05 - OOP in PHP

Vietnam and Japan Joint
ICT HRD Program
Object--Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object
Object: Instance (occurrance) of a class
Object:
Classes/Objects
Cl
/Obj t encapsulates
l t
th i d
their
data
t
(called attributes
attributes)) and behaviour (called
methods))
methods
Inheritance
Inheritance:: Defin
Define
e a new class by
saying that it's like an existing class, but
with certain new or changed attributes
and methods.
ICT 5 Web Development
Chapter 5. OOP in PHP

Nguyen Thi Thu Trang
The old class

class:: superclass
superclass//parent
parent//base class
The
The new class:
class: subclass
subclass/child/
/child/derived
derived class
[email protected]
trangntt
PHP 5
Content
Singleingle-inheritance
1. Creating an Object
2. Accessing attributes and methods
3. Building
Building a class
4. Introspection
Access
ccess--restricted
Overloadable
Object
~ passpass-byby-reference
Content
3. Building
Building a class
4. Introspection
Syntax:
$object = new Class
Class([agrs])
([agrs]);
;
E.g.:
$obj1= new User();
User();
$obj2 = new User('Fred', "abc123"); //args
$obj3 = new User'; // does not work
$class = User';
User ; $obj4
$obj4= new $class; //ok
User
+ name
- password
- lastLogin
+ getLastLogin()
+ setPassword(pass)
2. Accessing Attributes and

Methods
Content
3. Building
Building a class
4. Introspection
Syntax: Using ->

$object$object->attribute_
attribute name
attribute_name
$object
$object->method
method_
_name
name([
([arg,
arg, ... ])
])
E.g.
// attribute access
$obj1$obj1
->name = Micheal";
print("User name is " . $obj1$obj1->name);
$obj1$obj1
->getLastLogin( ); // method call
// method call with args
$obj1$obj1
->setPassword("Test4");
Rules for PHP

Identifiers
3.1. Syntax to declare a Class

class Class
lassN
Name [extends Base
aseC
Class
lass]{
]{
[[var
var]
] access $attribute [ = value ]; ... ]
[access function method
method_name
_name (args
args)
) {
// code
} ...
]
}
access can be: public

public,, protected or private (default is
public).
ClassNames,
ClassName
s, atributes, methods are casecase-sensitive and
conform the rules for PHP identifiers
attributes or methods can be declared as static or const
Must include:
ASCII letter
(a--zA
(a
zA--Z)
Digits (0(0-9)
_
ASCII character
between 0x7F
(DEL) and
0xFF
Do not start
by a digit
Example Define User class
10
3.2. Constructors and Destructors
User
//define class for tracking users

+ name
- password
class User {
- lastLogin
public $name;
+ getLastLogin()
private $password, $lastLogin;
public function __
__construct($name, $password) {
$this$this
->name = $name;
A special variable
$this$this
->password = $password;
for the particular instance
$this$this
->lastLogin = time();
of the class
}
function getLastLogin() {
return(date("M d Y", $this$this->lastLogin));
}
}
11
Constructor
__construct([agrs])
construct([agrs])
executed immediately upon creating an object
from that class
Destructor
__destruct()
destroying
ying the object
calls when destro
2 special namespaces:
selft: refers to the current class
parent: refers to the immediate ancestor
Call parents constructor: parent::__construct
12
class BaseClass{
protected $name = "BaseClass";
function __construct(){
print("In " . $this
$this->name . " constructor ");
}
function __destruct(){
print("Destroying
p
(
y g " . $
$this->name . " ");
$this);
}
}
class SubClass extends BaseClass {
function __construct(){
$this$this
->name = "SubClass";
parent::__construct();
}
function __destruct(){
parent::__destruct();
}
}
Example
$obj1 = new SubClass();

$obj2 = new BaseClass();
3.3. Static & constant class members
Static member
Not relate
relate/belong
/belong to an any particular object of the
class, but to the class itself.
itself.
Cannot use $this to access static members but can use
with self namespace or ClassName.
E.g.
count
is a static attribute of Counter class

or Counter::$count
self::$count
Constant member
value cannot be changed
can be accessed directly through the class or within
object methods using the self namespace.
13
class Counter {
private static $count = 0;
const VERSION = 2.0;
function __construct(){ self::$count++; }
function __destruct(){ self::$count-self::$count--;
; }
static function getCount() {
return self::$count;
}
}
$c1 = new Counter();
print($c1print($c1
->getCount() . " 
" \
\n");
$c2 = new Counter();
print(Counter::getCount() . " \
" \n");
14
Example
3.4. Cloning Object

$a = new SomeClass();
$b = $
$a;
// $a and $b point to the same
underlying instance of SomeClass
Changing $a attributes value also make

$b attributes changing
Create a replica of an object so that
changes to the replica are not reflected in
the original object? CLONING
$c2 = NULL;
print($c1print($c1
->getCount() . " 
" \
\n");
print("Version used: ".Counter::VERSION." \
".Counter::VERSION." \n");
15
16
Example Cloning
class ObjectTracker {
private static $nextSerial = 0;
private $id, $name;
function __construct($name) {
$this$this
->name = $name;
thisthis
->id = ++self::$nextSerial;
}
function __clone(){
$this$this
->name = "Clone of $th
$this
is->name";
$this$this
->id = ++self::$nextSerial;
}
function getId() { return($thisreturn($this->id); }
function getName() { return($thisreturn($this->name); }
function setName($name) { $this$this->name = $name; }
}
$ot = new ObjectTracker("Zeev's Object");
$ot2 = clone $ot; $ot2$ot2->setName("Another object");
print($otprint($ot
->getId() . " " . $ot
$ot->getName() . " ");
print($ot2print($ot2
->getId() . " " . $ot2
$ot2->getName() . " ");
3.4. Object Cloning
Special method in every class: __clone()

Every object has a default implementation for
__clone()
Accepts no arguments
Call cloning:
$copy_of_object = clone $object;
E.g.
E
$a = new SomeClass();
$b = clone $a;
17
18
3.5. UserUser-level overloading
3.5.1. Attribute overloading
Overloading in PHP provides means

dynamic "create"
create attributes and methods
methods.
The overloading methods are invoked
when interacting with attributes or
methods that have not been declared or
are not visible in the current scope.
All overloading methods must be defined
as public
public..
void __set (string $name , mixed $value)
mixed __get (string $name)
bool __isset (string $name)
is run when writing data to inaccessible attributes

is utilized for reading data from inaccessible attributes
is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on inaccessible
attributes
void __unset
unset (string $name)
is invoked when unset() is used on inaccessible
attributes
19
Note: The return value of __set() is ignored because of the way PHP
processes the assignment operator. Similarly, __get() is never
called when chaining assignments together like this:
$a = $obj$obj->b = 8;
20
class PropertyTest {
private $data = array();
Example - Attribute overloading
public $declared = 1;
private $hidden = 2;
public function __set($name, $value) {
echo "Setting '$name' to '$value' ";
thisthis
->data[$name] = $value;
}
public function __get($name)
get($name) {
echo "Getting '$name' ";
if (array_key_exists($name, $this$this->data)) {
return $this$this->data[$name];
}
$obj = new PropertyTest;
}
public function __isset($name) {
$obj$obj
->a = 1;
echo "Is '$name' set? ";
$obj->a." ";
return isset($thisisset($this->data[$name]); echo $obj}
var_dump(isset($objvar_dump(isset($obj
->a));
public function __unset($name) {
unset($objunset($obj
->a);
echo "Unsetting '$name' ";
var_dump(isset($objvar_dump(isset($obj
->a));
unset($thisunset($this
->data[$name]);
echo " ";
}
public function getHidden() {
echo $obj$obj->declared." ";
return $this$this->hidden;
echo $obj$obj->getHidden()." ";
}
echo $obj$obj->hidden." ";
}
3.5.2. Method overloading
mixed __call (string $name, array

$arguments)
is triggered when invoking inaccessible

methods in an object context
mixed __callStatic (string $name,
array $arguments)
is
i ttriggered
i
d when
h
invoking
i
ki
inaccessible
i
ibl
methods in a static context.
22
Example
Method Overloading
3.6. Autoloading class
class MethodTest {
public function __call($name, $arguments) {
// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "Calling object method '$name' "
. implode(', ', $arguments). ";
}
Using a class you havent defined, PHP

generates a fatal error
Can use include statement
Can use a global function __autoload()
public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) {

// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "Calling static method '$name' "
. implode(', ', $arguments). ";
}
}
$obj = new MethodTest;
$obj$obj
->runTest('in object context');
single parameter: the name of the class

automatically called when you attempt to use
a class PHP does not recognize
MethodTest::runTest('in static context');
23
24
Example - Autoloading class
3.7. Namespace
//define autoload function

function __autoload($class)
autoload($class) {
include("class_".ucfirst($class).".php");
}
//use a class that must be autoloaded
$u = new User;
$u$u
$
->name = "Leon";
;
$u$u
->printName();
~folder, ~package
Organize
O
i variables,
i bl
ffunctions
ti
and
d classes
l
Avoid confliction in naming variables,
functions and classes
The namespace statement gives a name
to a block of code
From outside the block, scripts must refer
to the parts inside with the name of the
namespace using the :: operator
25
26
Example Namespace
3.7. Namespace (2)

You cannot create a hierarchy of
namespaces
namespaces name includes colons as
long as they are not the first character,
the last character or next to another colon
use colons to divide the names of your
namespaces into logical partitions like
parent--child relationships to anyone who
parent
reads your code
E.g. namespace hedspi:is1 { ... }
27
namespace core_php:utility {
class TextEngine {
public function uppercase($text) {
return(strtoupper($text));
}
import * from myNamespace
}
function uppercase($text) {
$e = new TextEngine;
return($ereturn($e
->uppercase($text));
}
}
$e = new core_php:utility::textEngine;
print($eprint($e
->uppercase("from object") . " ");
print(core_php:utility::uppercase("from function")
." ");
import class TextEngine from core_php:utility;
$e2 = new textEngine;
28
3.8. Abstract methods and

abstract classes
abstract class Shape {

abstract function getArea();
}
abstract class Polygon extends Shape {
abstract function g
getNumberOfSides();
();
}
class Triangle extends Polygon {
public $base; public $height;
public function getArea() {
return(($thisreturn(($this
->base * $this
$this->height)/2);
}
public function getNumberOfSides() {
return(3);
}
}
Single
inheritance
Abstract methods, abstract classes,
interface (implements) like Java
You cannot instantiate an
an abstract
class,, but you can extend it or use it
class
in an instanceof expression
29
30
$myCollection = array();
class Rectangle extends Polygon {

public $width; public $height;
return($thisreturn($this
->width * $this
$this->height);
}
public function getNumberOfSides() {
return(4);
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
public $radius;
return(pi() * $this$this->radius * $this
$this->radius);
}
}
class Color {
public $name;
}
$r = new Rectangle; $r$r->width = 5; $r

$r->height = 7;
$myCollection[] = $r; unset($r);
$t = new Triangle; $t$t->base = 4; $t
$t->height = 5;
$myCollection[] = $t; unset($t);
$c = new Circle; $c$c->radius = 3;
$myCollection[] = $c; unset($c);
$c = new Color; $c$c->name = "blue";
$myCollection[] = $c; unset($c);
31
foreach($myCollection as $s) {
if($s instanceof Shape) {
print("Area: " . $s$s->getArea() . " 
" \
\n");
}
if($s
($ instanceof Polygon)
yg ) {
print("Sides: " . $s$s->getNumberOfSides() . " 
" \
\n");
}
if($s instanceof Color) {
print("Color: $s$s->name 
>name \
\n");
}
print(" \
print(" 
\n");
32
}
Content
4. Introspection
3. Building
Building a class
4. Introspection
Ability of a program to examine an

object's
object
s characteristics
characteristics, such as its name
name,
parent class (if any), attributes, and
methods..
methods
Discover which methods or attributes are
defined when you write your code at
runtime which makes it possible for you
runtime,
to write generic debuggers, serializers,
profilers, etc
33
4.1. Examining Classes
class_exists(c
class_exists(
class
lassn
name)
determine whether a class exists
get_declared_cl
get_declared_c
lasses()
get_class_methods(classname
get_class_methods(
classname)
)
get_class_vars
_
_
(classname)
(classname
)
get_parent_class(classname
get_parent_class(
classname)
)
returns an array of defined classes

Return an array of methods that exist in a class
Return an array of attributes that exist in a class
Return name of the parent class
Return FALSE if there is no parent class
35
34
function display_classes ( ) {
$classes = get_declared_classes( );
foreach($classes as $class) {
echo "Showing information about $class ";
echo "$class methods: ";
$methods = get_class_methods($class);
if(!count($methods)) {
echo "None None ";
/> ;
} else { foreach($methods as $method) {
echo "$method( ) ";
}
}
echo "$class attributes: ";
$attributes = get_class_vars($class);
if(!count($attributes)) { echo "None ; }
else {
foreach(array_keys($attributes) as $attribute) {
echo "\
"\$$attribute ";
}
}
echo "";
}
}
36
4.2. Examining an Object
is_object(object
is_object(
object)
)
get_class(object)
method_exists(object,
method_exists(
object, method
method)
)
get_object
get_
_object_vars(
_vars( object
_
object)
)
get_parent_class(object
get_parent_class(
object)
)
Question?
Check if a variable is an object or not

Return the class of the object
Check if a method exists in object or not
Return an array of attributes that exist in a class
Return the name of the parent class
Return FALSE if there is no parent class
37
38
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Vietnam and Japan Joint

ICT HRD Program

Object--Oriented Programming (OOP)

ICT 5 Web Development

Chapter 5. OOP in PHP

The old class

2. Accessing Attributes and

Syntax: Using ->

Rules for PHP

3.1. Syntax to declare a Class

access can be: public

Example Define User class

3.2. Constructors and Destructors

//define class for tracking users

$obj1 = new SubClass();

3.3. Static & constant class members

is a static attribute of Counter class

3.4. Cloning Object

Changing $a attributes value also make

3.4. Object Cloning

Special method in every class: __clone()

3.5. UserUser-level overloading

3.5.1. Attribute overloading

Overloading in PHP provides means

void __set (string $name , mixed $value)

mixed __get (string $name)

bool __isset (string $name)

is run when writing data to inaccessible attributes

3.5.2. Method overloading

mixed __call (string $name, array

is triggered when invoking inaccessible

3.6. Autoloading class

Using a class you havent defined, PHP

public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) {

single parameter: the name of the class

MethodTest::runTest('in static context');

Example - Autoloading class

//define autoload function

3.7. Namespace (2)

3.8. Abstract methods and

abstract class Shape {

class Rectangle extends Polygon {

$r = new Rectangle; $r$r->width = 5; $r

Ability of a program to examine an

4.1. Examining Classes

returns an array of defined classes

4.2. Examining an Object

Check if a variable is an object or not

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