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    Naphthalene Production

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    prabudha
    The document summarizes several commercial processes for producing naphthalene: 1. Recovery from coal tar through distillation of the tar acid-free chemical oil in columns to remove light components and produce a 780C naphthalene-rich bottoms. 2. Production from petroleum using processes like the Unidak process involving fractionation and hydrogenation over catalyst, and the Hydeal process using hydrogenation over catalyst. 3. Typical production from petroleum involves concentrating aromatic feed through extraction and desulfurization, then pumping with hydrogen to a demethylation reactor operating at high pressure and temperature to produce naphthalene, gasoline and fuel oil through distillation.

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    Naphthalene Production

    Uploaded by

    prabudha
    2K views4 pages
    The document summarizes several commercial processes for producing naphthalene: 1. Recovery from coal tar through distillation of the tar acid-free chemical oil in columns to remove light components and produce a 780C naphthalene-rich bottoms. 2. Production from petroleum using processes like the Unidak process involving fractionation and hydrogenation over catalyst, and the Hydeal process using hydrogenation over catalyst. 3. Typical production from petroleum involves concentrating aromatic feed through extraction and desulfurization, then pumping with hydrogen to a demethylation reactor operating at high pressure and temperature to produce naphthalene, gasoline and fuel oil through distillation.

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    Naphthalene production method

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    The document summarizes several commercial processes for producing naphthalene: 1. Recovery from coal tar through distillation of the tar acid-free chemical oil in columns to remove light components and produce a 780C naphthalene-rich bottoms. 2. Production from petroleum using processes like the Unidak process involving fractionation and hydrogenation over catalyst, and the Hydeal process using hydrogenation over catalyst. 3. Typical production from petroleum involves concentrating aromatic feed through extraction and desulfurization, then pumping with hydrogen to a demethylation reactor operating at high pressure and temperature to produce naphthalene, gasoline and fuel oil through distillation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Naphthalene Production

    Uploaded by

    prabudha
    The document summarizes several commercial processes for producing naphthalene: 1. Recovery from coal tar through distillation of the tar acid-free chemical oil in columns to remove light components and produce a 780C naphthalene-rich bottoms. 2. Production from petroleum using processes like the Unidak process involving fractionation and hydrogenation over catalyst, and the Hydeal process using hydrogenation over catalyst. 3. Typical production from petroleum involves concentrating aromatic feed through extraction and desulfurization, then pumping with hydrogen to a demethylation reactor operating at high pressure and temperature to produce naphthalene, gasoline and fuel oil through distillation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    COMMERCIAL PROCESSES

    Naphthalene is produced by the following processes:


    1.

    Recovery from coal tar

    2.

    From petroleum
    Unidak process
    Hydeal process
    Process given by faith

    1.

    Recovery from coal tar:


    The tar acid-free chemical oil is charged to the system where most of the low

    boiling components, e.g., benzene, xylene, and toluene, are removed in the light-solvent
    column. The chemical oil next is fed to the solvent column, which is operated under
    vacuum, where a product containing the prenaphthalene components is taken overhead.
    This product, which is called coal-tar naphtha or crude heavy solvent, typically has a
    boiling range of 130-2000C and is used as a general solvent and as a feed stock for
    hydrocarbon-resin manufacture because of its high contents of resinifiables, e.g., indene
    and coumarone (see hydro carbon resins). The naphthalene rich bottoms from the
    solvent column then fed to the naphthalene column where a 780C freeze point product
    (780C naphthalene) is produced .the naphthalene column is operated at near atmospheric
    pressure to avoid difficulties, e.g., naphthalene-filled vacuum jets and lines, which are
    inherent to vacuum, distillation of this product. A side stream, which is reach in
    methylnaphthalenes, may be taken near the bottom of the naphthalene column. The crude
    780 C naphthalene that is produced by distillation is not of suitable quality for many
    applications and must be further upgraded.
    The main impurity in crude 780C

    coal-tar naphthalene is sulfur, which is a

    present in the form of thionaphthalene (1-3%). Methyl and dimethylnaphthalene, much


    crude coal-tar naphthalene are also presents (1-2 wt%) with lesser amount of indene,
    methylindenes, tar acids, entire bases.

    2. From petroleum:
    Unidak process:
    In the unidak process (Union Oil Company of California),the feed, which may be
    catalytic reformat bottoms, enters a fractionators where a naphthalene concentrate, a
    middle product of alkylnaphthalenes which is treated further, and a small amount of
    bottom which is used fuel oil are produced. The alkylnaphthalenes which are mixed with
    make-up hydrogenate 3.5 Mpa (500 psig) and some water to moderate the reaction, are
    transferred to a fixed-bed reactor. The reaction product enters a high-pressure separator
    where 80-wt% hydrogen is evolved and recycled. Low-pressure separator releases a small
    amount of fuel gas and the dealkylated product is sent to the feed. The naphthalene
    concentrate is purified from a by-product which can be used is gasoline.

    Hydeal process:
    The hydeal process (Universal Oil Product) a feedstock which is derived from
    heavy reformat a processed with excess hydrogen over a chromia-alumina catalyst of
    high purity and low sodium content. Naphthalene is recovered by distillation after
    treatment with clay to remove traces of olefins.
    A typical process of producing naphthalene from petroleum is given by Faith.
    Reaction (typical):
    C10H6 (CH3) 2 + 2H2

    C10H8 +2CH4

    Utilities Requirements (typical):


    BASIS: 50million pounds Naphthalene/Year

    Electric power
    Fuel
    Steam
    Circulating water

    HEAVY REFORMATE

    CATALYST CYCLE STOCK

    420KW

    630 kW

    40,000,000Btu/hr

    90,000,000Btu/hr

    4,000 lb/hr

    900 gal/min

    1,500gal/min

    PROCESS
    Naphthalene may be produced from petroleum fractions high temperature and
    pressure in the presence of hydrogen, either with or without catalyst.
    Suitable feeds may be bottoms distilled from catalytic reformat or a narrow cut
    distilled and concentrated from refractory cycle oils. For example, typical rerun bottoms
    (4000F end point) from catalytic reformat would contain 95% aromatics made up of 2030% alkylbenzene; 10-15% naphthalene and 15-16% methylnaphthalene.
    A typical fluid catalytic cracking cycle oil (450-5500F cut) might contain
    50%aromatics, most of which are mono-,di- and tri-methylnaphthalenes. Before
    dealkylating, this stock would have to be concentrated by extraction and desulfurized.
    In either case the concentrated aromatic feed would be pumped along with a
    hydrogen-rich gas to a demethylation reactor. Typical range of operating conditions for a
    noncatalytic thermal dimethylator are 150 to 1000psi, 14000F, hydrogen naphthalene
    ratio of 3:1 to 25:1, residence time of 2 to 300seconds. The dimethylated product is
    quenched as it leaves to the reactor and sent to a separator from which part of the
    hydrogen rich gas recycled and part burnt as a fuel. The liquid product is distilled to
    separate naphthalene, gasoline, and fuel oil. Some of the aromatic concentrate may be
    recycled.
    The naphthalene produced is usually better 99% pure and low in sulfur content.

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