven oscillator. It provides context, diagrams, and formulas for each question.

    Original Description:

    First midterm for physics class

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    The document is a 4 question midterm exam on physics topics including complex exponential notation, the energy method, properties of a damped harmonic oscillator, and the damped, driven oscillator. It provides context, diagrams, and formulas for each question.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views3 pages

    Midterm1 Prac

    Uploaded by

    James Scribd
    The document is a 4 question midterm exam on physics topics including complex exponential notation, the energy method, properties of a damped harmonic oscillator, and the damped, driven oscillator. It provides context, diagrams, and formulas for each question.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1

    Physics 255 Mid Term 1


    Friday, 4 October 2013
    Time: 50 minutes. A calculator is permitted. Your examination paper should have 2 pages
    with 3 printed sides. The point value for each question is given in square brackets. Total
    points: 50.
    1. Complex exponential notation [10 points]
    

    Express the following in the form x = Re Aei(t+) :
    (a) [5] x = 2 sin(t)
    (b) [5] x = cos(t) cos(t /3)
    2. The energy method [10 points]
    The figure below shows a thin uniform rod of mass M and length L that is pivoted without
    friction about an axis through its mid-point. A horizontal light spring of spring constant k is
    attached to the lower end of the rod. The spring is at its equilibrium length when the angle
    with respect to the vertical is zero. Using the energy method, find the angular frequency
    for small oscillations of the rod. (Note: the moment of inertia of a rod about its mid point
    is M L2 /12.)

    3. Properties of a damped harmonic oscillator [20 points]


    A simple pendulum of length ` = 0.5 m oscillates with negligible damping under gravitational
    acceleration of g = 9.8 m/s2 .
    (a) [5] Draw a force/torque diagram of this system and deduce from it the differential
    equation for the motion (t) in the small amplitude approximation.
    (b) [2] Determine the period of oscillation T .
    A damping mechanism is now introduced that results in a damping rate = 0.20 , where
    0 is the natural oscillation frequency for undamped motion.
    (c) [3] What is the oscillation period of the damped motion?
    (d) [10] Find an expression for (t) that results from releasing the damped pendulum from
    rest at the position 0 = 0.1 rad. Carefully sketch (t).

    2
    4. The damped, driven oscillator [10 points]
    The figure below shows a massspringdamper system. The horizontal position of the mass
    m is denoted xm , measured from the equilibrium position. The mass is attached to a rigid
    mount on the left-hand side via a damper of damping constant b. The mass is also attached
    to a spring, of spring constant k. The system is driven by a harmonic displacement of the
    other end of the spring, xf (t) = X0 sin t.
    (a) [4] Using Newtons Second Law, write down the differential equation for the motion of
    the driven oscillator and show that there is a forcing term of form F (t) = F0 sin(t).
    What is F0 in terms of the given parameters?
    (b) [6] Starting with the differential equation from (a) and using phasor notation, derive
    an expression for the steady-state amplitude of oscillation that is, the absolute value
    of the amplitude and thereby show that it is identical to that for a driving force
    F0 cos t.

    m
    xm

    xf

    Formula sheet
    The differential equation for a damped harmonic oscillator with a harmonic driving force is
    F0
    1
    (m
    x + bx + kx) = x + x + 02 x =
    cos t.
    m
    m
    The solution has the form
    x(t) = xh (t) + xss (t),
    with

    t/2

    cos(f t + ) = Re{Aei et/2 eif t }, Q > 1/2;


    Ae
    xh (t) = (A + Bt)et/2 ,
    Q = 1/2;

    1 t
    Ae
    + Be2 t ,
    Q < 1/2;
    where

    r
    Q = 0 /,

    f =

    02

     2
    2

    1,2

    =
    2

    r 
    2
    2

    02

    and
    xss (t) = A() cos [t ()] = Re{A()ei() eit },
    F0 /m
    A()ei() = 2
    ,
    0 2 + i
    F0 /m
    A() =
    1/2
    [(02 2 )2 + 2 2 ]

    .
    tan () = 2
    0 2

    Complex numbers:
    z = a + ib = rei , z = a ib = rei ,
    z z
    z + z
    Re{z} =
    = a = r cos , Im{z} =
    = b = r sin .
    2
    2i
    ei + ei
    ei ei
    ei = cos + i sin , cos =
    , sin =
    2
    2i

    Trigonometric identities:

    sin(x) = cos(x ),
    2

    cos(a+b) = cos a cos bsin a sin b,

    sin(a+b) = sin a cos b+cos a sin b

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